No.

284MM

1271 OXYGEN BOMB

CALORIMETER

Operating Instruction Manual

S/N 1 - 999
 1992 Parr Instrument Company
All Rights Reserved
Table of Contents

Preface I

Scope .................................................................................................................................. I
Getting Started .................................................................................................................... I

Concept of Operation 1-1

A Completely Automatic Procedure .................................................................................... 1-1

New Convenience - New Technology ................................................................................. 1-1

Installation 2-1

Unpacking ........................................................................................................................... 2-1

Required Consumables and Power Requirements ............................................................ 2-1
Installing the Calorimeter .................................................................................................... 2-2
Installing the Oxygen Filling System ................................................................................... 2-2
Plumbing ............................................................................................................................. 2-3
Electrical Connections......................................................................................................... 2-7
Link Connections................................................................................................................. 2-7
Optional Balance Port Connection ...................................................................................... 2-8
Optional Smart Link Connection(s) ..................................................................................... 2-9
Printer.................................................................................................................................. 2-10
Initial Calorimeter System Startup....................................................................................... 2-10
Retrieve the Bomb Head..................................................................................................... 2-11
Pre-testing Cycle................................................................................................................. 2-11

Instrument Description 3-1

Page and Line No. Selection............................................................................................... 3-1

Types of Controls ................................................................................................................ 3-1
Keyboard............................................................................................................................. 3-2

Program Installation & Control 4-1

Software Installation............................................................................................................ 4-1

Default Settings................................................................................................................... 4-1
Revised Default Settings..................................................................................................... 4-1

Operating Instructions 5-1

Attaching the Cotton Thread ............................................................................................... 5-1

Calorimeter Operating Sequence........................................................................................ 5-1
Fill Cycle.............................................................................................................................. 5-3
Pre-Period ........................................................................................................................... 5-3
Bomb Firing......................................................................................................................... 5-3
Post-Period ......................................................................................................................... 5-3
Drain.................................................................................................................................... 5-5
1131 Oxygen Bomb Operating Instructions ........................................................................ 5-7

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Table of Contents

Allowable Sample Size........................................................................................................ 5-7

Installing the Heating Wire .................................................................................................. 5-9
Samples and Sample Holders............................................................................................. 5-10
Operating Suggestions........................................................................................................ 5-13
1551 Water Cooler Operating Instructions ......................................................................... 5-14

Corrections & Final Reports 6-1

Entering Corrections and Obtaining the Final Report ......................................................... 6-1

Manual Entry ....................................................................................................................... 6-1
Fixed Corrections ................................................................................................................ 6-2
Automatic Data Transfers ................................................................................................... 6-2

Reporting Instructions 7-1

Report Option Selection ...................................................................................................... 7-1

Report Destination .............................................................................................................. 7-1
Report Generation............................................................................................................... 7-1
Net Heat of Combustion...................................................................................................... 7-2

Memory Management 8-1

Clearing Memory................................................................................................................. 8-1

Editing Memory ................................................................................................................... 8-1

Maintenance & Troubleshooting 9-1

MAINTENANCE
Access to the Interior of 1271 Work Station (A750DD2)..................................................... 9-1
Time/Test Scheduled Maintenance for A750DD2 Calorimeter Mechanism........................ 9-2
Daily Maintenance (Before Testing).................................................................................... 9-2
50 to 100 Tests ................................................................................................................... 9-3
Semiannual ........................................................................................................................ 9-3
500 Tests ............................................................................................................................ 9-3
5000 Tests .......................................................................................................................... 9-7
TROUBLESHOOTING
O2 Low Pressure ................................................................................................................ 9-7
A865DD Pump Service ....................................................................................................... 9-8
Shaft Replacement.............................................................................................................. 9-8
Pneumatic Solenoid Replacement ...................................................................................... 9-9
I/O Driver Board (A1490E) Troubleshooting ....................................................................... 9-9
Sample Does Not Burn ....................................................................................................... 9-10
Open Fuse Correction......................................................................................................... 9-10
Head Extraction Procedure ................................................................................................. 9-10
1271 Head Timing Procedure ............................................................................................. 9-12
Pneumatic Cylinder Check.................................................................................................. 9-13
1271 Error Messages.......................................................................................................... 9-15

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Appendix A - Menu Operating Instructions A-1

Calorimeter Operations, Page 1.......................................................................................... A-1

Operating Controls, Page 2................................................................................................. A-1
Spike Controls, Page 2.3 .................................................................................................... A-2
Bomb Rinse Tank Control, Page 2.4................................................................................... A-2
Rinse Timing, Page 2.4.5.................................................................................................... A-2
Water Tank Filling Controls, Page 2.5 ................................................................................ A-3
Program Information and Control, Page 3 .......................................................................... A-4
Calibration Data and Control, Page 4 ................................................................................ A-5
Bomb 1, Page 4.7 ............................................................................................................... A-5
Thermochemical Calculations, Page 5 ............................................................................... A-6
Calculation Factors, Page 5.7 ............................................................................................. A-7
Data Entry Controls, Page 6 ............................................................................................... A-8
Preweigh Sample ID Controls, Page 6.9............................................................................. A-8
Reporting Controls, Page 7 ................................................................................................ A-8
Printer Controls, Page 7.1................................................................................................... A-8
Communication Controls, Page 8 ...................................................................................... A-9
Smart Link Controls, Page 8.1 ............................................................................................ A-9
Printer Port Communications, Page 8.2.............................................................................. A-10
Balance Port Communications, Page 8.3 ........................................................................... A-10
Terminal Port Communications, Page 8.4 .......................................................................... A-10
Diagnostics, Page 9 ........................................................................................................... A-11
I/O Diagnostics, Page 9.2 ................................................................................................... A-11
Keyboard Diagnostic, Page 9.5........................................................................................... A-12
Basic Calorimeter Functions, Page 9.7............................................................................... A-12

Appendix B - Calculations B-1

Calculating the Heat of Combustion.................................................................................... B-1

General Calculations........................................................................................................... B-1
Thermochemical Corrections .............................................................................................. B-1
ASTM and ISO Methods Differ............................................................................................ B-2
Thermochemical Calculation Details................................................................................... B-3
ASTM Treatment for Acid and Sulfur .................................................................................. B-5
ISO Calculations ................................................................................................................. B-5
Spiking Samples ................................................................................................................. B-6
Conversion to Other Moisture Bases .................................................................................. B-6
Calculation of Net Heat of Combustion ............................................................................... B-6

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Table of Contents

Appendix C - Standardization C-1

Standardizing the Calorimeter............................................................................................. C-1

Standard Materials .............................................................................................................. C-1
Automatic Statistical Calculations ....................................................................................... C-1

Appendix D - Communication Interfaces D-1

Required Software Versions ............................................................................................... D-1

Required Hardware ............................................................................................................. D-2
Smart Link Configurations................................................................................................... D-2
Smart Link Configuration Checklist ..................................................................................... D-2
Smart Link Configuration Cabling ....................................................................................... D-3
RS232C Connection ........................................................................................................... D-3
Terminal Port Connections.................................................................................................. D-3

Appendix E - Technical Service E-1

Return for Repair................................................................................................................. E-1

Appendix F - Parts List F-1

1271 Calorimeter Parts List................................................................................................. F-1

1271 Calorimeter Controller Parts List ................................................................................ F-2
A570DD Oxygen Regulator Parts List................................................................................. F-2
1271 Calorimeter Bucket Assembly Parts List .................................................................... F-3
1271 Calorimeter Jacket Assembly Parts List..................................................................... F-3
1131 Oxygen Bomb Parts List (Cylinder)............................................................................ F-4
A851DD Oxygen Bomb Parts List (Head)........................................................................... F-4
1271 Calorimeter Accessories Parts List ............................................................................ F-5
1271 Calorimeter Tubing & Connectors.............................................................................. F-6
1271 Calorimeter Closed Water System............................................................................. F-6
1279 Calorimeter Spare Parts Kit ....................................................................................... F-7

Figure

2-1 1271 Calorimeter External Plumbing-1 System ..................................................... 2-4

2-2 Plumbing for 2 Calorimeter System ........................................................................ 2-5
2-3 1551 Water Cooler Top View .................................................................................. 2-6
2-4 Calorimeter I and II Electrical Hookup..................................................................... 2-8
2-5 Closed Water Handling System Rear Panel ........................................................... 2-9
2-6 1551 Water Cooler Electric Circuits ....................................................................... 2-11
2-7 1551 Water Cooler Front View ................................................................................ 2-11
2-8 1271 Calorimeter Rear Panel.................................................................................. 2-12
2-9 Controller Rear Panel.............................................................................................. 2-12
3-1 1271 Calorimeter Keyboard .................................................................................... 3-2
4-1 1271 Factory Default Settings ................................................................................. 4-2

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 5-1 Cotton Thread Assembly......................................................................................... 5-1
5-2 Fill Flow Diagram..................................................................................................... 5-2
5-3 Pre-Period - Post-Period ......................................................................................... 5-4
5-4 1131 Oxygen Bomb................................................................................................. 5-5
5-5 Rinse and Cool Flow Diagram................................................................................. 5-6
5-6 Drain Flow Diagram................................................................................................. 5-8
5-7 Heat Wire Assembly................................................................................................ 5-9
5-8 Combustion Capsule with Adhesive Tape Seal ...................................................... 5-13
9-1 1271 Outer Shell Disassembly ................................................................................ 9-5
9-2 A750DD2 Work Station Wiring Diagram ................................................................ 9-20
9-3 Solenoid Wiring Schematic ..................................................................................... 9-21
9-4 Switch Wiring Schematic......................................................................................... 9-22
9-5 Pneumatic Diagram................................................................................................. 9-23
9-6 Jacket Plumbing Diagram ....................................................................................... 9-24
9-7 Plate Assembly........................................................................................................ 9-25
9-8 Internal Plumbing Diagram...................................................................................... 9-26
9-9 Loader Assembly..................................................................................................... 9-27
9-10 Controller Power Supply.......................................................................................... 9-28
9-11 Valve Assembly....................................................................................................... 9-29
F-1 Pump & Motor Assembly......................................................................................... F-8
F-2 Bomb Head Assembly............................................................................................. F-9
F-3 Pump Block Assembly............................................................................................. F-10
F-4 Oxygen Bomb Vessel Assembly ............................................................................. F-11

Tables
9-1 Fuse Assignments................................................................................................... 9-7
B-1 Settings for ISO & BSI Methods .............................................................................. B-4
D-1 Software Required................................................................................................... D-2
D-2 Cables ..................................................................................................................... D-3
D-3 Terminal Port Specifications.................................................................................... D-4
D-4 Printer Port Specifications ....................................................................................... D-4
D-5 Balance Port Specifications..................................................................................... D-5
D-6 Calorimetry Run Storage Definitions ...................................................................... D-6
D-7 Data Entered - Bit Definitions .................................................................................. D-6

i-v
Preface

Scope used with the 1271 Calorimeter have

been included and made a part of these
This manual contains instructions for instructions.
installing and operating the Parr 1271
Calorimeter. For ease of use, the No. Description
manual is divided into ten chapters. 201M Limited Warranty
202M Introduction to Bomb
Concept of Operation Calorimetry
Installation 207M Analytical Methods for
Instrument Description Oxygen Bombs
Program Installation and Control 216M 1551 Water Cooler
Operating Instructions 244MM 1755 Printer
Corrections & Final Reports
Reporting Instructions Additional instructions for the printer are
Memory Management found in the respective package and
Maintenance Instructions should be made a part of this book.
Appendices
264M Dot Matrix Printer DP8340
Subsections of these chapters are
identified in the Table of Contents. Getting Started

To assure successful installation and These steps are offered to help the user
operation, the user must study all become familiar with, install, operate
instructions carefully before starting to and develop the full capabilities of the
use the calorimeter to obtain an Parr 1271 Calorimeter.
understanding of the capabilities of the
equipment and the safety precautions to 1. Review the Concept of Operations,
be observed in the operation. Chapter 1, to get an understanding
of the overall capabilities of the
Additional instructions concerning the calorimeter and microprocessor
installation and operation of various control.
component parts and peripheral items

CUSTOMER SERVICE

Questions concerning the installation

or operation of this instrument
can be answered by
the Customer Service Department of
Parr Instrument Company
(309) 762-7716 (800) 872-7720
Fax: (309) 762-9453

http://www.parrinst.com [email protected]

I
2. Unpack and install the calorimeter in capabilities and flexibility designed
accordance with the Installation into this instrument.
Instructions, Chapter 2. This simple,
step-wise procedure will acquaint 7. Review the Calculations, Appendix
the user with the various parts of the B. This provides information about
calorimeter and make it easier to calculations performed by the 1271
understand the operating Calorimeter.
instructions which follow.
8. Review Standardization, Appendix
3. With the tank link connection cord C. This will serve two important
between the controller and the functions. First, it provides
calorimeter disconnected, turn the instructions on generating the
power switch ON (located at the energy equivalent factor required to
back, right of the controller). Turn to calculate the heat of combustion of
the Instrument Description, Chapter unknown samples. Secondly, it will
3, to review the keyboard controls. give the user the opportunity to run
tests on a material with a known
4. Review the Program Installation and heat of combustion to become
Control, Chapter 4, to match the familiar with the instrument and
factory settings to the intended confirm that the instrument and
mode of operation. Any required operating procedures are producing
changes can be made to the results with acceptable precision.
program parameters located in the Most 1271 Calorimeters will have an
Main Menu. energy equivalent of 635 +/- 5
calories per °C. The runs for
5. Review the Reporting Instructions, standardization and determinations
Chapter 7, to become familiar with are identical, except for the setting of
the manner in which calorimetry the instrument to the standardization
corrections are entered. Also or determination mode.
discussed are generating final
reports, editing and clearing 9. Review the Communication
memory. Interfacing, Appendix D, for the
correct installation of any Smart Link
6. Turn to the Menu Operating peripherals to the 1271 Calorimeter.
Instructions, Appendix A, to review
the menu functions used to modify 10. After successful standardization, the
the program contained in the 1271 1271 Calorimeter should be ready
Calorimeter. A review of the menus for testing samples.
will provide a good idea of the

II
Concept of Operation

using a patented, quick sealing

A Completely Automatic mechanism. After the bomb is sealed,
Procedure the loader retracts to break thermal
contact with the bomb head. The bomb
Parr proudly introduces a new Oxygen is completely surrounded by a bucket
Bomb Calorimeter, No. 1271, in which chamber, sealed co-axially with the
new technology is combined with time- bomb head.
proven calorimetric techniques to
produce a completely automatic system After the bomb and bucket are closed
for measuring the heat of combustion of and sealed, the bomb is filled with
solid and liquid fuels, combustible oxygen, the bucket chamber is filled with
wastes, foods, feeds and other oxygen water, initial equilibrium is established,
combustible materials. This new the bomb is fired and the temperature
approach to bomb calorimetry results in rise is monitored and recorded - all
a remarkable simplification of the steps under automatic microprocessor control.
required for a calorimetric test without Then, at the completion of a test,
compromising the need for complete automatic control releases the residual
combustion, rapid heat flow and precise pressure in the bomb, empties the
thermometry which are essential in a bucket and opens the bomb to receive
combustion calorimeter. the next sample.

In the 1271 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter, These new mechanical features support
most of the manual operations in an established technology in which
conventional bomb calorimetry have water is circulated around the bomb to
been eliminated by a new technology bring all inner parts of the calorimeter to
centered around an automatic bomb a uniform temperature rapidly, while true
and bucket loading mechanism. To isoperibol operating conditions are
perform a test, the user simply loads a maintained by an outer water jacket.
sample into a holder, attaches a short Microprocessor based, real time heat
auxiliary fuse, lowers the protective leak corrections are applied to
shield and presses the START key to implement the isoperibol jacketing
begin the procedure. method and to support the Parr rapid
dynamic method for predicting the final
New Convenience - New temperature rise. Precise temperature
Technology measurements are made with thermistor
thermometry providing 0.0001°C
The 1271 Calorimeter represents a resolution over the operating range of
blending of some new unique design the calorimeter.
features with some long proven Parr
calorimetric technology to dramatically In addition to handling all mechanical
simplify the user’s tasks during a operations, the microprocessor makes
calorimetric determination. all calculations and reports and stores
all results, as provided in earlier Parr
In this new design the bomb cylinder isoperibol and adiabatic calorimeters. A
and bucket are mounted permanently in bright, backlit liquid crystal display, 40
the calorimeter, with the bomb cylinder characters wide, 15 lines high, prompts
held in an inverted position. A loading the operator through all setup and
mechanism raises the head and sample operating steps with on-screen menus
into the open bottom of the cylinder and which make user training quite simple.
seals the bomb with a 23-degree twist,

1-1
1-2
Installation

Unpacking Required Consumables and

Power Requirements
The 1271 Calorimeter System and all
component parts are packed in two The 1271 Calorimeter System requires
cartons consisting of the following parts availability of the following compressed
which are easily interconnected to form gas cylinders:
a complete operating system:
• Oxygen, 99.5% purity, with CGA 540
1. A750DD Calorimeter Mechanism connection, 2500 psig, maximum.
2. A200HW Closed Water System
3. 1575 Rinse Tank • Nitrogen or Air, oil and water free,
4. 1551 Water Cooler with CGA 580 connection, 2500
5. A800DD Calorimeter Controller psig, maximum.
6. 1756 Printer
7. 1278A Accessory Installation Kit Approximately 16 liters of distilled water
are required to fill the calorimeter rinse
The 1272 Calorimetric System contains tank.
the following components:
Approximately 20 liters of tap water, with
1. A750DD Calorimeter Mechanism a total hardness of 85 ppm or less, are
2. 1575 Rinse Tank required for filling the Closed Water
3. 1278B Accessory Installation Kit Handling System.
4. Oxygen Bomb, spare
The power requirements for the sub-
All external packing material should be assemblies of the 1271 Calorimeter
removed from around the assemblies System are given below:
mentioned above.
• Calorimeter Mechanism with Closed
Note: Water System -
The packing block located inside the 10A @110VAC
sample loading area of the A750DD 5A @ 220VAC
Calorimeter Mechanism should be
left in place and not removed until • Calorimeter Controller -
called for later in the installation 1A @ 110/220VAC
procedure.
• Water Cooler -
If shipping damage is discovered, report 5.8A @115VAC 60Hz
it immediately to the delivering carrier. 2.9A @ 220 VAC 50 HZ

WARNING - DO NOT OVERFILL THE BOMB

The safety relief valve on the regulator should protect the system from an over fill.
If for any reason, the bomb should accidentally be charged to more than 600 psig (40 atm),
Do not fire the bomb. The dangerous pressures which might develop under such conditions
could damage the bomb and injure the operator. If there is any reason to believe that the
bomb has been over-filled, stop the filling operation immediately, exhaust the bomb and
open it to check for any loss of sample before repeating the filling procedure.

