Unbraced Column Verification Example

AISC Design Examples

AISC 13th Edition

ASDIP Steel is available for purchase online at www.asdipsoft.com

 H-9

Example H.4 W-Shape Subject to Combined Axial Compression and

Flexure

Given: Select an ASTM A992 W-shape with a 10 in. nominal depth to carry nominal axial compression
forces of 5 kips from dead load and 15 kips from live load. The unbraced length is 14 ft and the ends are
pinned. The member also has the following nominal required moment strengths, not including second-order
effects:

MxD = 15 kip-ft MxL = 45 kip-ft

MyD = 2 kip-ft MyL = 6 kip-ft

The member is not subject to sidesway.

Solution:

Material Properties:
ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi

Calculate the required strength, not considering second-order effects

LRFD ASD
Pu = 1.2(5.00 kips) + 1.6(15.0 kips) Pa = 5.00 kips + 15.0 kips
= 30.0 kips = 20.0 kips
Mux = 1.2(15.0 kip-ft) + 1.6(45.0 kip-ft) Max = 15.0 kip-ft + 45.0 kip-ft
= 90.0 kip-ft = 60.0 kip-ft
Muy = 1.2(2.00 kip-ft) + 1.6(6.00 kip-ft) May = 2.00 kip-ft + 6.00 kip-ft
= 12.0 kip-ft = 8.00 kip-ft

Try a W10×33

Geometric Properties:
W10×33 A = 9.71 in.2 Sx= 35.0 in.3 Zx = 38.8 in.3 Ix = 171 in.4 Manual
Sy= 9.20 in.3 Zy = 14.0 in.3 Iy = 36.6 in.4 Table 1-1
Lp = 6.85 ft Lr = 12.8 ft Table 3-1

Calculate the available axial strength

Commentary
For a pinned-pinned condition, K = 1.0. Table
C-C2.2
Since KLx = KLy = 14.0 ft and rx > ry, the y-y axis will govern.

LRFD ASD Manual

Pc = φcPn = 253 kips Pc = Pn/Ωc = 168 kips Table 4-1
 H-10

Calculate the required flexural strengths including second order amplification

Use “Amplified First-Order Elastic Analysis” procedure from Section C2.1b. Since the
member is not subject to sidesway, only P-δ amplifiers need to be added.

Cm
B1 = Eqn. C2-2
1 − αPr / Pe1

Cm = 1.0

X-X axis flexural magnifier

Pe1 =
π2 EI x
=
(
π2 ( 29,000 ksi ) 171in.4 ) = 1730 kips
Eqn. C2-5
( K1 Lx ) ( (1.0 )(14.0 ft )(12 in./ft ) )
2 2

LRFD ASD
α = 1.0 α = 1.6
1.0 1.0
B1 = = 1.02 B1 = = 1.02
1 − 1.0 ( 30.0 kips /1730 kips ) 1 − 1.6 ( 20.0 kips /1730 kips ) Eqn. C2-2

Mux = 1.02(90.0 kip-ft) = 91.8 kip-ft Max = 1.02(60.0 kip-ft) = 61.2 kip-ft

Y-Y axis flexural magnifier

Pe1 =
π2 EI y
=
(
π2 ( 29,000 ksi ) 36.6 in.4 ) = 371 kips Eqn. C2-5
( K1 Ly ) ( (1.0 )(14.0 ft )(12 in./ft ) )
2 2

LRFD ASD
α = 1.0 α = 1.6
1.0 1.0
B1 = = 1.09 B1 = = 1.09
1 − 1.0 ( 30.0 kips / 371kips ) 1 − 1.6 ( 20.0 kips / 371kips ) Eqn. C2-2

