What you should learn ++ Solve quadratic equations by factoring. + Solve quadratic equations by extracting square rots. + Solve quadratic equations by completing the square. + Use the quadratic Formula to solve quadratic equations. + Use quadratic equations to model and solve reatife problems. Why you should learn it ‘quadratic equations canbe used to rode! and sohe rea problems For instance, in Exercise 123 on page 119, ou wil use a quadratic equation to Inodel average amison prices for ‘Movie theaters from 2001 through 2008. Section 1.4 Quadratic Equations and Applications 107 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS Factoring A quadratic equation in x is an equation that can be written in the general form at + bet e=0 where a, 6, and care real numbers with a # 0. A quadratic equation in x is also called a second-degree polynomial equation in x. In this section, you will study four methods for solving quadratic equations: factoring, extracting square roots, completing the square, and the Quadratic Formula ‘The first method is based on the Zero-Factor Property from Section P.1 I ab= then a = Oo b = 0. “Zevo-Factor Property To use this property, write the left side of the general form of a quadratic equation as the product of two linear factors. Then find the solutions of the quadratic equation by setting each linear factor equal to zero. [Sample 1 Solving a Quadratic Equation by Factoring a 2x2 + OXF THB Orginal equation 2x + ONE A= 0 Wite in general form. (2x + 1+ 4)=0 Facto ext 1=0 Set Ist factor equal 00 xt4=0 Set 2nd factor equal tO. ‘The solutions are x = —} and x = —4, Check these in the original equation. b. 6x2 -3x=0 Original equation 3x(2x— 1) =0 Factor. 3x=0 E> 0 Set Ist factor equal to 0. a 1 ze-1=0 E> x=5 Set 2 factor equal 0 ‘The solutions are x = 0 and x = 4. Check these in the original equation. (mPoMt> Now try Exercise 15. 1 Be sure you see that the Zero-Factor Property works only for equations written in general form (in which the right side of the equation is zero). So, all terms must be collected on one side before factoring, For instance, in the equation (x — 5)(x + 2) = 8, It is incorrectto set each factor equal to 8. To solve this equation, you must multiply the binomials on the left side of the equation, and then subtract 8 from each side. After simplifying the left side of the equation, you can use the Zero-Factor Property to solve the equation. Try to solve this equation correctly.108 Chapter 1 Equations, Inequalities, and Mathematical Modeling TECHNOLOGY: You can use a graphing utility ‘to check graphically the real solutions of a quadratic equation. Begin by writing the ‘equation in general form. Then set y equal to the left side and graph the resulting equation, ‘The x-intercepts of the equation represent the real solutions of the original equation. You can use the zero or root feature of a ‘graphing utility to approximate the x-intercepts of the graph. For example, to check the solutions of 6x? — 3x graph y = 6x? — 3x, and use the zero or root feature to approximate the x-intercepts to be (0, 0) and (3, 0), as shown. below. These x-intercepts repre- sent the solutions x = 0 and = J, as found in Example 1(0). Extracting Square Roots ‘There is a nice shortcut for solving quadratic equations of the form u? = d, where d > Oand wis an algebraic expression. By factoring, you can see that this equation has. ‘Wo solutions. d We rig! eqetion w-d=0 ‘Write in general form. (u+ Valu Ja) =0 Factor ut+Jd=0 DD iu va ‘Set Ist factor equal to 0. u-Jd=0 > u=Va Set dd factor equal to 0. Because the two solutions differ only in sign, you can write the solutions together, using, a “plus or minus sign,” as u=4Ja ‘This form of the solution is read as “u is equal to plus or minus the square root of d.” Solving an equation of the form