RESEARCH METHOD

a) Type of the research

This is a quantitative and descriptive research that is a study to investigate
the relationship between effort expectancy, facilitating condition, performance
expectancy and intention to use fitness applications during post Covid-19 pandemic. The
study was conducted using a survey to obtain the necessary field data.

b) Descriptive research
Descriptive research is a quantitative research method that attempts to collect
quantifiable information for statistical analysis of the population sample. It is a
popular market research tool that allows us to collect and describe the demographic

segment’s nature. It also to estimate the percentage (%) of participants use the E-fitness
applications to stay fit. Respondents is the random representative sample. They were
asked to answer and complete the survey through google form which is this survey
consisted of 5 multiple choice questions and 26 questions that were measured on a 5
point Likert Scale (1 = strongly disagree , 5 = strongly agree). The aim was to
conduct the survey with 300 above customer of intention use E-fitness applications.
Participants was defined as a person that use the E-fitness applications from the
intention of use E-applications on the day of questioning. The total overall is 339
participants responded.

c) Measure

The respondents need to complete the survey and this survey was distributed
on second week of August 2020. The questionnaire consisted of two parts which is
part A is demographic that include gender, age, race and occupation. While part B is
research questions including 26 questions that using 5 points Likert Scale (1932) that
range from 1 as strongly disagree descriptively and inferentially by using Statiscal
Package for the Social Science Version (SPSS) software. SPSS provides data
analysis for descriptive and bivariate statistics, numeral outcome predictions and
predictions for identifying groups. The software also provides data transformation,
graphing and direct marketing features. Once the data was achieved the target, the
data will be analysed to three ways which is reliability test, correlation and
regression.
RESULT

Demographic variable. A total of 339 respondents completed the questionnaire. The age of
the sample ranged from 18 years to 46 and above. More than half of the respondents were
women (70%) and men (30%). Most of this respondents also are using the E-fitness
application to keep their body maintain and stay health.

This data’s research was analysed by using Cronbach Alpha. Cronbach’s alpha, α
(or coefficient alpha), developed by Lee Cronbach in 1951, measures reliability, or internal
consistency. Reliability in statistics and psychometrics is the overall consistency of a
measure (William M. K.) Reliability refers to the extent to which a scale produces consistent
results, if the measurements are repeated a number of times.  The analysis on reliability is
called reliability analysis. Reliability analysis is determined by obtaining the proportion of
systematic variation in a scale, which can be done by determining the association between
the scores obtained from different administrations of the scale.  Thus, if the association in
reliability analysis is high, the scale yields consistent results and is therefore reliable.

Cronbach’s Alpha Score Indicators

> 0.900 Excellent
> 0.800 Good
< 0.700 Poor
Table 1 shows the Cronbach’s alpha for indicators.

The table 2 shows a reliability test among those Independent variable’s facilitating conditions
have the highest Cronbach’s alpha with the value of >0.904 while effort expectancy have the
lowest value of <0.853 the values of Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for all variables were
above the acceptable value of 0.7.

The cut-off level of Cronbach’s alpha should be at least 0.7 or higher 0.7 to obtain an
adequate scale and many researchers require a higher cut-off level of 0.8 to be considered
as a ‘good scale’ (Cronbach, 1951). The result shows that all five factors have a Cronbach
alpha value of higher than 0.7 and is therefore reliable.
 Variables Cronbach alpha Number of items Results
Effort expectancy .853 5 Good
Facilitating conditions .904 5 Excellent
Performance expectancy .871 5 Good
Intention to use E-fitness .914 6 Excellent
application
Table 2 shows a reliability test among those Independent variable’s.
Source: Primary Data

All Alphas are above the threshold of .70 (Nunnally, 1978), meaning that the reliability is
confirmed. If the test concludes that the correlation coefficient is significantly different from
zero, so that the correlation coefficient is ‘significant’ while the table 3 show that all the
hypothesis of this research all is accepted.

Variables DV EE FC PE Result
Intention to use 1.000
E-fitness
application
Effort .799 1.000 Accepted
expectancy
Facilitating .763 .814 1.000 Accepted
conditions
Performance .816 .790 .768 1.000 Accepted
Expectancy
Table 3 show that the correlation analysis and the hypothesis of this research is accepted.

In order results from table 3 show, that it is very clear that each of these independent
variables is closely related to the users using this e-fitness application. Based on previous
literature (Arman & Hartati, 2015; Phichitchaisopa & Naenna, 2013; Venkatesh et al., 2003)
the first four hypotheses were formulated. As predicted, performance expectancy, effort
expectancy and facilitating conditions all significantly affect the user intention to use E-
fitness applications.

In this studies facilitating conditions was found to be the strongest predictor of intention to
use fitness application, although closely followed by performance expectancy. Facilitating
conditions focuses on the belief that technical support will be available to perform a behavior
required by the ICT (Venkatesh et al., 2003, 2012). This determinant is a significant predictor
of the intention to use fitness applications: if individuals believe there is a trustworthy support
system to assist them, their intention to use fit apps is greater than when such a perceived
support is lacking (Yi et al., 2006; Bhattacherjee and Hikmet, 2008).
 Model R R Adjusted Std. Change Statistics
square R Error of R F dfl. df2 Sig. F
Square theSquare Change Change
Estimate
Chang
e
1 .859a .738 .736 .32660 .738 314.319 3 335 .000
Predictors: (Constant), Performance Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Effort Expectancy.
Table 4 show the data analysis of regression between the independent variables and
dependent variable.

ANOVA
Model Sum of Square df Mean F Sig.
Square
1 Regression 100.585 3 33.528 314.319 .000b
Residual 35.734 335 .107
Total 136.319 338
Table 5 show the ANOVA

The plot of the data below shows a generally linear relationship, on average with a positive
slope. (LINEAR GRAPH)

These results are contradictory to the hypotheses. This study shows that the user intention
to use fitness applications change depends on the effect of performance expectancy, effort
expectancy and facilitating conditions.

DISCUSSION
Results revealed that a significant number of user used their smart phones for fitness
applications to keep their body maintain healthy and stay active during self-isolation. This
could be as a result of the fact that some of these intention to use the fitness application
depend on the effort expectancy, facilitating condition and performance expectancy.

Performance expectancy is positively associated the user’s intention use of a fitness

application was supported with the several previous studies have indicated that performance
expectancy or perceived usefulness of a technology is associated with the acceptance of the
technology (Jimision et al, 2008; Boberg et al’ 1995; Lai et al, 2008; Wilson and Lankton,
2004; Venkatesh et al, 2003; Davis et al, 1989). Therefore, user will be more likely to adopt
the fitness app or intend to use it if they expect higher exercise performance by using the
fitness app.

Then, the effort expectancy is positively associated the user’s intention use of a fitness
application has been supported as intrinsically motivated individuals are regular exerciser
(Brawley and Valle-rand 1984). They would choose a central path in adopting fitness app
(Petty and Cacioppo 1986). In that sense the a likely to use the fitness app only if the app
extremely easy to use.

The facilitating conditions is positively associated the user’s intention use of a fitness
application has been supported in research with the prior studies on technology acceptance
by healthcare professionals found that when the mobile health system (MHS) is well
matched with clinical and patient care working practices, then the MHS will be highly
accepted (Fitch, 2004; Haron et al, 2004). Using the same logic regular mobile apps user
have greater tendency to download, install and use a fitness apps.