2-1
Installing the Calorimeter detected must be stopped before
proceeding.
Set the calorimeter mechanism on a
level, sturdy bench or table in a location The fill cycle is described in the
that is reasonably free from drafts and is Operating Instructions, Chapter 5, Page
protected from sources of radiant heat, 5-2.
preferably in an air-conditioned room.
The regulator was set at the factory to
The closed water handling system and deliver oxygen at 450 psig, the re-
water cooler may be placed on the commended charging pressure, and
same working surface as the calorimeter should be checked before using the
mechanism, or below it. system by observing the pressure
attained during an actual filling
Note: operation.
There is a five foot restriction on the
interconnecting tubing between To do this, cycle the calorimeter without
each of these three sub-assemblies. a charge and observe the delivery
pressure as shown on the 0-600 psi
Installing the Oxygen Filling gage while the bomb is charging. Adjust
System the regulator, if necessary, to bring the
pressure to 450 psig. If there is any
The 1271 Calorimeter is equipped with doubt about the setting, release the gas
an automatic bomb filling system. It from the bomb and run a second check.
consists of a pressure regulator
(A570DD) which is mounted on the Note:
oxygen tank and a control and During extended periods of inactivity
measurement system mounted in the (overnight or longer), close the tank
calorimeter case. valve to prevent leakage. When
changing oxygen tanks, close the
To install the regulator, unscrew the tank valve and pull the relief valve to
protecting cap from the oxygen tank and exhaust the system. Do not use oil or
inspect the threads on the tank outlet to combustible lubricants on this filling
be sure they are clean and in good system or on any devices handling
condition. oxygen under pressure. Keep all
threads, fittings and gaskets clean
Place the ball end of the regulator in the and in good condition.
outlet and draw up the union nut tightly,
keeping the gages tilted slightly back The recommended 450 psig filling
from an upright position. pressure is slightly higher than the
30 atm prescribed in Parr bomb and
Connect the regulator so that the arrow calorimeter instruction manuals.
of filter is pointing toward the tower if This difference is insignificant.
only one tower is used. Otherwise, Higher or lower settings can be
connect the regulator so that the arrow used, but the bomb must never be
is pointing to one leg of the 353VB male filled to more than 600 psig (40atm).
tee connector and attach the other two If pressures below 28 atm are used,
legs of the tee to towers one and two the low pressure warning will always
with high pressure, 1/8" diameter, nylon occur.
tubing. All connections should be
checked for leaks and any leaks

2-2
 Installation

Plumbing

For the 1271 Calorimeter Plumbing

System, refer to Figure 2-1 if using a The tubing interconnects the sub-
single Calorimeter System and Figure 2- assemblies provided. Use the 3/8"
2 if using a dual Calorimeter System. tubing to make connections 1 thru 8 at
the rear of the closed water handling
Note: system (see Figure 2-8). These lines
When Swagelok Tube Fittings are should be no longer than 5 feet. Lines 1
used, the instructions for and 2 are precut and have inline filters.
installation are: Install short section of tubing length at
calorimeter. Make sure that arrow on
1. Simply insert the tubing into the filter points toward calorimeter. Install
Swagelok Tube Fitting. Make 3/8" insert (183VB) in all ends of tubing.
sure that the tubing rests
firmly on the shoulder of the When attaching hose connections 2, 5
fitting and that the nut is and 7 at the rear of the closed water
finger-tight. handling system, hold the connector
with an open-end wrench and tighten
2. Before tightening the Swagelok the nut after securing the connector to
nut, scribe the nut at the 6 prevent possible stripping of the female
o’clock position. thread opening in the plastic manifold
where the connection is attached.
3. While holding the fitting body
steady with a back-up
wrench, tighten the nut 1-1/4
turns. Watch the scribe mark,
make one complete revolution
and continue to the 9 o’clock
position.

For 3/16" and 4mm or smaller tube

fittings, tighten the Swagelok nut
3/4 turns finger-tight.

2-3
 Figure 2-1
1271 Calorimeter External Plumbing – 1 System

2-4
2-5
Note:
When only one tower is connected, the tower. Connection 12 (see Figure 2-
make loop connections from 1 and 2-8) should be made with tubing
connection 5 to connection 6, and packaged with the nitrogen gas
from connection 2 to connection 4 regulator. The nitrogen tank must have
on the Water Handling System. the CGA-580 fitting.

Install the 1551 Water Cooler so that Two Tower Setup. Connection 12
heat from the compressor will not should be made with tubing packed with
produce adverse effects on the the nitrogen regulator and teeing into
calorimeter. one leg of the 354VB (1/4" tee), and the
other two legs of the tee should be
In any installation, allow a minimum connected to the towers. The nitrogen
clearance of 6 inches in front of the unit, tank must have the CGA-580 fitting.
3 inches in the rear and at least 1 inch
on the sides for circulation. Caution:
USE DISTILLED WATER ONLY
Set the cooler on a firm base and slide
the two 7-1/2" edge strips onto the steel The rinse tank should now be filled with
housing at the base of the unit. 16 liters of distilled water through the
large opening at the top of the tank. The
Install the two 362VB Union Elbows on cover for this opening is removed by
the water inlet and outlet tubes on the lifting up on the handle, lowering lid,
cooler (see Figure 2-3). All water tilting and removing. Replace and close
connections should be made with the the cover after filling with water.
furnished 3/8" tubing. Install 3/8" inserts
(183VB) in all ends of tubing. Both the oxygen and pneumatic
supplies should be turned on at this
Note: time. A hissing sound will occur for
Do not connect power to the several minutes as the rinse tank is
cooler at this time. pressurized. The pneumatic supply
regulator should be adjusted to 100
Connect Line No. 7 and 8 of the closed psig.
water handling system to the water
cooler.

Connections 9-10 (see Figure 2-2) from

the calorimeter mechanism to the 1575
Rinse Tank should be made with two 10
foot sections of the 1/8" O.D. nylon
tubing.

Before making connection 12, cut off 4"

length of tubing (HJ0025TB035) from
the tubing supplied with the A812DD
Nitrogen Regulator, and install on the
rinse elbow located at the right side of

2-6
Installation

Note:
To refill the rinse tank after the (left rear) of the water handling system
calorimeter has been placed into is up or floated.
service, the tank must be
depressurized by first turning off the The amount of wetting agent added will
pneumatic supply and then opening depend on the type of water used for
the toggle valve on top of the rinse filling the reservoir. Tap water would
tank. require about 30mL, and de-ionized or
distilled water would require about .3
Connections 13-15 (see Figure 2-1 and mL. All make-up water used thereafter
2-8) are made with the three tube should have the same concentration of
assemblies, each containing: the wetting agent. There should be a
thin layer of suds across the entire
• 10 feet of 1/8" O.D. nylon tubing, surface of water in the Water Handling
(oxygen fill vent connection #13) System. Add wetting agent sparingly as
• it requires 24 hours for wetting agent to
3/8" O.D. “Bev-A-Line” tubing with mix with all the water in the system.
the bomb exhaust diffuser assembly
at one end.(Bomb Vent, connection Electrical Connections
#14)
Refer to Figure 2-4 for the 1271
• 5/8" O.D. “Bev-A-Line” tubing.(Drip Calorimeter System electrical hookup.
Pan, connection #15).
Link Connections
The end of the assembly with the
exhaust diffuser should be inserted into Connect the A1570E Control Link Cable
the 10 liter carboy (231C2) which should between the controller and the
be placed on the floor or a level lower calorimeter mechanism (see Figure 2-8
than the tower mechanism. and 2-9).

The optional connection for “make-up Connect the A1330E Tank Link Cable
water in” on the closed water handling between the calorimeter mechanism
system may be made at this time. This and the closed water handling system
connection requires 1/4" tubing (not (see Figure 2-5 and 2-8).
supplied). The small daily of loss of
water from the 1271 Calorimeter System For thermometry connections, connect
can usually be conveniently made up by one A1335E Cable between the closed
filling directly through the large opening water handling system and the controller
on top of the closed water handling to establish the calorimeter jacket
system. The latter method is preferred. temperature probe connection (see
Figure 2-5 and 2-9).
The 20 liter reservoir of the closed water
handling system should be filled through Connect the remaining A1335E Cable
the top opening at this time. The between the calorimeter mechanism
reservoir should be filled until the top and the controller to establish the
level switch located on the inside cover calorimeter temperature probe
connection.

2-7
For power connections, connect the
supplied power cord to the calorimeter
mechanism. Plug the power cord into
the proper 110 or 220 VAC power
source. The power switch at the rear of
the calorimeter mechanism may be
turned on at this time. Connect the
supplied power cord to the controller.
Plug the power cord into the proper 110
or 220 VAC power source.

Note:
Do not power up the controller at
this time.

2-8
Installation

Optional Balance Port Connection Optional Smart Link

Connection(s)
The balance port connection, if needed,
should be made at this time. Refer to A detailed discussion of the Parr Smart
Figure 2-4 for the correct cable to Link can be found in Appendix D-
connect the balance to the controller. Communication Interfaces.

Note: The termination switches for the Smart

Apply power to the balance at this Link connection are set to the CLOSED
time. or ON position at the factory.

2-9
If only one Smart Link cable is plugged
into the rear of the controller, (end of link If you purchased a two tower system
position) no changes of the switch you may begin the power up sequence
settings are required. of the controller as the controller has
been configured with both A/D boards at
If two cables are required, (middle of link the factory. If you are installing a
position) then the switches will need to recently added second tower, you must
be set to the OPEN or OFF position, install the second A/D board in the
down = off. This may be done by controller. Remove screws from the rear
removing the two screws (controller location of cover assembly and pivot the
rear) securing the cover of the cover assembly forward to reveal card
controller. Swing the cover, which is cage assembly which has slot three
hinged at the front, to the fully upright available for the A/D board. Carefully
position. insert the A/D board and attach the
polarized ribbon connector, the black
The termination switches for the Smart polarized line connector and the six pin
Link are located at the center, top edge connectors from the thermistor BNC
of the circuit board, immediately behind connector to location F on the board,
the communication connectors on the close the cover and proceed with the
rear of the controller. The switch is power-up sequence.
labeled SW1.
The ON switch of the controller is
Change the switch settings as required located at the back, right of the
and close the cover, taking care not to controller. The Parr logo and firmware
pinch any wires or cables. Install the two revision will be shown briefly, and then
screws to re-secure the case. the Main Menu will be displayed. Press
the PRINT SCREEN key to verify
Printer correct printer operation.

Connect the printer power cable and the Note:

printer communications cable between Remove the packing material in and
the 1756 Printer and the A800DD around the sample loading area.
Calorimeter Controller.
The thermostated metal calorimeter
Turn on the printer and install the printer cover should swing into the down
ribbon, paper holders, re-roll prevention position, exposing the bomb head which
guard and printer paper at this time. has been installed into the cylinder for
Place the printer on top of the controller. shipment.

Initial Calorimeter System Startup Fully lower and latch the Lexan plastic
guard around the sample loading area.
Note: The shield should pop back to the raised
At this time power-up the A750DD position after 10 seconds. This
workstation(s) prior to power-up of operation verifies the presence of
the A800DD Controller to ensure pneumatic pressure.
proper I/O download to the tower.

2-10
Installation

Press 1 on the controller keyboard to

enter the operating page. Disconnect Retrieve the Bomb Head
the chiller cold water output line from the
rear of water handling system, Press the ESCAPE key to return to the
connector 8, and hold the line into the fill Main Menu. Close the plastic guard and
access opening on top of water handling press 9.7.2 if using the 1271 and 9.7.6 if
system. using the 1272 to extract the bomb head
from the cylinder.
Press the DOWN-ARROW key twice (2)
followed by the YES key to turn on the Note:
pump and heater inside the water At this time lightly lubricate sealing
handling system. When the water exits rings on the head (667DDJV),
the cold water output line, the chiller is cylinder (1071DD), release valve of
full of water. Turn OFF the pump, head (821DD), and at loader
reattach the line, then turn ON the mechanism (857DD).
pump.
Pre-testing Cycle
Note:
Plug in the cooler at this time and After the water handling temperature
adjust to its coldest setting (see has stabilized at 30°C, close the plastic
Figure 2-7). guard and press the F2 key to cycle the
calorimeter through a fill-rinse-drain
Check for water leaks at this time and sequence.
correct as needed. The water handling
system will take about 30 minutes to This sequence should complete without
stabilize at the required 30°C set-point. errors. Repeat this procedure two
Within 10 minutes, a noticeable increase additional times to insure complete
in the jacket temperature should be purging/filling of the lines leading to the
observed on the operating page. calorimeter mechanism and filling of the
water cooler.
If the bucket temperature is higher than
the jacket temperature, the temperature
probe connections at the rear of the
controller are reversed. Correct if
required.

2-11
2-12
Instrument Description

All controller and calorimeter the desired page/line number on the

configurations and operations are keyboard.
handled by a menu-driven system
operated from the easy-to-use keyboard Types of Controls
with a large, bright display. The settings
and controls are organized into nine The controls that change the data field
main sections or pages which comprise information in the menus will be one of
the MAIN MENU. the following:

Main Menu 1. Toggles. These data fields contain

ON/OFF or YES/NO choices. The right
1 Calorimeter Operation and left arrow keys are used to change
2 Operating Controls the setting to the desired choice. Once
3 Program Information and Controls the desired option is displayed, press
4 Calibration Data and Control the ENTER key to record the change.
5 Thermochemical Calculations
6 Data Entry Controls 2. Option Selection. These data fields
7 Reporting Control contain a list of options. The right and
8 Communication Control left arrow keys are used to step through
9 Diagnostics the options. Once the desired option is
displayed, press the ENTER key to
Page and Line No. Selection record the change.

Any page or line number on a page can 3. Value Entry Fields. These data
be selected by: fields are used to enter data into the
calorimeter. Most data fields will accept
Cursor Control - The up and down any value entered by the user through
arrow keys can be used to move the the keyboard. Certain data fields may
reverse video to the desired page/line only accept certain values from a table
number. Once the desired page/line built into the menu similar to the option
number is highlighted, press ENTER. selection described above. Once the
correct value is displayed in the field,
Note: press the ENTER key to record the
When the cursor highlights the line value.
number and title, as opposed to the
data field, a page or sub-menu can 4. Data Displays. Most of these data
be accessed by pressing ENTER. fields display values that have been
(See Command Codes in this calculated by the calorimeter and are
chapter.) informational only. Certain ones can be
overridden by the user entering a
Number Control - Page/Line numbers desired value through the keyboard.
can also be selected by simply pressing

3-1
5. Command Codes. Line numbers
that access sub-menus or statements Key Description
initiating an action (the controller will
ask, “Do you wish to continue (Yes or ↑ Moves the cursor up on
No?” to prevent accidental disruptions to any of the menu pages.
the program and/or stored data).
← NO Changes menu functions
Note: that are either an
To return to previous pages from a ON/OFF or YES/NO
submenu, press ESCAPE. To return toggle to OFF, NO, or to
to the Main Menu, press SHIFT, select an option from the
ESCAPE. list provided.

Remember, no value or setting chosen YES → Changes menu functions

is stored in the program until the ENTER that are either an
key is pressed. ON/OFF or YES/NO
toggle to ON, YES, or to
Keyboard select an option from the
list provided.
Before using the 1271 Calorimeter, the
operator should understand the various ↓ Moves the cursor DOWN
keys on the keyboard (see Figure 3-1). on any of the menu
The brief descriptions given here will pages.
identify these keys and their functions.
Instructions in later chapters provide
detailed operating instructions.

3-2
 Instrument Description

START This key is used to start a

test. After pressing, the CLEAR Clears tests from the
controller will prompt the MEM. memory. When it is
user to enter all pressed, the controller
preliminary data required will prompt for the
for the test. beginning and ending
Sample IDs to be deleted
I/II This key is used to toggle from memory.
between Calorimeter I
and Calorimeter II when PRINT Prints information (except
the second instrument is graphics) which is
installed. currently shown on the
instrument display to the
F1 Used to enter sample IDs printer.
and weights when a
series of samples will be HELP Used to access a set of
weighed before they are help menus that are
tested. This pre-weighing available to assist the
sequence will prompt the user in setting up and/or
user for sample IDs and operating this
weights. calorimeter.

F2 Initiates a preconditioning SHIFT This key used in

cycle which will close the conjunction with the
bomb, fill the bucket, fill ESCAPE key will return
the bomb, drain the the user from a sub-
bucket, vent the bomb, menu to the main menu.
rinse the bomb and open
the bomb. In addition to 0-9 The DECIMAL and 0-9
confirming that all & keys are used for all
systems are working manual data entries. The
properly, it will bring the decimal key can also be
calorimeter to operating used for other functions
equilibrium after it has described later in this
been standing for a while. manual.
It is recommended that
this cycle be run if the E/- This key is used to enter
calorimeter has been a negative number when
idle for 10 minutes or required. It is entered
more. before the digits and also
used to indicate that the
F3 This key is used to initiate numbers are being
edit capabilities for entered in scientific
sample weight, spike notation.
weight, cal ID number,
fuse, acid, sulfur or CLEAR Erases incorrect values
hydrogen values. ENTRY and error messages from
the display. If the user
F4 Unlatches the plastic is not satisfied with the
guard. value shown on the
display, press the CLEAR
ENTRY key and re-enter
the value.
3-3
← The ENTER key is used in memory, and to select
in two ways: a data field when a
ENTER double column appears
1. To access sub-menus (see Page 5 -
2. To store data field Thermochemical
information into the Corrections, Lines 1-6).
controller. If there is
a sub-menu, the line
will be highlighted ESCAPE Used to go up one level
when the cursor is on in the menu structure. For
that line. Press example, pressing
ENTER to access the ESCAPE one time will
sub-menu. shift the menu from
submenu Page 5.6 to 5.
If there is no sub-menu, Pressing ENTER a
the data field will be second time will return to
highlighted. If new data the main menu. Press
field information is SHIFT, ESCAPE to
selected or entered return directly to the main
through the keyboard by menu from a sub-menu.
the user, the ENTER key
must be pressed to store
the information. (See
Types of Controls in this
chapter for a complete
description.)

RESET Aborts a test or to escape

from a special sub-
routine. (i.e. reporting or
memory management.)

REPORT Initiates the reporting

process. Reports can be
sent to the controller, to
the attached printer, or
over the Smart Link to
another controller. Before
any preliminary reports
can be made final, the
controller will prompt the
user to provide any
missing data; such as
fuse, acid and/or sulfur
corrections.

SKIP Allows the user to omit

the entry of data
requested by the
calorimeter, to pass over
a prompted request for
information already held

3-4
 Program Installation & Control

Software Installation
Revised Default Settings
The program in the 1271 Controller can
be extensively modified to tailor the unit The default parameters of the 1271
to a wide variety of operating conditions, Controller can be changed to guarantee
reporting units, laboratory techniques, that the 1271 Calorimeter, when cold
available accessories and restarted, will always be in the desired
communication modes. configuration before beginning a series
of tests.
In addition, the calculations,
thermochemical corrections and Users who wish to permanently revise
reporting modes can be modified to their default settings may do so using
conform to a number of standard test the following procedure:
methods and procedures.
Establish the operating parameters to
Numerous provisions are included to be stored as the user default settings.
permit the use of other reagent
concentrations, techniques, combustion Go to Page 3, Line 9 - Copy Current
aids and short cuts appropriate for the Setup to EEPROM, and press ENTER.
user’s work.
Press YES, the controller will prompt the
Note: user for a “User Rev.”. This can be any
Changes to the program are made number that is helpful in identifying the
by use of the menu structure user’s setup. Enter number and press
described in Appendix A of this ENTER.
manual. Any of these items can be
individually entered at any time to To re-load the user default setting, go to
revise the operating program. Page 3, Line 8 - Re-load User Default
Settings, press ENTER and YES.
Default Settings

Units are preprogrammed with

DEFAULT SETTINGS. See Figure 4-1
for a listing of the factory default
settings.

These default settings remain in effect

until changed by the user. Should the
user ever wish to return to the factory
default settings, go to Page 3, Line 7 -
Re-load Factory Default Settings, press
ENTER and YES.

Battery backed-up memory is provided

to retain any and all operator initiated
program changes; even if power is
interrupted or the unit is turned off. If the
unit experiences an intentional or
unintentional “Cold Restart”, the
controller will return to its default
settings.

4-1
4-2
Program Installation & Control

4-3
4-4
Program Installation & Control

4-5
4-6
Operating Instructions

To begin a test: Note:

When attaching the cotton thread, be
• Weigh the sample to 0.1 mg. sure the thread is touching the
sample but does not touch capsule
• Gently tap the capsules that contain or electrodes.
powdered samples to compact the
material. When contact is made through the
heating wire, the thread will ignite, drop
• Carefully place the capsule into the into the sample cup and ignite the
loop electrode. sample.

• Attach 10 cm of cotton ignition Calorimeter Operating Sequence

thread (see Figure 5-1).
Figures 5-2, 5-3, 5-5 and 5-6 show the
• Select Cal I or II by pressing the I/II principal operating components and how
key. they are utilized in the operation of the
1271 Calorimeter.
• Toggle between Standardization and
Determination on Page 1 -
Calorimeter Operations, Line 1 -
Operating Mode, using the NO key.

• Close the plastic guard.

• Press START to begin the test. The

controller will either display the
sample weight which was previously
stored in memory or prompt the user
for a manual weight entry.

Attaching the Cotton Thread

A cotton thread (845DD) is used as an

auxiliary fuse to ignite the sample
(see Figure 5-1).

Ten centimeters of thread is

recommended for this auxiliary thread
which is looped over the heating wire,
doubled on itself, twisted to form a
single strand and fed into the sample
cup.

5-1
5-2
Operating Instructions

During all operating phases, water is

circulated from the closed water system 2. The oxygen filling valve closes and
through an isothermal jacket that the pressure in the filling line is
surrounds the bomb and bucket. Water vented. The automatic check valve
from the jacket is returned to the closed at the top of the bomb closes and
water system. isolates the bomb from the oxygen
filling line. 3. The controller monitors
Fill Cycle the operating temperature until it
confirms that the initial equilibrium
Once the bomb head is closed, the fill has been established.
sequence begins (see Figure 5-2).
Bomb Firing
1. The controller checks the bomb
ignition circuitry for continuity. Once the initial equilibrium is confirmed,
the controller initiates the firing
2. The water fill solenoid opens and sequence.
water is pumped from the closed
water system into and through the There are no changes to the circulation
bucket that surrounds the bomb. pattern, as shown in Figure 5-3, from
Overflow from the bucket is returned the pre-period through the bomb firing
to the closed water system. Because and post-period.
the jacket and bucket are both filled
with water from the closed water 1. A warning of five short beeps is
system, initial equilibrium will be sounded indicating the bomb is
reached quickly. about to be fired.

