Version 1.0.

1 (4/12/2017)

FIELD EDITION:
A+ WRAP™ INSTALLER MANUAL
FOR TRANSMISSION PIPELINES

Milliken Pipe Wrap

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Milliken Infrastructure Solution Houston Office (Pipe Wrap Location)

15832 West Hardy Road
Suite 600
Houston, TX 77060
Tel: 281-999-7100
Fax: 281-999-7110
www.piperepair.net
www.infrastructure.milliken.com

Milliken & Company Corporate Headquarters

PO Box 1926
Spartanburg, SC 29304
Tel: 864-503-2020
www.milliken.com

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Contents
Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Repair System Overview ................................................................................................................. 5
Not Included in this Manual............................................................................................................ 5
Repair Limitations ........................................................................................................................... 6
Installation Overview ...................................................................................................................... 8
General Installation Tips ................................................................................................................. 9
Detailed Installation Manual......................................................................................................... 10
1) Repair Material Preparation .............................................................................................. 10
Repair area ............................................................................................................................ 11
Staging area........................................................................................................................... 11
Material Clean-up and Disposal ............................................................................................ 12
2) Surface Preparation ........................................................................................................... 12
Defect Inspection .................................................................................................................. 14
3) Marking the Repair Zone ................................................................................................... 15
4) Installation of the Load Transfer Filler ............................................................................... 16
5) Installation of the Adhesive Primer ................................................................................... 17
6) Application of the A+ Wrap™ System ................................................................................ 19
A+ Wrap™ System Preparation ............................................................................................. 19
Review of Installation Techniques ........................................................................................ 19
Layer over Layer .................................................................................................................... 20
Spiral Wrap Method.............................................................................................................. 20
Offset Method....................................................................................................................... 20
Layer over Layer ........................................................................................................................ 21
Spiral Wrap Method.................................................................................................................. 23
Offset Method........................................................................................................................... 27
Installation of Pig Markers™ (optional) ................................................................................ 31
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................... 32
7) Constrictor Wrap and Perforating ..................................................................................... 34
8) Repair Inspection Guide ..................................................................................................... 35
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Visual Inspection ................................................................................................................... 35

Audible Sonic Testing (Tap Test) ........................................................................................... 35
Automated Tap test .............................................................................................................. 36
9) Top-coating the Repair ...................................................................................................... 36

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Scope
The scope of this Installer Manual is to provide a thorough installation guide for the A+ Wrap™ repair
system, for use by field technicians on a jobsite. This document provides a detailed guide for general
repair scenarios including external corrosion and certain types of mechanical damage. For repairs that
are outside of this scope, please contact a Milliken Infrastructure Solutions (MIS) representative to
determine if this document can still be used as a general procedure.

Repair System Overview

The A+ Wrap™ Repair System is a pliable water-activated high strength composite system used to
permanently repair external defects associated with general corrosion up to 80% wall loss, blunt dents
and gouges of pipelines and other piping systems. The repair system is comprised of several distinct
components including a high compressive strength putty, an adhesive primer, Pig Markers (optional)
and the load carrying composite wrap. The A+ Wrap™ composite consists of high-strength glass fiber
fabric that is pre-impregnated with a moisture cured polyurethane that is vacuum-sealed within a
puncture resistant metallic pouch. When used in conjunction with each other, and properly installed,
these components work together to form an exceptionally strong composite pipeline repair capable of
restoring the pipe to original design conditions.

The A+ Wrap™ repair system has been thoroughly tested to ensure that prudent engineering methods
of evaluation have been met by an independent testing laboratory. This testing includes, but is not
limited to, constituent material testing as well as system level hydrostatic burst, cyclic fatigue, cathodic
disbondment and dent testing. Additionally, the A+ Wrap™ system meets or exceeds all required and
relevant testing presented in the ASME PCC-2 and ISO 24817 standards. The approval for use of
composite repair systems is in the January 2000 release of the Federal Registry. This system can be used
on D.O.T. regulated pipelines.

The A+ Wrap™ repair system, in general, is designed on a per-defect basis. For transmission pipelines,
this means that as long as there is a minimum of 20% remaining wall thickness, the A+ Wrap™ repair
system can be designed for any pressure rating (within the composite’s temperature range).

At its core, the material science used for the A+ Wrap™ system is similar to other wet-layup composite
wrap systems. A+ Wrap™ stands out when compared to other systems due to the relative ease and
speed of application as well as its ability to perform in wet environments. Additionally, when coupled
with the patented Pig Marker™ system, this repair option boasts “smart pig detectability” without any of
the pit-falls associated with creating potential cathodic reactions. The A+ Wrap™ system is very
conformable allowing it to be used in situations where more rigid repair options are not advisable.
Additionally, the A+ Wrap™ will have a higher impact toughness than standard coatings, however, the
repair should be thoroughly inspected to determine fitness for service after any major impact.

Not Included in this Manual

MIS offers a longer and more detailed version of this installation manual, but it is not practical as an
everyday field guide. There are several topics that are not covered in this version of that manual, but
are included in the longer version. If any of the following topics are in question, please refer to the
expanded manual or contact a MIS representative for more information.
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1) Storage and Application conditions (all materials)

2) Geometric considerations (i.e. bend or Tee repairs)

3) Details regarding Training Certifications

4) Alternate material combinations (i.e. other Filler/Primer materials offered)

5) Installation steps for specific scenarios (i.e. Hot/Cold weather, large diameter installs, dents, etc)

6) Supporting documentation (i.e. Technical data sheet, repair questionnaire, etc)

Repair Limitations
Non-concentric pipe profile

- The A+ Wrap™ may be applied to a pipe with non-concentric profiles as established by API
Specifications.
o 12.5% for gas pipelines
o 10% for liquid pipelines
- The primary concerns for installations are:
o Removal of stress risers
o Surface preparation
o The assurance of intimate contact with the A+ Wrap™ via the load transfer filler. The
objective is to ensure a “load transfer” path to the composite sleeve from the defective
area of the pipe.

External Corrosion / Erosion

- On regulated lines, any external corrosion exceeding 80% wall loss cannot be considered a
permanent repair. An emergency temporary repair can be installed until a permanent repair
option can be implemented (as soon as possible).
- On non-regulated lines, please discuss repair scenario with an MIS representative on any
external corrosion defects above 80% wall loss.
- All sharp edges must be removed.

Internal Corrosion / Erosion

- A temporary repair can be installed until the end-of-life design wall loss is obtained (not to
exceed 80% on regulated lines).
- An external repair will not slow down or prevent any internal wall loss; the sole purpose is to
provide structural reinforcement until a permanent solution can be implemented.

