Applications Development and

Emerging Technologies
 MODULE 2
PHP Operators and Control
Structures
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Objectives
• To understand the different types of operators that are
available on PHP.
• To know what is operator precedence and operator
associativity in PHP.
• To ensure that programs expression are logically correct by
using the correct referencing values of its precedence.
• To use escape sequence properly in the program.
• To know the different approach of control structures.
• To know the fundamentals syntax for conditional and
looping structures.
• To properly use the compound expression using the logical
operators.
• To know the rules of break, continue, and goto statements.
• To see some alternative enclosure for control structures.
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Operators
An operator is a symbol that specifies a particular action in an expression

Operator Precedence, Associativity, and Pupose

PHP Operators and Control Structures

Operator Precedence, Associativity, and Pupose

Beginning PHP and MySQL 3rd Edition by: W. Jason Gilmore pp.124
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Operator Precedence
is a characteristic of operators that determines the order in which they
evaluate the operands surrounding them.

Output:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Operator Associativity
is a characteristic of an operator specifies how operations of the same
precedence are evaluated as they are executed.

Output:

Example:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Arithmetic Operator

Beginning PHP and MySQL 3rd Edition by: W. Jason Gilmore pp.124

Assignment Operator

Beginning PHP and MySQL 3rd Edition by: W. Jason Gilmore pp.126
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Increment and Decrement Operator

Beginning PHP and MySQL 3rd Edition by: W. Jason Gilmore pp.127

Example: Output:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Comparison Operator

Beginning PHP and MySQL 3rd Edition by: W. Jason Gilmore pp.129

Example: Output:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Logical Operator

Beginning PHP and MySQL 3rd Edition by: W. Jason Gilmore pp.128
Equality Operator

Beginning PHP and MySQL 3rd Edition by: W. Jason Gilmore pp.129
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Bitwise Operator

Beginning PHP and MySQL 3rd Edition by: W. Jason Gilmore pp.130

Example: Output:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Escape Sequences

Beginning PHP and MySQL 3rd Edition by: W. Jason Gilmore pp.132
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: Conditional Statements

if statement
syntax: elseif statement
if(expression) { syntax:
statement… if(expression) {
} statement…
}
else statement elseif(expression) {
syntax: statement…
if(expression) { } else {
statement… statement…
} else { }
statement
}
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: Conditional Statements

Example:
Output:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: Conditional Statements

Nested if…else

Output:
Example:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: Conditional Statements

Compound expression using logical operators

Output:
Example:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: Conditional Statements

switch statement
syntax:
switch($category){
case opt1:
statement…
break;
case opt2:
statement…
break;
case opt3:
statement…
break;
…
default:
statement…
}
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: Conditional Statements

Switch Statement

Example: Output:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: Looping Statements

while statement for statement

syntax: syntax:
while(expression){ for(expr1;expr2;expr3)
statement… {
} statement…
}
do … while statement
syntax:
do{
statement…
}while(expression);
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: Looping Statements

Example: Output:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: break, continue,

and goto statement

break
break statement is placed within the code of a loop to cause
the program to break out of the loop statement.

continue
continue statement causes execution of the current loop
iteration to end and commence at the beginning of the next iteration.

goto … label:
goto statement is used to jump to other section of the
program to support labels.
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: break, continue,

and goto statement

Example:
Output:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

PHP Control Structures: alternative enclosure syntax

Involves replacing the opening bracket with a colon(:) and

replacing the closing bracket with endif;, endwhile;,endfor;,
endswitch

Example: Output:
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Summary
• Simplifying expression needs to follow a general precedence set by
PHP scripts.
• An operator specifies a particular action in a given expression.
• Available PHP operators are arithmetic, conditional, assignment,
logical and bitwise operator.
• Operator precedence characteristics determines the order in which
they evaluate the operands surrounding them.
• Operator associativity characteristic specifies how operations of the
same precedence are evaluated as they are executed.
• Post increment or decrement always execute the statement first
before incrementing or decrementing the value of a given variable.
• Pre increment or decrement always increment or decrement its
variable value before executing the statement.
• Escape sequence has its own special task in executing the string
as an output.
PHP Operators and Control Structures

Summary (Continue)
• Conditional statements are statement the will execute statement
inside a block if a given condition is true
• Use compound expression to minimize the process of coding using
nested if statement.
• break statement caused the program to break if used.
• continue statement end the current loop and continue to next
iteration.
• goto statement used to jump to other section of the program.
• Alternative enclosure syntax is available for if, while, for, foreach,
and switch control.