FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE AND POLICY STUDIES
DIPLOMA IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (AM110)
PAD390: DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW: RURAL DEVELOPMENT MOEL IN MALAYSIA
BY FATIMAH MOHD ARSHAD & MAD NASIR SHAMSUDIN
CLASS: AM1104G
PREPARED BY:
NO NAME MATRIC NUMBER
1 NURULHAMIZAH IZZATI BINTI ZAHURIN 2018248254
PREPARED FOR:
SIR MOHD IBRAHIM HAI
DATE OF SUBMISSION:
11 JULY 2020
0
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................2
2 BACKGROUND OF JOURNAL (ABSTRACT)..............................................................3
3 ARTICLE REVIEW...........................................................................................................4
3.1 Rural Development Concept.......................................................................................4
3.2 Integrated Rural Development....................................................................................5
4 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................7
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1 INTRODUCTION
Development can be defined as an encounter to change the whole of the social system
in such a way that it is consistent with the basic needs of individuals and groups within
society. It must give society the ability to shift the drawback to a good condition.
Development can de divided into two procedures. The procedures it to ensure that the
development make an improvise and a better condition of standard of living. The first
procedure is change which means to become a better one from the present situations or
having a transformation towards the enhanced of life. For example, the administration reform
made by Tun Abdul Razak in 1970’s which he determined seven deadly sins in Public
Administration.
Next, the second procedure of development is progress. The progress means to growth
and advancement improvement of the present condition to improve the standard living and
living quality. For example, the transportation facilities by building the roads and highways,
hospitals and clinics, technical assistance, electricity, water supply and other infrastructures.
The development objectives are towards the poverty, child mortality, poor maternal health,
rampant disease and other major problems that stated in Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs).
In chapter 7, it is about Rural Development. A process to enhance the standard of
living in rural areas by improving all aspects of human development. This would include
essential necessities, food, clothes, shelter or home, health and other psycho-social needs,
such as education, employment, spiritual and protection. Living in rural areas also known as
downwardness, less education and less environment. From chapter 7, it will talk about the
efforts of Integrated Rural Development in Malaysia which is Integrated Agricultural
Development Project (IADP) and Area Development (AD). Also, in this chapter it stated
about the Strategies of Rural Development.
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2 BACKGROUND OF JOURNAL (ABSTRACT)
Since the independence from 1957 into the 1990s, the rural development has been the
main priority of Malaysia’s economic policies. The rural sector is crucial to economic
growth, political and social developments in the region. Some of the major characteristics of
the sector are the high level of poverty, poor employment, lack of adequate economic and
social services and market flaws. This journal examines the origins of Malaysia's rural
development policies, approaches and programs since the 1960s.
Since the rural economy depends on agriculture, agricultural policy by agrarian
reform has been the main factor responsible for turning the poverty-stricken population into a
commercial market. Growth activities are driven by the twin goals of generating development
through equity. Government policy has, to some degree, achieved its desired results, but
deprivation and inequality within and across sectors remain important and obvious. Rural
development remains a crucial development agenda for the region.
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3 ARTICLE REVIEW
Rural Development Model in Malaysia By Fatimah Mohd Arshad, Mad Nasir Shamsudin
3.1 Rural Development Concept
Based on rural development concept in chapter 7, the major problem of the rural
sector is poverty. This poverty problem already incurred since before the Independence Day
of Malaysia and remains as one of crucial issues whether in social or economy. The rural
development programs have been and continue to be one of the key thrusts of Malaysia's
economic growth since independence in 1957. The Malaysian economy relied on the rural
sector at an early stage of development for agricultural inputs and production, and thus on the
country's export earnings. Before 1990s, the rural sector has already known with
agricultural activities as major of the population in Malaysia back then were involved in
agricultural such as farming and fishing.
The poverty problem is also a universal problem. This problem affected the rural sector
the worst with most of the populations who lived in poverty. Also, the poverty is become bad
due to predominance of the Malays. It shows that the inequality and imbalance economic
between other ethnics with Malays. When Malaysia has gained the Independence, the
government has started many programmes and strategies for economic such as
implementing a development plans, First Malaysia Plan and Second Malaysia Plan.
From this, programmes, it will involve many people from various background to participate
in order to ensure the success of the agricultural activities and rural sector. It is to improve the
development in rural sector throughout policies that with agricultural and economic. This
point already suitable with the rural development goals which to encourage people’s wide
participation in planning, implementing and using the productions of development.
