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Smart Solid Waste Management System

Conference Paper · November 2018

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 Smart Solid Waste Management System
Nida Nasee1 ,Amina Shokat2, Gulzareen Afza3, Noman Mazhr4
1
Department of Information Technology, University of Gujrat
2
Department of Information Technology, University of Gujrat
3
epartment of Information Technology, University of Gujrat
4
Lecturer, Department of Information Technology , University of Gujrat
4
[email protected]
1
[email protected]
2
[email protected]
3
[email protected]
Abstract

Overflow litter bins are going to be the major countries who are critically suffering from
issue in Pakistan that causes unhygienic this issue.2016’s survey of world health
environment. It is the major cause of organization (WHO), pronounced that 90% of
spreading disease. People breathing in world population lives in the areas which are
polluted air of Pakistan have to face this deprecated of safety limits. Studies exposed
critical situation until we find proper solution that 92% of the world`s population is bounded
for this issue. This paper is going to to breathe in a contaminated circumstance.
implement a smart litterbin that helps to [9]. There are several contaminants that are
overcome an enormous heap of garbage. causing this unhygienic environment, one
Arduino UNO based platform is used to from those is garbage heaps and that is our
implement this project. Different sensors are major concern of this research.
used to detect the density of a litter bin and a
World economic forum (WEF) encountered
servo motor that enables its lid to open up. An
all the polluted countries in which the
LED lights up and a buzzer rings when a litter
Pakistan is at 20th rank [10]. Lahore generated
bin fills up. Its Wi-Fi module helps to send
total of 5000 tons of solid waste on daily
big data over the cloud and informs the
basis. 70% of this waste is collected and
associated garbage collector to clean up this
disposed to dump sites. Such type of waste
overflow bin.
disposal causes serious impacts and the
Its future vision shows that if this project is remaining 30% of waste is left uncollected.
implemented on a country level, it will help to This uncollected waste in living areas pollutes
avoid this polluted issue. It will help to reduce the air in which people are breathing and it
garbage heaps and to overcome the diseases becomes the cause of diseases and unhealthy
circumstances. There is a same situation in
Key words : IOT, smart garbage collection,
Gujranwala, having population of 1.133
Arduino
million and generates waste of 500 tons/day
Introduction: [12]. Along with Punjab, the other provinces
of Pakistan also have the same issue of
Cleanliness is half of faith but despite of it we overflowing rubbish bins.
still see a lot of garbage around us. Due to this
our litterbins overflow. These litterbins So, in Pakistan being an under developed
become major causes of unhygienic problems country, it’s going to be a serious issue in
and as a result of it bad smell spread out coming years. So this is going to be basic
everywhere. Pakistan is also one of those need of Pakistan to properly manage waste
material for a healthy and hygienic system named as Smart Garbage Management
environment. System. In this system Infrared Sensors are
used for garbage detection.
For this purpose, we need a Smart Garbage
Can, which has a smart lid that opens up Sensors usedinabove project are not reliable
every time it detects waste on the upper side due to their varying values. So, overcome this
of lid. It also detects the level of garbage problem we use ultrasonic sensors in
periodically. Once the intimated level project.[5] one more way out to overflowing
reaches, it buzzers which informs the user that dustbins is proposed that a Camera will be
the Garbage can has been full and it needs to mounted at each garbage bin which takes
be squashed. It also has an LED which lights constant photographs of the garbage. Also
up on the filling of Can. load cell sensor is attached at the bottom of
trash can which measures the load of garbage
A Smart Garbage Can is implemented on a
in a bin. At a particular level microcontroller
microcontroller based platform Arduino Uno.
compared the output of camera and load
Arduino UNO board is interfaced with Wi-Fi
sensor. As a result, it identified the weight of
modem and Ultrasonic sensor. The control
garbage. The obtained result is processed and
unit in this project is Arduino which will
analysed accordingly to check whether the
receive output signals of sensors, process it
edge level is reached or not. This is so
and communicate the results to the user,
unreliable
monitoring the garbage can. At the top of
dustbin Ultrasonic sensor is attached to [3]. Garbage Management Using Internet of
measure the stature of the dustbin. A buzzer Things for Smart Cities is recent novel
and an LED are mounted on the garbage can approach in which GUI is used. It is designed
that lights up when the level of garbage to monitor the anticipated information related
collected crosses the set limit. So, it can be an to the garbage bin for various selected
efficient method to monitor the waste on the locations, compared them and processed their
public places as well as at a domestic level. information.
Once this project is implemented on a large The authors gives the solution to our problem
scale, by replacing our traditional Dustbins in the form of smart bin [4]. Smart bin
present today, waste can be managed consists of container which is divided into
efficiently as it avoids unnecessary lumping three levels. Garbage is collected on the basis
of wastes on roadsides. of these levels. Ultrasonic sensors sensed the
level of dustbin when it is filled up. Every
Background:
time when the garbage is filled up to certain
[1] City Garbage collection indicator is a level, the sensors receive the data and direct it
project in which RF(Zigbee) and GSM to the garbage analyser through GSM.
(Global System for Mobile
An IOT based online garbage monitoring
communications) technology is used. It
(OGMS)system is proposed to manage the
produces an indication through short
waste materials like food, plastics etc [6].This
messaging service and informs the concerned
system works online through using wireless
authority. Requirements of module used for
networks systems and collect and analyse the
transferring message on the other side are
data for further processing.
focused.
[2] Vikrant Bhor, PankajMorahkar,
MaheshwarGurav, Dishant Pandya proposed a Problem Statement:
For the world solid waste is the stern issue.  Ultrasonic sensor
It’s a need of every country to deal with  Wifi- Module
garbage in daily routines. Some countries will  Solar panel