3. The oxygen fill solenoid is opened 2. Current is passed through the

and oxygen is added slowly to the electrical leads to ignite the cotton
bomb to bring its pressure to thread.
approximately 30 atm.
3. The controller monitors the
Pre-Period temperature in the bucket to
establish that a temperature rise
At the completion of the fill sequence, actually occurs. If no temperature
the pre-period begins (see Figure 5-3). rise occurs, the misfire message is
displayed on the controller and the
1. The 698DD Isolate Valve (see abort sequence is initiated.
Figure F-3) closes and isolates the
water in the bucket from the rest of Post-Period
the system. Water within this bucket
is circulated by the pump. Water After firing is confirmed, the post-period
continues to circulate from the begins (see Figure 5-3).
closed water system through the
jacket surrounding the bucket.

5-3
5-4
Operating Instructions

Drain
1. The controller monitors the
temperature rise and determines the At the completion of the bomb rinse
final temperature rise by either the sequence, the drain sequence begins
dynamic or equilibrium criteria as (see Figure 5-6).
established by the user.
1. The water in the bucket is pumped
2. Once the final temperature rise is out of the bucket and back into the
determined, it is recorded with the closed water system.
test results.
2. Once the bucket is pumped dry, the
At the completion of the post-period, the bomb head is opened and lowered
rinse and cool sequence begins for the preparation of the next
(see Figure 5-5). sample.

1. Water from the cooler via the closed

water system is circulated through
the bucket to cool the bomb to the
starting temperature. The cooling
water is returned to the closed water
system. The temperature of the
closed water system is maintained
by the 1551 Water Cooler and
immersion heater.

2. The check valve in the head of the

bomb is opened and the residual
pressure is released through the
head lift rod and the bomb exhaust
line.

3. Once the excess oxygen is vented

and the divert valve is closed, the
bomb wash water from the
pressurized rinse water tank is
admitted through the bomb wash
solenoid valve and the check valve
at the top of the bomb. The bomb
wash water is released to the wash
beaker. Several rinse patterns may
be configured by the user to meet
various operational and analytical
requirements.

4. The bomb is filled one more time

with oxygen to help flush the water
residue from the interior of the
bomb.

5-5
5-6
Operating Instructions

1131 Oxygen Bomb Operating Allowable Sample Size

Instructions
Note:
Combustion with oxygen in a sealed To stay within safe limits, the bomb
bomb is a very effective and reliable should never be charged with a
method for releasing all heat energy sample which will release more than
obtainable from a sample, and for 8000 calories when burned in
preparing hydrocarbon compounds and oxygen.
carbonaceous materials for analysis.
The initial oxygen pressure is set at
Note: 30 atmospheres (440 psig).
The following precautions must
always be observed when using this When starting tests with new or
equipment: unfamiliar materials, it is always best
to use samples of less than .7 gram
• Do not overcharge the bomb with with the possibility of increasing the
too much sample or with a amount if preliminary tests indicate
sample which might react with no abnormal behavior and sample
explosive violence. will not exceed the 8000 calorie limit.

• Do not overcharge the bomb with To avoid damage to the bomb and
too much oxygen. The initial calorimeter, and possible injury to
charging pressure should not the operator, it should be a standing
exceed 40 atm (590 psig). rule in each laboratory that the bomb
must never be charged with more
• Do not fire the bomb if there is than 1.5 grams of combustible
any indication that it is leaking. material.

• Stand away from the calorimeter

during firing and for at least 20
seconds after firing.

• Keep the bomb in good condition

at all times. Any parts that show
signs of weakness or
deterioration must be replaced
promptly.

• Read the maintenance and safety

instructions before starting to
use the bomb, and urge all
operating personnel to read
these instructions often.

5-7
5-8
Operating Instructions

Installing the Heating Wire

The ignition scheme for this bomb is

significantly different from other Parr
oxygen combustion bomb calorimeters
that use a consumable fuse wire.

Consumable fuse wire can not be used

in the 1131 Bomb because the scraps
and balls of melted wire produced can
be washed into the release valve in the
bottom of the bomb and damage the O-
ring and seat which seal the bomb.
Instead, a “heating wire” is used to ignite
a cotton thread which in turn ignites the
sample.

The heating wire (840DD2) is installed

between the insulated and grounded
electrodes and secured with screws.
(See Figure 5-7).

Note:
This wire needs to be 1.5 inches or 4
cm long. Longer lengths will not get
hot enough to ignite the thread and
shorter lengths will get too hot and
will have a short service life.

In normal operation, the heating wire

should last for more than 100 tests, Note:
but hot burning and/or corrosive The user must ensure that the
samples will shorten this life. sealing rings for the head and
Whenever this heating wire must be bucket, the O-rings for the inlet and
replaced, make sure that fragments outlet valve and the insulated
of the old wire are not in the release electrode seals are maintained in
valve sealing areas. good condition.

The heating wire is attached to the

electrodes as follows:

• Loosen the machine screws and

loop the ends of the wire around the
body of each screw.

• Tighten the screws, holding the

collar (843DD) with a 1/4" wrench.

5-9
Samples and Sample Holders in order to control the burning rate.
Moisture content up to 20% can be
Particle Size and Moisture Content. tolerated in many cases, but the
Solid samples burn best in an oxygen optimum moisture is best determined by
bomb when reduced to 60 mesh, or trial combustions.
smaller, and compressed into a pellet
with a 2811 Parr Pellet Press. Combustion Aids. Some samples may
be difficult to ignite or they may burn so
Large particles may not burn completely slowly that the particles become chilled
and small particles are easily swept out below the ignition point before complete
of the capsule by turbulent gases during combustion is obtained. In such cases
rapid combustion. powdered benzoic acid, white oil or any
other combustible material of known
Note: purity can be mixed with the sample.
Particle size is important because it Ethylene glycol, butyl alcohol or decalin
influences the reaction rate. may also be used for this purpose.
Compression into a pellet is
recommended because the pressure Note:
developed during combustion can be It must be remembered, however,
reduced as much as 40% when that a combustion aid adds to the
compared to the combustion of the total energy released in the bomb
material in the powder form. In and the amount of sample may have
addition to giving controlled burn to be reduced to compensate for the
rates, the pelletizing of samples added charge.
keeps the sample in the fuel capsule
during combustion. Also, when benzoic acid is
combusted for standardization runs
Materials, such as coal, burn well in the or for combustion aid purposes, it
as-received or air-dry condition, but do should be in the form of a pellet to
not burn completely dry samples. A avoid possible damage to the bomb
certain amount of moisture is desirable which might result from high
in order to control the burning rate. pressures developed by the rapid
Moisture content up to 20% can be combustion of the loose powder.
tolerated in many cases, but the
optimum moisture is best determined by Combustion Capsules. Non-volatile
trial combustions. samples to be tested in Parr oxygen
bombs are weighed and burned in
If moisture is to be added to retard the shallow capsules measuring
combustion rate, drop water directly into approximately 1" diameter and 7/16"
a loose sample or onto a pellet after the deep. These are available in stainless
sample has been weighed. Then let the steel, fused silica and platinum alloyed
sample stand for awhile to obtain with 3-1/2% rhodium.
uniform distribution.

Materials, such as coal, burn well in the

as-received or air-dry condition, but do
not burn completely dry samples. A
certain amount of moisture is desirable

5-10
Operating Instructions

Stainless steel capsules (43AS) are is heat sensitive and cannot be dried, a
furnished with each calorimeter. When water soluble combustion aid such as
combusting samples that contain metal ethylene glycol can be added to
particles such as aluminum or promote ignition.
magnesium, the non-metallic (fused
silica) 43A3 Capsule is required, or Coarse Samples. In most cases it may
where the superior corrosion resistance be necessary to burn coarse samples
of a Pt-Rh, the 43A5 Capsule is without size reduction since grinding or
required. The stainless steel capsules drying may introduce unwanted
will acquire a dull gray finish after changes. There is no objection to this if
repeated use in an oxygen bomb due to the coarse sample will ignite and burn
the formation of a hard, protective oxide completely. Whole wheat grains and
film. This dull finish not only protects the coarse charcoal chunks are typical of
capsule, but it also promotes materials which will burn satisfactorily
combustion and makes it easier to burn without grinding and without additives or
the last traces of the sample. a special procedure.

It is recommended, therefore, that new Corrosive Samples. The 1131 Oxygen

capsules be heated in a muffle furnace Bomb is made of a corrosion resistant
at 480°C for four hours to develop this alloy designed to withstand the
protective coating uniformly on all corrosive mixture of sulfuric and nitric
surfaces. This treatment should be acids produced in normal fuel testing
repeated after a capsule has been operations. Samples containing chlorine
polished with an abrasive to remove any and particular samples containing more
ash or other surface deposits. Heating in than 20 mg of chlorine samples with
a muffle is also a good way to destroy high sulfur contents will greatly
any traces of carbon or combustible accelerate corrosion of the bomb. An
matter which might remain in the alternate 1131CL Bomb is available
capsule from a previous test. constructed of an alloy selected to
specifically resist the corrosive effects of
Note: samples with high chlorine or chloride.
After heating, place the capsules in a
clean container and handle them While no material will offer complete
only with forceps when they are corrosion resistance to these samples,
removed to be weighed on an the 1131CL Bomb offers significantly
analytical balance. enhanced corrosion resistance for this
service.
Foodstuffs and Cellulosic Materials.
Fibrous and fluffy materials generally Explosives and High Energy Fuels.
require one of three modes of controlling The 1131 and 1131CL Bombs used in
the burn rate. Fibrous materials do not the 1271 Calorimeter have been
pelletize readily and generally require designed to provide highly automated
either moisture content or combustion testing of routine samples. Materials
aid such as mineral oil to retard the burn which release large volumes of gas
rate and avoid development of high which detonate with explosive force or
pressures. Food stuffs generally burn burn with unusually high energy levels,
with little difficulty. Partial drying may be should not be tested in this calorimeter.
necessary if the moisture content is too
high to obtain ignition, but if the sample

5-11
Rather, they should be tested in a model Note:
1261 Calorimeter which can be Tape should always be stored in a
equipped with an 1104 High Pressure sealed container to minimize
Oxygen Bomb designed specifically for changes in its moisture and solvent
these types of samples. content.

Volatile Sample Holders. Volatile Use the following procedure when filling
samples can be handled in a Parr 43A6 and handling any of these tape-sealed
Platinum Capsule with a spun rim, or in sample holders:
a Parr 43AS Alloy Capsule which has a
sturdy wall with a flat top rim. These • Weigh the empty cup or capsule;
holders can be sealed with a disc of then cover the top with tape, trim
plastic adhesive tape prepared by with a knife and press the trimmed
stretching tape across the top of the cup edge firmly against the metal rim.
and trimming the excess with a sharp Also cut and attach a small flag to
knife. The seal obtained after pressing the disc (see Figure 5-8).
this disc firmly against the rim of the cup
with a flat blade will be adequate for • Puncture the tape at a point below
most volatile samples. the flag, then re-weigh the empty
cup with its tape cover.
The tape used for this purpose should
be free of chlorine and as low in sulfur • Add the sample with a hypodermic
as possible. Borden Mystic Tape, No. syringe; close the opening with the
M-169-C or 3M Transparent Tape, No. flag and re-weigh the filled cup.
610, are recommended for this purpose.
The 3M Transparent Tape can be • Set the cup in the loop electrode and
ordered through Parr, Part No. 517A. arrange the auxiliary fuse so that it
touches the center of the tape disc.
The weight of the tape disc must be
determined separately and a correction • Just before starting the test, prick
applied for any elements in the tape the disc with a sharp needle to make
which might interfere with the a small opening which is needed to
determination. This can be done by prevent collapse of the disc when
running a blank test with tape alone pressure is applied.
using a sample weighing 1.0 gram. The
compensation for heat of tape may be • Fill the bomb with the usual oxygen
done through the spike option; see Page charging pressure.
2.3 - Spike Controls, Line 2 - Heat of
Combustion of Spike.
• The calorimeter will fire the bomb
and complete the test in the usual
manner.

Volatile samples are defined as one with

an initial boiling point below 180°C per
ASTM D-2.

5-12
Operating Instructions

Low volatile samples with a high water • The combustion must produce
content, such as urine or blood, can be sufficient turbulence within the bomb
burned in an open capsule by absorbing to bring oxygen into the fuel cup for
the liquid on filter paper pulp or by burning the last traces of the
adding a combustion aid, such as sample.
ethylene glycol.
• Loose or powdery condition of the
Operating Suggestions sample which will permit unburned
particles to be ejected during a
Poor Combustion. Because of the violent combustion.
difference in combustion characteristics
of the many different materials which • The use of a sample containing
may be burned in an oxygen bomb, it is coarse particles which will not burn
difficult to give specific directions which readily. Coal particles which are too
will assure complete combustions for all large to pass a 60 mesh screen may
samples. not burn completely.

The following fundamental conditions • The use of a sample pellet which

should be considered when burning has been made too hard or too soft.
samples: Either condition can cause spalling
and the ejection of unburned
• Some part of the sample must be fragments.
heated to its ignition temperature to
start the combustion and, in burning, • Excessive moisture or non-
it must liberate sufficient heat to combustible material in the sample.
support its own combustion If the moisture, ash and other non
regardless of the chilling effect of the combustible material in the sample
adjacent metal parts. amounts to approximately 20% or
more of the charge, it may be
difficult to obtain complete
combustion. This condition can be
remedied by adding a small amount
of benzoic acid or other combustion
aid.

Oxygen Charging Pressure. The 1271

Calorimeter has been designed to
operate with an oxygen filling pressure
of 30 atm. Significant changes from this
value are not recommended.

5-13
1551 Water Cooler Operating
Instructions

The 1551 Water Cooler is intended to

provide a uniform water supply in the
temperature range from 7° to 10° C for
maintaining the desired bucket and
jacket temperatures for each run and
cooling the oxygen bomb after each
test.

The cold water needed for cooling the

bomb is determined by the controller,
and the amount of cold water needed for
the water handling system is determined
by the temperature that is monitored
and maintained by the controller.

5-14
Corrections & Final Reports

Entering Corrections and

Obtaining the Final Report Sulfur Correction
Key in the Sulfur Correction and press
Final reports for each test can be the ENTER key. The default setting for
obtained whenever the operator is this value is to be entered as percent
prepared to enter any required sulfur in the sample.
corrections for fuse, acid and sulfur.
If fixed values for fuse, acid and sulfur
When entering corrections, the user can are turned OFF on Page 5, Lines 1-6,
choose from three methods. These are: then the user must manually enter the
values at the prompt.
• Manual Entry
• Fixed Corrections If “Use Spiking Correction” on Page 2.3,
Line 1 is turned ON, a spiking correction
• Automatic Data Transfer
must be entered before obtaining a Final
Report.
Program and Installation chapter (also
see Figure 4-1 in this manual) provide
After the last entry has been made, the
the default settings used to setup the
calorimeter will automatically produce a
method preferred by the user.
Final Report.
Refer to the Reporting Instructions,
If values for these corrections are not
Chapter 7, for the steps necessary to
available, the operator can use the SKIP
initiate a report from the controller.
key to bypass any of the corrections,
however, a Final Report will not be
Manual Entry
printed until an entry is made for fuse,
acid and sulfur.
During the reporting process, the
controller will prompt the user to enter
the following values:

Fuse Correction
Key in the Fuse/Heat Wire Correction
and press the ENTER key. The default
setting for this value is to be entered in
calories. The fuse correction has two
components and these are explained in
Appendix B, Page B-2.

Acid Correction
Key in the Acid Correction and press the
ENTER key. The default setting for this
value is to be entered in milliliters of
standard alkali required to titrate total
acid or calories.

6-1
Fixed Corrections

In many cases, fixed values for fuse and

acid can be used without introducing a
significant error since the corrections
are both relatively small and constant.

Fixed sulfur corrections can also be

used whenever a series of samples will
be tested with a reasonably constant
sulfur content.

Details for applying fixed corrections are

found in Appendix B, Thermochemical
Calculations.

Any value set-up as a fixed correction

will be automatically applied and the
controller will not prompt the user for
this value.

Automatic Data Transfers

Acid and/or sulfur corrections can be

automatically transferred into the
calorimeter from a Parr 1760 Sulfur
Analyzer. Sulfur corrections can also be
transferred from a Parr 1742 Sulfur
Interface.

Page 6 - Data Entry Controls, Lines 1-4

can be set for automatic transfer from
devices connected via the Smart Link
when default is set to automatic entry.

The calorimeter will poll the attached

device when the user initiates the
reporting process. If a value is not
found, the user will have the option of
entering it manually.

6-2
Reporting Instructions

Report Option Selection Report Generation

The 1271 Controller can transmit data There are two kinds of calorimeter
two ways: reports; preliminary and final.

• RS232C port to a 40 or 80 column • Preliminary reports are generated at

printer to provide a printed report. the conclusion of a test when one or
more of the calorimeter corrections
• Smart Link which formats and prints (fuse, acid, sulfur or spike) are not
the data on another calorimeter with fixed. If a preliminary report is
an attached printer. requested, the Sample ID will be
displayed and prompt the user for a
After the cabling and communication correction value for fuse, acid, sulfur
requirements are completed in the or spike before providing the report.
Installation, Chapter 2, the controller If Smart Link Corrections have been
must be programmed to format and enabled for acid, sulfur or a fixed
direct the report. This option is on Page correction, the prompting for this
7 - Reporting Controls, Line 1 - Printer information is eliminated. To provide
Controls. a report with the information “as is”,
press SHIFT and REPORT.
Report Destination Preliminary reports will remain
preliminary and the energy
Report(s) can be directed to a printer, equivalent or heat of combustion
null device or display. This selection is value reports will reflect the user’s
on Page 7 - Reporting Controls, Line 2 - setup on Page 5 - Thermochemical
Report Destination. The destination is Corrections.
selected by pressing the YES or NO
key. • Final reports contain all of the final
or fixed calorimetric corrections
Note: needed to give an energy equivalent
The default setting sends the or a heat of combustion value.
calorimetric reports to the printer
until changed by the user. To start a report:

Printer Reports - Are printed on the • Press the REPORT key.

selected printer. The ID No. of the report
being printed will be briefly displayed on • Controller will prompt “From ID>”.
the screen while printing. Enter beginning ID of the test(s) to
be reported and press ENTER.
Null Device Reports - If previously
completed tests require changes, the • Controller will prompt “To ID>”. Enter
null device default is used to recalculate final ID of the test(s) to be reported
the test results without printing. and press ENTER. The reporting
process begins.
Displayed Reports - Are shown on the
controller screen. The report is viewed
by pressing the DOWN arrow, UP arrow
or ESCAPE to clear.

7-1
To stop printing:

• Press RESET - The controller will

reset and printing will stop after the
buffer is cleared.

• Press SHIFT and RESET - Clears

buffer and stops printing
immediately.

Net Heat of Combustion

To have the Net Heat of Combustion

print as part of preliminary and final
reports, go to Page 5 - Thermochemical
Corrections and turn ON Line 8 -
Calculate Net Heat of Combustion.
During the reporting process, the
controller will prompt for the hydrogen
(H) value. This information will not
transfer over the Smart Link.

7-2
Memory Management

The controller will hold data for 500 tests Editing Memory
within its memory. These tests may be
either preliminary, final, determination, The user can add or change previously
or calibration reports. Once the memory gathered test information. This feature is
of the controller is filled, any attempt to implemented with the F3 key principally
start a new analysis will cause the to permit editing of sample weights or
controller to display “RUN, LIST, FULL”. other information.
The user must then clear some of the
memory before proceeding or use the To revise the sample weights, spike
overwrite capability on Page 7, Line 6. weights, Cal ID number, fuse, acid,
sulfur or hydrogen values on final
Clearing Memory reports:

This capability allows the operator to • Go to Page 7 - Reporting Controls,

delete Sample ID numbers (and all Line 7 - Edit Final Reports and
related data and results) for a single select ON.
report, sequence of reports or for all
reports. To edit a report:

To clear some or all memory: • Press the F3 key.

• Press CLEAR MEM. • Controller will prompt “From ID>”.

Enter beginning ID of the Test(s) to
• Controller will prompt “From ID>”. be edited and press ENTER.
Enter beginning ID of the Test(s) to
be deleted and press ENTER. • Controller will prompt “To ID>”. Enter
final ID of the test(s) to be edited
• Controller will prompt “To ID>”. Enter and press ENTER. (The calorimeter
final ID of the test(s) to be deleted will identify the report(s) as either
and press ENTER. preliminary or final.)