Gouges

- No existing cracks at time of repair; must be inspected to ensure there are no cracks.
- Clean gouges not exceeding 80% wall loss can be repaired.
- Gouge must be rounded off – no sharp edges allowed.

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Cracks

- Cracks in the main body of the pipe can be repaired if the entire crack is removed (typically via
grinding).
- After removing crack, the defect area shall not exceed 80% wall loss.

Dents

- Dents with a dent depth less than 6% of the pipe’s diameter can be repaired
- For dents exceeding 6%, please contact an MIS representative.
- Dent must be crack free (requires on-site inspection – typically dye penetration).

Defects near a weld

- Defects located in the proximity of a weld may be more complicated and will need to be
assessed as such by an MIS representative.
- In general, a repair is not recommended if the defect exceeds 50% wall loss and it exceeds 30%
of the circumference (in the weld).

Defects within a Weld

- Cracks, gouges or dents in the longitudinal or girth weld seam will be reviewed on a case-by-
case basis.
- In general, a repair is not recommended if the defect exceeds 50% wall loss and it exceeds 30%
of the circumference (in the weld).
- In general, a repair is not recommended for mechanical damage to longitudinal welds.

Other Defects

- Wrinkle bends, seam weld anomalies, and other defect types can also be considered for repairs
with A+ Wrap™.
- These are all considered on a case-by-case basis and will require communication with a Milliken
Pipe Wrap Engineer to help make such determinations.

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Installation Overview
The following is a quick reference guide for the simplified installation steps for the A+ Wrap™ repair
system. This list does not contain all detailed steps and should only be used as a quick refresher or
reference material for an on-site observer.

1) Prepare materials and ensure that a sufficient “repair area” and “staging area” are established.
2) Ensure that proper surface preparations have been reached.
3) Confirm defect dimensions match design conditions.
4) Inspect pipe for any sharp edges and solvent wipe the area to remove any contaminates. Allow
1-2 minutes for solvent to flash.
5) Mark the repair zone. A minimum of 2” on either side of the defect is required. An additional
minimum of 2” is required if Pig Marker™ set is to be installed.
6) Wearing proper PPE, begin mixing load transfer filler material until uniform in color.
7) Apply load transfer filler to all defect and tented areas; smooth to pipe contour.
8) Mix adhesive primer until uniform in color. Allow material to sit for 5-15 minutes to thicken.
9) Apply adhesive primer over entire repair zone plus an additional 2” on either side. Ideally, the
adhesive primer is applied with approximately 30 mil thickness.
10) Allow primer to gel until it reaches the consistency of peanut butter (5-15 minutes).
11) Remove a single roll of the A+ Wrap™ system from the packaging and submerse in water for a
minimum of one minute. If a container is unavailable, thoroughly saturate the roll of material
with water.
a. In warm weather, use ice water. In cool weather, use warm water.
12) Begin application of the A+ Wrap™ material. Install Pig Marker™ system if applicable.
13) Continue wrapping per installation method. Once two layers have been achieved, ensure that
constant, uniform tension is applied to the roll.
a. Thoroughly saturate each layer of fabric with water.
b. Pull tight! Every layer needs to be in tension.
14) Immediately upon completing the installation (or at a hold point), wrap 4-6 layers of constrictor
wrap. NOTE: Shrink Wrap is NOT a replacement for constrictor wrap.
15) Immediately perforate the constrictor wrap to allow for out-gassing and de-bulking.
16) Allow to cure for a minimum 2 hours (temperature dependent).
17) Remove constrictor wrap and inspect the repair.
18) Top-coat if required (it is recommended that a top-coat be applied).

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General Installation Tips

Following is a check list of installation tips that should be followed when possible:

 Apply plenty of water – A+ Wrap™ cannot be oversaturated. If not enough water is applied,
installation issues may arise – this is the most common installation error.
 Do not open A+ Wrap™ material pouches until ready for immediate application. Doing so may
cause the roll to set-up before it is ready for use and can significantly reduce expected working
time. This is the second most common installation error.
 Working time is temperature dependent. At 70°F, expect a working time of 30 minutes for the
A+ Wrap™ fabric.
 Effects of temperature – general rule of thumb is as follows:
o Starting at 77°F as the default “working time” temperature, a 10°F increase in
temperature results in half the working time. Every subsequent 10°F increase further
halves the working time.
 Set-time and cure-time follow the same rule.
o Starting at 77°F as the default “working time” temperature, a 10°F decrease in
temperature doubles the working time. Every subsequent 10°F decrease further doubles
the working time.
 Set-time and cure-time follow the same rule.
 A hand pump sprayer is ideal for wetting out the A+ Wrap™. For pipe above 24”, two hand
pump sprayers are recommended.
 The A+ Wrap™ system provides axial stiffness to a repair area, however the system was not
specifically designed to resist axial bending moments. The pipeline operator is to secure the pipe
to their satisfaction with respect to the repair area.

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Detailed Installation Manual

The following sections provide a detailed procedure for the installation of the A+ Wrap™ repair system.
For additional information on any section, please contact an MIS representative. These guidelines
should be followed on all repairs unless overwritten by a repair-specific procedure provided by an MIS
representative.

1) Repair Material Preparation

Before starting an A+ Wrap™ repair installation, ensure that all material is accounted for and staged
appropriately. When possible, it is recommended that two distinct locations are tented and shaded; the
repair area on the pipe and the staging area. In cold ambient conditions, it is recommended that the
working areas are heated. In hot weather conditions, both sites should be shaded and cold water readily
available for personal hydration, as well as to cool material as required.

Typical material provided for an A+ Wrap™ repair on a transmission pipeline:

 A+ Wrap™ provided in metallic pouches

 Load transfer filler material (EP-400 inside plastic tube OR EP-420 in A and B containers)
 Adhesive primer material (either in paint cans or 1-pint jars)
 Pig Markers™ (optional)
 Application Kit
o Cardboard mixing pallets
o Stir sticks
o Mix buckets
o Plastic putty knives
o Applicators for adhesive primer
o Squeegee
o Nitrile Gloves
o Trash Bag
o Can Opener
o Razor blade
o Scissors
 Constrictor Wrap
 Perforator
 Sprayer(s) for water

Additional material that is typically required and provided by the installer:

 PPE
 Surface prep tools (sand blasting, grinding etc…)
 Solvent (Acetone, MEK or Toluene)
 Tenting / Tarp
 Sandpaper (24-80 grit)
 Rags
 Measuring tape
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 Pipe marker
 Bucket
 Water

Repair area
The repair area should be tented to provide protection from harsh elements (heavy rain, dust, wind,
etc…). If direct tenting is not available, a plan of action is required should the repair need to be stopped
due to outside influences. If possible, it is recommended that a plastic sheet or tarp is laid under the
pipe to prevent contamination of fabric should anything touch the ground. In addition to Governmental
and Company Regulations, the ditch preparation for installations should be an inverted “bell-shaped”
with approximately 48” of working area on both sides of the pipe and deep enough provide “belt-
buckle” working height (if possible – provide approximately 24” of clearance beneath pipe).