u? = dwithout going through the steps of factoring is called extracting square roots. Extracting Square Roots ‘The equation u? = d, where d > 0, has exactly two solutions: u=Jd and va. ‘These solutions can also be written as u=4Ja. [Sample 2 Extracting Square Roots Solve each equation by extracting square roots. aa=12 0 b (x32 =7 Solution Write original equation. =3 Divide each side by 4 xa 4/3 Extract square roots. When you take the square root of a variable expression, you must account for both positive and negative solutions. So, the solutions are x = ./3 and x = — \/3. Check these in the original equation. bv 3h s7 ‘Wel orginal equation. -3=8V7 nrc square roots x34 V7 ‘Add 3 to cach side, ‘The solutions are x= 3 + /7. Check these in the original equation. (HUENPBIAt)) Now try Exercise 33. 1Section 1.4 Quadratic Equations and Applications = 109 Completing the Square The equation in Example 2(b) was given in the form (x ~ 3)* = 7 so that you could find the solution by extracting square roots. Suppose, however, that the equation had been given in the general form x? ~ 6x + 2 = 0. Because this equation Is equivalent to the original, it has the same two solutions, x = 3+ \/7. However, the left side of the equation is not factorable, and you cannot find its solutions unless you rewrite the equation by completing the square. Note that when you complete the square to solve a quadratic equation, you are just rewriting the equation so it can be solved by extracting square roots Completing the Square ‘To complete the square for the expression x? + bx, add (/2)®, which is the square of half the coefficient of x. Consequently, wsme(Q) (oof [Semple 3 Completing the Square: Leading Coefficient 1s 1 Solve x2 + 2x ~ 6 = 0 by completing the square. Solution e+ 2v-6=0 Wk orignal equation et av=6 [Add 6 to each side tant P=641e Ado each side. cal (e+ IP =7 ‘Simplify. xtistJ? ‘Take mpar oo of eck ad xs-1e V7 Surat 1 fom ach side The solutions are x = —1 + V7. Check these in the original equation as follows. Check e+ 2x-6 (-1+ Vi + a(-1+ vi)-6 ~avi-a+ev7—62 8-2-6=0 Solution checks. 7 Substitute 1 + V7 for x Maltiply Check the second solution in the original equation, (SEE) Now try Exercise 41 1 When solving quadratic equations by completing the square, you must add (b/2)? to each side in order to maintain equality. Ifthe leading coefficient is not 1, you must divide each side of the equation by the leacing coefficient before completing the square, as shown in Example 4.110 Chapter. Equations, Inequalities, and Mathematical Modeling. [Sample Completing the Square: Leading Coefficient Is Not 1 Solve 21% + 8x + 3 = O by completing the square. Solution 2x + Ox + 3=0 2x + 8x= -3 3 +ax=-3 Maes 5 eae t 2 Lt (batt of 47 3 34x Bt (w+ 2Ve= Algelya rtena/8 J Write original equation Subtract $ from each side. Divide each side by 2 Add 22 to each sie, Simply ‘Take square rot of each side. Rationalize denominator, Subtract 2 from each side. ‘The solutions are x= —2 ao Check these in the original equation. EEE) Now try Exercise 43. [eamptes 3x —4v-5=0 ae Hl fj 5 5 3 5 3 (SIEEWwInt)> Now try Exercise 47. Completing the Square: Leading Coefficient Is Not 1 Original equation ‘Ad 5 10 each side, Divide each side by 3, ‘Add (—3)° to each side. Simplity Perfect square tino naract square roots SolutionsSection 1.4 Quadratic Equations and Applications m1 The Quadratic Formula Often in mathematics you are taught the long way of solving a problem first. Then, the longer method is used to develop shorter techniques. The long way stresses understanding and the short way stresses efficiency. For instance, you can think of completing the square as a “long way" of solving a quadratic equation. When you use completing the square to solve quadratic equations, ‘you must complete the square for each