UNIT PIC ARCHITECTURE PART-A ‘SHORT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS Q1. List few members of PIC 18 microcontroller family. Ans: Few members of PIC 18 microcontroller family are as follows, “ote 1. PICISF1220 2. PICI8F2420 3. PICI8F2220 4. PICISE4! S$. PICI8F4520 6. 7 8. PICISFaSS. PICISFass PICISFS Q2. Mention the file register size for PIC chips. Ans: The file register size for various PIC microcontroller chips are as follows, Picisrias0 | picisrsa | Piciema0 | Picnics | PIClere7aa [Microcontroller Chip File register (Bytes) 512 1792 768 1792, 4096. SFR (Bytes) 256 286 256 158 GPR (Bytes) Bred 1536 512 1536 3938 Differentiate 8051 microcontroller from PIC18F458 microcontrollers. PICI8F458 Microcontroller it microcontroller. It is an 8-bit microcontroller. [thas 2MB of program ROM. Ithas 4 kB of data RAM. has 4-imers. thas 33 VO pins It has 64 kB of program ROM. Ithas 256 bytes of data RAM. Ithas 3 timers. It has 32 Y/O pins. 7 SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS5.2________MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS [JNTU-KAKINADAI 7 about ‘Program ROM. ans : Model Papert, ai(6) ROM stores the programs (code) Itis also known as programer code ROM, “The sizeof program ROM is2 Mi and varie fom 4 Kt F284 respective ofthe family member while writing into it itis availabe in sever memory ype ies, One-Time Program (OTP) and asked wit separate part number ‘5. _ List out the VO ports of PIC1EF458 microcontroller. ‘The PIC18F458 microcontroller has five ports namely PotA Port B PortD Port E {@6. . Mention the special function registers used by VO ports in PIC18F458 microcontroller. 1 2 3. Potc 4 5. ‘The special faction reper sed by LO pons in PICIBE4S8 mirocontolr are as fllows, 1 PORTX 2 TRISX 3. LATX Look for the SIA GROUP LoGo {i on the TITLE COVER before you buySy a eR A SE SR PSS UNIT-5_(PIC Architecture) PART-B ESSAY QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS 5.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BASIC PIC1s MICRO CONTROLLER: Q7. List the features of PIC18xxx microcontroller family, Model Papen g Ans: The festures of PICISaxx microcontroller family are as follows, 1. They are S-bvt microcontrollers and contain RISC architecture 2. They support 16-bit wide instructions. 3. They are available in 18 to 80 pin package. 4. ‘They have 2MR of program ROM space and varies from 4 KB to 128 kB with respeet to the family member, 5. They contain 4 KB of data RAM space and varies from 256 bytes to 4096 bytes. 6 They allot 16 1 72 pins for VO pons, family is superior to other 8-bit microcontroller, include an On-chip program ROM, data RAM, data EEPROM, timers, ADC and USART. Ga. Compare the various members of PIC18 microcontroller family. Ans: 7 This The comparison of various members of PICIS microcontroller family is mentioned below, Microcontralier Features Number of Pins 1 2 8 0 40 40 or or oP or oP oP Dr 16 6 Fy 4 38 4 36 16Ke ane swe | sone | 32ke 32kB Data RAM Sp TeBBytes | Si2Byies | 1596Bytes | 1596 Bytes’ | 1596 Bytes | 1596 Bytes ra EEPROM o 256 Bytes | 255Byee | 256Bytes | 256 Bytes | 256 Bytes 4 4 4 4 4 4 rowit obit roi Toit obit rosit Memory Flash Flash ash Flash Flash Flash Explain the functional description of PIC18 microcontroller. The function .gram of PICLX microcontroller is as shown in figure, Los | ae =| | : Tnterraph Other ae Timers Pons Gee ose peripherals Gi SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS Si5.4 Program Roy Data RAM and EEPROM 2, 3 4, "The sie of data RAM is 4B and varies fom 236 Bytes 4096 bytes with respect to the family member PICI8 microcontroller family allots 16 to 72 pins for VO. 8 ll cRoPRocessons [AND MICROCONTROLLERS [JNTU-KAKINADA] functig Mal de; Sepap aha ontolerisas follows, ROM stores © Pro, 5a. knowing nn ose * ROM or code ROM, as The size stim es ROn t 1S2 and varie fom 44 o 12840 respective ofthe family member while wring nto loping PIC my IF eg the ROM eee with UV-EPROM a PROM bumer is tequied and UVEPROM eroscr necessary -ontens, itrequires more time (20 minutes) to erase the contents before reprogramming. jerocontroller has introduced. This m gs a SmOtY EFS he contents of ROM quickly compared to UVEPROM. developin, : oping a PIC microcontroller ‘with flash ROM, it requires a ROM burner which supports flash memory. It does i TOUreie separate eratr to erage the contents since it is performed by ROM programmer ‘The Contents oF ROM in fash memory must bo erased to reprogram it 4 RAM stores data, Data RAM space consists of wo elements namely general purpose RAM (GRR) and Special Funston Registers (SFRS). EEPROM stores critical data that cannot be changed frequently. 2. VO pins rely upon the number of pins in the package. 3. For PICL8 package, the VO pins vary from 18 to 80. Peripherals 1. PICLS family se standard peripherals such as ADC, timers and USART. 