For an A+ Wrap™ repair, the repair area should be stocked with water sprayers. For pipes with a
diameter exceeding 24”, it is recommended that a sprayer is used on either side of the pipe to ensure
sufficient coverage. A bucket of water should be available as well for the initial submersion of the A+
Wrap™ roll. In cold weather, warm (heated) water should be available at all times to ensure proper cure.
If the water in the sprayer cools down, replace with warm water before continuing. In hot weather, the
water in the sprayer, as well as in the bucket, should be chilled – preferably with ice water. Additionally,
during the A+ Wrap™ installation, scissors and gloves should be available for use as needed.

Staging area
The staging area should be tented to provide adequate conditions for personnel and material storage. If
the ambient temperature is above 80°F, it is highly recommended that all A+ Wrap™ material be stored
in a cooler underlined with ice. All inventory not currently in use should be stored in the staging area
or nearby (air conditioned) vehicle for easy access. The provided Application Kit (AK-25) should provide
most (if not all) of the tools required to apply the filler material and the adhesive primer. It is
recommended to mix at the staging area and bring the mixed product down to the repair area for
installation. Once completed, dispose of trash properly to avoid contaminating other products.
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Specifically for the A+ Wrap™ material (in metallic pouches) do not store near sharp objects or under
direct sunlight. Do NOT open pouches until ready for immediate application. Once the A+ Wrap material
is opened, the humidity in the air will begin to chemically react the product. Before starting the repair
installation, it is recommended to perform a quality check on all of the A+ Wrap rolls to ensure that no
rolls have hardened within the packaging due to material handling and/or shipping. Due to the
occasional puncture of the packaging material, it is highly recommended that additional material is
brought to each repair site to prevent a delay in installation.

Material Clean-up and Disposal

Throughout the repair installation, proper disposal of used materials should be followed. Along with
good common sense, the following list is a general guideline for proper disposal methods:

 Unmixed or uncured materials may be removed by wiping or scraping excess material, then
followed by a solvent wipe.
o Unmixed materials must be disposed of as hazardous waste according to local, state,
provincial and governmental regulations when applicable.
 For cured materials that need to be removed, Acetone, MEK and Toluene will “soften” cured
materials and assist in clean-up.
 Unmixed materials should be mixed appropriately and allowed to cure. For large volumes, pour
onto a plastic sheet to allow the material to cure into a thin sheet.
o Large volumes of reacting materials can overheat and reach temperatures exceeding
300°F and set nearby material on fire.
 Unused materials should be sealed in their original packaging containers and stored in a covered
area until further use or properly disposed of. If any material is contaminated, mix proper
materials together, allow to cure then discard appropriately.

2) Surface Preparation
For a long-term, “permanent” repair, surface preparation is extremely important. All coating, loose
debris and any sharp edges must be completely removed via media-blasting (such as sandblasting) or
with an angled grinder. The following surface preparation requirements shall be met for any composite
repairs on a transmission pipeline.

For media blasting –

- A minimum surface prep of NACE #3 Commercial Blast Cleaning shall be achieved

- NACE #1 White Metal Blast cleaning is preferred
- A minimum of 4 inches beyond the anticipated repair zone shall be prepped.

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For side-grinding –

- 24-80 grit sanding disks or equivalent shall be used to provide an appropriate anchor pattern
- A minimum of 4 inches beyond the anticipated repair zone shall be prepped.

Other methods –

- Wire brushing the surface or other, light preparation techniques are not recommended for final
surface preparation. If an alternate method is required for surface preparation, contact a
Milliken Infrastructure Solutions representative for guidance.

All coating must be removed, including soft coatings and paint

- Elastomeric materials (rubber based, mastic, urethane, etc.) interfere with proper load transfer
to the composite wrap.
- EXCEPTION – Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) coatings; Modified procedure for FBE - Abrade the
entire “work area” using 24-80 grit sandpaper removing all high spots and the “sheen” from the
fusion bonded coating. The entire surface must be “etched” with a minimum of a 1 mil Anchor
Pattern.

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- All “coal tar” and zinc residue must be removed from the repair area. These material can inhibit
the cure time and affect the bonding properties of the primer coat. A visual indication for the
presence of “coal tar” is that the material will leach into the primer turning the primer and A+
Wrap™ system color to a “murky” brown color.

Defect Inspection
Verify that final defect is within the initial design parameters. If the defect has worsened or is worse
than anticipated, contact an MIS representative for a new design before continuing.

Cracks must be completely removed (typically done by grinding).

All sharp edges, corrosion residue and weld splatter MUST be removed – defects must be “blunt”. See
the photos below for reference.

Repair zone must be solvent wiped with ONLY Acetone, MEK or Toluene to remove all loose debris and
liquid residue (such as oil or grease). Be sure to review appropriate SDS before use of solvent.

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3) Marking the Repair Zone

Determine the required repair zone from the design documentation. If the design documents provided
do not match what is expected for the actual installation, please contact a Milliken Infrastructure
representative to confirm procedure.

Unless specified otherwise, the repair zone shall be centered over the center of the defect. Mark the
repair zone on the pipe. Ensure that a minimum of 2 inches beyond the defect is achieved. The
calculated repair zone will typically ensure that this value will be greater than 2 when following the
minimum repair length equations in the ASME PCC-2 and ISO 24817 standards.

If a Pig Marker™ magnetic detection system is used, an additional 2 inches will need to be added to the
minimum 2 inches beyond the defect in either direction; this equates to a minimum of 4 inches beyond
the defect. When following design documentation, the additional length due to the pig markers is
already included in the displayed repair zone. In preparation for the adhesive primer, mark an
additional 2 inches on either side of the repair zone. Using a pipe marker, removable tape or constrictor
wrap, circumferentially “mark” the repair zone for reference during the actual repair process. These
outer identification “marks” indicate the surface area to be coated with the adhesive primer. When
installing the repair, the composite material should stay 2 inches inside the coated area; in other words,
when finished, 2 inches of coating should be visible on either side of the repair. This will ensure that the
composite is fully engaged within the adhesive primer and also provides a transition zone for the final
coating to ensure that no gap under the composite wrap is present.

