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Lecture4 PDF

This document discusses control flow and iterative constructs in C programming. It explains sequential execution, decision making using if/else and switch statements, and repetition using for, while, and do-while loops. Examples are provided to demonstrate if/else, switch, and the different loop constructs. Nested for loops are also discussed with examples to print patterns of stars.

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Yanis Kemoun
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36 views

Lecture4 PDF

This document discusses control flow and iterative constructs in C programming. It explains sequential execution, decision making using if/else and switch statements, and repetition using for, while, and do-while loops. Examples are provided to demonstrate if/else, switch, and the different loop constructs. Nested for loops are also discussed with examples to print patterns of stars.

Uploaded by

Yanis Kemoun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming In C

Part IV
Control and Iterative Constructs
Flow of Control In C
• Sequential: Sequential execution of code statements (one
line after another)
• Decision: used for decisions, branching -- choosing between
2 or more alternative paths. In C, these are the types of
selection statements:
o if
o if/else
o switch
• Repetition: used for looping, i.e. repeating a piece of code
multiple times in a row. In C, there are three types of loops:
o for
o while
o do/while
Decision with If
if (expresion){
statements
}
Decision with If-Else
if (expresion){
statements
}
else{
statements
}
Example 1
/*Compare two integers in C*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a, b;
printf("Enter value for A :");
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("Enter value for B :");
scanf("%d", &b);
if(a > b)
printf("a is greater than b");
else
printf("a is not greater than b");
return 0;
}
Example 2
/*Compare three integers in C*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter value for A :");
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("Enter value for B :");
scanf("%d", &b);
printf("Enter value for C :");
scanf("%d", &c);

if (a>b) {
if(a>c)
printf(“a is greater than b and c”);
else
printf(“c is greater than a and b”);
}
else {
if(b>c)
printf("b is greater than a and c “);
else
printf(“c is greater than a and b “);
}

return 0;
}
Decision with switch (multiple-selection)
switch (integer expression) {
case constant 1:
statements;
break;
case constant 2:
statements;
break;
.
.
.
case constant n:
statements;
break;
default:
statements;
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main( ) {
Example 3
int a, b, c, choice;
printf("Enter two numbers\n");
scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
printf("Enter your choice: 1 for addition and 2 for subtraction\n");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch(choice) {
case 1:
c = a + b;
printf("the sum is %d", c);
break;
case 2:
c = a - b;
printf("the sub is %d", c);
break;
default:
printf("you have passed a wrong key");
}
return 0;
}
Iterative constructs
looping
1. for
2. while
3. do/while
for loop
• This is one of the most frequently used loop in C
programming.
• Syntax of for loop:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement) {
statements;
}
for loop - Example
/*Program to print first 10 natural
numbers*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int x;

for(x = 1; x <= 10; x++) {


printf("%d\n", x);
}

return 0;
}
Nested for loop
Syntax:
for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement) {
for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement) {
statements ;
}
}
Nested for loop – Example 1
/*Program to print square of stars*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int i, j;
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("\n");
for(j = 0; j <5; j++) {
printf("*"); Output:
} *****
} *****
return 0; *****
} *****
*****
Nested for loop – Example 2
/*Program to print half pyramid of stars*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int i, j;
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("\n");
for(j = 0; j <=i; j++) {
printf("*"); Output:
} *
} **
return 0; ***
} ****
*****
while loop
• Syntax:
while (condition) {
statements;
}
while loop - Example
/*Program to print first 10 natural
numbers*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int x;
x = 1;
while(x <= 10) {
printf("%d\n", x);
x++;
}
return 0;
}
do-while loop
• Syntax:
do {
statements;
} while (condition)
do-while loop -Example
/*Program to print first 10 multiples
of 5*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int a, i;
a = 5; i = 1;
do {
printf("%d\t", a*i);
i++;
} while(i <= 10);
return 0;
}

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