NDT MT Formulae11a
Uploaded by
ShahidNDT MT Formulae11a
Uploaded by
ShahidNDT
Magnetic particle Testing
1. Longitudinal magnetization
.
i) For relatively uniform cross sections
.A. For Low fill factor coils
For parts positioned to the side of the coil:
N I = 45000 / (L / D) (± 10%)
where N = number of turns in the coil
I = current (A)
L/D = length-to-diameter ratio of the part to be magnetized
For parts positioned in the centre of the coil:
N I = 43000 / [(6L / D) − 5] (± 10%)
where N = number of turns in the coil
I = current (A)
R = radius of coil ( in.)
L/D = length-to-diameter ratio of the part to be magnetized
B. For High fill factor coils or Coil wrap
N I = 35000 / [ (L / D) + 2 ] (± 10%)
C. For Intermediate fill factor coils
N I = (NI)h [ ( 10 – r ) / 8 ] + ( NI )l [( r - 2 ) / 8) ]
where (NI)l = value of NI calculated for low fill factor coils
(NI)h = value of NI calculated for high fill factor coils
r = ratio of the cross sectional area of the coil to the cross sectional area of the part
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(ii). For oddly shaped uniform cross sections
I = (P / 3.14 ) x 1000
where P = perimeter of cross section (cm2)
I = current (A)
iii) Calculating the L/D ratio for a hollow part
When calculating the L/D ratio for a hollow or cylindrical part, D shall be replaced with an
effective diameter, Deff, calculated using:
A) Hollow Piece
D eff = [ ( At - Ah ) / 3.14 ] 1/2
where At = total cross sectional area of the part in square inches
Ah = cross sectional area in square inches of the hollow portion of the part
B) Cylindrical Piece
Deff = [ (OD)2 - (ID)2 ]1/2
where OD = outside diameter of the cylinder
ID = inside diameter of the cylinder
2. Circular magnetization
When magnetizing by passing direct current (DC) directly through the part (i.e. using "head
shots"), the current shall be from 800 to 1000 A per inch of part diameter or cross section.
3. The magnetic flux leakage strength decreases with distance (d) from the defect surface, which
is approximately proportional to: 1/d2
4. Fill factor = Cross sectional area of test part/ Cross sectional area of coil
5. µ = B / H
where µ = permeability
B. = magnetic flux density
H = magnetizing force
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PIRT
6. µr = µ / µo
where µr = relative permeability
µo = permeability of space
7. B = F / A
where F = magnetic flux (Wb)
B. = magnetic flux density (Wb/ m2)
A = area perpendicular to the flux (m2)
8. Inverse square law of photometry
. E = I / d2
where I = source illuminance
E = surface illuminance
d = distance between the point and source
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