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3.1 Sequences and Series

This document discusses sequences and series. It defines sequences and series, and describes arithmetic and geometric sequences and series. It provides formulas for the nth term and sum of terms for arithmetic and geometric sequences and series. Examples are given to illustrate finding the nth term, common differences or ratios, and sums of arithmetic and geometric series. Key terms like common difference and common ratio are also defined.

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jokydin92
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1K views

3.1 Sequences and Series

This document discusses sequences and series. It defines sequences and series, and describes arithmetic and geometric sequences and series. It provides formulas for the nth term and sum of terms for arithmetic and geometric sequences and series. Examples are given to illustrate finding the nth term, common differences or ratios, and sums of arithmetic and geometric series. Key terms like common difference and common ratio are also defined.

Uploaded by

jokydin92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3: Sequences and Series

3.1 Sequences and series

Prepared by: kwkang


Learning Outcomes
(a) Write th term of simple sequences and
series.
(b) Find the th term of arithmetic sequence
and series, use the sum
formula, and .
(c) Find the th term of geometric sequences
and series, and use the sum
formula, for .
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding
Sequences and series
Sequences
 A sequence is a set of numbers occurring in a definite order.
The numbers are produced according to a particular rule.
Example: (i) (finite sequence)
(ii) (infinite sequence)
 Each member of a sequence is called a term.
Series
 A series is the sum of the terms of a sequence.
Example: (i) (finite series)
(ii) (infinite series)

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering


Example
th term of simple sequences

Example 1: Write the general term for the finite sequence.

Solution:

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Arithmetic Series

where is the first term and is common difference

th term of an arithmetic sequence

Sum to term of an arithmetic sequence

or

where is the last term.


kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering
Example
1. Find the th term of the arithmetic sequence

2. The 3rd term of an arithmetic sequence is 16 and


the 13th term is 46. Find the first term and the
common difference.
3. The 7th term of an arithmetic sequence is five
times the second term. The two terms differ by
20. Find the first term and the common
difference.
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding
Example
4. Find the sum of the arithmetic series.

5. Given that the 1st and 18th terms of an arithmetic


progression are 2 and 53 respectively, find the
90th term and the sum of the first 50 terms.
6. How many terms of the arithmetic series
required to make a sum of
210?
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding
Solution
1.
Using the nth term formula.

2.
Using the nth term formula.
………. (1)
………. (2)

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (continue…)
From

Therefore the first term is 10 and the common difference is 3.


3.
Substitute into (1):
………. (1)

Therefore the first term is 1 and


the common difference is 4.
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding
Solution (continue…)
4. Let
Using the nth term formula.

Using the sum formula.

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (continue…)
5. Given
Using the nth term formula.

Then

Using the sum formula.

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (continue…)
6. Given
Using the sum formula.

Expanding and rearranging RHS=0.


Factorizing quadratic equation.

represents the number of terms, so it should


be a natural number. Therefore

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Geometric Series

where is the first term and is common ratio.

th term of an geometric sequence

Sum to term of a geometric progression

where

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering


Example
1. Write down the th term of the geometric
sequence .
2. Find the first term and common ratio of a
geometric sequence, given that the sixth
term is 486 and the third term is 18.
3. Find the numbers of terms in the geometric
sequence 1, 2, 4, 8,……

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Example
4. Find the sum of the first nine terms of the
geometric sequence
5. Find the sum of the first twelve terms of a
geometric sequence that has a first term of
and an 8th term of 243.
3. How many terms of sequence 1, 2, 4, 8,…… are
required to give a sum of 16383?

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution
1.
Using the nth term formula.

2. ………. (1)
Using the nth term formula.
………. (2)
From (2): when ,

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (Continue…)
3.
Using the nth term formula.

Taking logarithms of both


sides of the equation.

So, the sequence has 18 terms.


kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding
Solution (Continue…)
4.
Using the sum to nth term formula.

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (Continue…)
5. Using the sum to nth term
formula,
Using the nth term formula,

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Solution (Continue…)
6. Taking logarithms of both
sides of the equation,
Using the sum to nth term
formula,

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Understanding


Self-check
(1) Find the th term of the following
sequences.
(a) (b)
(2) Write down the th term of .

(3) The 4th term of an arithmetic sequence is -5


and the 15th term is -49. Find the first term
and the common difference.
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Applying
Self-check
(4) The 9th term of an arithmetic sequence is six
times the fourth term. The two terms differ
by 25. Find the first term and the common
difference.
(5) Find the sum of .
(6) Given that the 2nd and 20th terms of an
arithmetic progression are -5 and -41
respectively, find the 80th term and the sum
of the first 40 terms.
Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Self-check
(7) How many terms of the arithmetic series
required to make a sum of
3080?
(8) Write down the th term of .
(9) In a geometric sequence with positive terms,
the third term is and the seventh term is .
Find the first term and the common ratio.

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Self-check
(10) Find the number of terms in the geometric
sequence .
(11) Find the sum of the first eleven terms of
.
(12) Find the sum of the first nine terms of a
geometric sequence that has a fourth term
of and a seventh term of .

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Self-check
(13) How many terms of the sequence
are required to give a sum of
.

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Answer Self-check
(1) (a) (b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) 665
(6) ,
(7) 55

Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
Answer Self-check
(8)
(9)
(10) 7
(11) 6141
(12)
(13)
Bloom: Applying
kwkang@KMK
HOTS
Question:
The sum of three numbers in a particular
arithmetic sequence is 3 and their product is
-15. Then, find the numbers that satisfied the
sequence.

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Analyzing


HOTS
Solution:
Let the sequence represented by
So, we write
….(1) Rearranging equation

The sum of 3 numbers,


….(2)

The product of 3 numbers,


….(3)
kwkang@KMK Bloom: Analyzing
HOTS
From (2): ….(4) Rearranging equation

Substitute (1) into (4):

Substitute into (2) & (4):

….(5) Rearranging equation


….(6)

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Analyzing


HOTS
Substitute (5) into (6):

or
From (5):

Therefore, the sequence could be either


or .

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Analyzing


Summary

Sequences and Series

Arithmetic series Geometric series

kwkang@KMK Bloom: Remembering


Key Terms
• Sequences
• Series
• Arithmetic series
• Geometric series
• Common difference
• Common ratio

kwkang@KMK

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