Scribd
Upload
73 views

Lab Session 7 Objectives: of Unsigned Numbers

The document compares and contrasts ASCII and BCD (binary coded decimal) number representations and conversions between the two. It discusses: 1) BCD represents digits from 0-9 using a 4-bit code for each digit, while ASCII uses an 8-bit code with the most significant bits set to "011" and the remaining bits matching the 4-bit BCD code. 2) Converting ASCII to unpacked BCD involves removing the "011" tag by ANDing with 0F, while packed BCD stores two 4-bit codes in one byte for more efficient storage. 3) Converting between ASCII, unpacked BCD, and packed BCD requires operations like AND, OR,

Uploaded by

Bhatti Ghaffar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
73 views

Lab Session 7 Objectives: of Unsigned Numbers

The document compares and contrasts ASCII and BCD (binary coded decimal) number representations and conversions between the two. It discusses: 1) BCD represents digits from 0-9 using a 4-bit code for each digit, while ASCII uses an 8-bit code with the most significant bits set to "011" and the remaining bits matching the 4-bit BCD code. 2) Converting ASCII to unpacked BCD involves removing the "011" tag by ANDing with 0F, while packed BCD stores two 4-bit codes in one byte for more efficient storage. 3) Converting between ASCII, unpacked BCD, and packed BCD requires operations like AND, OR,

Uploaded by

Bhatti Ghaffar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Lab Session 7

Objectives

COMPARE and ASCII & BCD Conversion of unsigned numbers

Theory:

COMPARE OF UNSIGNED NUMBERS

CMP dest,source ;compare dest and source.

The operands themselves remain unchanged.


The dest operand can be in register or memory. The source operand can be in register, memory or an
immediate number.
CMP instruction compares two operands and changes the flags accordingly. Although
CF,AF,SF,PF,ZF and OF flags reflect the result of the comparison, only the CF and ZF are affected.

Compare operands CF ZF
Destination >source 0 0
Destination = source 0 1
Destination < source 1 0
Flag settings of the CMP instruction.

Ex: DATA1 DW 235FH


…
MOV AX,CCCCH
CMP AX,DATA1 ;compare CCCC with 235F
JNC OVER ;jump if CF=0
SUB AX,AX
OVER: INC DATA1

BCD(Binary Coded Decimal and ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
Instructions
¾ Binary representation of 0 to 9 (used by human beings) is called BCD.
Digit BCD
¾ There are two types of BCD numbers,
(1) unpacked BCD (2) packed BCD 0 0000
1 0001
Unpacked BCD: 1 byte is used to store 4 bit BCD code. E.g. 0000 1001 is 2 0010
unpacked BCD for 9. 3 0011
4 0100
Packed BCD: 1 byte is used to store two 4 bit BCD codes. E.g. 0101 1001 5 0101
is packed BCD for 59. More efficient in storing data. 6 0110
7 0111
8 1000
9 1001
ASCII numbers:
Key ASCII(Hex) Binary BCD (Unpacked)
0 30 011 0000 0000 0000
1 31 011 0001 0000 0001
2 32 011 0010 0000 0010
3 33 011 0011 0000 0011
4 34 011 0100 0000 0100
5 35 011 0101 0000 0101
6 36 011 0110 0000 0110
7 37 011 0111 0000 0111
8 38 011 1000 0000 1000
9 39 011 1001 0000 1001

• ASCII to BCD Conversion

ASCII to Unpacked BCD Conversion


¾ In order to convert ASCII to BCD the programmer must get rid of tagged “011” in the higher four bits
of the ASCII.
¾ To do that each ASCII number is ANDed with ‘0000 1111’ (0FH).

Ex: ASC DB ‘9562481273’


ORG 0010H
UNPACK DB 10 DUP(?)
…
MOV CX,5 ;CX is the loop counter
MOV BX,OFFSET ASC ;BX points to ASCII data
MOV DI,OFFSET UNPACK ;DI points to unpacked BCD data
AGAIN: MOV AX,WORD PTR [BX] ;move next 2 ASCII numbers to AX
AND AX,0F0F ;remove ASCII 3s (011)
MOV WORD PTR [DI],AX ;store unpacked BCD
ADD DI,2 ;point to next unpacked BCD data
ADD BX,2 ;point to next ASCII data
LOOP AGAIN

ASCII to packed BCD Conversion


To convert ASCII to packed BCD, it is first converted to unpacked BCD (to get rid of the 3) and
then combined to make packed BCD.
Key ASCII Unpacked BCD Packed BCD
4 34 00000100 0100
7 37 00000111 01000111 or 47H
ORG 0010H
VAL_ASC DB ‘47’ VAL_BCD
DB ?
…
;reminder: the DB will put 34 in 0010H location and 37 in 0011H.
MOV AX,WORD PTR VAL_ASC ;AH=37 AL=34
AND AX,0F0FH ;mask 3 to get unpacked BCD
XCHG AH,AL ;swap AH and AL
MOV CL,4 ;CL=04 to shift 4 times
SHL AH,CL ;shift left AH to get AH=40H OR AL,AH ;OR them to get packed BCD
MOV VAL_BCD,AL save the result

Packed BCD to ASCII Conversion


To convert packed BCD to ASCII, it must be first converted to unpacked and then the unpacked
BCD is tagged with 011 0000 (30H).

Packed BCD Unpacked BCD ASCII


29H 02 & 09 32 & 39
0010 1001 0000 0010 & 0000 1001 0011 0010 & 0011 1001

Ex:

VAL1_BCD DB 29H VAL3_ASC


DW ?
….

MOV AL,VAL1_BCD
MOV AH,AL ;copy AL to AH. Now AH=29 and AL=29
AND AX,F00FH ;mask 9 from AH and 2 from AL
MOV CL,04 ;CL=04 for shift
SHR AH,CL ;shift right AH to get unpacked BCD
OR AX,3030H combine with 30 to get ASCII
XCHG AH,AL ;swap for ASCII storage convention
MOV VAL3_ASC,AX ;store the ASCII

You might also like