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4) Installation of the Load Transfer Filler

Milliken Infrastructure Solutions offers many choices for a load transfer filler material. The default
material for the A+ Wrap system is EP-420. The directions that follow apply specifically to the EP-420
material. For a detailed installation procedure utilizing a different load transfer filler, see Appendix 1.
When working with any epoxy or liquid polymeric material, proper PPE should always be worn. From
this point forward, PPE should be worn at all stages of installation.

The load transfer filler material serves two primary purposes:

1) The filler material will reshape the pipe to near-original contour.

a. This will ensure that the composite being utilized does not experience any odd
deformities which may negatively impact the structural integrity of the repair.
2) The high compressive nature of the filler material will prevent the defect region from expanding
by distributing the load to the composite material.
a. This process of load distribution is referred to as creating a “load transfer path”.

The EP-420 load transfer filler product will come packaged in 2 plastic jars as either a ½ pint kit or a 1
pint kit. Remove all material, Parts A and B, and place on a mixing service. Mix together with a putty
knife until uniform in color. Below 50°F or above 85°F it is recommended to keep the material stored in
a vehicle or other climate controlled environment until ready for use. In warmer temperatures, the EP-
420 material should be kept out of direct sunlight to avoid prolonged heating, which may affect working
time.

Apply the epoxy paste to all voids and “tented” areas associated with the defect areas. Additionally, any
large welds need to be smoothed out using the filler material to create a smooth transition zone for the
composite material. Press firmly into any voids to ensure no air-gaps are located underneath the filler.
Smooth the filler material to match the pipe contour as best as possible. Avoid creating any sharp edges.
Wait for material to harden (approx. 15-30 minutes) and use sand paper or a grinding tool to reshape
and remove any sharp edges.

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Application Tips:

- For condensing or “sweaty” pipes – solvent wipe the pipe surface and immediately apply the
filler material once the solvent flashes off (the condensate should no longer be visible as well).
- If the filler begins to thicken up too quickly:
o Mix less material at one time
o Reduce the temperature (store in air conditioning)
- For ambient temperatures near freezing – keep the filler material (as well as the composite and
adhesive primer) warm. This can be accomplished by storing the material inside a vehicle or
inside a coat pocket. The cold temperatures may cause the pipe to sweat; solvent wipe as
necessary.

5) Installation of the Adhesive Primer

Milliken Infrastructure Solutions offers many choices for an adhesive primer material. The default
material for the A+ Wrap system is PPR. The directions that follow apply specifically to the PPR material.
For a detailed installation procedure utilizing a different adhesive primer, see Appendix 1.

The adhesive primer material serves two primary purposes:

1) The adhesive primer will bond the pipe to the composite and prevent disbondment.
2) The adhesive primer acts as a coating underneath the repair, thus preventing moisture ingress.

The PPR adhesive primer product comes in multiple packaging types; either in plastic jars (1-pint kits) or
in a set of two equal sized paint cans (2-pint kit, 2-quart kit or 2-gallon kit). The mix ratio of this product
is 1:1 by volume. Based on the required amount, this product can be mixed by hand on a cardboard tray
using a putty knife, in a mixing cup using stir sticks or in a larger bucket using a mixing paddle. Mix until
uniform in color. Mixing time is typically 3-5 minutes depending on the process used. In cold weather
(<40°F), mixing time should increase to 8-10 minutes due to material thickening (becoming more
viscous).

Once thoroughly mixed, allow 5-15 minutes to achieve an optimum viscosity for application. This time
may adjust due to ambient temperatures and quantity mixed. Below 50°F or above 85°F it is
recommended to keep the material stored in a vehicle or other climate controlled environment until
ready for use. In warmer temperatures, the PPR material should be kept out of direct sunlight to avoid
prolonged heating which may affect working time.

Once ready, trowel the adhesive primer over the repair surface. This is typically done with the hand
applicator, however, other tools or equipment may be used as well. A general guideline for thickness is
to apply approximately 30 mils of coverage. Enough primer needs to be applied to coat the entire pipe;
it needs to be thin enough to not interfere with load transfer. Depending on the installation technique,
different amounts of the adhesive primer may be applied in one go. The adhesive primer should extend
2” beyond the end of the repair zone to act as a tie-in location for future top-coating.

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Application Tips:

- For condensing or “sweaty” pipes – solvent wipe the pipe surface and immediately apply the
adhesive primer material once the solvent flashes off (the condensate should no longer be
visible as well). Material may need to be applied is small, concentrated patches.
- If the adhesive primer begins to thicken up too quickly:
o Mix less material at one time
o Reduce the temperature (store in air conditioning)
- For ambient temperatures near freezing – keep the adhesive primer material (as well as the
composite and load transfer filler) warm. This can be accomplished by storing the material

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inside a vehicle or inside a coat pocket. The cold temperatures may cause the pipe to sweat;
solvent wipe as necessary.
- For extensive corrosion around the entire pipe, it is critical that a smooth profile is obtained that
mimics the natural pipe geometry. The following steps may be taken to help achieve this:
o Apply the adhesive primer to the entire repair zone, apply extra material to defect areas
as needed to supply sufficient material for reshaping.
o Use constrictor wrap or 60mil thick polyethylene sheeting to encapsulate the adhesive
primer and ensure the correct shape.
o Allow material to harden; remove plastic and file down any high spots or sharp edges.
o Lightly abrade the hardened adhesive primer with 80 grit sandpaper and solvent wipe.
o Mix another batch of adhesive primer and apply using a standard procedure.

6) Application of the A+ Wrap™ System

Application of the wrap requires no special tools and can be applied on wet or dry surfaces, even
completely underwater. Proper evaluation of the corrosion anomaly or dent assures an accurate
calculable hoop strength enhancement. The material’s inherent physical characteristics offer high
adhesive strength, a complete fit-up integrity and conformity between the reinforcing wrap and pipe.

A+ Wrap™ System Preparation

Before starting the application of the A+ Wrap™ repair system, it is very important that any design
documents are reviewed and the final design and installation procedure are understood. Once the A+
Wrap™ packaging is opened, the material will initiate the curing process due to the humidity in the air.
Because of this, it is very important that the packages are only opened right before they are to be used –
one at a time.

Before any packaging is opened, ensure that adequate water is available. It is recommended that a
bucket deep enough to hold an entire roll is available and full of enough water. Additionally, a hand-held
sprayer that is full of water will also be required. For larger pipes (24” OD or greater), multiple sprayers
are recommended (one for each side of the pipe) to ensure adequate hydration.