Muy = 1.09(12.0 kip-ft) = 13.1 kip-ft May = 1.09 (8.00 kip-ft) = 8.76 kip-ft

Calculate the nominal bending strength about the x-x axis

Yielding limit state

Mnx = Mp = FyZx = 50 ksi(38.8 in.3) = 1940 kip-in or 162 kip-ft Eqn. F2-1

Lateral-torsional buckling limit state

Since Lp < Lb < Lr, Equation F2-2 applies

From Manual Table 3-1, Cb = 1.14 Manual

Table 3-1
 H-11

⎡ ⎛ Lb - L p ⎞ ⎤
Mnx = Cb ⎢ M p - ( M p -0.7 Fy S x ) ⎜ ⎥ M Mp
⎜ L - L ⎟⎟ ⎥
Eqn. F2-2
⎢⎣ ⎝ r p ⎠⎦

⎡ ⎛ 14.0 ft - 6.85ft ⎞ ⎤
( (
Mnx = 1.14 ⎢1940 kip-in. - 1940 kip-in. - 0.7 ( 50 ksi ) 35.0 in.3 ⎜ )) ⎟⎥
⎝ 21.8 ft - 6.85ft ⎠ ⎦
⎣
= 1820 kip-in. M 1940 kip-in., therefore use:

Mnx = 1820 kip-in. or 152 kip-ft controls

Local buckling limit state

Per Manual Table 1-1, the member is compact for Fy = 50 ksi, so the local buckling limit state Manual
does not apply Table 1-1

Calculate the nominal bending strength about the y-y axis Section F6.2

Since a W10×33 has compact flanges, only the yielding limit state applies.

Mny = Mp = FyZy M 1.6FySy Eqn. F6-1

= 50 ksi(14.0 in.3) M 1.6(50 ksi)(9.20 in.3)
= 700 kip-in < 736 kip-in., therefore

Use Mny = 700 kip-in. or 58.3 kip-ft

LRFD ASD
φb = 0.90 Ωb = 1.67 Section F2
Mcx = φbMnx = 0.90(152 kip-ft) = 137 kip-ft Mcx = Mnx/Ωb = 152 kip-ft/1.67 = 91.0 kip-ft
Mcy = φbMny = 0.90(58.3 kip-ft) = 52.5 kip-ft Mcy = Mny/Ωb = 58.3 kip-ft/1.67 = 34.9 kip-ft

Check limit for Equation H1-1a

LRFD ASD
Pr P 30.0 kips Pr Pa 20.0 kips
= u = = 0.119, therefore, = = = 0.119, therefore Section H1.1
Pc φc Pn 253 kips Pc Pn / Ωc 168 kips
use Specification Equation H1.1b use Specification Equation H1.1b
Pr ⎛M M ⎞ Pr ⎛M M ⎞ Eqn. H1.1b
+ ⎜ rx + ry ⎟ M 1.0 + ⎜ rx + ry ⎟ M 1.0
2 Pc ⎜ M cy ⎟⎠ ⎜ M cy ⎟⎠
⎝ M cx 2 Pc ⎝ M cx
30.0 kips ⎛ 91.8 kip-ft 13.1 kip-ft ⎞ 20.0 kips ⎛ 61.2 kip-ft 8.76 kip-ft ⎞
+⎜ + ⎟ +⎜ + ⎟
2(253 kips) ⎝ 137 kip-ft 52.5 kip-ft ⎠ 2(168 kips) ⎝ 91.0 kip-ft 34.9 kip-ft ⎠

0.0593 + 0.920 = 0.979 M 1.0 o.k. 0.0595 + 0.924 = 0.983 M 1.0 o.k.
 Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 7/20/2014
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example
ASDIP Steel 3.2.5 STEEL COLUMN DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com

GEOMETRY PROPERTIES
Column Designation ........ W10X33 Area .. 9.7 in² Sx ... 35.0 in³
Steel Yield Strength Fy .... 50.0 ksi Depth 9.7 in Zx ... 38.8 in³
Modulus of Elasticity Es ... 29000 ksi bf ...... 8.0 in rx .... 4.19 in
Member Length L ............ 14.00 ft tw ..... 0.29 in Iy .... 36.6 in⁴
Effective Length Kx-factor 1.00 tf ....... 0.44 in Sy ... 9.2 in³
Effective Length Ky-factor 1.00 k des . 0.94 in Zy ... 14.0 in³
Unbraced Length Lb ........ 14.00 ft OK Ix ...... 171.0 in⁴ ry .... 1.94 in