be succeeding in overcome the garbage issue  Website
but still they have to manage overflow bins.
Despite these efforts still maximum
population is breathing in filthy and diseases’
environment. People just clean up their homes
and do not put any attention to their Components Description
environment. That is reason for our
Ultrasonic Is a device that is used for
environment contamination
Sensor measuring the distance to an
In Pakistan as an under developed country object by using the sound
there are not enough litter bins equally waves.it measures the
distributed to required areas. The areas having frequency in specific range
litterbins are also problematic as they are 4cm to 400cm and listening
overflowing. Location leaders are not well for that sound wave to
aware to their duties assigned to them bounce back
regarding the safety of environment. They
Note: Ultrasonic Sensor can
have not proper information about the garbage
be affected by temperature,
from where it comes and how to reduce it
humidity the air
[8].In other side we see people are being lazy
to throw waste materials in litters Buzzer 5V Module has audio
signalling device that is
Due to solid waste heaps diseases like typhoid
typical use for alarm device
malaria,
gastrointestinal, stomach pain, vomiting, Led Is a low energy consumption
cancer, neurological disease, cholera, skin tool it is monochromatic,
diseases, and respiratory allergies are basic occurring at a single
concerns of inhabitants of that area [14]. For wavelength?
the security of the future of human lives,
garbage build ups should be removed. For this Wi-Fi chip Popular wireless networking
a complete system is required. technology usually uses
radio waves to provide
Per the UN, between now and 2025, it is network connection. It has
expected the increase of 20% in world self-contained SOC with
population growth and with this calculation it TCP/IP integration to access
will be up to 8 billion inhabitants (from 6.5 any given microcontroller.
today). According to 2017 population census,
As the population increase, the problem of Breadboard Is a solder less device that is
trash is also increases along with the used for temporary testing
responsibilities towards waste management. the electronic circuit designs
Proper management of waste materials is components in breadboard
required to maintain healthy and hygienic can be connected each other
environment. by inserting the terminal
leads into the holes
Proposal Components:
Servo Motor Linear actuator that controls
 Arduino UNO
 the angular position, velocity It gets the data from the sensor A and
& acceleration it coupled transmitted to the website.
with sensor for position
Website:
feedback
Website is the main view of project that helps
to maintain the proper goal of our project.
Some experiments are performed over That is used for displaying the current
different items to prove its value.The itemsare conditions of litterbins and also includes map
scanned by Radiations and results are features for alerting the management system
obtained. Objects which reflect the radiations about litterbins when stature limits near to
cannot be detected; due to this reason exceed. This alert will transfer to the works
perfection is minimal. through sending the message on their cell
phones with exact location of the fill up bins
Arduino UNO: via google maps.
For implementation of our idea about garbage Solar Panel:
monitoring system we are using Arduino
platform that is microcontroller based system. For power up the Arduino UNO we takes the
In which we use the Arduino UNO board with solar panel which converts the solar light into
specific interface with Wi-Fi-module the voltages. To provide the current to the
ESP8266, Analogue servo motor, Buzzers, Arduino Uno 24/7.Wodden box will be used
LED’s, Ultrasonic sensors and also use power outside the bins for placing it’s all the wires
supply battery for its working it requires inside it.
maximum 5V for this.
LED’s
Ultrasonic Sensors:
LED’s are used to show the current
Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect some conditions of litterbins. Some LED’s are used
waves that happens near to it and generate in this project RED LEDS’s represents the
output. In which we are using two ultrasonic over stature of the bins and GREEN LED’s
sensors. Sensor A and Sensor B the location represents normal condition of the bins.
of sensor A place at top inside the litterbin for
Buzzer:
measuring the stature in dustbin. While at the
front side sensor B is placed on the dustbin. Buzzer are used for alarming situation when
Senor A collects the data and transmitted to the bins are overloaded it will be works to
the Wi-Fi module. The maximum capacity of alert the management.
sensor to detect the waves is from 4cm-
Methodology:
400cm.
GCMS is used to resolve this issue because it
Servo Motor:
contains smart lid litterbins that becomes
Servo motor is used to perform the some active whenever it observe the human
functionality in opening and closing lid of movement coming nearer to it. Type of
dust bin. It is placed inside the lid. It rotates sensors like ultrasonic sensors used in
when the sensor B having some waves near to litterbins observes the garbage level and
it. continuously monitoring it. Whenever it
reaches the limit, alerts used in website
Wi-Fi Module:
transfer this message to upper management
and duty workers about the garbage level and
asked them to squash. LED’s becomes building a smart country. Cleansing of
enlighten and buzzer starts its buzzer litterbins is assured as soon as Possible. This
whenever level of garbage becomes high and will reduce fuel consumption as it reduces the
there is an adequate need of disposal of that trips to the garbage can. This smart litter bin
bin. This LED’s enlightening idea becomes is designed to ensure its Durability,
helpful for the night shift worker so that they affordability, prevention against damage and
become aware of the situation related to bin maintenance. Before implementing this
due to bright led light. project on a large scale in an under developed
countries like Pakistan, we need to create
Performance Analysis:
awareness in people regarding its usage
To make this proposal valuable, some otherwise the sensitive sensors and other
electronic component will be damaged due to
Experiments are conducted using different its rough use. We need to be a bit more
items. careful regarding its usage.
For generating the results radiation are used This IOT based concept with electronic
to scan the items. But there is an issue when devices is going to be a great service to
we generating results using radiations some Pakistan as well as towards the whole world.
objects cannot be detected like glass and
liquid reflects the rays of radiations. That’s References:
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