Once the adhesive primer has been applied and is thick (close to the consistency of peanut butter), the
first roll of A+ Wrap™ is ready to be utilized. Wearing proper PPE, open the sealed pouch from the
bottom (there is typically a pre-existing tear in the packaging) and remove the roll from the pouch as
well as the plastic bagging. Submerge the roll in water for a minimum of one minute. Remove the roll
from the water and it will now be ready for installation. This procedure should be followed every time a
new roll is required.

Note: In case a bucket is unavailable, the plastic bagging in the aluminum packaging can be filled with
water before removing the A+ Wrap™ roll to saturate the roll.

Review of Installation Techniques

Installation of the A+ Wrap™ system can be performed using many different techniques. The best
technique to be used in any situation varies based on several conditions. Before wrapping any pipe, it is
necessary to review the design document to determine the recommended installation technique. If
questions arise or it makes more practical sense to change the installation technique, contact a MIS
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representative to ensure that best practices are followed; do not make a change to the installation
method without prior consultation. The three basic techniques are listed below in extensive detail; for
more complicated repair scenarios, a MIS representative may provide a procedural guide for the specific
repair. This procedural guide should be followed in place of the basic installation techniques discussed
here. The following table is provided as a general guideline for which installation technique should be
used (only straight pipe sections are considered in detail).

Layer over Layer

This technique is used when the minimum required repair zone is shorter than the composite width.
With regards to the adhesive primer, it is required to apply the primer over the entire repair zone. More
details on this method will be presented in the following section.

Spiral Wrap Method

This technique is generally used when a large linear length is to be repaired on a small diameter pipe
and typically only on small diameter pipes (OD less than 16”). With regards to the adhesive primer, it is
recommended that if the entire repair zone will be done in one segment, apply primer to the entire
repair zone. If the pipe will be repaired in multiple segments, only apply primer to one segment at a
time. In general, it is recommended that repair zones be broken into segments if the total repair zone
exceeds 4 feet. Further details on this method will be presented in the following section.

Offset Method
This technique is generally used when a large linear length is to be repaired on a larger diameter pipe or
when a spiral wrap method is not practical. With regards to the adhesive primer, it is recommended that
if the repair zone is less than 3 feet, the adhesive primer should be applied to the entire repair zone at
one time. If the repair zone exceeds 3 feet, the adhesive primer should only be applied over 3 feet at a
time. Further details on this method will be presented in the following section.

6” A+ Wrap™
Repair Zone
Less than 20 layers
6” 12” 48” or Less More than 48”
Spiral Wrap
6” OD or less Layer over Layer Offset Spiral Wrap
(segments)
Spiral Wrap
10” OD or less Layer over Layer Offset Spiral Wrap
(segments)
16” OD or less Layer over Layer Offset Spiral Wrap Offset
Offset or Offset or
18” OD or more Layer over Layer Offset
Use Larger Width Use Larger Width

6” A+ Wrap™
Repair Zone
More than 20 layers
6” 12” 30” or Less 48” or Less More than 48”
Layer over Spiral Wrap
6” OD or less Offset Spiral Wrap Spiral Wrap
Layer (segments)

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Layer over
10” OD or less Offset Spiral Wrap Offset Offset
Layer
Layer over Offset or Use
16” OD or less Offset Offset Offset
Layer Larger Width
Layer over Offset or Use Offset or Use Offset or Use
18” OD or more Offset
Layer Larger Width Larger Width Larger Width

12” A+ Wrap™
Repair Zone
Less than 20 layers
12” 24” 36” or Less 48” or Less 60” or More
Layer over Use smaller Use smaller Use smaller Use smaller
6” OD or less
Layer width width width width
Layer over
12” OD or less Offset Spiral Wrap Spiral Wrap Offset
Layer
Layer over
24” OD or less Offset Spiral Wrap Offset Offset
Layer
Layer over
More than 24” OD Offset Offset Offset Offset
Layer

12” A+ Wrap™
Repair Zone
More than 20 layers
12” 24” 36” or Less 48” or Less 60” or More
Layer over Use smaller Use smaller Use smaller Use smaller
6” OD or less
Layer width width width width
Layer over
18” OD or less Offset Offset Offset Offset
Layer
Layer over Offset Offset Offset Offset
More than 18” OD
Layer (Break) (Break) (Break) (Break)
Layer over Layer
The simplest installation technique is “Layer over Layer”. This technique is used when the minimum
required repair zone is shorter than the composite width. The design package will state a repair zone
width equivalent to the width of the fabric. With this technique, after the load transfer filler is applied,
the adhesive primer should extend two inches beyond the width of the fabric on either side. The
following directions should be followed for the “layer over layer” installation technique:

1) Apply the load transfer filler and the adhesive primer. Wait for the adhesive primer to achieve
proper tackiness.

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2) After preparing the first roll, unroll a few feet and place in the center of the repair zone. There
should still be two inches on either side with exposed adhesive primer.
3) Staying in the center of the repair zone, continue unrolling the A+ Wrap™ around the pipe until
it begins to overlap the initial layer by a few inches.
4) During the remainder of the application, it is crucial that water is continuously sprayed onto the
roll – A+ Wrap™ cannot be over-saturated. It is recommended that the inside of each layer is
sprayed as it is being applied and then once more on the outside of each layer.

5) After the first layer, if applicable, follow the directions in the following section to install the Pig
Marker™ system at each end of the repair zone.

6) Once installed, continue wrapping the A+ Wrap™ material around the pipe keeping the repair
centered.
7) After the second layer has been applied, begin to pull the wrap tightly at a minimum once per
side of pipe. This is to ensure a tight fit application and minimizes the possibility of voids. For
large pipe (24” OD or greater), it is recommended that an effort is taken to pull the wrap tightly
twice per side of pipe; once when receiving the roll and again before the roll is passed on to the
other side.
8) Continue applying the A+ Wrap™ product until the desired layer count is achieved or the end of
the roll is reached.
9) If the end of a roll is reached and more A+ Wrap™ is required, open an additional roll and follow
the same roll preparation procedure. Overlap the end of the previous roll by 4-6 inches with the
new roll before continuing to wrap.

