Human Behavior-Lesson (Chapter 1 To 4)
Human Behavior-Lesson (Chapter 1 To 4)
Organizational Behavior studies the factor that effect and influence individual
and group behavior in organizations. It provides a set of tools, theories, and concepts
to understand, analyze, and manage behavior in organizations. The study of
organizational behavior can improve and change individual, group, or organizational
behavior to attain individual, group or organizational goals.
In today 's business world, managers have to become more sensitive to a lot of
factors. In order to know how to handle a new workforce, and deal with the
complications of the dynamic environment, managers need to be well-informed about
attitudes and behavior of an individual and group in organization. Managers have to
find ways to motivate employees to align their goals with the organization's goals.
A manager's job is to use the tools of organizational behavior to increase
effectiveness in achieving its goals.
Organizational behavior also involves the study of what people think and feel
within the organization. This understanding of the mechanics of organizations will help
in predicting and influencing the behavior of others in organizational settings.
Organizational behavior is concerned with employee behavior related to work, attitude
and human performance. The organization's base hinges on management philosophy,
values, vision, and goals. These drive the organizational culture which is composed of
the formal organization, informal organization and the social environments. The culture
determines the type of leadership, communication, and group dynamics within the
organization. The workers perceive this is as the quality of work life, which directs their
degree of motivation. The final outcomes are performance, individual satisfaction,
personal growth, and development. All these elements combine to build the model or
framework that the organization operates from. Learning how to apply these concept,
theories, and techniques to improve behavior in organizations is primary goal of our
class.
* 7 Factors affecting Human Behavior:
1. Generics
2. Attitude
3. Abilities and Skills
4. Core Faith
5. Perception
6. Social Norms
7. Survival Instinct
* 3 Components of Attitudes:
1. Affective
2. Conative
3. Cognitive
* 3 Factors Responsible for Attitude Formation:
1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning (Instrumental Conditioning)
3. Social Learning
* 7 Functions of the self-according to Allport:
1. Sense of Body
2. Self-Identity
3. Self-esteem
4. Self-extension
5. Self-image
6. Rational coping
7. Appropriate striving
* 3 Steps of Self-Regulation:
1. Self-observation
2. Judgment
3. Self-response
* 4 Kinds of motivation:
1. Biological motivation
2. Social Motivation
3. Personal Motivation
4. Higher motivation
* 4 Factors that Influence the Impact of Emotion:
1. Message of source features
2. Attitude accessibility
3. Issue Involvement
4. Personality
* 4 basic ways or functions according to Jung:
1. Sensing
2. Thinking
3. Intuiting
4. Feeling
CHAPTER 2: GROUP BEHAVIOR
A group is a collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent
interaction, possess common mutual influence and a feeling of camaraderie, who work
together to achieve a common set of goals.
2 types of groups:
a. Formal groups
b. Informal groups
*ADVANTAGES OF GROUP:
1. Lighten work load on management
2. Encourage Cooperation
3. Give Satisfaction and Stability to work groups
*DISADVANTAGES OF GROUP:
1. Encourage negative attitudes
2. Resist change
3. Lead to interpersonal and intergroup conflict
4. Weaken motivation and satisfaction
5. Operate outside of management's control
2 TYPES OF LEADERSHIP ROLE:
1. Task Leadership Role
a. Define a problem or goal for the group to accomplish.
b. Request facts, information, ideas, or opinions from members, while
also providing facts, information, ideas, or opinions.
c. Classify situations that are unclear and give some examples for further
clarification.
d. Summarize whether agreement has been reached on social roles.
2. Social Leadership Role
a. Encourage members to participate in the discussion and to recognize and
support their contributions.
b. Facilitate participation of all members and evaluate the group
effectiveness.
c. Provide enthusiasm and sense the mood of the group, and help members
become aware of it.
d. Reduce any conflict and tension and reconcile disagreement
BRAINSTORMING is a problem conference technique for encouraging creative thinking
in a group. It is an unrestrained participation in discussion of developing new ideas and
helping solve problems.
TYPES OF BRAINSTORMING:
1. Group Passing Technique
2. Team Idea Mapping Method
3. Electronic Brainstorming
4. Directed Brainstorming
5. Guided Brainstorming
6. Nominal Group Technique
7. Delphi Method
TEAM comprises a group of people linked by a common purpose. Team conduct tasks
that are high in complexity and have many interdependent subtasks.