Note: • Highlight the data field to be edited

A single test can be deleted by by pressing the UP or DOWN arrow
entering the same Sample ID No. for key
the “From ID>” and “To ID>”. To
clear all reports, enter 1 for the • Enter the new value on the keyboard
“From ID>” and 999999 for the “To and press ENTER. The report will
ID>”. immediately recalculate the heat of
combustion when a new value is
entered.

Note:
This sequence can be canceled by
pressing the RESET key.

8-1
8-2
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

MAINTENANCE cover. Remove the bomb head, drip pan

and unscrew the bomb rinse fitting at
Access to the Interior of 1271 Work the right side of the instrument. Pull the
Station (A750DD) front cover assembly forward far enough
to disconnect the1/8" pneumatic line
There are four principal pieces to the from the guard latch release cylinder
1271 work station exterior. These are and the wires with 1/4" push on
the top cover, the right and left rear side connectors that are connected to the
panels and the front cover assembly. guard micro switch. Also, break the drip
Disassembly or removal of the exterior pan drain hose at the quick disconnect
must be done in the following order 1) located at the divert valve mounting
top cover, 2-3) right and/or left rear side bracket. Pull the front cover assembly
panels, 4) front cover assembly. off the instrument.

Removal of the combustion bomb Step 5 - Oxygen Bomb Cylinder and

cylinder requires only removal of the top Isolate Valve Access. Remove three
cover. Electrical troubleshooting will screws that secure the A702DD Top
require steps 1 thru 2 and possibly step Plate to the calorimeter jacket assembly.
3, indicated above. Details of the Remove the foam draft shield, and it
disassembly steps are given below. must be replaced or will cause erratic
results. Slide the cover off the housing
Caution: so as not to damage the feed through
Before any cover removal, lines. Remove the gray flexible 1/8"
disconnect the power cord at the hose attached to the 311VB Barbed
rear of the instrument! Fitting (see Figure F-3, Appendix F).
Use a 5/16" nut driver to remove the
Step 1 - Top Cover. Remove the 695DD/311VB Assembly. With forceps
painted Phillips head screws at the or tweezers inserted into opening
perimeter of the instrument, just below vacated by the 695DD, grasp the
the top cover (see Figure 9-1 (No. 1)). 698DD Isolate Valve Shaft and pull up
Push the cover forward, then up. to remove it from the calorimeter bucket.
With cotton swab, clean the isolate
Step 2/3 - Right/Left Rear Side valve chamber of any accumulated
Panel(s). Remove the painted screws grease.
holding the side panel (see Figure 9-1
(No. 2/3)) at the rear of the instrument. Note:
The side panel is hinged where the side Lightly lubricate the five 699DD O-
panel meets the front cover. Grasp the Rings with the 811DD Silicone
rear side panel at the rear, where it Lubricant supplied with the
overlaps the dark colored base, and pull instrument. Re-assemble the
sideways then back to remove the panel components by reversing the above
from the instrument. procedure making sure the double
O-ring goes up and the pointed end
Step 4 - Front Cover Assembly. goes down. When reinstalling the
Remove the six 1/4-20 fasteners that cover plate make sure it does not
hold the front cover assembly (see touch the probe. Lubricate every 500
Figure 9-1 (No. 3)) to the left and right firings.
bulkhead, three on each side of the

9-1
Time/Test Scheduled Maintenance Excessive use of the 811DD lubricant
for A750DD Calorimeter will diminish the cleanliness of the
Mechanism bucket interior. This results in a
reduction in instrument precision.
Note: Finally, clean the perimeter of the head.
Does not include 1131 bomb cylinder Note: do not allow any lubricant to
and head pressure retaining parts come in contact with the interior
which have a maintenance interval of portion of the combustion bomb or
500 firings. any of its sealing surfaces! Possible
ignition of the lubricant and
Daily Maintenance (Before subsequent damage to the
instrument may result.
Testing)
Clean and re-lubricate the 857DD O-ring
Note:
on the head loader rod.
Remove the head from the loader
rod. Clean small quad-ring that seals
Clean electrode contact strips with mild
the bomb head and cylinder by
abrasive, such as a pencil eraser.
wiping with a tissue. Wet this sealing
area with water prior to starting a
Clean bomb head electrode points in a
series of tests. Clean corresponding
similar fashion. Tighten screws holding
sealing area in cylinder in a similar
fuse wire in place.
fashion. Both surfaces must be free
of any accumulated foreign matter,
such as unburned sample material or
combustion by-products. Clean the
hole in the center of the head which
accepts the loader rod. With a
tissue, clean the head where the
large bucket quad-ring contacts the
head perimeter. Wet this sealing
area with water prior to starting a
series of tests. Remove, inspect and
clean head sealing/pressure release
pin and corresponding sealing area
in the bomb head. In extreme cases,
i.e. a spilled sample, use soap and
water.

Remove large quad-ring (1071DD) that

seals the bucket. Inspect and clean with
a tissue. Clean the area where the quad
ring is installed in the bucket. The use
of an external organic based lubricant is
allowed. Apply a thin film of 811DD
lubricant to your fingers and pull the
quad ring through your fingers to apply
to the quad ring, and install it back into
the bucket. This procedure gives a very
thin coating on the quad ring. No other
type of lubricant should be used.

9-2
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

50 to 100 Tests

Replace fuse wire.

Semiannual

Change water in the A200 Water

Handling System. Replace inline water
filters (2).

Refill A200 Water Handling System with

water containing a wetting agent
concentration of 1:500 to 1:1000.

500 Tests

Using Figures F-2 and F-4 in Appendix

F as reference, replace the following O-
rings after 500 firings:

Figure F-2 Figure F-4

1071DD 519AJV
659DD 644DD
667DDJV 882DD
821DD 712HC
663DD

Perform isolate valve service procedure.

Extract, visually inspect O-rings (replace
as above stated), lightly grease and
replace.

Check center plastic piece of motor/gear

pump coupler for wear. Replace as
required.

Replace electrode contact strips.

9-3
9-4
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

9-5
9-6
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

Note: TROUBLESHOOTING
Installation Instructions for the
667DDJV Quad-Ring - These quad- O2 Low Pressure
rings are identified with a yellow
mark on the outside perimeter. This This message indicates the bomb has
mark must be visible on the outside not filled to 400 psig within 40 seconds.
perimeter after installation in order Possible causes are the oxygen tank
to insure that the quad-ring has not may have insufficient oxygen pressure,
been “rolled”. A quad-ring that is the regulator is not set to deliver 450
rolled or twisted will not seal psig, the pin valve in the bomb head has
properly. not seated properly due to foreign
matter around the pin, an oxygen leak is
5000 Tests in the oxygen control solenoids or in the
oxygen feed tubing between the
Replace gear pump assembly and solenoids and the bomb cylinder, or the
center plastic portion of motor coupler. vent solenoid on the 322VB Valve
Assembly may be leaking on the fill
Replace large quad ring that seals cycle. The oxygen solenoid is
bucket. Lube 719DD slide rod at rear of accessible by following instructions for
loader mechanism with light machine oil. step 1 and 2/3 in Access to the Interior
Return the 1131 bomb to the factory for of 1271 Tower (A750DD) section of this
recertification. chapter.

Table 9-1
Fuse Assignments

Output OP/LED # Fuse # Part #

O2 Fill 1 F5 139E6
O2 Dump 2 F6 139E6
Bombrinse 3 F4 139E6
Tankfill 4 F3 139E14
Coldwater 5 F2 136E6
Initial Water 6 F1 139E6
Drain 7 F9 139E6
Headup 8 F8 139E6
Headdown 9 F8
Headopen 10 F8
Headclose 11 F8
Isolate 12 F8
Unisolate 13 F8
Shield Forward 14 F7 139E6
Guard Up 16 F7
Divert 18 F7
Ignition  F10 139E6
Pump 22 F11(4A;Rectifier) Type) 959E3
Heater 20 
Cooling 21 
Power-Air  F12 139E6
Cylinders

9-7
A865DD Pump Service 4. Remove the pump seal (690DD)
using a pair of locking forceps,
Parr recommends that the A865DD taking care not to mar or gouge the
pump assembly be replaced or serviced pump cover (681DD). Discard the
at a 5000 test interval in order to old pump seal.
maintain reliable operation. This
replacement is necessitated due, in 5. Remove the snap ring (682DD)
large part, to wear of the water seal using snap ring pliers (Parr part no.
used in this assembly. Parr has 356HCW) and the wave spring
provided this assembly as a complete (683DD).
tested unit to end users due to the
involved nature of fitting a new seal into 6. Pull the shaft (685DD) and bearings
the assembly. A recent modification to a (684DD) from the pump cover as a
part used in this assembly has greatly unit.
simplified the installation and
replacement of the water seal, thus 7. Remove the bearings from the old
making field installation practical. This shaft and fit them on the new shaft.
improvement may result in lower cost of Discard the old shaft. Old shafts can
ownership for those users capable of not be modified to incorporate the
performing the service, outlined below, new groove detail.
on the water pump assembly. Original
1271 Calorimeter pump assemblies 8. Reverse the above procedure to
required that the seal be cemented in reassemble the pump assembly,
place in order to restrict the movement fitting a new water seal to the shaft.
of the seal during calorimeter operation.
New pump assemblies use a modified Seal replacement in pumps that
pump shaft (685DD), incorporating a incorporate a new shaft involves simply
recessed area for the seal. This pulling the old seal from the shaft, with
modification has been demonstrated to small tipped locking type forceps, and
be effective at properly holding the seal fitting a new one in its place. Make sure
in place during calorimeter operation. that the new seal is properly aligned in
Old pump assemblies can be upgraded the groove behind the driven gear.
to use this new shaft using the following
procedure. Caution:
Fitting a new seal, as described
Shaft Replacement above, to an old shaft, without the
new groove detail, will result in
1. Parts required are 685DD shaft and erratic calorimeter operation.
690DD seal.
Heavily worn pumps may have a grove
2. Remove the plastic gears (689DD) worn into the pump cover where the
and shaft key (688DD). seal lip contacts the cover. Fitting a new
seal to an excessively worn cover may
3. Remove the motor coupler (869DD) not result in a reliable, long lasting seal.
using a 1/32" Allen wrench (Parr part If this is the case, replacement of the
no. TX03SK). pump cover (681DD), with the 687DD
idler shaft cemented in place, is the only
recourse.

9-8
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

Another item that may require guide is given on a problem by problem

replacement is the bronze bushing basis:
pressed into the gear which runs on the
idler shaft. As a general rule, it is easier Problem - Work station does not
and simpler to replace the gear and the communicate with controller, producing
bushing(689DD and 715DD assembled) chronic Mux error.
as a unit rather than attempting to reuse
the old gear by removing the worn • Check MUX communication cable
bushing. (RJ-45) between controller and work
station. Is it plugged in? Gain access
While the pump is being serviced, it is to right rear of work station where
usually a good idea to replace the driver board is located, following
1096HC O-ring used to seal the pump case removal steps 1 and 2/3, apply
into the bucket assembly. power to the tower. Verify the power
supply voltages at J9. The voltages
Parr will continue to stock A856DD should match those found inside the
pump assemblies for those users who controller at the same style
simply wish to replace the pump as an connector. If they do not match, the
assembled and pre-tested unit. power wiring/cabling between the
controller and the workstation is
Pneumatic Solenoid Replacement defective. Otherwise, a failure of the
circuit board is indicated.
Follow instructions Access to the Interior
of 1271 Tower (A750DD) in this chapter. Problem - One or more outputs do not
Then disconnect the solenoid lead wires come on.
at the 1329E Wiring module by inserting
a small blade screw driver into the Check fuses. Assignments are given in
opening adjacent to the wire. Pry toward Table 9-1 along with test jumper ID.
the wire to release wire clamping force. Short across the respective OP jumper
After removing both wires, insert the pins to force output on.
short section of a 7/64" Allen wrench, or
other suitable 1/8" diameter spanner, Note:
into one of two openings at base of Driver board must be
solenoid. Rotate counter clockwise to communicating with controller or
remove the solenoid. Install replacement defeat 24V automatic shutoff by
solenoid by reversing the above jumpering OP26 @ position L0.
procedure. These units are not Unless otherwise noted, all fuses are
repairable. 1A, fast acting. Also, I/O diagnostics
may be performed at the controller
I/O Driver Board (A1490E) by pressing 9,2,3 (or 9,2,6 for the
Troubleshooting second tower) from the Main Menu.
The up/down arrows allow output
Follow instructions for Step 1 - Top selection and the yes/no keys turn
Cover and Step 2/3 - Right/Left Rear the selected output on/off. I/O
Side Panels of Access to the Interior of assignments can be obtained by
1271 work station (A750DD) in this pressing the HELP key while in this
chapter. The following troubleshooting menu.

9-9
Problem - All Hall Effect switch inputs a wire or screwdriver. If the beeping
are not being sensed properly, stops and the display says
producing head up/down/open/closed “charging”, then the internal circuitry
errors. is ok. If ok, proceed with step three.

• Check fuse F12. 2. Check to see that the A767DD

Bottom Jacket Plate is closing
Sample Does Not Burn completely so that the contact strips
make good contact and align with
The bomb cylinder check valve may not the terminals on the bomb head. The
be sealing properly. This problem may bottom plate may not be closing due
be confirmed by checking the oxygen to low pneumatic pressure, which
line vent during the 02 filling process. At should be maintained at 100 psi.
the end of the 02 fill cycle, the line is Check the screws that secure the
vented, and it takes about 1 second. ignition lead wires to the 1341E
Should the venting process take contact strips, and also check the
significantly longer as evidences by continuity of the ignition lead wires.
noise generated by the oxygen vented Check voltage at the ignition
into the waste carboy, the problem is the capacitor by following steps 1 and
cylinder check valve not seating 2/3 of the Access to the Interior of
properly. The leak also might occur at 1271 Work Station, page 9-1.
the head release valve, 668DD, and is
generally audible. 3. Make sure the bomb head fuse wire
is securely fastened to the
Follow steps 1 and 5. Remove the 7/16" electrodes. Tighten hold down
compression nut that secures the screws, or replace fuse wire, as
oxygen filling line to the 338VB required.
Connector which is in turn threaded into
top of the bomb cylinder. After removing 4. Check that the ignition contacts
the connector using 9/16" wrench or located on the lower thermal shield,
socket, remove the check valve with which swings up to cover the bomb
attached O-ring with tweezers or needle head during a test, are clean and
nose pliers. Replace O-ring and parallel to the shield. It can not hurt
reassemble. Test unit by running a to bend them away from the shield,
pretest cycle. slightly, in order to provide a little
more contact force on the bomb
Open Fuse Connection head connections, when the shield
swings into its operating position. If
1. The ignition circuit can be checked the contacts are badly pitted, replace
by pressing 9, 2, 1 from the main them. Firing circuit is 30 volts.
menu. This routine will first check
that there is continuity between the Head Extraction Procedure
pair of ignition contacts. The
controller will beep until continuity is The following procedure should be
established or until the RESET key followed in the event that the
is pressed. Short the ignition combustion bomb head becomes
contacts together, at the shield, with “stuck” in the cylinder.

9-10
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

1. Check nitrogen tank regulator for 4. Check to see that there is no

correct downstream pressure (100 pressure in the bomb by pressing
psig). upward on bomb head release pin. If
the pin can not be moved, there is
2. Try get head operation on page 9.7. pressure inside of bomb. Turn on
head-up to raise the loader rod. This
If this does not work, go back to will release bomb pressure.
diagnostics menu and press 2, 3 (I/O Manually assist as required. Turn
Diagnostics) and perform the following head-up off and push rod down by
basic operations: hand.

1. Down arrow to head open; turn on 5. Press shift and escape

then off by pressing yes then no. simultaneously to return to the Main
Menu.
2. Down arrow once to head close, turn
on then off. 6. Place a long screwdriver, acting as a
pry bar in this case, between the
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 several times pins on the head and rotate until you
in order to observe proper loader rod reach a point where turning
movement. resistance is at a minimum. At this
point, the cylinder and head lugs are
4. Go to head open command and turn disengaged. Remove the head from
head open off. the cylinder by pulling down on the
head pins with two hands.
5. Up arrow to head up and turn it on.
7. Place head on loader rod.
6. Down arrow to head down and turn it
on. 8. Check that the 646DD brass ring is
positioned correctly on the 888DD
7. Up arrow to head up and turn it off. bomb cylinder and that the 1071DD
The head should come down. sealing ring has not been damaged
and is positioned correctly in the
8. Press shift and escape cylinder, the sealing ring should be
simultaneously to return to the main equidistant from the bottom of the
menu. cylinder. If daily maintenance has
not been done, then do so at this
If above procedure is unsuccessful, then time and then perform head-up and
manual extraction of the head is get head procedures. If head
indicated. becomes stuck again, remove head
and perform Head Timing
1. Press 9, 2, 3 from the Main Menu to Procedure.
enter the I/O diagnostics again.
Note:
2. Down arrow to head closed. Turn on The mechanical condition of the
then off. bomb must be watched carefully and
any parts that show signs of
3. Separate loader rod from head by weakness or deterioration should be
grasping loader rod and pushing replaced before they fail. Otherwise,
down by hand. a serious accident may occur.

9-11
It is recommended that O-rings,
gaskets and seals be replaced by the Indications - Head is slightly mistimed.
user after 500 firings or at more
frequent intervals if the bomb has Solution - Manually load and unload the
been subject to heavy usage or bomb head to and from the cylinder by
shows any evidence of damage from direct manipulation of the loader
over pressure or other causes. mechanism. Head open, head up, head
closed, head open, head down.
1271 Head Timing Procedure
Determine whether the head is under or
Goal - To position the head so that over rotated at the head down step.
there is no mechanical interference of
the lugs on the head with the Loosen the SB2520SC12 fastener that
corresponding lugs of the cylinder locks the 739DD to the 733DD rod,
during a head up and/or head while the head is up, and adjust the
extraction. position (extension) of the open/ closed
air cylinder to eliminate the under/over
Preliminary Steps - Refer to figure 9-9. rotation.
First, check that the sets screws that
hold the 734DD to the 733DD are tight. Firmly tighten the SB2520SC12 fastener
Loose set screws here will result in that locks the 739DD to the 733DD rod.
symptoms (head down errors) that
otherwise would require re-timing. Repeat the manual loading
Tighten as required and check by doing operation/adjustment to obtain smooth
a head-up/get head cycle on page 9.7. If operation.
the problem persists, remove the front
cover assembly. Confirm correct timing by doing head
up/get head cycle(s) via the 9.7 menu.
Go to the Controller Main Menu and
press SHIFT 1. Make sure that the Problem - Head will not go into the
loader mechanism can fully rotate the cylinder (Head lugs hit cylinder lugs).
1/16th of a turn (22.5 degrees) as
indicated by the Input Image on the Indications - Head is grossly mistimed.
SHIFT 1 screen. The Input Image on the
SHIFT 1 screen will read 6 in the left Solution - Loosen socket head set
most position with the loader rod down screw in the 739DD (Arm). This is
and open. In the down and closed located at the bottom of the 733DD twist
position the screen will read 5. Failure to tube. This should allow the 734DD
achieve full rotation will result in head rotator collar to spin freely.
insertion/withdraw problems. Identify the
cause of the under-rotation and correct With the bomb head on the 734DD
as required. rotator collar, and the open/closed air
cylinder in the open (extended) position,
Problem - Head up operation works fine the loop electrode should be on the right
and get head operation produces head and the straight electrode should be on
down errors, with the loader rod “stuck” the left.
in the up position.