10) Continue to pull tightly and apply vigorous amounts of water to the inside and outside of each
layer.
11) Immediately constrictor wrap (4-6 layers) and immediately perforate to allow A+ Wrap™ to off-
gas (see page 34 for details on this step).
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Spiral Wrap Method

The spiral wrap technique is best utilized on smaller pipes that cover a large repair zone (larger than two
times the wrap width) and is often recommended for weld or dent repairs. This technique is also limited
to repair thickness – if more than 20 layers are to be installed, the spiral wrap method is not
recommended. The design package will state a repair zone width larger than the width of the fabric. The
design package will also state that is to be wrapped with the using the spiral wrap method and indicate
what the calculated overlap will be (explained shortly).

Before beginning this technique, it is crucial to determine if the entire repair zone will be repaired in one
pass or if the repair zone should be divided into multiple sections. As a general guide, if the repair zone
exceeds 4 feet, it should be divided into multiple sections. The directions that immediately follow are for
repairs where the entire repair zone is to be wrapped in one pass. With this technique, after the load
transfer filler is applied, the adhesive primer should extend two inches beyond the indicated repair zone
on the design package. The following directions should be followed for the “spiral wrap” installation
technique:

1) Apply the load transfer filler and the adhesive primer. Wait for the primer to become tacky.

2) After preparing the first roll, unroll a few feet and place at one end of the repair zone. There
should still be two inches between the edge of the wrap and end of the adhesive primer.
a. If the pipe is sloped or vertical, always begin the spiral wrap method from the lowest
point and wrap upward.
3) Continue unrolling the A+ Wrap™ around the pipe, overlapping itself, until it begins to overlap
the initial layer by a few inches.
4) During the remainder of the application, it is crucial that water is continuously sprayed onto the
roll. It is recommended that the inside of each layer is sprayed as it is being applied and then
once more on the outside of each layer.

5) After the first layer, if applicable, follow the directions in the following section to install the Pig
Marker™ system at each end of the repair zone.

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6) Continue wrapping the A+ Wrap™ material around the pipe, overlapping itself until two
complete layers are achieved.
7) After the second layer has been applied, begin to pull the wrap tightly at a minimum once per
side of pipe. This is to ensure a tight fit application and minimizes the possibility of voids. For
large pipe (24” OD or greater), it is recommended that an effort is taken to pull the wrap tightly
twice per side of pipe; once when receiving the roll and again before the roll is passed on to the
other side.
8) Begin angling the wrap and working down the remaining repair zone overlapping the previous
wrap by the indicated amount (Unless noted otherwise, a 50% overlap is required).

9) If the end of a roll is reached and more A+ Wrap™ is required, open an additional roll and follow
the same roll preparation procedure. Overlap the end of the previous roll by 4-6 inches with the
new roll before continuing to wrap.

10) Continue to pull tightly and apply vigorous amounts of water to the inside and outside of each
layer.
11) Continue wrapping at an angle until the end of the repair zone is reached (leaving 2” of adhesive
primer). Each pass counts as two layers when a 50% overlap is being utilized.
12) Wrap two complete layers at the end and reverse direction. Be sure to wrap Pig Markers™ here,
if applicable.

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13) Continue wrapping and repeating until all designated rolls are used or the appropriate layer
count is achieved.
14) Immediately constrictor wrap (4-6 layers) and immediately perforate to allow A+ Wrap™ to off-
gas (see page 39 for details on this step).

If multiple segments are to be utilized in a spiral wrap repair, the following steps needs to be
implemented:

1) First, determine what the length that each segment will be.
2) The adhesive Primer needs to be applied only over the segment to be wrapped; an additional 2
inches are to be added at the end of the repair zone and an additional 4 inches need to extend
beyond the end of the first segment where a tie-in is to occur.

3) Begin wrapping at the tie-in location. After wrapping the first two layers, begin spiral wrapping.
4) Upon reaching the edge of the repair zone, wrap once, install Pig Markers™, if required. Achieve
a 2nd layer and then continue spiral wrapping.

5) Upon reaching the tie-in location, the end of the 2nd pass should leave 2 inches of the 1st pass
exposed (tie-in tab).
6) Continue wrapping until the required layer count is achieved.
7) Immediately constrictor wrap (4-6 layers) and immediately perforate to allow A+ Wrap™ to off-
gas (see page 34 for details on this step).

8) When starting the next segment, leave another 2 inch tie-in tab, if required. This segment will
wrap over the initial tie-in tab.
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9) Continue wrapping in this manner until the entire repair zone is completed.
10) Immediately constrictor wrap (4-6 layers) and immediately perforate to allow A+ Wrap™ to off-
gas (see page 34 for details on this step).

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Offset Method
The offset method is used when the minimum required repair zone is larger than the composite width
and the layer count exceeds 20 or the A+ Wrap™ is being applied on large pipe. The design package will
state a repair zone in increments of the width of the fabric. Before beginning this technique, it is crucial
to determine if the entire repair zone will be primed at once or if the adhesive primer needs to be
applied in segments. As a general guide, if the repair zone exceeds 4 feet, the adhesive primer should be
applied in segments.

One concern often brought up is with regards to the space between two sections. A proper installation
will leave no visible gap, however there may be a reduced thickness in between the section. While
minimum direct strength is provided in this transition area, the A+ Wrap™ system, when installed using
the offset method, relies on the “Edge Effect”. The “Edge Effect” is a strength of materials phenomena,
not exclusive to composite repairs, where residual reinforcement extends beyond the physical limits of
the actual reinforcing material. The use of the “Edge Effect” phenomena enables the systems to have a
misalignment of approximately ½” from one section to another without affecting the structural integrity
of the repair. Although the structural integrity is not in question, an additional concern involves the
potential for moisture ingress though this “gap”. To ensure that this does not become an issue, the
offset method offsets the first two layers by 2 inches to prevent a direct water ingress path.

With this technique, after the load transfer filler is applied, the adhesive primer should extend two
inches beyond the starting end of the repair zone and two inches beyond the first segment (or two
inches beyond the end of the repair zone, if applicable). The following directions should be followed for
the “offset method” installation technique demonstrating the adhesive primer being applied in multiple
segments:

1) Apply the load transfer filler over the entire repair zone and the adhesive primer in the first
segment. The primer should extend an additional two inches at the edge of the repair zone and
a minimum of four inches at the tie-in location. Wait for the adhesive primer to achieve proper
tackiness.

2) After preparing the first roll, unroll a few feet and place 4 inches in from the end of the adhesive
primer. There should still be two inches of exposed adhesive primer at the tie-in location. (The
initial two layers will be offset from the rest the of the installation)
3) During the remainder of the application, it is crucial that water is continuously sprayed onto the
roll. It is recommended that the inside of each layer is sprayed as it is being applied and then
once more on the outside of each layer.

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4) Continue unrolling the A+ Wrap™ around the pipe until two layers are installed.
5) Using scissors, cut the fabric cleanly.