From the basic knowledge, rural development is about the initiatives or methods that
need to be taken to improve the standard of living in non-urban areas. From the objectives
of rural development which to encourage economic growth, it needs to know also about
the social economic. There are many factors of the poverty which are important to be
consider for example, lack of infrastructures, low incomes, unemployment, the neglect of
development in rural economy, and poor productivity. This poverty was still happening more
in Sabah and Sarawak compared to Peninsular Malaysia. From this rural development
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objective, government already put rural sector in the development planning to have an
agricultural input and output beside to increase the country’s export.
Besides its also stated about a related policy or planning that suitable in the rural
development objectives above. For example, two development plans in 1960s, the New
Economic Policy and First Outline Perspective Plan (1970s), the National Agricultural Policy
(NAP) in 1980s and in 1990s National Development Policy (NDP) and new National
Agricultural Policy (NAP). All this planning and policies are aimed the same objectives
which is to increase the economic growth, to encourage citizens in participation in products
of development, focused and improvised agricultural industry and to reduce the poverty
especially in rural sector and areas.
3.2 Integrated Rural Development
Based on chapter 7, the Integrated Rural Development has put many efforts that been
carried out by the Ministry of Rural Development. This to ensure the effectiveness of the
rural development in the rural sector. Besides, there are support or agencies that helping to
popularise the strategy of integrated rural development. For example, land development, rural
industry and others. This strategy has addressed some issues of general poverty in some rural
areas. Also, there are improvise with the necessities input and facilities for searching
development and for rural institutions that relate with integrated rural development. As it
stated in chapter 7, its to create areas that develop and profitable to live in. so from this, the
integrated rural development has aimed and focus on their selected areas that need to be
develop quicker to give an impact to the rural areas. The designed that plan will reduce the
digital between rural and urban areas. These efforts have plans and implement that will know
about the issues and will have a solution to solve the rural issue.
The integrated rural development is using a strategy that related to natural resources,
economic facilities, farm inputs and others. It also includes the rural development projects
that relate with farming or agricultural and non-agricultural rural component. From this, it
will inspire the rural area to active involvement to development the areas or sector. Also, this
has met the regional and integrated agricultural development programme basis. It shows on
the effect that will develops the rural and will improvised the region economic on agricultural
sector. In addition, in integrated rural development, there is a programme called Integrated
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Agricultural Development Project. This programme has aiming the agricultural production
in small estates and farms, technology, economy and others.
This integrated agricultural development project (IADP) concept is to face the poverty
issue with low income and low productivity. It also to modernize rural sectors through the
use of agricultural technology. This agricultural technology will coordinate specific with
the integrated agricultural development project system. In addition, the integrated agricultural
development project wants to improve the standard of living through farmers’ involvement in
agri-business and other rural sectors, to attract the participants of development agencies with
the people actively in a targeted area, involves to the institutions building to spread an
agriculture knowledge. Besides, it will include the opening of new land for agriculture and
provision that necessary with the infrastructure. This will help the farmers to get a new land
with a cheaper cost. In this integrated agricultural development project run with a project
management unit. It appointed by the Ministry of Agriculture. It to manages the plans,
implemented the projects and also to monitor all the projects will well-developed so that all
the rural sector and area will gain benefit from it.
Next, in Integrated Agricultural Development Project there is a complementary
program called Area Development. In chapter 7, Area Development is one of the project or
programmes to reduce the poverty and build up new environment society. From this
programme, it will make an employment opportunity through the new land development.
Besides, it will increase the providing of productivity of the rural people by provide with their
own land, water supply, credits, marketing arrangements, extension services and others. The
strategies in area development is the In-situ development. Based on chapter 7, In-situ
development is an approach to develop the undeveloped agricultural areas or less productivity
into a more productive in the farm. In-situ development focused on improving or increasing
productivity in rural areas or sector. This development strategies are including the land
consolidating, replanting and rehabilitating on agricultural that have poverty issues.
Also, in chapter 7 has stated about the rehabilitation of paddy sector. it is through the
group farming that called as Padi (rice) Mini Estate (PME). This paddy plantation sector has
carried out the drainage and irrigation schemes, replanting and others. It managed by the
government agency that cooperate with private sector. under this scheme, the farmers will
gain wages because of the group farming that they joint to share all benefits and costs
together. The farmers will reduce the percentage of the poverty in rural area or sector.
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4 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, as above statement it already shows how crucial the rural development in
the government. The government need to make a planning from scratch such the issues, the
solutions such policies and implementing the policies so that the rural will have a benefit and
will reduce the percentage of poverty community in Malaysia. The government of Malaysia
has implemented many policies and plans such National Agricultural Policy, New Economic
Policy and others in order to ensure that all rural sector will have a better productivity,
income and employment. Besides, this rural development model in Malaysia also shows that
all this can improve the social economic infrastructures. Also, they focused on reorganizing
and mobilizing institution to the rural sector. so, it will spelt-out the poverty reduce.
