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Slender Wall Design
Alternative Design Method (ACI 318-05, 14.8)
Design of the wall shown is required. The wall is restrained at the top edge, and the roof
load is supported through 4 in. tee stems spaced at 4 ft on center.
Design Data
Loads:
Roof dead load q D := 60psf
Roof live load q L := 30psf
Wind q W := 20psf
Steel
fy := 60ksi Es := 29000ksi
ρ minh := 0.0020 ρ minv := 0.0012
Concrete
lbf
f'c := 4ksi wc := 150 φ := 0.9
3
ft
1 1
Ec := 57000 ⋅ f'c⋅ ⋅ psi Ec = 3605 ksi fr := 7.5⋅ f'c⋅ ⋅ psi fr = 474.341 psi
psi psi
⎡ ⎡
β 1 := if ⎢ f'c ≤ 4000psi , 0.85 , max⎢ 0.65 , 0.85 − 0.05⋅
(f'c − 4000psi) ⎥⎤ ⎥⎤ β 1 = 0.85
⎣ ⎣ 1000psi ⎦⎦
Geometry
Wall height l c := 16ft Stem width w := 4in
Parapet length l p := 2ft Tee beam spacing s := 4ft
Roof load eccentiricity e := 6.75in
Roof span l r := 40ft
Effective length factor k := 1.0
Wall thickness h := 6.50in
k ⋅ lc
Slenderness = 98.462
0.3⋅ h
Reinforcement location
d := 0.5⋅ h d = 3.25 in
Slender Wall by Chapter 14.8.mcd 2-1 6/1/2006
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Calculations
1. Trial wall section
2
in
Asminv := ρ minv⋅ h Asminv = 0.094
Minimum reinforcement area ft
2
in
Trial area of vertical reinforcement As := 0.175
ft
2. Effective wall length for roof reaction
l eff := min( w + 4 ⋅ h , s)
l eff = 2.5 ft
3. Roof loading per foot width of wall b := 1ft
s lr
Roof dead load PD1 := q D ⋅ PD1 = 1920 plf
l eff 2
⎛ lc ⎞
Wall dead load at midheight PD2 := h ⋅ ⎜ l p + ⋅ wc PD2 = 812.5 plf
⎝ 2 ⎠
s lr
Roof live load PL := q L ⋅ PL = 960 plf
l eff 2
4. Factored load combinations
(1.2D + 0.5Lr + 1.6W)
⎣ ( )
Pu := b ⋅ ⎡1.2⋅ PD1 + PD2 + 0.5⋅ PL⎤ Pu = 3.759 kips
⎦
Factored axial load at mid-height ⎛⎜ q W⋅ l c ⎞
2
e e
M ua := b ⋅ ⎜ 1.2⋅ PD1⋅ + 0.5⋅ PL⋅ + 1.6⋅
Moment (not-magnified) at ⎝ 2 2 8 ⎠
mid-height
M ua = 21.684 in⋅ kips
2
Ag := b ⋅ h Ag = 78 in
5. Check axial stress at mid-height
Gross area of concrete 0.06f'c = 240 psi
Allowable axial stress
Pu
= 48.192 psi
Ag
Axial stress check ⎛ Pu ⎞
if ⎜ ≤ 0.06⋅ f'c , "OK" , "NG" = "OK"
⎝ Ag ⎠
Slender Wall by Chapter 14.8.mcd 2-2 6/1/2006
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6. Panel properties
Gross moment of inertia 3
b⋅ h 4
Ig := Ig = 274.625 in
12
Pu