equation separately. In the following derivation, ‘you complete the square once in a general setting to obtain the Quadratic Formula— a shortcut for solving quadratic equations. ae + bet e=0 Wien general frm, a #0 at + br=—e Salac om each sie. b e ¥ tote 3 Divide each side by a. bd by ce by + ene (PY =-£4 (2 ample the sone estes) --5+ (2) Crm (rrr (+2) -4o s 2a 1 a +2as 5 rede strat square rots 6 Solutions -s 2a Note that because +2| al represents the same numbers as 2a, you can omit the absolute value sign. So, the formula simplifies to =b+ JP tac 2a The Quadratic Formula The solutions of @ quadratic equation in the general form Study Tp Th ‘You can solve every quadratic ‘equation by completing the axvitbxtc=0, a#0 ‘square or using the Quadratic Formula. are given by the Quadratic Formula rb VPM tac ta ‘The Quadratic Formula is one of the most important formulas in algebra. You should learn the verbal statement of the Quadratic Formula: “Negative b, plus or minus the square root of bsquared minus 4ac, all divided by 2a"2 Chapter 1 Equations, Inequalities, and Mathematical Modeling In the Quadratic Formula, the quantity under the radical sign, 6? ~ 4ac, is called the discriminant of the quadratic expression ax? + by + c.Itcan be used to determine the nature of the solutions of a quadratic equation, Solutions of a Quadratic Equation ‘The solutions of a quactratic equation ax? + bx + c= 0, a # 0, can be classified as follows. If the discriminant 6 ~ 4acis |. positive, then the quadratic equation has ‘wo distinct real solutions and its agraph has two x-intercepts. . zero, then the quadratic equation has one repeated real solution and its graph has one x-intercept. . negative, then the quadratic equation has no real solutions and its graph has no intercepts, If the discriminant of a quadratic equation is negative, as in case 3 above, then its square root is Imaginary (not a real number) and the Quadratic Formula yields two ‘complex solutions. You will study complex solutions in Section 1.5, ‘When using the Quadratic Formula, remember that before the formula can be applied, you must first write the quadratic equation in general form, [bomple6 The Quadratic Formula: Two Distinct Solutions Use the Quadratic Formula to solve x? + 3x = 9. Solution The general form of the equation is x +3x—9=0. The discriminant is B — dac = 9 + 36 = 45, which is positive. So, the equation has two real solutions. ‘You can solve the equation as follows. xt +3x-9=0 ‘Woe in genera form. —b+ JP ~4ac =e VEO hae unt Formaa 2a 3 + VBP = EF 9) ‘Substitute a= 1, b= 3, 2) ande= ~9. x ae Simplify W338 2 ‘Simplify. ‘The two solutions are: Las pe TBE yg 2 Check these in the original equation [ELEM Now try Exercise 81 1Section 14 Quadratic Equations and Applications 113 Applications Quadratic equations often occur in problems dealing with area. Here is a simple example. “A square room has an area of 144 square feet. Find the dimensions of the room.” To solve this problem, let x represent the length of each side of the room. Then, by solving the equation 2 = 144 you can conclude that each side of the room is 12 feet long. Note that although the equation x? = 144 has two solutions, x= —12 and x = 12, the negative solution does not make sense in the context of the problem, so you choose the positive solution [Semple 7 Finding the Dimensions of a Room A bedroom is 3 feet longer than it is wide (see Figure 1.20) and has an area of 154 square feet. Find the dimensions of the room. fo | | Lo 3 FcuRe 1.20 Solution Verbal Width, Length _ Area Model: of room " of room ~ of room. Labels: Width of room = w (feet) Length of room = w+ 3 (feet) Area of room = 154 (square feet) Equation: w(w + 3) = 154 w+ 3w— 154 =0 11)(w + 14) = 0 w-1=0 > w= w+i4=0 D> w=-u Choosing the positive value, you find that the width is 11 feet and the tength is w+ 8, or 14 feet. You can check this solution by observing that the length is 3 feet longer than the width and that the product of the length and width is 154 square feet. (SaPeMIA)> Now try Exercise 113. 