2. PIC microcontoller uses 10 bit ADC and its channel vary from 5 to 16 accordance’ with number of pins in package. 3.° PIC microcontroller has 4 timers along with a watchdog timer. « . 4. USART connects PIC-18 based systems to serial port, Look for the SIA GROUP LOGO {J on the TITLE COVER before you buy oo!PALS TES SS BEL CS SRS EB RA UNIT-5_(PIC Architecture) 5.2 REGISTERS ‘e Q10. Explain about WREG register in PIC microcontroller. Ans: PIC microcontrollers contain several registers to perform arithmetic and logical operations, Out of those registers. register (WREG) #6 widely used g register is a S-bit wide register used to store the information temporarily-Sinee, itis an 8-bit wide, more than S-bits is initially divided into one-byte chunks and proceeds the operation. Its operation is similar to an aceury use of WREG register can be described withthe two instructions, MOVE and ADD, in microprocessors. For instance, th MOVL WK ; Moves the literal value k (S-bits) into WREG register. ‘The syntax for ADD instruction is, ADD__LWk: Adds the literal value k to WREG « 11. Explain about PIC file register. et and stores the result in WREG register. Ans: lata, Scratch pad and other registers forit ns cam be performed on various RAM locations of file Special Function Registers Those are b-but wade registers specially alloted wo particulor function like ALU status ier, serial commuica ters are fixed by the CPU designers while manufacturing they control the pe ster and rely on the pin numbers and peripheral SPR locations in file register may differ from one ehip to ether and within the same family member. ports. ADC ete, The function of these r and microcos The number Geners Purpose Registers General purpose registers are also known as gencral purpose RAM. cach of S-bits wide in file register for storing data and scratch pu. The RAM locations of these registers are preser 6 land may differ {rom one chip to other and also. within the same fa SPs 1s PIC microcontroller ean be used by the purpose registers. 5.3 0 PORTS the UO ports of PIC 18F458 microconwoller. 012. Expla Ans: The 40 pin PICIAP4S® microcontroller has five ports namely, Po ichon registers, PORTS, TRISX and LATS. By setting the bits in TRISx register to *11* (or) ‘0 ‘or output port correspe PORTS acts as snput po Porta ins. RAO 10 RAG. Among these 7 pins, RAG pin is used for OSC2. inpuvoutput port of 7 “cng ats bits externally tthe pin and setting TRISA register bits: 11s a bidirecuon utput port by co Ifthe bus an “TRISA’ sets to PORTA aets as input port tthe basin “TRISAT The PICs microcontroller muluplener is an analog to digital converter Via PORT A to save 1/0 pins, The pins Off wn an figure (1) sets 10 “0°, PORTA acts as output port Abas alternate {unctian RAB RRS naa | a3 Raa RAT RAO OSC2ICiKO ANAISSILVDIN TOCL ANSIVREF+ ANZIVREF. ANI ANOICVREF mh Figure (1: Alternate Functions of SPECTRUM ALLAN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTSMICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS [JNTU-KAKINADA] etional in comeing sg Pe tf pin. RB to RRT These is ener 8 nt porto ouput por by © ifthe bits in TRisp, 'Y to the pin 2 setting the TRISB register bi sets 0), Ue bitin Tagg ne Pet B At input port ISB resets to ; The PICI8 mi Pom B acts as output pot 35 chown in figure a) Miblenes with other functions to save VO pins. The pins of Port B his alternate functions. fer} nee | es | moa | nea naz nor | Reo roo Po Few CANE INTICANT INT INTO Figure 2: Alternate Funetions of Port B 7 ee igure (2 Ts bidirectional inpuvouput port of 8 pins, RCO to RCT. These pins can either act as input pért or output port by ‘ing its bits externally tothe pin and setting the TRISC register bits. # Ifthe bits in TRISC sets to 1, Pot C acts as input pot. Ifthe bits in TRISC resets to ‘0° Port C acts as output port. ‘The pins of port C has alternate functions as shown in figure (3)- Rey | ace | cs | ace Rea Roz RCI Reo Axor Txtk “s00—“SONSDA—«SCKISCL «COPY. THOS! = THOSO/TICKI Figure (3: Alternate Functions of Port © PotD | i : It is a bidirectional inpuvoutput port of 8 pins, RDO to RDT: These pins can either acts as input port or output port by connecting its bits extemally tothe pin ad setting the TRISD register bits, % Ifthe bits in TRISD sets to “1", port D acis as input port. E % Ifthe bits in TRISD resets to'0, port D acts as output port. ‘The pins of port D has alternate functions as shown in figure (4). : f 07 |. nos | nos ADs 03 R02 ROI ROO : PSP7IPID PSPGPIC PSPSIPIB PSPHECCPIIPTA PSPSIGZIN- PSPZICZIN+ PSPIICIIN- _PSPOICIIN Figura (4: Alternate Functions of Port D i Port E Itis a bidirectional inputfoutput port of 3 pins, REO to RE2. This port is used for simple /O operations ie., ANS, ANG and AN7 or additional analog inputs. Look for the SIA GROUP LOGO {J on the TITLE COVER before you buy