SERVICE LOADS (ASD)

Loads from a 1st-Order Analysis to be Amplified (kip, k-ft)
Axial Moment X Moment Y X-X Y-Y
Total Axial in the Story .... 100 Story Shear ...... 300 300 kip
No Lateral Translation ..... 20.0 60.0 8.0 Interstory Drift .. 2.30 1.50 in
Lateral Translation Only .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 M1/M2 Ratio .... 1.00 1.00
Amplified Loads .............. 20.0 61.1 8.8 Cm-factor ......... 0.30 0.36

COMPRESSION
Slenderness Ratio Kx L / rx ...... 40.1
Slenderness Ratio Ky L / ry ...... 86.6
Max. Slenderness Ratio ............ 86.6 OK
Limit States Nominal Pn
Flexural Buckling 280.6 kip
Torsional Buckling 360.2 kip
Flexural-Torsional Buckling N.A. kip
Nominal Strength Pn ......... 280.6 kip
Safety Factor Ω ................ 1.67
Allowable Strength Pn/Ω .... 168.0 kip
P / Pn/Ω Design Ratio ............. 0.12 OK

BENDING ABOUT Y-Y

Limit States Nominal Mn
Yielding 58.3 k-ft
Lateral-Torsional Buckling N.A. k-ft
Flange Local Buckling N.A. k-ft
Web Local Buckling N.A. k-ft
Nominal Strength Mn ........ 58.3 k-ft
Safety Factor Ω ................ 1.67
Allowable Strength Mn/Ω ... 34.9 k-ft
M / Mn/Ω Design Ratio ........... 0.25 OK
1
 Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 7/20/2014
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example
ASDIP Steel 3.2.5 STEEL COLUMN DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com

BENDING ABOUT X-X

Moment at 1/4 point of Lb ... 46.0 k-ft
Moment at 1/2 point of Lb ... 60.0 k-ft
Moment at 3/4 point of Lb ... 46.0 k-ft
L. T. Buckling Cb-factor ....... 1.14
Limit States Nominal Mn
Yielding 161.7 k-ft
Lateral-Torsional Buckling 152.2 k-ft
Flange Local Buckling N.A. k-ft
Web Local Buckling N.A. k-ft
Nominal Strength Mn ........ 152.2 k-ft
Safety Factor Ω ................ 1.67
Allowable Strength Mn/Ω ... 91.1 k-ft
M / Mn/Ω Design Ratio ........... 0.67 OK

COMBINED FORCES
AISC Equation {H1-1a) ........... N.A.
AISC Equation {H1-1b) ........... 0.98 OK

LOCAL BUCKLING
Flanges in Flexure ................ Compact
Flanges in Compression ....... Non-slender
Web in Flexure .................... Compact
Web in Compression ............ Non-slender

2
 Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 7/20/2014
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example
ASDIP Steel 3.2.5 STEEL COLUMN DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com

Column Designation ............ W10X33 Area .. 9.7 in² Sx ... 35.0 in³
Steel Yield Strength Fy ...... 50.0 ksi Depth 9.7 in Zx ... 38.8 in³
Modulus of Elasticity Es ..... 29000 ksi bf ...... 8.0 in rx .... 4.19 in
Member Length L ............... 14.00 ft tw ..... 0.29 in Iy .... 36.6 in⁴
Effective Length Kx-factor .. 1.00 tf ....... 0.44 in Sy ... 9.2 in³
Effective Length Ky-factor .. 1.00 k des . 0.94 in Zy ... 14.0 in³
Unbraced Length Lb ........... 14.00 ft OK Ix ...... 171.0 in⁴ ry .... 1.94 in

