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Structural Analysis Notes PDF

This document summarizes the slope deflection method for analyzing frames. It discusses sway and non-sway frames. For non-sway frames, the joint rotations are related through slope-deflection equations and moment equilibrium equations. Examples show how to set up and solve these equations to determine internal moments. For sway frames, horizontal displacement must also be considered. Additional equilibrium equations for horizontal and moment forces are included. More examples demonstrate solving for internal moments in sway frames using this method.

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213 views

Structural Analysis Notes PDF

This document summarizes the slope deflection method for analyzing frames. It discusses sway and non-sway frames. For non-sway frames, the joint rotations are related through slope-deflection equations and moment equilibrium equations. Examples show how to set up and solve these equations to determine internal moments. For sway frames, horizontal displacement must also be considered. Additional equilibrium equations for horizontal and moment forces are included. More examples demonstrate solving for internal moments in sway frames using this method.

Uploaded by

sarre mamoudou
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE215

Structural Analysis
Dr. Muhammad Fahim
[email protected]
Week 13
Slope Deflection Method
for Frames
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Sway Frames
3. Non sway Frames
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Sidesway Prohibited
• A frame will not sidesway, or be displaced to the left or right, provided it is properly
restrained. Examples are shown in Fig. 11–14.
1. Introduction
Sidesway Prohibited
• Also, no sidesway will occur in an unrestrained frame provided it is symmetric with respect
to both loading and geometry, as shown in Fig. 11–15.

• For both cases the term Ψ in the slope-deflection equations is equal to zero, since bending
does not cause the joints to have a linear displacement.
1. Introduction
Sidesway Permitted
• A frame will sidesway, or be displaced to the side, when it or
the loading acting on it is nonsymmetric.
• The loading P causes unequal moments MBC and MCB at the
joints B and C, respectively.
• MBC tends to displace joint B to the right, whereas MCB tends
to displace joint C to the left.
• Since MBC is larger than MCB the net result is a sidesway Δ of
both joints B and C to the right, as shown in the figure.
1. Introduction
Sidesway Permitted
• When applying the slope-deflection equation to each column of this frame, we must
therefore consider the column rotation Ψ (since Ψ = Δ/L ) as unknown in the equation.
• As a result an extra equilibrium equation must be included for the solution.
• In the previous sections it was shown that unknown angular displacements  were related
by joint moment equilibrium equations. In a similar manner, when unknown joint linear
displacements Δ (or span rotations Ψ ) occur, we must write force equilibrium equations in
order to obtain the complete solution.
• The unknowns in these equations, however, must only involve the internal moments acting
at the ends of the columns, since the slope deflection equations involve these moments.
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 01
• Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in Fig. 11–16a. EI is constant.
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 01: Fixed End Moments
• From the table on the inside back cover, the FEMs for BC are:
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 01: Slope Deflection Equations
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 01: Slope Deflection Equations
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 01: Slope Deflection Equations
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 01: Equilibrium Equations
The remaining two equilibrium equations come from moment equilibrium at joints B and C,
Fig. 11–16b. We have
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 01: Joint Rotations
• Substituting in equilibrium equations:
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 01
• Substituting the theta values in slope deflection equations:
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 02
• Determine the internal moments at each joint of the frame shown in Fig. 11–17a. The
moment of inertia for each member is given in the figure. Take E = 29(103) ksi.
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 02: Fixed End Moments
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 02: Slope Deflection Equations
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 02: Slope Deflection Equations
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 02: Equilibrium Equations
• These six equations contain eight unknowns. Two moment equilibrium equations can be
written for joints B and C, Fig. 11–17b. We have
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 02: Joint Rotations
• In order to solve, substitute Eqs. (2) and (3) into Eq. (7), and Eqs. (4)–(6) into Eq. (8). This
gives
2. Frame Examples: No Sidesway
Example 02: End Moments
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 01
• Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in Fig. 11–19a. EI is constant.
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 01: Fixed End Moments
• Here the load is applied directly to joint B and therefore
no FEMs act at the joints.
• As shown in Fig. 11–19a, both joints B and C are assumed
to be displaced an equal amount Δ.

• Both terms are positive since the cords of members AB


and CD “rotate” clockwise.
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 01: Slope Deflection Equations
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 01: Moment Equilibrium Equations
• The six equations contain nine unknowns. Two moment equilibrium equations for joints B
and C, Fig. 11–19b, can be written, namely,
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 01: Horizontal Force Equilibrium
• Since a horizontal displacement Δ occurs, we will consider summing forces on the entire
frame in the x direction.
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 01: Joint Rotations and Deflection

• Substitute moment values in the equilibrium equations:


3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 01: End Moments
• Substitute values in slope deflection equations:
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 02
• Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in Fig. 11–20a. The supports at A
and D are fixed and joint C is assumed pin connected. EI is constant for each member.
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 02: Fixed End Moments
• The load is applied at the joint so there are no fixed end moments.
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 02: Slope Deflection Equations
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 02: Equilibrium Equations
• Moment equilibrium of joint B, Fig. 11–20c, requires
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 02: Equilibrium Equations
• If forces are summed for the entire frame in the horizontal direction, we have

• As shown on the free-body diagram of each column, Fig. 11–20d, we have


3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 02: Joint Rotations
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 02: End Moments
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 02: End Reactions
• Using these results, the end reactions on each member can be determined from the
equations of equilibrium, Fig. 11–20e.
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 02: Bending Moment Diagram
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 03
• Explain how the moments in each joint of the two-story frame shown in Fig. 11–21a are
determined. EI is constant.
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 03: Fixed End Moment
• No fixed moments
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 03: Slope Deflection Equations
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 03: Slope Deflection Equations
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 03: Equilibrium Equations
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 03: Equilibrium Equations
• The shear at the base of all the columns for any story must
balance the applied horizontal loads, Fig. 11–21c.
3. Sidesway Frame Examples
Example 03:
Assignment No. 6
Assignment No. 6
Problem 01
• Determine the moments at each joint and support of the battered-column frame. The joints
and supports are fixed connected. EI is constant.
The End
51

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