9-12
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

Manually lift the loader mechanism up to fully penetrates the cylinder, the input
put the head in the cylinder, keeping the image should have an “a” in the left
open/closed air cylinder in the extended most position, which indicates the head
position. Rotate the head, slightly, as is up and open (8 hex plus 2 hex equals
needed to center the head lugs between “a” hex). See the HELP screen
the cylinder lugs. associated with the I/O Diagnostics for
this and other related input bit
Firmly tighten the SB2520SC12 fastener assignments. If the input image shows 2
that locks the 739DD to the 733DD twist then the head up sensor is not coming
tube. on. The next section will describe how to
adjust the position of the head up
Manually load and unload the bomb sensor.
head to and from the cylinder by direct
manipulation of the loader mechanism. Head Up Sensor Alignment - Exit the
Put the head into the following positions: I/O Diagnostic routine. Remove the
Head open, head up, head closed, head head and the drip pan. Unscrew the
open and head down. bomb rinse fitting, where the bomb
washings exit the instrument. Follow
Repeat the manual loading steps 1 thru 4 on page 9-1 of the 1271
operation/adjustment to obtain smooth Operating Instruction Manual to remove
operation. the front cover assembly. Press 9, 2, 3
from the main menu to enter the I/O
Confirm correct timing by doing head Diagnostic routine again. Install the
up/get head cycle(s) via the 9.7 menu. bomb head onto the loading rod. Turn
on head open followed by head up to
Pneumatic Cylinder Check drive the head into the cylinder. There
are two sensors which are clamped to
There are two pneumatic cylinders in the gas cylinder to indicate the position
the 1271 Calorimeter that control head of the cylinder to the controller. The
operations, head open/close and head lower sensor is the head up sensor. The
up/down (see figure 9-5). There is a sensors have a built in light which
sensor for indicating each of the four illuminates when the switch is on. The
possible head positions: head up, head sensor is activated when a magnet,
down, head open and head closed (see attached internally to the gas cylinder
figure 9-5). The failure of any given piston, is directly underneath the sensor.
sensor to operate properly can result Loosen the clamp with an Allen wrench
from an electrical failure of the switch or and slide the sensor and clamp as a unit
because it is incorrectly positioned on to the middle of the active magnetic
the pneumatic cylinder. area on the gas cylinder. The light
should come on and the controller
Checking the Head Up Sensor - Press should indicate an “a” in the left most
9, 2, 3 from the main menu to enter the input image position. If the sensor light
I/O Diagnostics. Arrow down to head comes on but the controller diagnostic
open and turn it on. Arrow up to head up screen does not respond correctly, the
and turn it on. Assuming that the head sensor should be replaced.

9-13
The center of the active magnetic area the instrument tools provided, remove
can be easily determined as follows: the 7/16" compression nut that secures
the oxygen filling line to the 338VBAD
With the sensor light on, slide the connection which is threaded into the
sensor up until the light goes off, and top of the bomb cylinder. Remove the
mark this position on the gas cylinder 338VBAD connector, and with tweezers
with a pencil where the top of the sensor remove the 643DD check valve.
meets the cylinder. Then slide the Remove the 642DD nut with socket
sensor and clamp down, turning the light wrench and with free hand grasp the
on and off. Mark this lower position bottom of the cylinder via the loading
where the light just turns off. The center chamber so as to catch the cylinder
of the active magnetic area is halfway when free from bucket chamber.
between these two marks. Move the top
of the sensor to this midpoint position Note:
and tighten the clamp. Withdraw the bomb cylinder and
note the position of the notch in the
Make sure the sensor is rotated to the 646DD Brass Outer Ring. Insert the
right, and not positioned toward the front replacement bomb with the notch of
of the instrument. If the sensor is the ring in the correct position to
positioned (rotated) to the front of the engage the pin in the front and
instrument, it will rub on the inside of the center of the bucket chamber and
front cover assembly when the head secure cylinder with 642DD Nut.
goes up and down, and will become
mis-adjusted. Bomb Repairs and Proof Tests. Parr
oxygen bombs can be returned to the
Other Sensors - The other three factory at any time for repair and testing
sensors can be checked and adjusted in in accordance with ANSI/ ASTM E144-
a similar fashion, by positioning the 94, “Recommended Practice for Safe
head in the appropriate position and Use of Oxygen Combustion Bombs”.
observing the correct response. The
head down sensor (upper) can be Ship prepaid to Parr Instrument
checked or aligned in a manner similar Company, ATTN: Repair Department,
to that used for the head up sensor, 211-53rd Street, Moline, IL, 61265.
except that the loader rod is in the idle
(down) position. The head open and Send a Purchase Order with the
head close sensors may be checked by shipment, provide return shipping
manually rotating the head open and instructions and the name and
closed. The input image on the I/O telephone number of the person to be
Diagnostic screen will read 6 in the left contacted if questions arise concerning
most position with the loader rod down repair costs or other problems.
and open. In the down and closed
position the screen will read 5. The Note:
alignment procedure is similar to that No repairs will be started without a
used for the head up/down sensors. purchase order.

Oxygen Bomb Service. Follow steps 1 Individual repair parts can be ordered
and 5 in Access to the Interior of 1271 from any Parr dealer or direct from the
Work Station (A750DD). Remove the factory.
head from the loader mechanism. With

9-14
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

1271 Error Messages

Error: 64/65
The error messages programmed into Open Fuse Connection - System does
the microprocessor alert the user that a not have electrical continuity through the
problem exists with the calorimeter and firing circuit (see Troubleshooting
needs to be resolved before continuing. Chapter).
There are also error messages, not
covered in the following information, to Error: 66/67
help programmers and manufacturers Misfire - The sample did not ignite. The
design and assemble the calorimeter possible causes are poor contact
system. between string and wire, or wet fingers
installed the string.
Error: 40
Cold Restart - The controller sensed a Error: 68/69
disconnection of the CPU board. The Pre-period Time-out - The controller
system has reset all options to the found that the bucket temperature did
factory settings or to the last program not attain a steady state condition.
saved to the EEPROM. Check for inadequate water flow through
tubing from water handling system and
Error: 41 filters in need of cleaning or
Low Battery Voltage - The battery replacement. Use of oxygen from
backup for the CPU board located in the oxygen cylinder stored outside in
controller has low voltage and needs to subfreezing climates.
be replaced.
Error: 70/71
Error: 43 Post-period Time-out - The controller
Mux Communications Error - found that the bucket temperature did
Communication exchange between the not attain a steady state condition after
work station and the controller was firing the bomb.
incorrect. There are many exchanges
between controller and work station Error: 72/73
every second. It would not be unusual Run Aborted - The test stopped via the
for one exchange to be incorrect in reset key.
twenty-four hours. Frequent error
messages (i.e. one every hour) merits Error: 74/75
attention. Pressure Release Error - If this occurs
at the beginning of the cool/rinse, then
Error: 44/51 the 668DD head check valve is stuck or
Work Station Not Responding - The there is insufficient upward force to
work station is not responding to release it. If the error occurs at the end
communications via the control link. The of the cool/rinse cycle, then the head
problem may exist in the control link check valve has become tilted in the
cable, on the A1271E Board or the head and is preventing the loader
power supply in the work station. assembly from fully engaging the head.

Error: 60/61
Cal Not Ready - The calorimeter is busy
performing another function i.e. a
pretest cycle.

9-15
Error: 78/79 either because the switch has failed, the
02 Low Pressure - The pressure in the switch is not positioned correctly or the
oxygen feed line to the bomb is less cylinder is not moving to the down
than 400 psig (see Troubleshooting position.
Chapter).
Error: 92/93
Error: 80/81 Up Position Sensor Error - The up
02 Leak - The system did reach the switch on the up/down pneumatic
correct oxygen pressure. However, cylinder for the head is not functioning
before starting the test procedure, a either because the switch has failed, the
recheck of oxygen pressure to bomb switch is not positioned correctly or the
indicated the oxygen pressure was less cylinder is not moving to the up position.
than 450 psi which indicates a leak.
Check all internal oxygen feed lines for Error: 94/95
leaks. Open Position Sensor Error - The head
open switch on the head open/ close
Error: 82/83 pneumatic cylinder is not functioning
H20 Fill Time-out - The bucket did not fill either because the switch has failed, the
with water in the allotted time as switch is not positioned correctly, or the
indicated by the motor current. The pneumatic cylinder is not moving to the
water filter in the water feed line open position.
connected to connector No. 2 may need
replacement. A visual check of the water Error: 96/97
lines for the bucket will confirm that Closed Position Sensor Error - The
water is entering the bucket. Check the head closed switch is not functioning
859DD coupler to see that it is still either because the switch has failed, the
functioning between the motor and the switch is not positioned correctly or the
stirrer assembly (see Figure F-1). pneumatic cylinder is not moving to the
closed position.
Error: 84/85
Cool Down Time-out - The temperature Error: 102/103
in the bucket did not reach the Run In Progress - The calorimeter is not
necessary temperature for starting the available to do another function as it is
next test in the allotted time. The filter in busy running a test.
the cold water line to connector No. 1
may be plugged or the cooler may not Error: 104
be functioning properly, i.e. insufficient Error Tank - Low Water Level - The
coolant. level switch in the water handling
system indicates that the water level
Error: 86/87 dropped and more water needs to be
Drain Time-out - The calorimeter was added. After adding more water add
unable to drain in the allotted time as more photoflow to maintain 50% surface
indicated by the motor current. The area with bubbles.
controller will not allow automatic
extraction of the bomb head if this
message occurs.

Error: 90/91
Down Position Sensor - The head down
switch on the up/down pneumatic
cylinder for the head is not functioning

9-16
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

Error: 106/107 Error: 123

Motor Over Current - The controller has Jacket Temperature Exceeds Limit -
sensed excessively high current being This error results if the jacket
used by the bucket stirrer. This may temperature exceeds 40 C. This
suggest something possibly jammed the situation would result from a failure of
stirrer drive shaft or not enough axial the temperature control circuitry.
play on motor shaft, see Figure F-1.
Error: 132
Error 108 Weight Not Found - The controller did
Bomb Firing Count Exceeded – The not find a weight stored for the Sample
seals on the bomb need to be serviced. ID entered.
Then reset the bomb counter to zero.
Line 5 of menu page 4.7. Error: 133
Spike Weight Not Found - The controller
Error 113,114, 115, 116 did not find a weight stored for the Spike
CAL ID - EE STD DEV Exceeds Limit - Sample ID entered.
This suggests the range of energy
equivalent result is greater than 2.52 Error: 134
cal/C, and is probably due to an outlier Acid Value Not Found - The controller
test. did not find an acid value stored in the
Sulfur Analyzer for the Sample ID
Error: 117/118 entered.
Temperature Rise Exceeds Limit - The
temperature rise exceeded the Error: 135
maximum safe temperature rise in the Sulfur Value Not Found - The controller
oxygen bomb. The bomb cannot exceed did not find a sulfur value stored in the
more than 8000 calories for any given Sulfur Analyzer or in the Sulfur Interface
test. The sample weight needs to be for the Sample ID entered.
reduced.
Error: 136
Error: 119/120 Hydrogen Value Not Found - The
Heater and Pump Are Off - Go to Page controller did not find a hydrogen value
1 to turn ON. The heater and pump will stored for the Sample ID entered.
turn OFF due to low water levels in the
water handling system. Error: 137
Weight Already Entered - indicates a
Error: 121 weight is in memory of controller for the
Jacket Temperature Out Of Tolerance - Sample ID entered.
The test does not start because the
jacket temperature is not within +/- Error: 138
0.5ºC of the set jacket temperature. The Spike Weight Already Entered -
water handling system needs more time Indicates a weight is in memory of
to heat to the desired temperature or the controller for the Sample ID entered.
cooler needs more time to bring the
water temperature down to the desired Error: 139
temperature. Acid Value Already Entered - Indicates
the acid correction is in the controller’s
memory for the Sample ID entered.

9-17
Error: 140 below 100 psig. The problem is
Sulfur Value Already Entered - Indicates insufficient pressure at the pneumatic
that the sulfur correction is in the source, the regulator is not set to 100
controller’s memory for the Sample ID psig, or a filter is plugged to the work
entered. station.

Error: 144 Error: 161/162

Balance - Data Is Unstable - Indicates Head Close Error - The pneumatic
the balance is sending a signal system was not able to rotate the head
suggesting weight is not stable at the to the closed position after inserting the
balance. head into the cylinder.

Error: 145 Error: 163/164

Balance - Weight Is Negative - Indicates Cool-Down Set Point Low Limit - The
a negative value transferred for a bucket cooled to a temperature that is
sample weight. This is generally due to too low for the next test.
improper procedure in the weighing
process. Error: 165/166
Cool-Down Set Point High Limit - The
Error: 146 bucket is not at an acceptable cooled
Invalid Password - The password temperature for starting the next test.
entered to enter sensitive control areas Check the inline filter. Check to see that
is not correct. If password does not cooler is operational.
work, install new EPROMs before using
sensitive control settings. Error: 177
Smart Link - The request for data was
Error: 149 denied by another system on the Smart
Password Protected - To enter the Link because the system was not on,
control settings, use the password. the Smart Link cable failed, or the Smart
Install new EPROMs when password is Link hardware in the sender or receiver
unknown. system has failed.

Error: 150 Error: 181

Weight Is Zero - Entered incorrect Smart Link Data Available - No
weight of zero for sample weight. Clear instrument on the Smart Link had data
the error message and continue with the for the indicated sample ID. Check the
test, then correct via F3 key or use memories of system on the network for
RESET key to abort the test and restart the data.
with correct weight entry.
Error: 183/185
Error: 151/152 Shorted Bucket Probe - The controller
No Water In Bucket - The motor current has sensed a very high temperature in
suggests no water entered the bucket. the bucket probe. The bucket sensor
Possible cause is a plugged filter or a shorted and needs to be replaced.
isolate valve stuck in the isolate
position. See Troubleshooting Chapter, Error: 184/186
Isolate Valve Service. Shorted Jacket Probe - The controller
has sensed a very high temperature in
Error: 153/154 the jacket probe. The jacket probe
Low Air Pressure - The pneumatic shorted and needs to be replaced.
pressure sensor suggests pressure

9-18
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

Error: 187/189
Open Bucket Probe - The controller has
sensed a very low temperature in the
bucket probe. The probe has an open
circuit and needs to be replaced. The
internal cable from BNC connector at
the rear chassis is not attached to
connector H on the DIO board inside the
controller.

Error: 188/190
Open Jacket Probe - The controller has
sensed a very low temperature in the
bucket probe. The probe has an open
circuit and needs to be replaced.

Error: 195/196
Refill Bomb Rinse Tank - The counter
for rinse washing is at zero. Refill the
rinse tank. Reset the bomb rinse
counter after refilling rinse tank (see
Page 2.4).

9-19
9-20
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

9-21
 Figure 9-4
Switch Wiring Schematic

9-22
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

Figure 9-5
Pneumatic Diagram

9-23
9-24
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

9-25
9-26
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

9-27
9-28
Maintenance & Troubleshooting

9-29
9-30
Appendix A - Menu Operating Instructions

When the START key is pressed, the Line 1 - Operating Mode. Sets the
calorimeter will prompt the user for the operating mode by toggling between
Sample ID number. If the automatic standardization and determination.
Sample ID is turned ON, the next
sample will be displayed and if it is Line 2 - Bomb Installed/EE. Used to
correct, press ENTER. If it is not correct, identify the bomb presently installed in
press CLEAR ENTRY and key in the the calorimeter and its EE value.
correct identification number followed by
ENTER. The instrument will then prompt Line 3 - Heater and Pump. Used to
for sample weight, if set up for keyboard switch ON and OFF the heater and
entry. Again, key in the weight followed pump in the water handling system.
by ENTER. If the weight is set up for
automatic transfer, the value will be Note:
displayed and entered directly. Spiking, The heater and pump must be turned
if activated, is entered the same as the ON to bring jacket to the correct
sample weights. starting temperature before testing
can commence.
The settings and controls are organized
into nine main sections or pages which Operating Controls
comprise the Main Menu. This chapter Page 2
describes all pages of the menu-based
operating system of the 1271 Controller. Line 1 - Method of Operation. Offers
an operating mode of either dynamic or
Calorimeter Operation equilibrium. In most cases, the dynamic
Page 1 mode with its curve matching capability
will save approximately 3-4 minutes per
The calorimeter will normally be test and will produce the same operating
operated from Page 1, although tests precision as the slower equilibrium
can be started from many Main Menu mode for most samples.
pages. If the second calorimeter
(Calorimeter II) is installed, the data will Line 2 - Reporting Units. Offers a
be displayed automatically in the second choice of Btu/lb, Cal/g, J/kg or MJ/kg for
data field column. If only Calorimeter I is the reporting units.
present, the display is simplified
accordingly. The number of free areas in Line 3 - Use Spiking Correction.
the memory and the number of rinses Accesses sub-menu, Page 2.3 - Spiking
left in the wash tank are always Controls. Spiking is the material
displayed at the top of this page. addition, such as benzoic acid or
mineral oil, to samples which are difficult
At the bottom of the page is a “status to burn in order to drive the combustion
bar”. This bar provides the current to completion.
status of the calorimeter and a graphical
representation of where the instrument
is in its operating cycle. Error messages
will appear below the “status bar”.

A-1
Spike Controls Bomb Rinse Tank Control
Page 2.3 Page 2.4

Line 1 - Use Spiking. When set to Line 1 - Use Bomb Rinse Tank.
ON, the calorimeter will prompt for ON/OFF toggle for the bomb rinse
the weight of the spike added and tank counter. A full tank will contain
will compensate for the heat of enough rinse water for
combustion in the calculations. approximately 150 tests.

Line 2 - Heat of Combustion of Line 2 - Rinse Tank Capacity. Sets

Spike. The heat of combustion of the number of tests available from a
spike is entered here, Cal/g. tank refill. If rinse timing controls
have been changed, then the value
Line 3 - Use Fixed Spike. When set must be changed proportionally.
to ON, a constant amount of spike is
to be added to each test. Line 3 - Reset CAL I Rinse Tank
Counter. Resets the counter when
Line 4 - Weight of Fixed Spike. The the rinse tank has been refilled. This
weight of the fixed spike is entered counter must be reset after the rinse
here. Normally the calorimeter will tank is refilled.
prompt the user for the weight of the
sample and then the weight of the Line 4 - Reset CAL II Rinse Tank
spike. Counter. Same as Line 3.

Line 5 - Prompt for Spike before Line 5 - Rinse Timing. Accesses

Weight. When set to ON, the above sub-menu, Page 2.4.5 - Rinse
sequence will be reversed. Timing.

Note: Rinse Timing

The precision of tests with fixed Page 2.4.5
spikes can be no better than the
repeatability of the spike weight. Line 1 - CAL1 Rinse Time (s). This
value establishes the time that the
Line 4 - Bomb Rinse Tank Controls. rinse water solenoid is turned ON for
Accesses sub-menu, Page 2.4 - Bomb each rinse cycle. When the rinse
Rinse Tank Control. Wash water for the water solenoid is ON, distilled water
bomb is drawn from the 1575 Bomb from the rinse tank is forced, under
Rinse Tank. Users who wish to collect pressure, into the bomb cylinder.
the bomb washings for acid titrations or This rinses the cylinder walls and the
further analysis will want to fill it with bomb head. These rinsings are then
distilled or other suitable water. pooled and collected at the side port
of the calorimeter. The factory
default value is 3s. This value, along
with the # of rinse cycles,
determines the total volume of
recovered rinsings. These default
values will yield a total of 50 ml
(approx.) of bomb washings.

A-2
Appendix A - Menu Operating Instructions

Line 2 - CAL1 Rinse Flush Time (s).

This value is used to establish a time Line 8 - CAL2 # of Rinse Cycles.
between rinse cycles. During this This value establishes the number of
time the rinse solenoid is turned distinct rinse cycles used to rinse the
OFF. This off time permits the rinse bomb. The factory default value is 3
water to drain out before the next rinse cycles.
rinse cycle begins. The factory
default value is 1s. Line 5 - Water Tank Fill Controls.
Accesses sub-menu, Page 2.5 - Water
Line 3 - CAL1 Clear Time (s). This Tank Filling Controls. Contains the
time value is used to establish a controls for automatically refilling the
post-rinse oxygen filling time for the water tank in the closed water system to
bomb. This step is used to clear the make up for evaporation and other
lines and valves of any residual rinse losses.
water prior to the next test. The
factory default value is 10s. Water Tank Filling Controls
Page 2.5
Line 4 - CAL1 # of Rinse Cycles.
This value establishes the number of Line 1 - Automatic Water Tank
distinct rinse cycles used to rinse the Filling. If tank is to be filled manually,
bomb. The factory default value is 3 the automatic filling feature should
rinse cycles. be turned OFF. If tank is to be filled
automatically, a supply line is
Line 5 - Cal2 Rinse Time (s). This connected to the reservoir and the
value establishes the time that the automatic filling feature should be
rinse water solenoid is ON, distilled turned ON. A solenoid valve will now
water from the rinse tank is forced, open automatically whenever make-
under pressure, into the bomb up water is required in this reservoir.
cylinder which rinses the cylinder When the automatic feature is
walls and the bomb head. These turned on, the user must periodically
rinsings are then pooled and add wetting agent to the tank to
collected at the side port of the ensure bucket is being completely
calorimeter. filled during each test. The water is
adequately wetted when a thin layer
Line 6 - CAL2 Rinse Flush Time (s). of suds exists across the water
This value is used to establish a time surface in the tank.
between rinse cycles. During this
time the rinse solenoid is turned Line 2 - Water Tank Fill Time-out.
OFF. This off time permits the rinse Establishes the maximum time in
water to drain out before the next seconds that this fill valve will remain
rinse cycle begins. The factory open. This is a backup feature to the
default value is 1s. float control to prevent flooding of
the reservoir.
Line 7 - CAL2 Clear Time (s). This
time value is used to establish a Line 6 - Other Multiplier. This
post-rinse oxygen filling time for the parameter is used to enter a final
bomb. This step is used to clear the multiplication factor for reporting units
lines and valves of any residual rinse not provided on line 2. This multiplier is
water prior to next test. The factory used when the reporting units on line 2
default value is 10s. are blank.

