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PROGRAM NAME: ETABS

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AISC DG02 Example 002

STEEL BEAM WITH REINFORCED OPENING

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
A concentric 11x20 in. opening must be placed in a W18x55 section at a location
where the factored shear is 30 kips and the factored moment is 300 kip-ft. The
beam is laterally braced throughout its length. A992Fy50 steel is used. Can an
unreinforced opening be placed? If not, what reinforcement is required?

OPENING GEOMETRY

AISC DG02 Example 002 - 1

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TECHNICAL FEATURES OF ETABS TESTED

Composite beam web openings.

RESULTS COMPARISON

Independent results in this table are taken from the hand calculations presented
below. These calculations parallel and at times refine the calculations presented
in Example 2 from “Design Guide 2: Steel and Composite Beams with Web
Openings”, Design Guide Series Number 2, AISC 1990.

Percent
Output Parameter ETABS Independent
Difference

Required Strength Mu (kip-in) 3600 3600 0.00%

Required Strength Vu (kips) 30 30 0.00%

Unreinforced Mm (kip-in) 4509 4509 0.00%

Unreinforced Vm tee (kips) 13.32 13.32 0.00%

UnreinforcedVm (kips) 23.98 23.98 0.00%

Unreinforced Interaction Ratio 1.351 1.351 0.00%

Reinforced Mm (kip-in) 4831 4831 0.00%

Reinforced Vm tee (kips) 21.49 21.49 0.00%

ReinforcedVm (kips) 38.68 38.68 0.00%

Reinforced Interaction Ratio 0.958 0.958 0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: AISC DG02 EXAMPLE 002.EDB

CONCLUSION
The ETABS results show an excellent comparison with the independent results.

AISC DG02 Example 002 - 2

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HAND CALCULATION

Properties:
Materials:
A992Fy50 Steel
E = 29,000 ksi, Fy = 50 ksi, wsteel = 490 pcf
Section:
W18x55, as defined in the Design Guide example and in the AISC LRFD
Manual 2nd Edition:
d = 18.11 in, bf = 7.53 in, tf = 0.63 in, tw = 0.39 in
As = 16.2 in2, Z = 112.4 in3
Because newer AISC manuals list the depth of a W18x55 as 18.1 in, the ETABS
section definition is retrieved from the ETABS legacy section property tables.

Proportioning Guidelines:
Opening Proportions:
a0
 1.82  3
h0
Opening parameter:
a0 6h0 20 6 • 11
p0      1.82  6 • 0.61  5.46  5.6
h0 d 11 18.11
Tee depth:
sb st 0.5 • (18.11  11) 3.56
    0.196  0.15
d d 18.11 18.11
Tee dimensions:
a0 20
b t    5.63  12
s 3.56
Buckling of tee shaped compression zone:
 t  5.63  4

AISC DG02 Example 002 - 3

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Mu 3600
  6.63  20
Vu d 30 • 18.11

Maximum Moment Capacity of Beam at Web Opening without Reinforcement:

For the unperforated section:
M p  Fy Z  50 • 112  5600kip-in

At the web opening, using ASCE 23-97 Equation C3:

 h 
M m    M p  Fy As ( 0  abs(e)) 
 4 
 11 
 0.9 5600  50 • 11 • 0.39 • ( )   4509 kip-in
 4 

Maximum Shear Capacity of Beam at Web Opening without Reinforcement:

Shear Capacity of Bottom and Top Tees:
Fy tw s 50 • 0.39 • 3.555
Vp bottom  Vp top    40.02 kips
3 3
  0 given that the beam is not composite and the opening is not reinforced
6 6
Vm bottom  Vp bottom  • 40.02  13.32 kips
 3 5.63  3
Total Shear Capacity:
Vm  (Vmbottom  Vmtop )  0.9 • 26.64  23.98kips

Interaction Equation without Reinforcement:

1/3
  V 3  M 3 
1/3
 30 3  3600 3  1/3
 u         1.2513  0.798   1.351
3

   
u

 Vm   M m    23.98   4509    

Therefore, the opening needs to be reinforced.

AISC DG02 Example 002 - 4

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Maximum Moment Capacity of Beam at Web Opening with Reinforcement:

Try 1.733 in x 3/8 in plate reinforcement on top and bottom of opening:
Awr = 0.65 in2
As  h0tw  2 Awr  11 • 0.39  2 • 0.65  2.99in 2

Since e = 0, e  Awr / tw ASCE 23-97 Equation C4 applies:

  h2  
M m  M p  Fy tw  0  h0 • abs(e)  e 2   Awr h0   M p
  4  
 112 
 5600  50 0.39  0.65 • 11  5367.6 kip-in  5600 kip-in
 4 
M m  0.9 • 5367.6  4831kip-in

Maximum Shear Capacity of Beam at Web Opening with Reinforcement:

Shear Capacity of Bottom and Top Tees:
Fy tw s 50 • 0.39 • 3.555
Vp bottom  Vp top    40.02 kips
3 3
Awr 0.65
ss  3.555   3.51
2b f 2 • 7.53

a0 20
   5.70
s 3.51
Distance from outside edge of flange to centroid reinforcement:
3
d r  3.555   3.368 in.
16
Axial force in opening reinforcement:
Fy twa0
Pr  Fy Awr 
2 3
 50 • 0.65  32.5kips  113kips
2 Pr d r 2 • 32.5 • 3.368
   1.54
Vp s 40.02 • 3.555

AISC DG02 Example 002 - 5

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6 6  1.54
Vm bottom  Vm top  Vp  • 40.02  21.49 kips
 3 5.70  3
Total Shear Capacity:
Vm  (Vmbottom  Vmtop )  0.9 • 2 • 21.49  38.68kips

Interaction Equation:
1/3
  V 3  M 3 
1/3
 30 3  3600 3  1/3
 u         0.7753  0.745   0.958
3

   
u
   
 Vm   M m  
  38.68   4830  

AISC DG02 Example 002 - 6