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Chapter 4 System Analysis and Design (SAD) Note

The document discusses various topics related to systems analysis including: 1. Modeling techniques used in systems analysis such as requirements modeling, data and process modeling, and object modeling. 2. Development methods like joint application development (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), and agile methods. 3. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) and examples of UML diagrams.

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Aden Kheire Mohamed
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1K views6 pages

Chapter 4 System Analysis and Design (SAD) Note

The document discusses various topics related to systems analysis including: 1. Modeling techniques used in systems analysis such as requirements modeling, data and process modeling, and object modeling. 2. Development methods like joint application development (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), and agile methods. 3. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) and examples of UML diagrams.

Uploaded by

Aden Kheire Mohamed
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Describe systems analysis phase activities?

 Requirements modeling: describes requirements modeling, which involves fact-


finding to describe the current system and identification of the requirements for the
new system, such as outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and security.

 Data and Process Modeling: you will continue the modeling process by
learning how to represent graphically system data and processes using
traditional structured analysis techniques.

 Object modeling: which is another popular modeling technique. object-


oriented analysis combines data and the processes that act on the data
into things called objects. These objects represent actual people, things,
transactions, and events that affect the system.

 Development Strategies: you will consider various development options


and prepare for the transition to the systems design phase of the SDLC.
You will learn about software trends, acquisition and development
alternatives, outsourcing, and formally documenting requirements for the
new system.

2. Explain joint application development (JAD), rapid application


development (RAD), and agile methods?
 JAD is a popular fact-finding technique that brings users into the
development process as active participants. the objective is to analyze the
existing system, obtain user expectations, and document user
requirements for the new system.

 RAD is a team-based technique that speeds up information systems


development and produces a functioning information system. RAD uses a
group approach, but goes much further.
 Agile methods attempt to develop a system incrementally, by building a
series of prototypes and constantly adjusting them to user requirements.

3. Describe the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and examples of UML


diagrams?
 (UML) is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting
software systems design. UML uses object-oriented design concepts, but
it is independent of any specific programming language and can be used
to describe business processes and requirements generally.
Examples of UML diagrams: USE case diagrams and sequence diagrams.

4. List and describe system requirements, including outputs, inputs,


processes, performance, and controls?
 Outputs refer to electronic or printed information produced by the
system.
 Inputs refer to necessary data that enters the system, either manually or
in an automated manner.
 Processes refer to the logical rules that are applied to transform the data
into meaningful information.
 Performance refers to system characteristics such as speed, volume,
capacity, availability, and reliability.
 Security refers to hardware, software, and procedural controls that
safeguard and protect the system and its data from internal or external
threats.

5. What is a systems requirement, and how are systems requirements


classified?
 A system requirement is a characteristic that must be included into the
system as it is being developed to satisfy all business requirements so it
can satisfy the end user. 
They can be categorized into outputs, inputs, processes, performance and
security.
6. What are JAD and RAD, and how do they differ from traditional fact-finding
methods?
JAD - this is a popular fact finding technique that brings users into the
development process as active participants. 

RAD - this is a team based technique that speeds up information systems


development and produces a functioning information system.
The primary advantage is that the systems can be developed more quickly
with the significant cost savings.

7. What is total cost of ownership (TCO)? What costs often are


underestimated?
= TCO is where system developers must identify and document indirect expenses
that contribute the total cost of a system. Indirect costs are underestimated.

8. Provide three examples each of closed-ended, open-ended, and range-of-


response questions?

Close-ended: limit or restrict the response.


Example: How many computers do you have in this department?
How many hours of training does a clerk receive?
How many customers ordered products from the website last month?

 Open-ended: encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses.


Example: How is the task performed?
What are the users saying about the system?
How are the checks reconciled?

Range of response: are close ended questions that ask the person to
evaluate something by providing limited answers to a specific response
on a numeric scale.
Example: How would you rate the company's security system? On a
scale of 1 to 10 how effective was your training?
9. What are three types of sampling? Which one would you use to analyze
data input errors?

Systematic - selects every tenth person for evaluation.


Random - this is done randomly.
Stratified - select five customers from each four postal codes.

10.What is a functional decomposition diagram (FDD) and why would you use
one?

FDD: is a top down representation of a function or process. You would use


one when you are at several stages of the development process.

11.What are agile methods? Are they better than traditional methods? Why
are why not?
 Agile method - attempt to develop a system incrementally, by building a
series of prototypes and constantly adjusting them to user requirements.
Yes they are better than traditional methods because they are for planning
and development as well as deliver and improvement of a system.

12.What is business process model (BPM)?


= BPM: describes one or more business processes, such as handling an airline
reservation, filling a product order, or updating a customer account.

13.Explain the concept of scalability?

= Scalability refers to a system's ability to handle increased business volume and


transactions in the future. Because it will have a longer useful life, a scalable
system offers a better return on the initial investment. To evaluate scalability, you
need information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and
processes.
14. Conduct a successful interview?

1. Determine the people to interview.

2. Establish objectives for the interview.

3. Develop interview questions.

4. Prepare for the interview.

5. Conduct the interview.

6. Document the interview.

7. Evaluate the interview.

15.Develop effective documentation methods to use during systems development

Thoroughly and formally document requirements. 

Develop a formal unit and system testing process.

Develop a formal change management plan.

16.What is the advantage and disadvantage of JAD?

Advantage:

 Can result in a more accurate statement of system requirements.


 Better understanding of common goals
 Stronger commitment to the success of the new system.
Dis-advantage:

More expensive and can be cumbersome if the group is too large relative to the
size of the project.
17.What is the advantage and disadvantage of RAD?

The primary advantage is that systems can be developed more quickly with
significant cost savings. A disadvantage is that RAD stresses the mechanics of the
system itself and does not emphasize the company’s strategic business needs.

18.What is the advantage and disadvantage of Agile method?

The advantage is very flexible and efficient in dealing with change. Disadvantage
is a lack of structure and documentation can introduce risk factors.

RAD Phases and Activities

REQUIREMENTS PLANNING : combines elements of the systems planning and


systems analysis phases of the SDLC. Users, managers, and IT staff members
discuss and agree on business needs, project scope, constraints, and system
requirements.

USER DESIGN : users interact with systems analysts and develop models and
prototypes that represent all system processes, outputs, and inputs.

CONSTRUCTION The construction phase focuses on program and application


development tasks similar to the SDLC.

CUTOVER The cutover phase resembles the final tasks in the SDLC
implementation phase, including data conversion, testing, changeover to the new
system, and user training.

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