Level (3) Batch (4) soewaiyantun

Task 1

Entities and attributes

An entity represent something this exists independent and can be uniquely identified. next specifically,
an entity often represent class and team , or type of similarity object . Mostly cases, an entity represent
a real-world object such as a car or employees . An entity maybe think of as a nouns this appear in the
description to solve the problem . Entities are represent as table in a relational databases . In usually
each entity map to accurate one table in databases . Each row in table correspond to an really instance
of object or it a representative of entity. For example - In the Employees database each row
corresponds to a records for a individual employees in company . and attributes is In entity related
modeling, entity properties is call attributes . In others word are attribute represent a sub team of
information about this object represent by entity . Attributes defined individually instances and helping
each of them is separated instance by describing it characteristic . It is importantly note this an attribute
cannot have are values and must be atomic .In relational databases where is entities implemented as
table , each columns represent the attributes of this entities. Attribute example In the Employees table,
columns this as departmental , ranked , and salary are example of employees attributes. To divided indo
individual instances of an entity, you can select one or next attribute fields from all instances with
unique values as keys. For example, the Social Security Number attribute (unique to all employees) is
often using as primary key for employees table. Multiple attributes maybe make up primary key.

Employee

Customers

ID

Name Date of
Exams
Cars Entities birth

Films Teachers

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How entities can be related to each other using Primaryand Foreign key.

Foreign and Primary keys so many parts basics on relational databases theory are base on the
base . Primary keys enforced entity faithfully is uniquely identifying entity process . A foreign key
enforces referred faithful by completing the team between the two organizations . another
steps in build this data basic model to : the primary key attribute for each entity define
and identify and validate primary keys and relationships , migrate primary key to
establish foreign key .Relational databases are designed to enforced primary key uniqueness
is allow only one row with primary key value in a table. Foreign key is a column or set of
columns in table who values correspond to the values of the primary key is another table.
Primary keys always needed to be unique, foreign keys needed to allowed non-unique values if
the table is a many to one relationship . A FOREIGN KEY constraints does not had to be related
inked only to a PRIMARY KEY constraints in another table; this can also be define to reference
the columns of a UNIQUE constraints in a another table. Example one to many and one to one ,
Many to Many

One to Many
In a basic definition, a relationship is an association between two entities, where the first entity
instance is associated with one or more second instances, and the second entity instance is the
first multiple Associated with the instance . For example

1 M
Mother Children

One to One
In one-to-one relationship, one record in a table is related only to one record in another table.
For example

1
President 1 Country

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 Many to Many

when both participants can has multiple instances of each other . For example

M M
Student Takes Course

Primary Key Foreign Key

ID Name Department ID Primary Key

What is meant by referential integrity

RI (Referential integrity) are a relational databases conception , which is town this table relationship may
always strong . Other cases , anything foreign key fields may agreed and this primary key this are
reference by the foreign key . Referential integrity is data property this indicate the are all reference are
validity . In the context of a relational databases , if the values of one attribute (columns) in a relations
(table) reference the values of another attribute (in the same relation or another relation), the
referenced value must exist . for example
EMPLOYEE
ENO E Name M-S Sal
E3 Smith S 12500
E5 Mitchell M 12500
E1 Robson D 32500
CAR E6 Blake M 54000
Reg No Type Owner E8 Jones W 68000
K123 ABC Corsa 1.3 E3
W811 STA Starlet GLi E5
JON 1 Jaguar XK E1
V771 PQ Volvo S80 E6

3
How data can validated when entered into database.

Clinical database validation is a structure , documented processing that indicates this the database is in
compliances with regulatory requirement and performing other functioning this need to be performed.
This can be summarize by confirming that are clinical database is suitable for the intend using . In
generally, database verifications is a type of software verifications. Automated database have this good
point of including automatic checks to prevention wrong data from being record in the database . This is
process this is not can get for manual databases . Validation is the process of check the data enter in this
database to ensure that it is good data . for example

First stage

First we need to build a file at microsoft Access then the inside datasheet view on the table1 need input
the data .

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Second stage

Second the inside design view date of birth table click then go to validation rule and validation text

Third stage

5
Four stage

Four stage