A-3
Line 7 - LCD Contrast. Controls the
liquid crystal display on the calorimeter. Line 5 - Factory Hardware Version.
The number entered sets the contrast in Displays the current version of hardware
values between 1 and 100. Higher installed in the controller.
numbers provide greater contrast.
Numbers in the 60’s provide excellent Line 6 - Password Protection.
contrast for most lighting conditions. Provides password protection for the
program options and settings on the
Line 8 - LCD Backlight Time-out. The menus. If this feature is turned ON, the
unit is equipped with an automatic circuit user will be prompted for a number, up
to shut-off the backlight when it is not to six digits long, which will be the
being used. The back light will shut-off if password for all protected settings.
there is no keyboard activity for the Once protected, any attempts to change
number of seconds entered. Pressing a setting will be met with a prompt for
any key will automatically turn the back the password. The program revision will
lighting ON. A setting of 0 will keep the only be made after the correct password
backlight ON at all times. has been entered. If access is required
to sensitive areas protected by
Line 9 - Print Error Messages. When password and the password is not
turned ON, all error messages will be known, new Eproms will be required.
printed on the printer and displayed on
the screen. Line 7 - Re-load Factory Default
Settings. Used to erase all of the
Line 0 - Display Stored Samples. settings and restore the factory default
Displays a listing of all Sample ID’s settings.
stored in the memory of the controller.
Line 8 - Re-load User Default
Program Information and Control Settings. Used to restore the user’s
Page 3 setup should the program in the
instrument be corrupted for any reason.
Line 1 - Date. Used to enter the current
date. Line 9 - Copy Current Setup to
EEPROM. Used to record the setup to
Line 2 - Time. Used to enter the current the EEPROM once the user has
military time. configured the instrument to their
operating requirements.
Line 3 - Software Version. Displays the
current version of software installed in Note:
the controller. Lines 6 thru 9 make global changes
to the setup of the calorimeter and,
Line 4 - User Setup ID. Displays the therefore, contain a YES or NO
last user entered ID number for the response to make certain that the
setup stored in EEPROM. user wishes to proceed. This two
step entry is intended to prevent
inadvertent global program changes.

A-4
Appendix A - Menu Operating Instructions

Line 0 - Cold Restart. Returns the Line 4 - Bomb Service Interval.

instrument to its initial state. It will re- Establishes the maximum number of
load from the EEPROM the user’s setup times a bomb may be fired after which it
if it was saved using Line 9 - Copy should be serviced.
Current Setup to EEPROM, and all valid
test data will be retained during this cold Line 5 - CAL I - Use Bomb. Used to
restart procedure. Otherwise the enter the bomb number of the bomb
instrument will return to the factory currently installed in Calorimeter I. The
default settings. left and right arrow keys are used to
toggle through the bomb identification
Calibration Data and Controls numbers available for each bomb.
Page 4
Line 6 - CAL II - Use Bomb. Used to
Line 1 - Calibration Run Limit. enter the bomb number of the bomb
Establishes the maximum number of currently installed in Calorimeter II. The
runs that will be included in determining left and right arrow keys are used to
the EE value of a bomb and bucket toggle through the bomb identification
combination. Most test methods suggest numbers available for each bomb.
10 tests. If more than the set maximum
are present, the most recent tests will be Line 7 - Bomb 1. Leads to sub-menu,
used; if fewer than the limit are present, Page 4.7 - Bomb 1. Contains the
all available tests will be used. The standardization information for bomb
oldest tests in excess of the entered and bucket combinations. While only
number will be deleted from memory. one bomb and bucket is installed in the
calorimeter at a time, a spare may be
Line 2 - EE Max Std Deviation. used for servicing and the respective EE
Establishes the maximum relative values for each bomb can be stored in
standard deviation in percent that will be memory
permitted for any EE value calculated by
the calorimeter. If this value is Bomb 1
exceeded, the user will be warned to Page 4.7
take corrective action before proceeding
with testing. This calorimeter is capable Line 1 - EE Value. Contains the
of achieving a value of .15 or better. calculated EE value for the
corresponding bomb.
Line 3 - Heat of Combustion of
Standard. Contains the heat of Line 2 - Protected EE Value. When
combustion in calories per gram for the set to ON, protects the EE values if
material used to standardize the the user does not wish to have the
calorimeter. For benzoic acid, this value calorimeter automatically update its
is 6318 calories per gram. own EE value. Enter into Line 1 the
determined EE value and it will not
change unless revised through the
keyboard. The protect must be off to
manually store valves.

A-5
Line 3 - Number of Runs. Shows
how many runs have been used to Thermochemical Calculations
determine the EE value. (Only final Page 5
reports are included in these
calculations.) Note:
To access the numeric field from the
Line 4 - Relative Standard Deviation. ON/OFF toggle position, press the
Reports the relative standard SKIP key. The SKIP key will also
deviation for the series of tests used return you to the ON/OFF choices.
to determine the current EE value.
Line 1 - Fixed Fuse Correction
Line 5 - Bomb Firing Count. (Standardization). Turns ON/OFF the
Contains the current bomb firing fixed fuse corrections for standardization
count or the number of times the runs. The actual fixed correction for this
bomb has been fired since it was value is entered in the second data field.
last serviced. When this count
matches the limit set on Page 4 - Line 2 - Fixed Acid Correction
Calibration Data & Controls, Line 4 - (Standardization). Turns ON/OFF the
Bomb Service Interval, the user will fixed acid corrections for standardization
be informed that the bomb is ready runs. The actual fixed correction for this
for service by error 108. value is entered in the second data field.

Line 6 - Print Standardization Runs. Line 3 - Fixed Sulfur Correction

Will print all of the tests that have (Standardization). Turns ON/OFF the
been incorporated into the fixed sulfur corrections for
calculated EE value. This will be standardization runs. The actual fixed
helpful in evaluating a series of tests correction for this value is entered in the
which fail to produce a satisfactory second data field.
EE value and relative standard
deviation. Line 4 - Fixed Fuse
Correction(Determination). Turns
Line 7 - Update Statistics. This code ON/OFF the fixed fuse corrections for
will cause the EE Value for this determination runs. The actual fixed
calorimeter ID to be updated using correction for this value is entered in the
all standardization runs currently in second data field.
memory. (5)
Line 5 - Fixed Acid
Line 8 - Bomb 2. Accesses sub- Correction(Determination). Turns
menu, Page 4.8 - Bomb 2. Provides ON/OFF the fixed acid corrections for
the same controls as Page 4.7 - determination runs. The actual fixed
Bomb 1, Lines 1-7. correction for this value is entered in the
second data field.
Line 9 - Bomb 3. Accesses sub-
menu, Page 4.9 - Bomb 3. Provides Line 6 - Fixed Sulfur
the same controls as Page 4.7 - Correction(Determination). Turns
Bomb 1, Lines 1-7. ON/OFF the fixed sulfur corrections for
determination runs. The actual fixed
Line 0 - Bomb 4. Accesses sub- correction for this value is entered in the
menu, Page 4.0 - Bomb 4. Provides second data field
the same controls as Page 4.7 -
Bomb 1, Lines 1-7.

A-6
Appendix A - Menu Operating Instructions

Note: number here requires that the sulfur

When fixed corrections are turned value be entered in weight percent.
ON, the value in the attached field
will be used in both the preliminary Line 5 - Fuse Multiplier. The fuse
and final reports. The calorimeter corrections represent the number of
will not prompt for actual calories liberated by the burning
corrections. If all corrections are thread used to ignite the sample. If
fixed, then preliminary and final another measurement is used, the
reports will be identical. If values for correction factor must be entered
these corrections are entered into here.
these lines, and the toggle is set to
OFF, then the fixed value will be used Line 6 - Use Offset Correction (ISO).
in the preliminary report, but not in The thermochemical calculations
the final report. used for treatment of nitric acid and
sulfuric acid corrections in the ISO
Line 7 - Calculation Factors. Accesses and B. S. methods require an offset
sub-menu, Page 5.7 - Calculation correction to compensate for the
Factors which sets a number of options back titration that is made. To use
for the way the thermochemical these calculations, set to ON and
corrections are applied. enter the appropriate value on Line
Calculation Factors Page 5.7 7.

Line 1 - Acid Value is Nitric Acid Line 7 - Offset Value. Entry for the
Only. When set to ON, the acid value when Line 6 above is turned
value is nitric acid only. When set to ON.
OFF, it represents both nitric and
sulfuric acid. Line 8 - Calculate Net Heat of
Combustion. Turns ON/OFF the
Line 2 - Acid Multiplier. The calculations for the net heat of
multiplier is the normality of the combustion for materials with
sodium carbonate used to titrate for significant hydrogen content. When
the acid correction. set to ON, the calorimeter will
prompt for hydrogen content during
Line 3 - Sulfur Value is Percent. the reporting data entry steps.
When set to ON, the sulfur value is
being entered as weight percent Line 9 - Calorimeter II same as I.
sulfur. If another system is to be Establishes that all corrections will
used, this must be turned OFF and be handled in the same manner for
the sulfur multiplier on Line 4 set Calorimeter II when it is installed. If
accordingly. this is turned OFF, controls for
Calorimeter II are set on sub-menu,
Line 4 - Sulfur Multiplier. Values Page 5.9 - Thermochemical
entered by the user to be used for Corrections. This sub-menu is the
the sulfur correction are multiplied by same as Page 5 - Thermochemical
this value to get the product into Corrections, Lines 1-9.
units of milliequivalents. The default

A-7
Data Entry Controls
Page 6 Line 8 - Automatic Sample ID
Number. Displays the next Sample ID
Line 1 - Weight Entry Mode. This data which will be assigned and is used to
field contains options for entering the enter the beginning Sample ID of any
sample weight through the keyboard, series. The user can always override the
instruments connected via the Smart automatic Sample ID by entering the
Link port or through the balance port desired number and pressing ENTER.
connection.

Line 2 - Spike Weight Entry Mode. Line 9 - Preweigh Menu. Accesses

This data field contains options for sub- menu, Page 6.9 - Preweigh
entering the spike weight value through Sample ID Controls used to
the keyboard, instruments connected via automatically assign Sample ID
the Smart Link port or through the numbers when a series of samples are
balance port connection. preweighed ahead of the time they are
actually tested.
Line 3 - Acid Entry Mode. This data
field contains options for entering the Preweigh Sample ID Controls
acid correction value through the Page 6.9
keyboard, instruments connected via the
Smart Link port or through the balance Line 1 - Automatic Preweigh ID.
port connection. ON/OFF toggle for this feature.

Line 4 - Sulfur Entry Mode. This data Line 2 - Automatic Preweigh ID

field contains options for entering the Increment. Establishes the
sulfur correction value through the increment between samples.
keyboard, instruments connected via the
Smart Link port or through the balance Line 3 - Automatic Preweigh ID
port connection. Number. Shows the next Sample ID
which will be assigned and is used
Line 5 - Hydrogen Entry Mode. This to enter the beginning Sample ID of
data field contains options for entering any series.
the hydrogen content for calculating the
net heat of combustion through the Reporting Controls
keyboard, instruments connected via the Page 7
Smart Link port or through the balance
port connection. Line 1 - Printer Controls. Accesses
sub-menu, Page 7.1 - Printer Type
Line 6 - Automatic Sample ID. When which contains the printer selection and
set to ON, activates and controls the controls.
automatic assignment of Sample ID
Numbers. Printer Controls Page 7.1

Line 7 - Automatic Sample ID Line 1 - Printer Type. Toggles

Increment. Establishes the increment between a Parr 1756 and a generic
between sample number. (1 = 1, 2, 3; 10 printer. When set for the 1756
= 10, 20, 30) Printer, all of the features of this
printer, such as red/black printing,
will be activated.

A-8
Appendix A - Menu Operating Instructions

Line 2 - Printer Connection. Sets the

printer location. The printer can be Lines 7 - Edit Final Reports. When set
connected directly to the printer port to ON and F3 is pressed, enables the
or to another device connected via user to revise sample weight and
the Smart Link. thermochemical corrections.

Line 3 - Remote Printer Unit ID (0- Line 8 - Recalculate Final Reports.

15). If printer is attached to another When set to ON, causes a recalculation
device on the Smart Link, the of stored final reports using calibration
address of the device must be data and menu settings currently in the
entered here. calorimeter.

Line 4 - Report Width. The column Line 9 - Use New EE Value in

width of the printer being used can Recalculation. When set to ON, the
be set to 20, 40 or 80. recalculation made on Line 8 will use
the most recent EE value in the
Line 2 - Report Destination. Directs calculations. In the OFF position, all
the reports to the Printer Port, the Smart calculations will be made using the EE
Link Port, Display or Null Device. value which was effective when the test
was originally run.
Line 3 - Automatic Reporting.
Preliminary reports will be generated at Communication Controls
the conclusion of the test and final Page 8
reports will be generated as soon as all
of the thermochemical corrections are Line 1 - Smart Link Controls.
available when this automatic reporting Accesses sub-menu, Page 8.1 - Smart
feature is turned ON. When this is Link Controls which set the unit ID, baud
turned OFF, reports will only be rate and report type.
generated through the reporting
controls. Smart Link Controls
Page 8.1
Line 4 - Individual Reports. When set
to ON, will generate header information Line 1 - Smart Link Unit ID (0-15).
for each report printed. In the OFF Sets the Smart Link address. If only
position, only one header will be printed one calorimeter is installed on the
for a series of tests. link, the address is 0. If more than
one is installed refer to the Smart
Line 5 - Report Format. Offers a choice Link instructions in Appendix D.
of text or data for the report format. The
data format is intended for rapid Line 2 - Smart Link Baud Rate. Sets
transmission to an attached computer. the baud rate. Smart Links normally
run at 9600 baud unless unusual
Line 6 - Overwrite Final Reports. circumstances dictate slower
Establishes what the calorimeter will do speeds.
when its memory is full of tests. In the
ON position it will automatically erase Line 3 - Smart Link Report Type.
the oldest test and replace it with the Toggles between short report and
new one. In the OFF position it will not long report.
proceed until the user has cleared
memory space using the memory
management system.

A-9
 Line 2 - Printer Port (RS232).
Accesses sub-menu, Page 8.2 - Line 3 - Number of Stop Bits.
Printer Port Communications. Standard options for stop bits.
Toggles between 1 and 2.
Printer Port Communications
Page 8.2 Line 4 - Handshaking. Standard
options for handshaking. Choose
Line 1 - Number of Data Bits. from Xon/Xoff, RTS/CTS and None.
Standard options for data bits.
Toggles between 7 and 8. Line 5 - Baud Rate. Standard
options for baud rate. Choose from
Line 2 - Parity. Standard options for 9600, 4800, 2400, 2000, 1800,
parity. Choose from None, Odd, 1200, 600, 300, 150, 134.5, 110, 75
Even, Mark or Space. and 19.2K.

Line 3 - Number of Stop Bits. Line 6 - Balance Type. Choose from

Standard options for stop bits. Mettler 011, Mettler 03, Sartorious,
Toggles between 1 and 2. Ohaus or Generic.

Line 4 - Handshaking. Standard Line 4 - Terminal Port (RS232).

options for handshaking. Choose Accesses sub-menu, Page 8.4 -
from Xon/Xoff, RTS/CTS and None. Terminal Port Communications. Sets the
communication parameters for the
Line 5 - Baud Rate. Standard RS232 ports used for a terminal port.
options for baud rate. Choose from Standard options for data bits, parity,
9600, 4800, 2400, 2000, 1800, stop bits, handshaking, baud rate,
1200, 600, 300, 150, 134.5, 110, 75 terminal type and remote terminal are
and 19.2K. provided to match any devices that
might be connected to these ports.
Line 3 - Balance Port (RS232).
Accesses sub-menu, Page 8.3 - Terminal Port Communications
Balance Port Communications. Sets the Page 8.4
communication parameters for the
RS232 ports used for a balance port. Line 1 - Number of Data Bits.
Standard options for data bits, parity, Standard options for data bits.
stop bits, handshaking, baud rate and Toggles between 7 and 8.
balance type are provided to match any
devices that might be connected to Line 2 - Parity. Standard options for
these ports. parity. Choose from None, Odd,
Even, Mark or Space.
Balance Port Communications
Page 8.3 Line 3 - Number of Stop Bits.
Standard options for stop bits.
Line 1 - Number of Data Bits. Toggles between 1 and 2.
Standard options for data bits.
Toggles between 7 and 8. Line 4 - Handshaking. Standard
options for handshaking. Choose
Line 2 - Parity. Standard options for from Xon/Xoff, RTS/ CTS and None.
parity. Choose from None, Odd,
Even, Mark or Space.

A-10
Appendix A - Menu Operating Instructions

Line 5 - Baud Rate. Standard Line 2 - Motor Diagnostics.

options for baud rate. Choose from Accesses sub-menu, Page 9.2.2 -
19.2k, 9600, 4800, 2400, 2000, CAL1: Motor Diagnostics. Selects
1800, 1200, 600, 300, 150, 134.5, the pump motor test routines and
110, and 75. offers the user the opportunity to test
the motor in all four of its operating
Line 6 - Terminal Type. Standard modes.
options for terminal. Choose from
ADM-31 or VT100. Line 3 - I/O Driver Diagnostic. Leads
to sub-menu, Page 9.2.3 -
Line 7 - Remote Terminal. When set Calorimeter 1, I/O Diagnostics. This
to ON, a remote terminal can be is a very valuable diagnostic tool
used for diagnostic purposes. which lets the user step through all
of the inputs/outputs and manually
Diagnostics turn them ON/OFF to confirm that
Page 9 they are working properly or to
locate operating problems. At the top
Provides the user with the means to test of this page will be listed the current
many of the components and I/O function to be tested. The
subsystems of the calorimeter. These YES/NO keys are used to turn this
capabilities must be used in conjunction function ON or OFF. The UP and
with the Maintenance Instructions, DOWN arrow keys are used to scroll
Chapter 9, to obtain the maximum through the I/O functions to be
benefits from these capabilities. tested. Supplemental diagnostic
information is shown on the lower
Line 1 - Self-Test. Initiates a test of first section of these screens. Use the
the ROM and then the RAM section of help screen to view the bit definitions
the calorimeter controller. A message of the I/O functions.
line at the bottom of this test screen
reports whether each section passed Line 3 - Thermometry Diagnostics.
this test. Accesses sub-menu, Page 9.3. The
user can use this page to confirm
Line 2 - I/O Diagnostics. Accesses that valid temperature values are
sub-menu, Page 9.2 - I/O Diagnostics. being generated by the bucket and
Allows the user to test the ignition jacket thermistors.
circuit, pump motor and the input/output
drivers in either the Calorimeter I or II. Line 4 - Communication Diagnostics.
Primarily for factory testing and will
I/O Diagnostics not be useful to most users, unless
Page 9.2 special diagnostic equipment is
used.
Line 1 - Activate Ignition Circuit.
Activates the ignition circuit. A volt Line 5 - Keyboard Diagnostics.
meter can be placed across the Accesses sub-menu, Page 9.5 -
firing connections on the cover plate Keyboard Diagnostics.
assembly to ensure that the actual
firing charge is reaching these
contacts.

A-11
Keyboard Diagnostic useful to most users, unless special
Page 9.5 diagnostic equipment is used.

Displays a diagram of the controller Line 9 - Print Error List. Provides a

keyboard. When a key is pressed, its list of all error messages.
corresponding block on the display will
turn dark to confirm that the key is
actually working. To return to Page 9,
the ESCAPE key must be pressed two
times (once to test and a second to
ESCAPE).

Line 6 - EEPROM Up/Down Load.

Primarily for factory testing and will not
be useful to most users, unless special
diagnostic equipment is used.

Line 7 - Basic Calorimeter Functions.

Accesses sub-menu, Page 9.7 - Basic
Calorimeter Functions. Provides the
user with a means of operating the
loader mechanism under manual
control.

Basic Calorimeter Functions

Page 9.7

Line 1 - Head Up. Inserts the bomb

head.

Line 2 - Get Head. Removes the

bomb head.