1 (w114 Chapter Equations, inequalities, and Mathematical Modeling Figure 1.21 Stuy Tp ‘The position equation used in ‘Example 8 ignores air resistance. This implies tha it is appropriate to use the position equation only to model falling objects that have little air resistance and that fall over short distances. Another common application of quadratic equations involves an object that is falling, (or projected into the air). The general equation that gives the height of such an object is called a position equation, and on Earth’s surface it has the form, s= 16 + wets. In this equation, s represents the height of the abject (in feet), vp represents the initial velocity of the object (in feet per second), s) represents the initial height of the object (in feet), and ¢ represents the time (in seconds) I Example 8 — Falling Time A construction worker on the 24th floor of a building project (see Figure 1.21) accidentally drops a wrench and yells “Look out below!" Could a person at ground level hear this warning in time to get out of the way? (Wore: The speed of sound is about 1100 feet per second.) Solution Assume that each floor of the building is 10 feet high, so that the wrench is dropped from a height of 235 feet (the construction worker's hand is 5 feet below the ceiling of the 24th floor), Because sound travels at about 1100 feet per second, it follows that a person at ground level hears the warning within 1 second of the time the wrench is, dropped. To set up a mathematical model for the height of the wrench, use the position equation =-160 $= 16 + wet sy Because the object is dropped rather than thrown, the initial velocity is v, = 0 feet per second, Moreover, because the initial height is 5) = 235 feet, you have the following, ‘model $= — 1602 + (0)r + 235 = — 16" + 235 ‘After the wrench has fallen for 1 second, its height is 16(1)? + 235 = 219 feet. After the wrench has fallen for 2 seconds, its height is ~16(2)® + 235 = 171 feet. To find the number of seconds it takes the wrench to hit the ground, let the height sbe zero and solve the equation for & 160 + 235 ‘Write position equation, 0 = - 160 + 235 ‘Substitute 0 for height. 16¢? = 235, Add 167 to each side, en 28 Dh te by 18 16 es xe pote guru 1 i= ass Ube cal ‘The wrench will take about 3.83 seconds to hit the ground. If the person hears the ‘warning 1 second after the wrench is dropped, the person still has almost 3 seconds to get out of the way. (SAE PaMA> Now try Exercise 119. 1Section 1.4 Quadratic Equations and Applications m5 A third type of application of a quadratic equation is one in which a quantity is changing over time taccording to a quadratic model, | Bample 9 — Quadratic Modeling: Internet Users From 2000 through 2008, the estimated numbers of Internet users / (in millions) in the United States can be modeled by the quadratic equation T= 14862 + 234504 1229, O58 ‘where ¢represents the year, with ¢ = 0 corresponding to 2000. According to this model, in which year did the number of Internet users reach or surpass 200 million? (Source: International Telecommunication Union/The Nielsen Company) Algebraic Solution Numerical Solution ‘To find the year in which the number of Internet users reached | You can estimate the year in which the number of Internet 200 million, you can solve the equation users reached or surpassed 200 million by constructing a table of values. The table below shows the number of Siaaee sda a2 = 0. Internet users for each year from 2000 through 2008. ‘To begin, write the equation in general form. 1Ad6e + 23.45¢— 77.1 = 0 Year [t] 7 ‘Then apply the Quadratic Formula 2000 | 0 | 122.9 ab JP = fac zoo | 1 | 1449 ea zo0z | 2 | 164.0 = 23.45 + /2.A5 = [1G 77.1) 7003 3 | 1802 21.446) zooa | 4 | 1936 = 23.45 + /103.96 2.892 200s | 5 | 2040 Daseis 2006 | 6 | 211.5 Choose the smaller value ¢ ~ 4.6. Because ¢ = 0 corresponds 2007 | 7 | 216.2 {0 2000, it follows that 1 4.6 must correspond to 2004. So, 2008 | 8 | 218.0 ‘the number of Internet users should have reached 200 million during the year 2004. From the table, you can see that sometime during 2004 the ‘number of Internet users reached 200 million. [EENPBIM> Now try Exercise 123 1 TECHNOLOGY, ‘You can also use a graphical approach to solve Example 9. Use a graphing utility to graph yy= —1ad6e + 23.45¢ + 1229 andy, = 200 the same viewing window. Then use the intersect feature to find the point(s) of intersection of the two graphs. You should obtain t ~ 4.6, which verifies the answer obtained algebraically.116 chapter 1 Equations inequalities, and Mathematical Modeling ‘A fourth type of application that often involves a quadratic equation is one dealing with the hypotenuse of a right triangle. In these types of applications, the Pythagorean ‘Theorem is often used. The Pythagorean Theorem states that P+ Rae Pynagrean Theorem where a and b are the legs of a right triangle and cis the hypotenuse. [Semple 10 An Application involving the Pythagorean Theorem ‘An L-shaped sidewalk from the athletic center to the library on a college campus is shown in Figure 1.22, The sidewalk was constructed so that the length of one sidewalk forming the L was twice as long as the other. The length of the diagonal sidewalk that cuts across the grounds between the two buildings is 32 feet. How many feet does a person save by walking on the diagonal sidewalk? Solution Using the Pythagorean Theorem, you have the following, 28+ (2x? = 32? Pythagorean Theorem 5x? = 1024 Combine tke tems cone 1.22 2048 Divide each side by 5 x= 4V20EB Toke the square roo ofeach sie = J20EB Exec postive square roa The total distance covered by walking on the L-shaped sidewalk is xt av= 3x = 3/2048 ~ 42.9 feet. Walking on the diagonal sidewalk saves a person about 42.9 ~ 32 [EILESLPoMe> Now try Exercise 125. 1 Comparing Solution Methods In this section, you studied four algebraic methods for solving quadratic equations. Solve each of the quadratic equations below in several different ways. Write a short paragraph explaining which method( you prefer. Does your preferred method depend on the equation? ax? 4-5 =0 b= ax oe 350 d= 6= 1.4 — EXERCISES VOCABULARY: Fill in the blanks. LA in xis an equation that can be written in the general form ax? + bx + © where a, b, and care real numbers with a + 0. 2, A quadratic equation in x is also called a equation in x, 3. Four methods that can be used to solve a quadratic equation are __. extracting : the »and the 4, The part of the Quadratic Formula, &? — 4ac, known as the . determines the type of solutions of a quadratic equation, 5. The general equation that gives the height of an object that is falling is called a 6. An important theorem that is sometimes used in applications that require solving quadratic equations is the SKILLS AND APPLICATIONS In Exercises 7-12, write the quadratic equation in general 45. 7 + 2x - 2 =0 46.2 bx -1 form. AT. 2x? + 5x8 48. 3x2 —4x-7=0 7. bx? = 3 - 5x 8. x? = 16x 9. 3 =3 10. 13 — ax + 77 =0 In Exercises 49-56, rewrite the quadratic portion of the er - . ” algebraic expression as the sum or difference of two squares M1 Y@x?= 10) = 12x aH 2) SPH byrcompletng the square In Exercises 1324, solve the quadratic equation by factoring. 4g 1 50. 