Depth of equivalent concrete stress + As⋅ b ⋅ fy
block φ
a := a = 0.36 in
0.85⋅ f'c⋅ b
a
Neutral axis depth c := c = 0.423 in
β1
0.003
Net tensile steel strain ε t := ⋅ ( d − c) ε t = 0.02
(Check if section is c
tension-controlled)
(
if ε t > 0.005 , "OK" , "NG" = "OK" )
b ⋅ ( c)
3 Es ⎛ Pu ⎞ 2
Cracked moment of inertia Icr := + ⋅ ⎜ As⋅ b + ⋅ ( d − c)
3 Ec
⎝ fy
⎠
Icr 4
= 0.057 Icr = 15.58 in
Ig
fr⋅ Ig
M cr := M cr = 40.082 in⋅ kips
Cracking moment h
2
⎛ ⎞⎛
Pu
⋅⎜d − ⎞
a
M n := fy ⋅ ⎜ As⋅ b +
Moment capacity φ⋅ fy ⎝ 2⎠
⎝ ⎠
M n = 45.059 in⋅ kips φ⋅ M n = 40.553 in⋅ kips
7. Check design strength vs. required
(
if φ⋅ M n ≥ M cr , "OK" , "NG" = "OK" )
strength
M ua
M u := M u = 32.988 in⋅ kips
Magnified moment 2
5Pu ⋅ l c
1−
0.75⋅ 48⋅ Ec⋅ Icr
Mu ⎛ Mu ⎞
= 0.813 if ⎜ ≤ 1 , "OK" , "NG" = "OK"
φ⋅ M n φ⋅ M n
⎝ ⎠
Ultimate load deflections 2
5M u ⋅ l c
∆ u := ∆ u = 3.007 in
0.75⋅ 48⋅ Ec⋅ Icr
Double-check magnified moments
(Should be equal to M ui)
M ua + Pu ⋅ ∆ u = 32.988 in⋅ kips
Slender Wall by Chapter 14.8.mcd 2-3 6/1/2006
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8. Check service load deflections
(1.0*D + 1.0*Lr + 1.0W)
(For seismic devide by 1.4 to reduce
to service level)
⎛⎜ q W⋅ l c ⎞
2
e e
Service load (not magnified) moment M sa := b ⋅ ⎜ 1.0⋅ PD1⋅ + 1.0⋅ PL⋅ + 1.0⋅
⎝ 2 2 8 ⎠
M sa = 17.4 in⋅ kips
Service load axial load
⎣ ( )
Ps := b ⋅ ⎡1.0⋅ PD1 + PD2 + 1.0⋅ PL⎤
⎦ Ps = 3.693 kips
Allowable service load displacement lc
∆ s.allowable := ∆ s.allowable = 1.28 in
150
Find magnified moment and effective
moment of inertia δ := 1 η := 1
Let the service magnified moment Given
Ms = δ Msa
δ = max⎡⎢ 1 , ⎤
1
where
2 ⎥
⎢ 5 ⋅ Ps⋅ l c ⎥
⎢ 1 − 48E ⋅ η ⋅ I ⎥
Let the effective moment of inertia ⎣ c ( g) ⎦
I e = η Ig
where ⎡ ⎛ M ⎞3 ⎡ 3⎤ ⎤
⎢ cr ⎢ ⎛ Mcr ⎞ ⎥ Icr ⎥
η = min 1 , ⎜ +
⎢ δ⋅ M ⎢1 − ⎜ ⋅
⎥ I ⎥
⎣ ⎝ sa ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ δ ⋅ Msa ⎠ ⎦ g⎦
⎛δ⎞
⎜ := Find( δ , η )
Solve for δ and η ⎝η ⎠
δ = 1.015 η = 1.000
Magnified service moment M s := δ ⋅ M sa M s = 17.653 in⋅ kips
4
Effective moment of inertia Ie := η ⋅ Ig Ie = 274.625 in
2
Service load displacement 5M s⋅ l c
∆ s := ∆ s = 0.068 in
48⋅ Ec⋅ Ie
Sevice load displacement check ∆s
= 0.053
∆ s.allowable
(
if ∆ s ≤ ∆ s.allowable , "OK" , "NG" = "OK" )
Slender Wall by Chapter 14.8.mcd 2-4 6/1/2006