Line 3 - Rinse Bomb. Will insert the

bomb head, rinse the bomb and
remove the bomb head.

Line 4 - Pre-testing Cycle. Will run

the bomb through its full pretest
cycle to ensure that all systems are
functioning and have reached
operating equilibrium. This pretest
cycle can also be initiated by
pressing the F2 key.

Lines 5 - 8. Provides the same

controls for using Calorimeter II (if
installed).

Line 8 - Data Logger Menu. Primarily

for factory testing and will not be

A-12
Appendix B - Calculations

Calculating the Heat of

Combustion Temperature Rise. The 1271
Calorimeter produces a corrected
The 1271 Calorimeter will automatically temperature rise reading automatically.
make all of the calculations necessary to Corrections for heat leaks during the
produce a gross heat of combustion for test are applied. (For a complete
the sample. However, it is important that discussion of this process see
the user understand these calculations Introduction to Bomb Calorimetry,
to ensure the instrument is set up so the Manual No. 202M).
calculations match the procedures and
the units are consistent throughout the Energy Equivalent. The energy
process. equivalent (represented by W in the
above formula, or abbreviated as EE) is
General Calculations determined by standardizing the
calorimeter as described in Appendix C
The calculation for the gross heat of - Standardization. It is an expression of
combustion is done by: the amount of energy required to raise
the temperature of the calorimeter one
degree. It is commonly expressed in
WT − e1 − e2 −e3
Hc = calories per degree Celsius. Since it is
m directly related to the mass of the
Where: calorimeter, it will change whenever any
of the components of the calorimeter
Hc = Gross heat of (i.e. the bomb, bucket or amount of
combustion. water) is changed.
T = Observed temperature
rise. Thermochemical Corrections
W = Energy equivalent of the
calorimeter being used. Nitric Acid Correction. In the high
e1 = Heat produced by pressure oxygen environment within the
burning the nitrogen oxygen bomb, nitrogen that was present
portion of the air trapped as part of the air trapped in the bomb is
in the bomb to form nitric burned to nitric oxide which combines
acid. with water vapor to form nitric acid. All of
e2 = The heat produced by the this heat is artificial since it is not a
formation of sulfuric acid result of the sample burning. The nitric
from the reaction of sulfur acid correction removes this excess
dioxide, water and heat from the calculation.
oxygen.
e3 = Heat produced by the Sulfur Correction. In the oxygen rich
heating wire and cotton atmosphere within the bomb, sulfur in
thread. the sample is oxidized to sulfur trioxide
m = Mass of the sample. which combines with water vapor to
form sulfuric acid. This liberates
These calculations are made in calories, additional heat over the normal
grams, and degrees Celsius, and then combustion process which converts
converted to other units if required. sulfur to sulfur dioxide. The sulfur
correction removes this excess heat
from the calculation.

B-1
Fuse Correction. The fuse correction in per test. The thread supplied by Parr
the 1271 Calorimeter is significantly has a mass of approximately 1 milligram
different than the correction used in per centimeter. This results in a total
earlier model Parr calorimeters where fuse correction of 50 calories.
the correction was made to compensate
for the amount of fuse wire burned in the ASTM and ISO Methods Differ
test. There are two components to the
fuse correction in the 1271 Calorimeter: Current ASTM, ISO, and British
Standard Methods differ on their
1. The heat introduced by treatment of the nitric and sulfuric acid
heating the wire used to ignite thermochemical corrections. ASTM
the cotton thread. Methods call for titrating the bomb
washings to determine the total acid
2. The heat of combustion of the present.
cotton thread used to ignite the
sample. This is assumed to be all nitric acid with
a heat of combustion of _14.1 Kcal per
The permanent fuse wire is heated by mole. The amount of sulfur is then
dissipating an electrical charge from a determined and converted to
capacitor. Since this charge is controlled equivalents of sulfuric acid. The
by the size of the capacitor and the difference between the heat of formation
charging voltage, and because the of sulfuric acid (_72.2 Kcal per mole or
capacitor is fully discharged for each _36.1 calories per milliequivalent) and
test, the energy released can be nitric acid is then subtracted as the
calculated. In the 1271 Calorimeter this sulfur correction.
is a fixed correction of 10 calories per
test. Most other test methods treat nitric and
sulfuric acid corrections as entirely
Cotton has a heat of combustion of separate values instead of combined
4000 calories per gram. The actual values. This eliminates the requirement
thread being used should be weighed to for a total acid determination and
see how much is being burned. Ten permits the nitric acid correction to be
centimeters of a fine thread will weigh handled in a variety of ways, including
approximately 0.003 grams which would the assumption of a fixed nitric acid
release 12 calories as it burns. Heavier correction.
threads weigh up to 0.010 grams per 10
centimeters and increase this correction The 1271 Calorimeter can be set up to
to 40 calories per test. The finer the apply the acid correction by either the
thread, the smaller errors will be if the ASTM or ISO convention, as the user
thread is not exactly ten centimeters in prefers. Care must be used to ensure
length. Polyester thread is not the proper corrections are applied, and
recommended for use in the bomb the calculations made are consistent
because it has a tendency to melt and with the procedure used.
fall away from the heating wire before it
ignites. Note:
Please review the following section
Using the fine thread mentioned above, on Acid and Sulfur Corrections.
the fuse correction for the calorimeter Different standard test methods use
would be the 10 calories from electrical different values for the heat of
heating plus 12 calories from the formation of sulfuric acid. These
burning thread for a total of 22 calories differences are generally

B-2
Appendix B - Calculations

insignificant. The 1271 Calorimeter correction and the ignition thread

uses the most recent, published supplied by Parr.
values for all thermochemical data.
ACID and SULFUR Corrections.
Thermochemical Calculation
Details • Total acid is the amount of base
required to titrate the bomb
Traditionally, standard solutions and washings (milliliters).
procedures have been established to
simplify the calculations related to the • Nitric acid is that portion of the total
thermochemical corrections. acid in the bomb washings that
result when the nitrogen in the air
The 1271 Calorimeter has been that is trapped in the bomb is burned
programmed to permit the user to use at high pressure. Since this nitric
standard solutions and units which are acid does not result from the
most convenient, since the sample, and the combustion
microprocessor can easily apply any conditions are reasonably constant
conversion factors required. from test to test, the amount of nitric
acid formed is also constant.
FUSE Correction. The fuse correction
applied by the calorimeter is calculated • Acid multiplier is multiplied by the
as: user entered acid value to arrive at
the number of milliequivalents of
e3 = (fuse value)(fuse multiplier) acid. This value is normally the
= (entered value)(Page 5.7 concentration (normality) of the base
Line 5, ) in equivalents per liter (N).

“Fuse Value” is the number entered by • Percent sulfur is the concentration

the user and the value which appears in of sulfur in the sample (weight %).
the test report.
• Molecular weight of sulfur is 32.06.
Note:
Page 5.7 - Calculation Factors, Line • Equivalent weight of sulfur in
5 - Fuse Multiplier is normally set to H2SO4 is 16.03 (one half of the
1.0 so the entered value is in calories molecular weight).
(Press SKIP to add the fixed value).
• Heat of formation of nitric acid is
Users may find it convenient to enter a 14.1 calories/milliequivalent.
fixed value for the fuse correction and
avoid the need to determine this • Heat of formation of sulfuric acid
correction for each test. (from SO2) is 36.1
calories/milliequivalent.
Fixed fuse corrections can be entered
when Page 5 - Thermochemical • Sample mass is the mass of sample
Corrections, Line 1 or 4 is set to ON. By burned in the bomb (grams).
default a fixed fuse correction of 50
calories is applied to all tests. Total
• Sulfur multiplier is multiplied by the
errors of more than 5 calories will
product of the user entered sulfur
seldom occur when using a fixed fuse
value and the sample mass to arrive

B-3
at the number of milliequivalents of Example:
sulfuric acid in the bomb washings.
(Percent Sulfur) x (Sample Mass) x
10 = milligrams of sulfur (milligrams of
sulfur) / (equivalent wt. of S in H2SO4)
= milliequivalents of H2SO4 Sulfur
Multiplier is then 10 / equivalent wt. of
S in H2SO4 or10/16.03 = 0.6238

e1 is the nitric acid portion of the total

acid correction.

e2 is the sulfuric acid portion of the

total acid correction.

e1 + e2 is the total bomb acid correction.

Calculation for e1 when entered acid

value is total acid:

[((total acid) (acid mult))-(percent

sulfur) (sample mass) (sulfur mult) ]
(heat of formation of HNO3)

Total acid milliequivalents -

milliequivalents of H2SO4 =
milliequivalents of HNO3.

Page Line Setting Value

5 2 Off 13
3 Off 7
5 Off 13
6 Off 7
5.7 1 On
2 0.154
3 Off
4 0.1
6 On
7 -43.5

Table B-1
Settings for ISO & BSI Methods

B-4
Appendix B - Calculations

(milliequivalents of HNO3) (heat of

formation of HNO3) = heat (in calories) Please note that the values entered into
due to HNO3 produced. the test report appear as entered in the
report. Values for e1, e2 and e3 are
Calculation for e1 when entered acid calculated and used as energy
value is nitric acid only: corrections in accordance with the
formulas and settings given above. The
(nitric acid) (acid multiplier) (heat of formulas used above to arrive at e1 or e2
formation of HNO3). are not the same as the formulas used
for e1 and e2 which appear in most
Calculation of e2 when entered sulfur ASTM bomb calorimetric procedures.
value is % sulfur: However, the sum of e1 and e2, above,
is equal to the sum of the ASTM
e2 = (percent sulfur) (sample mass) treatment of e1 and e2.
(sulfur multiplier) (heat of
formation of H2SO4). ASTM Treatment for Acid and
Sulfur
Users may find it convenient to enter a
fixed value for the acid correction and In the ASTM treatment, the correction
avoid the need to determine this for acid formation assumes that all the
correction for each test. Use of a fixed acid titrated is nitric acid. Obviously, if
value for the acid correction is highly sulfur is present in the sample, which in
recommended. Fixed acid corrections turn produces sulfuric acid, part of the
can be entered when Page 5 - correction for the sulfuric acid formed is
Thermochemical Corrections, Line 2 or already included in the ASTM nitric acid
5 is set to ON. A correction of 10 correction (e1). This is adjusted by a
calories is a good number for the fixed separate computation based upon the
nitric acid value. For most work, it is sulfur content of the sample. An
recommended to set “Acid Value is additional correction of 1.37 Kcal must
Nitric Acid Only”, Page 5.7, Line 1 to be applied for each gram of sulfur
ON. Total errors of more than 3 calories converted to sulfuric from sulfur dioxide.
will seldom occur when using fixed nitric This is based upon the heat of formation
acid corrections. of sulfuric acid, from sulfur dioxide,
under bomb conditions, which is -72.2
Fixed sulfur corrections can be entered Kcal per mole or -36.1 calories per
if a series of samples contain a constant milliequivalent. But remember, a
amount of sulfur. Fixed sulfur correction of 14.1 calories per
corrections can be entered when Page 5 milliequivalent of sulfuric acid is already
- Thermochemical Corrections, Line 3 or included in the ASTM nitric acid
6 is set to ON and then enter percent correction (e1).
sulfur as indicated on this line. Any
errors will be proportional to the Therefore the additional correction
difference between the actual and which must be applied for sulfur will be
assumed value for sulfur. the difference between 36.1 and 14.1 or
22.0 calories per milliequivalent (44.0
For ordinary work where benzoic acid is Kcal per mole). For convenience, this is
used, or standardizing the calorimeter, expressed, in the ASTM e2 formula, as
the Fixed Sulfur Correction, Page 5, 13.7 calories (44.0/32.06) for each
Line 3 should be ON applying a fixed percentage point of sulfur per gram of
value of 0.0 to all standardization tests. sample.
Benzoic acid contains no sulfur.

B-5
ISO Calculations Spiking Samples

Both the ISO 1928 and BSI 1016: Part 5 It is sometimes necessary to add a
methods for testing the calorific value of spiking material to samples which are
coal and coke, deal with acid and sulfur very small, have a low heat of
corrections in a manner which is combustion, or have a high moisture
somewhat different than ASTM content to add sufficient heat to drive
procedures. Provision has been made in the combustion to completion. Benzoic
the 1271 Controller for dealing with acid is an excellent material for spiking
these different procedures. for all of the same reasons it is a good
standard material. White oil is also an
The analysis of bomb washings in these excellent material, particularly for liquid
methods call for a titration, first using samples. The 1271 Calorimeter can
O.1N barium hydroxide (V2) followed by automatically compensate for the
filtering, and a second titration using addition of spiking materials to these
0.1N HC1(V1) after 20 ml of a 0.1N samples. The calculations are modified
sodium carbonate has been added to in these cases as follows:
the filtrate. Table B-1 gives the settings
which allows the results of the two Hc = WT − e1 − e2 − e3 − (Hcs)(Ms)
titrations, V1 and V2, to be entered into m
the controller directly for the calculation
of the total acid correction. V1 should be where Hcs= Heat of combustion of
entered at the prompt for acid and V2 is the spiking material
entered at the prompt for sulfur. The
settings in Table B-1 assume that the Ms = Mass of spiking material
same procedure is carried out for both
standardization and determination. This factor is added to the calculations
when Page 2.3 - Spike Controls, Line 1 -
The offset value is the product of -1, the Use Spiking is set to ON. Line 2 - Heat
Heat of Formation of Nitric Acid, the acid of Combustion of Spike is entered as
multiplier, and the 20 mL of 0.1 N calories per gram. The controller will
sodium carbonate used in the analysis. prompt the user to enter the weight of
spiking material. Fixed spikes can be
The formula used to get the total used when Line 3 - Use Fixed Spike is
correction in calories is as follows: set to ON and entering the mass of the
spike on Line 4 - Weight of Fixed Spike.
• V1(Acid Multiplier)(Heat of Formation
of Nitric Acid)V2 (Sulfur Multiplier)
(Heat of Formation of Sulfuric
Acid)+offset value.

The values for fixed acid and sulfur,

which are used in preliminary reports,
will reflect a sulfur correction of 0, and a
nitric acid correction of 10 calories.

B-6
Appendix B - Calculations

Conversion to Other Moisture

Bases

The calculations described above give

the calorific value of the sample with
moisture as it existed when the sample
was weighed. For example, if an air-
dried coal sample was tested, the
results will be in terms of heat units per
weight of air-dry sample. This can be
converted to a moisture free or other
basis by determining the moisture
content of the air-dry sample and using
conversion formulae published in ASTM
Method D3180 and in other references
on fuel technology.

Conversion to Net Heat of

Combustion

The calorific value obtained in a bomb

calorimeter test represents the gross
heat of combustion for the sample. This
is the heat produced when the sample
burns, plus the heat given up when the
newly formed water vapor condenses
and cools to the temperature of the
bomb. In nearly all industrial operations,
this water vapor escapes as steam in
the flue gases and the latent heat of
vaporization, which it contains, is not
available for useful work. The net heat
of combustion obtained by subtracting
the latent heat from the gross calorific
value is therefore an important figure in
power plant calculations. If the
percentage of hydrogen H, in the
sample is known, the net heat of
combustion, Hnet Btu per pound can be
calculated as follows:

Hnet = 1.8Hc - 92.7H

(Solid fuels, ASTM D2015)
Hnet = 1.8Hc - 91.23H
(Liquid fuels, ASTM D240)

B-7
B-8
Appendix C - Standardization

Standardizing the Calorimeter e2= Correction for sulfur which is

usually 0.
The Energy Equivalent Factor. The term
“standardization”, as used here, denotes e3= Correction for heating wire and
the operation of the calorimeter on a combustion of cotton thread.
standard sample from which the energy
equivalent or effective heat capacity of Standard Materials
the system can be determined. The
energy equivalent, W or EE of the A bottle of 100 one-gram benzoic acid
calorimeter is the energy required to pellets (Part No. 3415) is furnished with
raise the temperature one degree, each calorimeter for standardizing
usually expressed as calories per purposes. The Parr benzoic acid has
degree Celsius. Standardization tests been calibrated against NIST benzoic
should be repeated after changing any acid. Additional benzoic acid pellets can
parts of the calorimeter, and be obtained from Parr. For very high
occasionally as a check on both the precision measurements, a primary
calorimeter and operating technique. standard benzoic acid powder can be
purchased from the National Institute of
Standardization Procedure. The Standards & Technology, Washington,
procedure for a standardization test is D.C.
exactly the same as for testing a fuel
sample. Use a pellet of calorific grade It is not common to have sulfur in
benzoic acid weighing not less than 0.9 standard materials, or to use spikes in
nor more than 1.25 grams. The standardizations, but the capabilities
corrected temperature rise, T, is have been included in this calorimeter.
determined from the observed test data
and the bomb washings are titrated to Users should take great care to ensure
determine the nitric acid correction. The that the conditions during
energy equivalent is computed by standardization runs and determinations
substituting the following equation: are as identical as possible.

Hm + e1 + e2 + e3 Automatic Statistical Calculations

W=
T The 1271 Calorimeter includes a
Where: provision for calculating and using a
mean energy equivalent for each of up
W= Energy equivalent of the to 4 separate bomb and bucket
calorimeter in calories per combinations. ASTM procedures
degree Celsius. recommend that the energy equivalent
be determined by averaging ten tests.
H= Heat of combustion of the The 1271 Calorimeter automatically
standard benzoic acid sample in determines and uses up to 10 tests in its
calories per gram. memory and will update the EE Value
as additional standardizations are run.
m= Mass of the standard benzoic Only Final Tests will be used in
acid sample in grams. determining and updating EE values.
These values, the number of tests, and
T= Temperature rise in °C. the relative standard deviation for the
tests used in determining the EE value
e1= Correction for heat of formation are stored on Pages 4.4 thru 4.7, Line 1
of nitric acid in calories. - EE Value The user can chose to turn

C-1
 CAUTION:

BENZOIC ACID MUST ALWAYS BE

COMPRESSED IN A PELLET BEFORE
IT IS BURNED IN AN OXYGEN BOMB
TO AVOID POSSIBLE DAMAGE FROM
RAPID COMBUSTION OF THE LOOSE
POWDER. THIS IS BEST
ACCOMPLISHED BY USING A PARR
2811 PELLET PRESS.

off the automatic averaging and

updating procedure and protect the EE
Values by turning ON the protection
feature for the appropriate bomb on
Pages 4.7 thru 4.0, Line 2 - Protected
EE Value.

Any outliers or other tests which should

not be included in the average EE Value
must be deleted from the memory using
the memory management procedures
(see Chapter 8). A list of all tests
associated with any Cal ID can be
printed from Page 4.7 - 4.0, Line 6 -
Print Standardization Runs.

The user can elect to have any number

of stored standardization runs used in
determining the EE value by entering
this number on Page 4 - Calibration
Data & Controls, Line 1 - Calibration
Run Limit. Line 2 - EE Max Std
Deviation on this same page establishes
the maximum allowable standard
deviation for the EE Value before an
error condition is reported. The default
value is zero and the ASTM limit is
.15%, but the user should enter a value
appropriate for the test being made.

C-2
 Appendix D - Communication Interfaces

The Parr Smart Link is designed to to the number of devices that can be
facilitate the connection and control of a connected and only a single connection
network of equipment which can include port is required for each device. The
the 1271 Calorimeter, 1261 Calorimeter, Smart Link is also capable of
1266 Calorimeter, 1351 Calorimeter, communicating with devices up to 1000
1356 Calorimeter, 1760 Sulfur Analyzer, meters away as opposed to the 50 foot
1720 or 1730 Calorimeter Controllers, restriction for RS232C lines.
1741 Balance Interfaces and 1750
Proximate Analyzers with attached Required Software Versions
analytical balances, 1745 Computer
Interface and/or the 1747 PC Smart Link Before proceeding with the installation
Board and associated computer, and of the 1271 Calorimeter on the Parr
1742 Sulfur Interface for automatically Smart Link, the user must ensure that all
entering and storing sulfur values. of his devices have the versions of
software capable of communicating over
Successful installation of the Smart Link the Smart Link and have been
network will depend upon all elements configured for the intended network (see
of the communications network (Smart Table D-1).
Link) being preset, properly configured
and connected. A step-by-step review of The version of software installed in a
the Smart Link communications network Parr device can be determined by
and the configuration requirements for performing the self-test procedure and
all devices installed on the Link is checking the printed or displayed
provided in this chapter (see Smart Link message. Users who do not have the
Configuration Checklist) to ensure that required software installed should
the system is properly addressed before contact the Technical Service
attempting to use it. Department at Parr Instrument
Company.
The Parr Smart Link is a combination of
the hardware (circuit board, connectors
and cables) used to interconnect these
devices and the software (programs)
required to identify the devices on the
network and control the bi-directional
transfer of data between these devices.
Inherent in the programs which are an
integral part of the Smart Link are the
protocols for sending and receiving
data, avoiding interference when the
network is busy and ensuring the
security and validity of the data.

