Electromagnet

P2/21 MARCH 20

1 The circuit shows one method of magnetising a steel bar.

How can the circuit be altered so that it can be used to demagnetise the magnetised
steel bar?
A remove the steel bar from the coil whilst the current is switched on
B replace the d.c. supply with an a.c. supply and gradually reduce the supply
voltage to zero
C reverse the polarity of the d.c. supply
D reverse the polarity of the d.c. supply and gradually reduce the supply voltage
to zero

2 A student uses the circuit shown to determine the resistance of two identical
resistors.

The voltmeter reading is 2.2 V and the ammeter reading is 0.25 A.

What is the resistance of each resistor?

A 0.275 Ω B 0.55 Ω C 4.4 Ω D 8.8 Ω

3 The diagram shows a wire between the poles of a magnet.
The wire is perpendicular to the page.

The wire is moved and a current is induced upwards, out of the paper.
In which direction is the wire moved?

A left to right
B right to left
C up the page
D down the page

4 A 100% efficient transformer converts a 240 V input voltage to a 12 V output voltage.

The output power of the transformer can be a maximum of 20 W.
The output is connected to two 0.30 A bulbs in parallel. One of the bulbs fails.
How does the current in the primary coil change?

A It decreases by 0.30 A.
B It decreases by 0.015 A.
C It increases by 0.15 A.
D It remains unchanged
 4 Cables transmit electrical power from the output of the transformer at a power station to
the input of the transformer at a substation.

The power at the output of the transformer at the power station is 400 MW.
Which situation delivers the most power to the input of the transformer at the
substation?

potential difference at diameter of cables

power station transformer
output / kV
A 200 large
B 200 small
C 400 large
D 400 small

P2 23 MARCH 20

5 The diagrams show a magnetised steel rod inside a solenoid connected to a

potentiometer.
In diagram 1, the potentiometer is connected to a d.c. power supply.
In diagram 2, the potentiometer is connected to an a.c. power supply.

Which action would demagnetise the piece of steel?

A In diagram 1, move the potentiometer slide from P to Q.
B In diagram 1, move the potentiometer slide from Q to P.
C In diagram 2, move the potentiometer slide from R to S.
D In diagram 2, move the potentiometer slide from S to R.
6 The graphs show how the currents in three circuits vary with time.

In which circuits is there a direct current?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 only D 3 only

7 The coil of a simple a.c. generator rotates steadily in a uniform magnetic field.
The diagram shows the position of the coil at time t = 0.

Which graph shows the output voltage for one revolution of the coil?
Paper 4 41 May/June 2020

7 An electromagnet consists of a solenoid X that is made of copper wire. The solenoid

contains an
iron core.
(a) Explain why:
(i) the structure of copper makes it a suitable material for the wire

………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(ii) iron is a suitable material for the core of an electromagnet.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows the electromagnet inside a second solenoid Y.

(i) Describe and explain what happens in solenoid Y when solenoid X is

connected to an alternating current (a.c.) power supply.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3]
 (ii) A switch and a lamp are connected in series with the terminals of solenoid
Y. When the switch is closed, the lamp lights up at normal brightness.

Describe and explain what happens to the current in solenoid X when the
switch is closed.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
TOTAL:[9]

8 The power supply used in an electric vehicle contains 990 rechargeable cells each of
electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.2 V.
The cells are contained in packs in which all the cells are in series with each other.
The e.m.f. of each pack is 54 V.

(a) Calculate the number of packs in the power supply.

number of packs = ......................................................... [2]

(b) When in use, each pack supplies a current of 3.5 A.
(i) Calculate the rate at which each cell is transferring chemical energy to
electrical energy.

rate of energy transfer = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) The packs are connected in parallel to supply a large current to drive the
electric vehicle.
Explain why it is necessary to use thick wires to carry this current.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3]
0625/42
May/June 2020

7 (a) A student makes a transformer that uses an alternating current (a.c.) supply with
An electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 12.0 V to induce an output potential difference
(p.d.) of 2.0 V.

The student is provided with two lengths of insulated wire and the U-shaped piece
of iron shown in Fig. 7.1.

(i) Complete and label Fig. 7.1 to show the transformer connected to the supply
and the output from the transformer. [3]

(ii) Explain the function of the piece of iron in the transformer.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(iii) The output of the transformer is connected to a lamp. The current in the
lamp is 100 mA.

The transformer is 100% efficient.

Calculate the input current to the transformer.

current = ......................................................... [2]

 (b) Another transformer is used in a school laboratory to step down a mains supply
with a p.d. of 110 V to 12 V. This transformer is mounted in a metal case.
State and explain an essential safety feature required for this arrangement.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
TOTAL:[9]

8 (a) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a diode that emits light when there is a current in it.
Draw a circuit diagram showing an LED, connected so that it is lit, in series with a
battery and a fixed resistor. Use standard electrical symbols.

[4]
(b) The p.d. across the LED when lit is 3.1 V and the current in the LED is 0.030 A.
Calculate the value of the resistance of the LED when lit.

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 8.1 shows a power supply of e.m.f. 10.5 V connected in series with a lamp
and a heater.
The p.d. across the lamp is 2.1 V and the current in the lamp is 1.5 A.
 Calculate:
(i) the resistance of the heater

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the power of the heater.

power = ......................................................... [2]

TOTAL:[10]

0625/43
May/June 2020

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a simple direct current (d.c.) electric motor. The coil rotates about the
axis when there is a current in the coil. The coil is connected to the rest of the circuit
by the brushes.

(a) (i) On Fig. 9.1, draw a pair of arrows to show which way the coil rotates. Explain
the direction you have chosen.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………..
[3]
(iii) On Fig. 9.1, draw an arrow to show the direction in which electrons flow
through the coil. [1]
 (iii) Explain why the electrons flow in the direction you have shown in (a)(ii).

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(b) State any difference each of the following changes makes to the rotation of the
coil in Fig. 9.1:
(i) changing the polarity of the power supply to that shown in Fig. 9.2

………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) changing the coil to the new coil shown in Figure

………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(iii) using a stronger magnetic field.

………………………………………………………………………………………[1]