Axial Moment X Moment Y X-X Y-Y

Total Axial in the Story ...... 100 Story Shear ........ 300 300 kip
No Lateral Translation ....... 20.0 60.0 8.0 Interstory Drift .... 2.30 1.50 in
Lateral Translation Only .... 0.0 0.0 0.0 M1/M2 Ratio ...... 1.00 1.00
Amplified Loads ................. 20.0 61.1 8.8 Cm-factor ........... 0.30 0.36

Slender unstiffened Qs = 1.00 , Slender stiffened Qa = 1.00 , Q = Qs * Qa = 1.00 AISC E7

Slenderness ratio 1.00 * 14.00 / 4.19 = 40.1
Slenderness ratio 1.00 * 14.00 / 1.94 = 86.6
Maximum slenderness ratio = Max (40.1, 86.6) = 86.6 AISC E3
3.14² * 29000
Elastic buckling = 38.2 ksi AISC Eq. E3-4
86.6²
(38.2 >= 0.44 * 1.00 * 50.0 = 22.0)
Flexural buckling stress AISC Eq. E3-2
Fcr = 1.00 * 50.0 * (0.658) = 28.9 ksi

AISC Eq. E4-4

π² * 29000 * 791.0 1
=[ + 11200 * 0.6 ] = 70.1 ksi
(1.00 * 14.0 * 12)² 171.0 + 36.6

(70.1 >= 0.44 * 1.00 * 50.0 = 22.0)

Torsional buckling AISC Eq. E3-2
Fcr = 1.00 * 50.0 * (0.658) = 37.1 ksi
Compressive strength 28.9 * 9.7 = 280.6 kip AISC Eq. E3-1
Controlling limit state: Flexural Buckling
20.0
Compressive design ratio = = = 0.12 < 1.0 OK AISC E1
280.6 / 1.67

1
 Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 7/20/2014
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example
ASDIP Steel 3.2.5 STEEL COLUMN DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com

AISC Eq F1-1
= 12.5 * 61.1 * 1.0 / (2.5 * 61.1 + 3 * 46.0 + 4 * 60.0 + 3 * 46.0 = 1.14

Plastic moment 50.0 * 38.8 = 1940.0 k-in AISC Eq. F2-1

Nominal strength 1940.0 / 12 = 161.7 k-ft

= Lp = 82.2 in AISC Eq. F2-5

= rts = 2.2 in AISC Eq. F2-7

9.7 - 0.4 = 9.3 in

c = 1.0 (doubly symmetric I-shape) AISC Eq. F2-8a

AISC Eq. F2-6

= Lr = 261.9 in

AISC Eq. F2-4

1.14 * π² * 29000.0
= Fcr = 75.8 ksi

Nominal strength AISC Eq. F2-2

Mnx = 1.14 * [1940.0 - (1940.0 - 0.7 * 50.0 * 35.0)(14.0 * 12 - 82.2) / (261.9 - 82.2)] / 12 = 152.2 k-ft

X - Controlling limit state: Lateral-Torsional Buckling

61.1
X - Flexural design ratio = = = 0.67 < 1.0 OK AISC F1
152.2 / 1.67

Min (50.0 * 14.0, 1.6 * 50.0 * 9.2) = 700.0 k-in

Nominal strength 700.0 / 12 = 58.3 k-ft AISC Eq. F6-1

Nominal strength (compact flanges)

Y - Controlling limit state: Yielding

8.8
Y - Flexural design ratio = = = 0.25 < 1.0 OK AISC F1
58.3 / 1.67

2
 Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 7/20/2014
Descrip: Unbraced Column Example
ASDIP Steel 3.2.5 STEEL COLUMN DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com

280.6
Allowable axial strength = = 168.0 kip AISC E1
1.67

152.2
Allowable flexural strength = = 91.1 kip AISC F1
1.67
58.3
Allowable flexural strength = = 34.9 kip AISC F1
1.67

Combined forces ratio = + [ + ] AISC Eq. H1-1b

20.0 61.1 8.8

= + [ + ] = 0.98 < 1.0 OK
2 * 168.0 91.1 34.9