Factors that Determine Team Effectiveness:
1. Right mix of skills
2. Right motivation
3. Ability to solve conflicts
CAUSES OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT:
1. Personality Differences
2. Perceptions
3. Clashes of Values and Interest
4. Competition
5. Power and Status Differences
6. Scarce Resources
7. Stereotype Behavior
8. Exploitation
APPROACHES IN RESOLVING CONFLICTS:
1. Dominating (win-lose)
2. Accommodating(lose-win)
3. Avoiding (lose-lose)
4. Problem-Solving(win-win)
5. Smoothing (Compromising)
6. Authoritative Command
7. Changing Certain Variables in the Workplace
8. In house Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR) Programs
PREPARING FOR A SUCCESSFUL NEGOTIATION:
1. Goals
2. Trades
3. Alternatives
4. Relationships
5. Expected Outcomes
6. Power
7. Possible Solutions
NEGOTIATION STYLES:
1. Accommodating
2. Avoiding
3. Collaborating
4. Competing
5. Compromising
FILIPINO VALUES- refer to the set of values that a majority of the Filipinos has
historically held important in their lives.
1. Pagpapahalaga sa Pamilya
2. Solidarity of the Family Unit- loyalty to elders; being intact with the relatives.
3. Clannishness- desire to be with other friends or peers to feel at home.
4. Social Acceptance- acceptance within the family or the inner circle of society;
trying to fit in with others.
5. Pakikisama- getting along with people without getting into a fight or conflict.
6. Utang ng Loob- debt of gratitude; align with system of obligation.
7. Conformity-
8. Hiya- shame with what you’ve done; embarrassed over something.
9. Bahala na- came from the word ‘bathala na’
10. Hospitality- being friendly and welcoming towards other people.
11. Humility- being humble to other people.
12. Honor- honorable; palabra de honor; a man of word;
*DIVERSITY BARRIERS:
1. Like Me Bias
2. Stereo Types
3. Prejudice
4. Perceived Treat of Loss
INTRODUCTION
The subject will discuss the what is motivation, meaning, definitions, nature,
scope, importance and way to motivate employees. It will identify four early theories of
motivation and evaluate their applicability today, Cognitive Evaluation Theory, compare
and contrast Goal- Setting Theory and Management by Objectives, compare
contemporary theories of motivation.
DEFINITION:
Motivation is the desire that exists within a person that causes that individual to act.
MEANING:
MOTIVATION is an art by which managers promote productivity in their
employees. Motivation is an internal factor that stimulate desired energy in people
to be continually entrusted and committed to a job, role or subject.
*NATURE OF MOTIVATION:
1. Motivation is an Ending Process – Man being a social animal has
unmeasurable want to satisfy which induce in to work.
2. Motivation is a Psychological Concept – come from the inside of an
individual; inner feeling balances the perception (ability to see, hear or
become aware of something) of individual.
3. The Whole Individual is Motivated – each individual is integrated or
organized as a whole and part of him cannot be motivated because it is a
psychological concept that conclude within a whole individual to act.
4. Frustrated Man Cannot Be Motivated – if a man fails in satisfying in his
basic needs he becomes frustrated and mentally ill.
5. Goals of Motivators – Goals and motives is inseparable; As soon as the
goal achieve, the man is not interested to work.
6. The Self-Concept as a Unifying Forces – runs through each individual
history; to drive or to actualize his own image. Two things that individual is
always trying to do: to act like a person he thinks he is and to get what he
thinks he can.
7. Motivation is System Oriented – result of 3 group factors: Influence
operating within individual (goal needs values), influence operating within the
organization (organizational structure, has high technology, physical facilities,
nature of job), and forces operating in external environment (culture, custom
and norm of the society).
8. Motivation Can Be Positive or Negative – Positive (use of incentives such
as increase in pay, promotion for better work; the type where a person feels
when he expects a reward); Negative (emphasis in penalty such as decrease
in salary, threat in office; type of feeling when he expects punishment).
*IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION:
1. Set new goals
2. Focus on your dream
3. Stay Positive
4. Generate new ideas
*3 ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION:
1. Intensity – how hard the person tries to work?
2. Direction – effort that a channel toward and consistent with org growth
3. Persistence – how long a person can maintain effort?