6) Restart the installation two inches from the end of the adhesive primer. There should now be a
2 inch tie-in tab as well as an additional 2 inches of adhesive primer at the tie-in location.
7) Continue unrolling the A+ Wrap™ around the pipe until it begins to overlap the new initial layer
by a few inches.

8) After the first new layer (layer three in total), if applicable, follow the directions in the following
section to install the Pig Marker™ system at each end of the repair zone.

9) Once installed, continue wrapping the A+ Wrap™ material around the pipe keeping the repair
centered.
10) After the second layer has been applied, begin to pull the wrap tightly at a minimum once per
side of pipe. This is to ensure a tight fit application and minimizes the possibility of voids. For
large pipe (24” OD or greater), it is recommended that an effort is taken to pull the wrap tightly
twice per side of pipe; once when receiving the roll and again before the roll is passed on to the
other side.

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11) Continue applying the A+ Wrap™ product until the desired layer count is achieved or the end of
the roll. For pipes over 18” OD, it is recommended that an installation “break” is taken near
every 20th layer (whenever a roll ends naturally). An installation “break” consists of:
a. Immediately apply constrictor wrap in the same direction as the wrap installation and
immediately perforate.
b. Allow 15-20 minutes for compression and initial off-gassing.
c. Remove the constrictor wrap gently – make sure to not peel off the A+ Wrap™ material.
d. Continue applying for another approximate 20 layers if required before repeating.
12) If the end of a roll is reached and more A+ Wrap™ is required, open an additional roll and follow
the same roll preparation procedure. Overlap the end of the previous roll by 6 inches with the
new roll before continuing to wrap.
13) Continue to pull tightly and apply vigorous amounts of water to the inside and outside of each
layer.
14) Once the first segment is completed, immediately constrictor wrap and immediately perforate
(pg. 34), then adhesive primer needs to be installed for the next segment. A secondary crew can
be utilized to keep applying adhesive primer ahead of the wrapping crew to speed up the
installation process.

15) Begin wrapping with an offset (the first two layers will be indented an extra two inches; they will
not overwrap the tie-in tab).

16) After applying two layers, cut the fabric and apply the remaining layers overwrapping the initial
tie-in tab.

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17) Continue this process until the entire repair zone has been wrapped. The last segment does not
require a tie-in tab to be generated – rather, all layers should be lined up at the edge of the
repair (allowing 2 inches of exposed adhesive primer to remain visible). Be sure to include Pig
Markers™, if applicable, in the last segment on the first layer.

18) After final layer count is achieved, immediately apply 4-6 layers of constrictor wrap and
immediately perforate repair zone to allow off-gassing to occur (see pg. 34 for more details)

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Installation of Pig Markers™ (optional)

In most transmission pipeline installations, Pig Markers™ are installed at each end of the repair zone.
The intent of these markers are to indicate the location of the repair on any future pigging inspections. A
Pig Marker™ set contains four magnets, typically in a plastic container. The magnets are high powered
and should not be stored near any sensitive equipment. In order to ensure effectiveness and prevent
any issues, it is critical that the following directions are followed whenever installing a Pig Marker™.

Before installing the pig marker system, consider the two recommended installation layouts for Pig
Markers™. If a flow direction is consistent and it is desired to mark this direction with pig markers, one
marker can be installed on the downstream side (12:00 o’clock position) and the remaining three are to
be installed on the upstream side to form a triangle indicating flow direction (9:00, 12:00 and 3:00
o’clock). If flow direction is not a concern, it is recommended to place two magnets on either end of the
repair (10:00 and 2:00). For large pipes (24” OD or greater), it is recommended that the amount of
markers installed at each location is doubled to increase visibility when viewing the inspection data.

Upon reaching the optional step for installing Pig Markers™ in the previous installation techniques
section, the following steps are to be followed:

1) Ensure that one or two layers are installed at the end of the repair system.
2) Apply a small batch of the adhesive primer at each location where a Pig Marker™ is to be
installed – approximately 1” from the outside edge and 2” apart.
3) Firmly place the Pig Marker™ into the adhesive primer; avoid entrapping air.
4) Apply more adhesive primer over the Pig Marker™. This is to reduce any chance of entrapped
air.
5) Overwrap the Pig Marker™ with a minimum of 3 layers of A+ Wrap™.
6) Continue applying A+ Wrap™ per the installation technique applicable.

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Troubleshooting
The following list contains issues that may be encountered during installation and tips for avoiding or
correcting these issues:

 Water cannot be used due to near freezing conditions

o Depending on the temperature, propylene glycol can be mixed in with warm water to
prevent water from freezing
o Contact a Milliken Infrastructure Solutions representative for further information
 Slack develops in the roll resulting in a “bubble” underneath the current layer
o This issue can occur is if uneven tension is applied
 Installers on each side of pipe should be creating uniform tension by placing
fingers into the core of the A+ roll before pulling tight
o Immediately stop and cut the fabric
o Completely eliminate bubble by massaging air out of fabric
o Flip over the roll to reverse built in tension
o Reapply with a 6” overlap
o Avoid unevenly pulling on the A+ Wrap™ using only the edges

 A+ Wrap™ materials is beginning to get very hot and may set-up before repair is finished
o This can occur on warm pipe or in hot ambient conditions
o Ensure that cold water is being used when possible
o Finish the remaining material on the roll if possible or cut and discard remainder
o Immediately constrictor wrap the A+ Wrap™ material, immediately perforate and wait
for 30 minutes
o Remove constrictor wrap and continue applying additional layers

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 One edge of the A+ Wrap™ fabric is in tension while the other side develops slack
o This can occur if installation is occurring over irregularities such as girth welds, dents or
if excessive overlapping is occurring.
o Either follow the same “cut and flip” procedure used for the “bubble” or
o Alternatively, cur far enough into the fabric to relieve the tension
o Massage the fabric and pull tightly to remove voids (if present)

 A+ Wrap™ Roll has a hard spot

o If the hard spot is less than 1in2, continue wrapping
o If the hard spot is larger (but still localized), cut the section out and continue wrapping
o If the hard spot infects a large portion of the roll (and multiple layers), discard the roll
and use an extra roll.
o Contact a MIS representative for further information
 Additional defect or unexpected obstacle in the repair zone
o Contact a MIS representative and discuss the situation – the currently proposed design
may not be adequate and will require a redesign and possibly more material
o A designed repair can only be performed based on the information given – if something
seems wrong with design package as compared to the on-site information, please verify
with a MIS representative before proceeding with repair

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7) Constrictor Wrap and Perforating

After the final repair thickness or layer count has been achieved (or as an intermediate step if required),
the constrictor wrap shall immediately be applied tightly, typically, using a spiral wrap technique
extending a minimum 2 inches past the repair zone. A minimum layer count of 4 layers is required for
the constrictor wrap, although 6 is preferred; when applying with a spiral wrap method, remember that
a 50% overlap yields two layers per pass. Constrictor wrapping ensures that the composite repair is
compact, reduces possibility of underlying voids and protects the composite during the curing process.