1 13, 6x? + ax=0 4 ox%-1=0 wees woes ee 16. x? — 10x + 9= i. > 82. SST Pra 4 xe 17. x? + 10x + 25 18, 4x? + 1ax+9=0 an : B99 a8 20, 23? = 19x + 33 St. a ae Ge ee Lat d= : 23. $x2 + Bx + 20= 56, 16 — 6x— In Exercises 25-38, solve the equation by extracting Square > GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS In Exercises 57-64, (a) use a Ld graphing utility to graph the equation, (b) use the graph to 25, x2 = 49 26, x? = 144 approximate any x-intercepts of the graph, (c) set y = 0 and area 11 28, x2 =32 solve the resulting equation, and (d) compare the result of 29. 3x2 = 81 30, ax2 = 36 part (Q with the x-intercepts of the graph. 31. (x— 12 = 16 32. (x— 5)? = 25 x + 3)? — 4 88. y=(x— 4)? -1 33. (x + 2)? = 14 34. (x + 9)? = 24 59. y= 1 (x~ 2 60. y= 9 — (x 8)? 35. (2x - 1)? = 18 36. (4x + 7)? = 44 OL y= —ave tae + 3 62 y= 4x1 37. (x— 72 =(x+3)2 38. (w+ 5)? = (x + 4)? 63. y= x? + 3-4 4 y= x — Sx 24 In Exercises 39-48, solve the quadratic equation by In Exercises 65-72, use the discriminant to determine the completing the square. number of real solutions of the quadratic equation. 39.24 4x-32=0 40. x? 2-3 =0 65. 2x? — 5x45 = 66. 5x2 — ax +1 = 41 e+ 6x +2 42.2 + 8x+ 14 67. 2x? — x-1=0 68. at A= 0 43, 9x? — 18x= -3 44. at - a= 69. Gx? — Sx + 25 TA. 0.2x* + 12x — 70. 4x2 — 8v + 28=0 0 194 24x~8a%=0118 Chapter 1 Equations, Inequalities, and Mathematical Modeling. In Exercises 73-96, use the Quadratic Formula to solve the ‘equation. 73. 2x27 +x-1=0 -1=0 75. 16x? +8x-3=0 76, 25x? 20x+3 11. 2+ 2x-s2=0 78. x2 — 10x + 22=0 79. x° + 12x + 16 80. 4y= 8 ~ x* 81. x? + 8x-4=0 82, 2x? 3x—-4=0 83. 12x — 9x2 = —3 84, 9x2 — 37 = 6x 85.9 + 30x + 25=0 86 36x? + 24x 7=0 87. 4x2 + Ae = 88, 16x? — 40x + 5 =0 89, 28x — 4917 = 4 9. ax+x7-1=0 91, B= 5 + 28 92, 25/7 + 80h + 61 93. (y— 5)% = 2y 94. (2+ 6) = ~22 95. pa? + Bx 96. (5x ~ 14)" = 8x In Exercises 97104, use the Quadratic Formula to solve the equation. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) 101. 102. 103, 104, 97. 98, 99. 00. . Slx? — L.Tx-3.2=0 |. 2x® — 2.50" — 042 = 0 = 0.067%? ~ 0.852% + 1.277 ). =0,005x2 + 0.101x ~ 0.193 422x° — 506x — 347 = 0 11003? + 326x ~ 715 = 0 12.67x? + 31.55x + 8.09 = 0 = 3.22% — 0.08x + 28.651 = 0 Exercises 105-112, solve the equation using any convenient method. 105. 107, 109. m4, 113. xP 2x10 106. 11x? + 33x = 0 (x +3) = 81 108. — 14y+ 49=0 ae (x + 1) FLOOR SPACE The floor of a one-story building is 14 feet longer than its wide (see figure). The building has 1632 square feet of floor space. | | — w+ (@) Write a quadratic equation for the area of the Floor in terms of (b) Find the length and width of the floor. ua. 115. 16. uu. 11s. DIMENSIONS OF A GARDEN A gardener has 100 meters of fencing to enclose two adjacent rectangular gardens (see figure). The gardener wants the enclosed area to be 350 square meters. What dimensions should the gardener use to obtain this area? PACKAGING An open box with a square base (see figure) is to be constructed from 108 square inches of material. The height of the box is 3 inches. What are the dimensions of the box? (Hint: The surface area is S= x + 4xh) PACKAGING An open gift box is to be made from a squate piece of material by cutting four-centimeter squares from the comers and turning up the sides (see figure). The volume of the finished box is to be 576 cubic centimeters, Find the size of the original piece of material. fom tem a) “ef y { sem semble oO MOWING THE LAWN ‘Wo landscapers must mow a rectangular lawn that measures 100 feet by 200 feet. Each wants to mow no more than half of the lawn. The first starts by mowing around the outside of the lawn. The mower has a 24-inch cut. How wide a strip must the first landscaper mow on each of the four sides in order to mow no more than half of the lawn? Approximate the required number of trips around the lawn the first landscaper must take SEATING A rectangular classroom seats 72 students. If the seats were rearranged with three more seats in each row, the classroom would have two fewer rows. Find the original number of seats in each row.Section 1.4 Quadratic Equations and Applications In Exercises 119-122, use the position equation given in Example 8 as the model for the problem. 