In addition to the intelligent network

control feature of the Smart Link, there
are two additional important advantages
offered by the communications link
when compared with more conventional
direct coupling methods such as
multiple RS232C connectors. Since
devices can be connected in series (or
daisy-chained) there is no practical limit

D-1
 The second device within the category
Required Hardware must have its address set to one, and
the third set to two, etc.
This 1271 Calorimeter is fully equipped
for operation on the Smart Link. The All devices on the Smart Link are set, by
1760 Sulfur Analyzer, as well as 1720 default, to communicate at a rate of
and 1730 Controllers must have the 9600 baud. All devices on the Smart
optional 1722 Smart Link board installed Link must communicate at the same
to communicate on the Smart Link. The transmission speed.
1750 Proximate Analyzer and the 1741,
1742, 1745 and 1747 Interfaces include Smart Link Configuration
all of the required Smart Link hardware. Checklist
If a 1760 Sulfur Analyzer or 1720 or
1730 Controller will be used in the 1. Software versions verified for all
installation and the 1722 Board has not devices connected on the Smart
already been installed, it must be Link.
installed at this time.
2. Any devices which are not the only
Smart Link Configurations device within their category have
had their addresses changed to 1, 2
Each device on the Smart Link has or higher as needed.
several parameters associated with it
which help to: 1) identify the instrument 3. The two devices at the ends of the
and, 2) control the flow of information to Smart Link have had all levers of the
and from instruments on the link. terminator switches closed.
Termination switches are located on
Each category of device has its own the rear of the controller.
fixed identification which automatically
identifies it on the Smart Link. 4. All other devices, other than the
Addresses of individual instruments ones on the ends, have all levers of
within a class, such as calorimeter the terminator switches open.
controllers, must be changed from the
default setting only if more than one 5. All devices have been checked to
device in the same category is installed see that a transmission rate of 9600
on the link. baud has been set.

6. All devices on the Link have been

turned ON.
Device Software Version
1271 Calorimeter All
1261 Calorimeter 61.0 or Higher
1720 Controller 20.4S or Higher
1730 Controller 30.2S or Higher
1741 Balance Interface 41.3 or Higher
1745 Computer Interface 45.1S or Higher
1747 PC Interface 1.0 or Higher
1750 Proximate Analyzer 50.2 or Higher
1760 Sulfur Analyzer 60.1 or Higher

Table D-1
Software Required

D-2
Appendix D - Communication Interfaces

Smart Link Configuration Cabling The default parameters for the 1271
Calorimeter are set up for use with the
Smart Link devices, including the 1271 Parr 1756 Printer. Table D-3 identifies
Controller, can be connected using any and describes the pinout for the
of the cables listed in Table D-2. RS232C port.

Smart Link cables can be linked as Parr offers the A643E2 Connecting
extension cords. If a device is removed Cable for connections from the identified
from the link, the two cables should be RS232C port to devices located within
connected to maintain the continuity of five feet of the calorimeter. Users may
the link. All devices should be turned off have longer cables designed to match
before cables are connected or their devices and installations using
disconnected. these specifications. RS232C ports are
not designed for communicating over
RS232C Connection distances greater than 50 feet.

The 1271 Calorimeter is also equipped Terminal Port Connections

with an RS232C port for connection to
either a 40 or 80 column printer and/or a All report transmissions to a computer
computer (see Figure 2.8). Before must be initiated at the calorimeter
making either of these connections the controller.
data transmission rate of the calorimeter
and the printer or computer must be Run area data consists of 22 fields with
matched. Generally the baud rates on commas separating each field.
either device can be changed to achieve
this match. Printer Port Communications
for the 1271 Controller are on Page 8.2 -
Printer Port Communications, Lines 1-5.

Cable Cable Length

A597E4 10 Feet
A597E 25 Feet
A597E2 100 Feet
A597E3 Custom to 1000 Feet Maximum

D-3
 Direction
Pin No. Name ← ←→ →
1271 Terminal
1 Frame Ground ←→
2 Transmitted Data →
3 Received Data ←
4 Request to Send (RTS) →
5 Clear to Send (CTS) ←
6 Data Set Ready (DSR) ←
7 Signal Ground
←→
8 Data Carrier Detect
←
20 Data Terminal Ready
→
Connector: 25pin, D type, female

Table D-3
Terminal Port Specifications

Direction
Pin No. Name ← ←→ →
1271 Terminal
1 Frame Ground ←→
2 Received Data ←
3 Transmitted Data →
4 Clear to Send (CTS)* ←
5 Request to Send (RTS) →
6 Data Set Ready (DSR) ←
7 Signal Ground
←→
20 Clear to Send (CTS)
←
* Held at +12V (space or logic 0) while the 1271 is ON.
Connector: 25 pin, D type, female

Table D-4
Printer Port Specifications

D-4
 Appendix D - Communication Interfaces

Direction
Pin No. Name ← ←→ →
1271 Terminal
1 Frame Ground ←→
2 Received Data ←
3 Transmitted Data →
4 Clear to Send (CTS) ←
5 Request to Send (RTS) →
6 Data Terminal Ready →
7 Signal Ground
←→
20 Data Set Ready
←
Connector: 25 pin, D type, female

Shift 2 accesses the alternate menu so that reports can be sent direct to
null modem.

Table D-5
Balance Port Specifications

D-5
No. Field Comments
1 Mode 0=determination, 1=standardization
2 Method 0=equilibrium, 1=dynamic
3 Status 0=preliminary, 1=final
4 Units 0=MJ/Kg, 1=Btu/lb, 2=Cal/g, 3=J/Kg
5 Data Entered See table below
6 Date Date of run
7 Time Time of run
8 Channel Channel that this was run
9 Cal ID Calorimeter ID
10 Samp ID Sample ID number
11 Weight Sample weight
12 Starting Temp. Initial temperature
13 Jacket Temp. Jacket temperature
14 Delta Temp. Temperature rise
15 Fuse Fuse value
16 Acid Acid value
17 Sulfur Sulfur value
18 Energy Equivalent Heat capacity of calorimeter
19 Heat of Combustion H value
20 Net Heat Comb Net heat of combustion
21 Spike Weight Weight of spike material
22 Hydrogen Amount of hydrogen in sample

Table D-6
Calorimetry Run Storage Definitions

Description Bit Position

1 = Calorimetry completed f
1 = Initialized e
X = Unused d,c,b,a,9,8
1 = Hydrogen value entered 7
1 = Spike value entered 6
1 = Sulfur value entered 5
1 = Acid value entered 4
1 = Fuse value entered 3
1 = Cal ID entered 2
1 = Weight value entered 1
1 = Sample ID entered 0

Table D-7
Data Entered - Bit Definitions

D-6
Appendix E - Technical Service

Should you need assistance in the

operation or service of your instrument,
please contact the Technical Service
Department.

Telephone (309) 762-7716

1-800-872-7720
Fax (309) 762-9453

When calling, please make note of and

have available the following:

1. The serial # of the calorimeter

2. Date purchased.
3. Software Version
(Page 3, Line 3)
4. User Setup ID (Page 3, Line 4)
5. Factory Default Version (Page 3,
Line 5)
6. The number and type of any
Smart-Link peripherals and their
software revisions.

It is also helpful if the person calling is

close to the 1271 Calorimeter to
implement any changes recommended
by the Technical Service Department.

Return for Repair

To return the instrument for repair,

please call the Technical Service
Department for shipping instructions and
a RETURN AUTHORIZATION
NUMBER. This number must be clearly
shown on the outside of the shipping
carton or it will be refused. Ship repair
to:

Parr Instrument Company

Attn: Service Department
211- 53rd Street
Moline, Illinois 61265

E-1
E-2
Appendix F - Parts List

1271 Calorimeter Parts List

Item Description Item Description

A598DD3 Pressure Switch A860DD Motor
716DD Seal, Push Tube A862DD Thermistor
717DD Bearing, Roller A867DD Harness, 18 Pin
718DD Bearing, Bushing; Sealed A870DD Front Cover Assembly
720DD Bushing, Bottom Bracket 880DD Sensor, Hall Effect Switch
721DD Cylinder, 3/4 Bore SS 6" stroke A1059DD Loader Assembly
722DD Cylinder, 3/4 Bore SS 1" stroke 139E6 Fuse Fast/Act 1 AMP
724DD Sensor, Hall Effect Switch 139E14 Fuse Fast/Act .5 AMP
733DD Tube, Twist A597E4 Cable, 10 ft.
734DD Collar, Rotator A719E Cordset, 120V
736DD Bracket, Upper Rod A719EEE Cordset, 240V
741DD Bracket, 1" Cylinder A810DD Manifold Assembly
742DD Pin, Pivot 897E Capacitor, 40V
743DD Bushing, Rod End 908E Relay, Solid State
746DD Block, Door Slide 909E Power Switch, 16 AMP
749DD Pin, Arm Pivot 959E3 Fuse Fast/Act 4.0 AMP
752DD Cover, Seal A1130DD Ignition Lead Wires
764DD Drum, Door Spring; Delrin A1177E Harness, Ext. Tach
765DD Plate, Latch Mounting 1181E Connector, Fern Skt Tran
766DD Latch, Door 1263E Connector, 9 Pin D
768DD O-ring, Buna-N, 0.551 ID A1271E Circuit Board, Cal Driver
772DD Door, Calorimeter 1324E Switch Door Mini; Long Arm
A775DD Tray, Drip A1330E Cable Assy, 10 ft. Tank Link
776DD Standoff, Shield Cylinder 1341E Ignition Contact Strip
785DD Cylinder, 5/16 Bore SS 1/2" Stroke 1350E Power Supply
786DD Clevis, Rod 1352E Switch, Pressure 75 psi
788DD Cylinder, 5/16 Bore SS 3" Stroke 1380E Solenoid for 810D
789DD Spring, Door Balance 309VB Male Conn, 1/8T, Brass
796DD Disc, Splash 310VB Valve, Mini Needle, 1/8 NPTM
797DD Rod, Door Slide 311VB Fitting, Mini Hose 1/16 T
802DD Spacer, Nylon 0.252 ID 320VB Valve, 3 Way 1/4 Orifice
808DD Gaskets, 0.12 ID, Buna-N 321VB Valve, Water Handling Solenoid
809DD Plug, Screw 10-32 322VB Valve Oxygen, Solenoid
A810DD Manifold Assembly, Air SA1932FT08 FMHS, 10-32 x 1/2
828DD Pivot, Door Latch SB1332BT06 BHSCS, 6-32 x 3/8
835DD Drain Bracket TD2524SC06 Bolt SS, .25 Dia. X 3/8 L
857DD O-Ring Buna-N, .375 ID TD2524SC16 Bolt SS, .25 Dia. X 1" L
A8560D Pump SC1332SC02 6-32 x 1/8 SHSS Screw

F-1
 1271 Calorimeter Controller Parts List

Item Description
573DD Filter Fan Guard Assembly
614DD Guard, Wire
756DD Keyboard Overlay
A800DD Controller Assembly
A861DD Fan, 12 VDC
A999DD Display Board Package (includes *)
A719E Cordset, 120V
A719EEE Cordset, 240V
1264E Power Supply, Output Switching
A1266E Display, Graphic LCD Module*
A1267E Circuit Board, Display Driver
A1268E Circuit Board, Comm Fanout
A1269E Circuit Board, DIO
A1326E CPU Board, w / Eproms
A1386E Firmware, English (Set of 7 Eproms)
A1387E Firmware, German (Set of 7 Eproms)
1520E Battery, Lithium 3V
1668E Bulb

A570DD Oxygen Regulator Parts List

Item Description
189A2 Gage
A165VB2 Pressure Regulator (Go)
359VB Filter
A383VB Pressure Regulator (Concoa)
HX0012TB024 Tubing, Pressure 1/8" OD

F-2
Appendix F - Parts List

1271 Calorimeter Bucket Assembly Parts List

Item Description
A670DD Bucket Assembly
692DD Spacer, Mtr Mtg
694DD O-ring, Buna-N 0.301 ID
698DD Shaft, ISO Valve
699DD O-ring, Buna-N, 0.112 ID
703DD Coupling, Complete
809DD Screw Plug, 10-32
A856DD Pump Cover Assembly
859DD Coupling, Nylon Center Piece
1071DD Quad Ring, Buna-N 2.88 ID
1096DD Quad Ring, NBR
1096HC O-ring, Buna-N, 0.864 ID
309VB Male Connector, 1/8T x 1/8NPT
311VB Fitting, Mini Hose
314VB Fitting, Barbed 1/4 T ID
338VBAD Male Connector 1/8 T
SA1140FT06 FHMS, 4-40 x 3/8
SA1140RD04 RHMS, 4-40 x 1/4
SB1140BT04 BHSCS, 4-40 x 1/4
SC1140SC08 SHSS, 4-40 x 1/2
WB3118HX20 HHCS Nylon, 5/16 - 18 x 1-1/4

1271 Calorimeter Jacket Assembly Parts List

Item Description
694DD O-ring, Buna-N .301 ID
A702DD Top Plate Assembly, Jacket
A704DD Jacket Tube Assembly, Soldered
A707DD Plate Assembly, Cool Loop Rear
708DD Spacer, Jacket Mounting
A767DD Bottom Plate Assembly, Jkt
769DD Plate, Shield Mounting LH
798DD Pin, Shield Pivot
819DD Isolator, Contact Strip
825DD Plate, Shield Mounting RH
1341E Ignition Contact Strip
314VB Fitting Barbed 1/4T ID
SA1632RD04 RHMS, 8-32 x 1/4
SB1932BT04 BHSCS, 10-32 x 1/4
SC0948SC02 BHSCS, 3-48 x 1/8

F-3
 1131 Oxygen Bomb Parts List (Cylinder)

Parr Part No. Description

A640DD Oxygen Bomb Cylinder Assembly
646DD Ring
647DD Bracket
SA1332FP04 6-32 X 1/4 Flat HD PH
SC1332SC02 6-32 x 1/8 SHSS 18-8S
881DD Adapter
882DD O-Ring, Buna-N
888DD Oxygen Bomb Cylinder
642DD Nut
A852DD Oxygen Bomb Cylinder Assembly
519AJV O-ring, FKM
643DD Pin, Check Valve
644DD O-ring, Buna-N
A640DD Oxygen Bomb Cylinder Assembly
338VBAD Male Connector (with 712HC O-ring)

A851DD Oxygen Bomb Parts List (Head)

Item Description
650DD Bomb Head
651DD Electrode Straight
652DD Electrode, Loop
653DD Nut, Electrode
654DD Electrode Washer, Ceramic
655DD Electrode, Spacer
656DD Reducer Bushing
657DD Electrode Core
658DD Insulator, TFE
659DD O-ring, Buna-N, .145 ID
663DD Contact Bushing, Delrin
666DD Pin, Rotator
667DDJV Quad Ring, FKM, 1.484 ID
668DD Check Valve Head
821DD O-ring, Buna-N, .056 ID
840DD2 Heat Wire, 60" L
843DD Wire Holder
845DD Thread, Ignition (Spool), 563 yards
851DD Oxygen Bomb Head Assembly
PA0948RD04 RHMS, 3-48 x 1/4 T316SS
SN1632HX Hex Nut, 8-32

F-4
Appendix F - Parts List

1271 Calorimeter Accessories Parts List

Item Description
189A2 Oxygen Gage
189AP2BE Gage, 200 psi
43AS Capsule, SS
149C In-line Filter
231C2 Carboy, 10 Liter
263C Paper, Printer; 40 Column
264C Ribbon, Replacement 1756
266C Printer, Dot Matrix; 40 Column
A570DD Regulator Assembly, Oxygen
700DD Tool, O-ring Installation
811DD Lube/Sealant
A812DD Regulator, Nitrogen Assembly
841DD Photo-flo Solution (Pint)
840DD2 Heat Wire, 60" L
845DD Thread, Ignition (Spool)
876DD Tubing Cutter
877DD Wrench, 7/16"
878DD Wrench, 11/16"
883DD Handle, Sliding "T", 3/8 Drive
884DD Socket 9/16" Deep, 3/8 DRV 6 PT
885DD Socket, 3/4" Deep, 3/8 DRV 6 PT
A962E Cable, Printer
A996E Power Cable, Printer
372HC2 Wrench, 9/16"
TX09SK 3/32 Socket Screw Key
TX12SK 1/8 Socket Screw Key
A324VBAD Toggle Valve, Rinse Tank
3415 Benzoic Acid Pellets, 100 GR

F-5
 1271 Calorimeter Tubing & Connectors

Item Description
149C Filter
HX0062TB062 5/8" OD x 1/2" ID Bev-A-Line Tubing
JT0038TB062A 3/8" OD x 1/4" ID Nylon Tubing
HX0038TB062 3/8" OD x 1/4" Bev-A-Line Tubing
JU0038TB062A 3/8" OD x 1/4" ID Polyurethane Tubing
JU0012TB032 1/8" OD x 1/16" ID Polyurethane Tubing
JU0012TB032XH 1/8" OD x 1/16" ID Ribbon Tubing
X0012TB024 1/8" x .077 ID Nylon Tubing
181VB Insert Tubing, 5/8" OD, Brass
183VB Insert Tubing, 3/8" OD, T316SS
213VB Compression Nut, 1/8" OD, Brass
213VBAD Compression Nut, 1/8" OD, T316SS
214VB Ferrule Set, 1/8" OD, Brass
214VBAD Ferrule Set, 1/8" OD, Stainless
214VBHJ Ferrule Set, 1/8" OD, Nylon
217VB Compression Nut, 1/4" OD, Brass
218VB Ferrule Set, 1/4" OD, Brass
221VB Compression Nut, 3/8" OD, Brass
222VB Ferrule Set, 3/8" OD, Brass
225VB Compression Nut, 5/8" OD, Brass
226VB Ferrule Set, 5/8" OD, Brass

1271 Calorimeter Closed Water System

Item Description
A593DDEA Pump/Motor, 120V
A593DDEF Pump/Motor, 240V
A862DD Thermistor
A863DD Level Switch
A864DDEB Heater, 120V
A864DDEE Heater, 240V
A865DD Make-up Water Solenoid
A866DD Cold Water Solenoid
1351E Fuse, 10 AMP
172HW2 Receiver Cover Cap
187HW O-ring, Buna-N, 1.299 ID
A200HWEA Closed Water System Assembly, 120V
A200HWEF Closed Water System Assembly, 240V

F-6
Appendix F - Parts List

1279 Calorimeter Spare Parts Kit

Part No. Description

519AJV O-ring FKM .070 ID x .070 CS
643DD Pin, Check Valve
644DD O-ring Buna-N .741 ID x .103 CS
1071DD Quad Ring Buna-N 2.881 ID x .125 CS
651DD Electrode, Straight (1271)
652DD Electrode, Loop (1271)
653DD Nut, Electrode
654DD Electrode Washer, Ceramic
655DD Electrode Spacer
656DD Reducer Bushing
657DD Electrode Core
658DD Insulator, TFE
659DD O-ring Buna-N .145 ID x .070 CS
663DD Contact Bushing, Delrin
667DDJV Quad Ring FKM 1.609 ID x .139 CS
668DD Check Valve Head
712HC O-Ring Buna-N 5/16 ID x 1/16 CS
821DD O-Ring .056 ID x .060 CS Buna-N
840DD2 Fuse Wire, 60" L
843DD Holder, Wire
845DD Thread, Ignition; Spool
859DD Coupler Centerpiece, Nylon
882DD O-Ring Buna-N .487 ID x .102 CS
PA0948RD04 3-48 x 1/4 RHMS T316SS
SN0948HX 3-48 Hex Nut 18-8SS
1341E Contact Strip; Ignition
3415 Benzoic Acid Pellets

F-7
 Figure F-1
Pump & Motor Assembly

Note: The coupler should be "tight" when motor shaft is pushed in toward pump. Axial
play of 0.2 to 0.3 mm in motor must be preserved. Loosen set screws on motor side
coupler only to make adjustment.

F-8
Appendix F - Parts List

Figure F-2
Bomb Head Assembly

F-9
 Figure F-3
Pump Block Assembly

F-10
Appendix F - Parts List

Figure F-4
Oxygen Bomb Vessel Assembly

F-11
F-12
 PARR INSTRUMENT COMPANY

211 Fifty - Third Street

Moline, Illinois 61265 USA
309 / 762-7716 800 / 872-7720
Fax 309 / 762-9453

http://www.parrinst.com [email protected]

Printed in USA
9/5/06