Regular shrink wrap cannot be used a substitute for constrictor wrap.

After applying 4-6 layers of constrictor wrap, immediately use the perforating tool to perforate. Minimal
pressure should be applied – the objective is to create holes in the plastic, not in the fabric underneath.
Perforating achieves two primary goals: in the case of the A+ Wrap™, it allows the system to off-gas
(carbon dioxide) through the constrictor wrap and any excess resin and water is squeezed out of the
composite ensuring a stronger repair.

After applying the constrictor wrap, inspect the entire repair to ensure that there are no bulging pockets
under the wrap. If any bulging spots are observed, perforate the area to release entrapped gasses.
Additionally, some resin should be squeezed out of the perforations (resin dots); if very minimal resin is
coming through, it may indicate that the perforations did not go through the plastic. Alternatively, it
could indicate that sufficient water was not applied to the composite or that the A+ Wrap™ has already
begun to harden which indicates that the constrictor wrap was not applied soon enough. Once the resin
dots begin to harden and can be flaked off (allow minimum 2 hours) the constrictor wrap is ready to be
removed. The constrictor wrap should peel off with no issues. If a razor blade is utilized to assist, ensure
that the composite fabric is not cut into as this may cause damage to the repair.

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8) Repair Inspection Guide

At the conclusion of a repair procedure, before the area is to be recoated and (most likely) buried, it is
good practice to inspect the repair. It is very important to have accurate records kept during the repair
procedure; this will help eliminate issues during the repair installation as well as assist in
troubleshooting any defects or anomalies in the repair at the conclusion of an installation. Milliken
Infrastructure Solutions provides copies of the ‘Quality Verification Form for A+ Wrap’ with each order.
It is strongly recommended that these forms are kept on hand and filled out properly as the repair
procedure is carried out. These forms should be taken seriously in order to decrease the potential for
errors. The process for inspection incorporates just a couple of simple nondestructive techniques.

Visual Inspection
This is the primary inspection method for in-service inspections. This method can detect the following
discrepancies:
- Resin starvation
- Resin richness
- Wrinkles
- Ply bridging
- Discoloration (due to overheating, lightning strike, etc.)
- Impact damage
- Foreign matter
- Blisters
- Disbonding
- And more
Most types of damage are visible on the composite’s surface (i.e. scorch, dent, chips, etc.). If visible
damage is observed, the affected area should be more closely examined. Utilization of tools such as a
magnifying glasses, mirrors, or flashlights is recommended to get a closer look at the damage. Visual
inspection CANNOT detect internal flaws in the composite; more sophisticated NDI techniques are
needed for this and recommended when possible.
Audible Sonic Testing (Tap Test)
This technique makes use of frequencies in the audible range of 10 Hz to 20 Hz and can be extremely
accurate if conducted by experienced personnel. This is the most common technique used for the
detection of delamination and/ disbondment. The method is accomplished by tapping the inspection
area with a solid round disk or lightweight hammer-like device, listening to the response of the structure
to the hammer.
- A clear, sharp, ringing sound is indicative of a well-bonded solid structure
- A dull or ‘thud-like’ sound would indicate a discrepant area
The tapping rate should be rapid enough to produce adequate sound for any difference in sound tone to
be discernable to the ear. Inherent in the method is the possibility that changes within the internal
elements of the structure might produce pitch changes that are interpreted as defects, when they may

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** This information is confidential and was prepared by Milliken Pipe Wrap solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared
with a 3rd party without Milliken Pipe Wrap's prior written consent
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in fact be present by design. The inspection area should be kept as quiet as possible and should be
carried out by experienced personnel.
Automated Tap test
Very similar test procedure to the Audible Sonic Testing, but instead of using a hammer, a solenoid is
used. The solenoid produces multiple impacts in a single area. The tip of the impactor has a transducer
that records the force versus time signal of the impactor. The magnitude of the force depends on the
impactor, the impact energy, and the mechanical properties of the structure. The impact duration
(period) is not sensitive to the magnitude of the impact force, however, this duration changes as the
stiffness of the structure is altered. The signal from an unflawed region is used for calibration, any
deviation from the unflawed signal would indicate the existence of damage.
Hardness Test
A Shore D hardness test can be used to assess the degree of cure of the composite. Once the composite
is fully cured, the hardness should measure at least 72 on the Shore D scale. Note: A Shore A durometer
can NOT be used as a replacement.
9) Top-coating the Repair
The A+ Wrap™ has UV inhibitors in the resin, however, in most cases, a top-coat should be applied to
the repair. The top-coat should be opaque on above ground pipes to minimize heat build-up to the
composite. The top-coat on a composite repair serves two primary purposes:

1) Protection from UV and other harsh environmental factors.

2) Additional coating to prevent water ingress.

The provided adhesive primer may be used as a top-coat; most conventional pipe coatings will work as
well, if there are any concerns, please contact a MIS representative to determine compatibility.
Additionally, it is recommended that at a minimum, the edges of the composite are sealed to help
prevent any potential from moisture ingress through the sides.

Specific to the polyurethane pre-preg systems such as A+ Wrap™, outgassing from the composite repair
occurs even after the system has initially hardened. The time it takes to finish outgassing is heavily
influenced by the ambient and pipe temperature, how thoroughly the system was wet-out and thickness
of repair. Depending on these conditions, outgassing can occur for several days, although typically a top-
coat can be applied within 2-4 hours. Outgassing may cause issues with liquid coatings if applied too
soon as pockets of air may become trapped. For further information and details, contact a MIS
representative.

It is Milliken Infrastructure Solutions stance that the initial layer of adhesive primer, when applied
correctly, acts as a coating. The additional top-coat on the repair is to protect the composite from
external elements and acts as a secondary backup to the internal coating.

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** This information is confidential and was prepared by Milliken Pipe Wrap solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared
with a 3rd party without Milliken Pipe Wrap's prior written consent
 Version 1.0.1 (4/12/2017)

37
** This information is confidential and was prepared by Milliken Pipe Wrap solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared
with a 3rd party without Milliken Pipe Wrap's prior written consent