119. MILITARY A C-141 Starlifter flying at 25,000 feet ‘over level terrain drops a 500-pound supply package (@) How long will it take until the supply package strikes the ground? (b) The plane is flying at 500 miles per hour. How far will the supply package travel horizontally during, its descent? EIFFEL TOWER You drop a coin from the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The building has a height of 984 feet. (a) Use the position equation to write a mathematical ‘model for the height of the coin. (b) Find the height of the coin after 4 seconds. (©) How long will it take before the coin strikes the ground? 121. SPORTS Some Major League Baseball pitchers can throw a fastball at speeds of up to and over 100 miles per hour. Assume a Major League Baseball pitcher throws a baseball straight up into the air at 100 miles per hour from a height of 6 feet 3 inches, {@) Use the position equation to write a mathematical model for the height of the baseball. (b) Find the height of the baseball after 3 seconds, 4 seconds, and 5 seconds, What must have occurred sometime in the interval 3 = t= 5? Explain, (©) How many seconds is the baseball in the air? 122, CN TOWER At 1815 feet tall, the CN Tower in ‘Toronto, Ontario is the world’s tallest self-supporting structure. An object is dropped from the top of the tower. (@) Use the position equation to write a mathematical ‘model for the height of the object. (0) Complete the table. 120. Time, [0/2] 4]6]8| 10] 12 Height, 5 (@) From the table in part (b), determine the time interval during which the object reaches the ground, Numerically approximate the time it takes the object to reach the ground, (@) Find the time it takes the object to reach the ground algebraically. How close was your numer- ical approximation? AE (¢) Use a graphing utility with the appropriate viewing ‘window to verify your answer(s) to parts (°) and (4) 123. DATA ANALYSIS: MOVIE TICKETS The average admission prices P for movie theaters from 2001 through 2008 can be approximated by the model P= 0.003% + 0.119 + 5.55, 1<6<8 where f represents the year, with ¢= 1 corresponding to 2001. (Source: Motion Picture Association of, America, Inc.) (a) Use the model to complete the table to determine when the average admission price reached or surpassed $6.50. r clilz[sla[sjel7|s E2 (b) Verify your result from part (a) algebraically. (©) Use the model to predict the average admission price for movie theaters in 2014. Is this prediction reasonable? How does this value compare with the admission price where you live? 124, DATA ANALYSIS: MEDIAN INCOME The median incomes I (in dollars) of U.S. households from 2000 through 2007 can be approximated by the model T= 18765¢ — 119.16 + 42.013, OS ¢S7 where t represents the year, with f= 0 corresponding to 2000. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau) AS (a) Use a graphing utility to graph the model. Then uuse the graph to determine in which year the ‘median income reached or surpassed $45,000. (b) Verify your result from part (a) algebraically. (©) Use the model to predict the median incomes of U.S. households in 2014 and 2018. Can this model be used to predict the median income of U.S. households after 2007? Before 2000? Explain. 125. BOATING A winch is used to tow a boat to a dock ‘The rope is attached to the boat at a point 15 feet below the level of the winch (see figure). LES (@) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to write an equation giving the relationship between fand 2. (b) Find the distance from the boat to the dock when there is 75 feet of rope out.