An

Assignment on
a) Define a computer with its functions.
b) Briefly describe the several different parts of a computer with functions.
c) Define software. Distinguish between hardware and software. Site some examples of
software’s in our daily life and suggest some problems that could be solved with software.
d) How do ICT help to overcome the pandemic situation of COVID 19?

Program : Bachelor of Business Administration

Department : Business Administration

Course Title : Computer Application in Business
Course code : CSE-114
Section :1
Semester : 1st
Batch : 55th

Submitted To:
Mohammad Zahed Hossain
Assistant Professor
Leading University, Sylhet.

Submitted By
Abdul Aziz Khan Afridi
ID: 2021010008

Date of Submission: 20.8.2020

No. Content Page
1 Define a computer with its functions. 1
2 Briefly describe the several different parts of a computer with functions. 2-5
3 Define software. Distinguish between hardware and software. Site some 6-8
examples of software’s in our daily life and suggest some problems that
could be solved with software.
4 How do ICT help to overcome the pandemic situation of COVID 19? 9-11
5 Conclusion 11
6 Reference 12
 a) Defining a computer with its functions.

Introduction:
Computer an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form,
according to instructions given to it in a variable program. A computer is a machine or device
that performs processes, calculations and operations based on instructions provided by a software
or hardware program. It has the ability to accept data (input), process it, and then produce
outputs. Computers can also store data for later uses in appropriate storage devices, and retrieve
whenever it is necessary. They are designed to execute applications and provide a variety of
solutions by combining integrated hardware and software components. The computer operates
according to instructions stored in its own memory unit and can accept inputted data, process that
data arithmetically; and through sequence-based logic, it can produce information and store the
results for future use. The four functions of a computer actually explain the core reasons why it
was built. They include:
 Data input
 Data processing.
 Information output.
 Data and information storage.
1. Data Input
Every computer is designed with data input as a first function, an activity which is accomplished
via input devices. Data entry is done manually, automatically or both. Manual input is done via
add-on peripherals like the keyboard, mouse and stylus. Input can also be accomplished via vocal
dictation applications and body gestures peripherals like Kinect and biometric devices.
Elsewhere, data input is also done using secondary storage media and networking interfaces.
2. Data Processing
Data processing is the core function of a computer. Processing involves manipulation of raw data
into before converting it into meaningful information. Usually, data is in raw form, and will thus
undergo processing before dissemination for user consumption.
3. Information Output
When raw data has been manipulated by the microprocessor, the outcome is meant to be
disseminated for useful purposes. The output is thus referred to as information and is beneficial
to the computer user.
Processed data or information can be,
 viewed as alphanumeric, images and video via a display hardware
 listened to as audio files by use of a speaker
 printed as hard copy output onto paper
 printed as 3D models
4. Data and Information Storage
The fourth and equally very important function of a computer is data and information storage.
After sleepless nights of video and animation creation and editing, the user wants to have the
finished product stored for future dissemination and additional editing.

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 b) Briefly describe the several different parts of a computer with functions.

The most basic computer setup usually includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse,
but you can plug many different types of devices into the extra ports on your computer. These
devices are called peripherals. Let's take a look at some of the most common ones.
Computer case

The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main components of the
computer, including the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), and power supply. The
front of the case usually has an On/Off button and one or more optical drives.
Monitor

The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display images and
text on the screen. Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your monitor's
display settings, and some monitors also have built-in speakers.
Keyboard

The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer. There are many
different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and allow you to accomplish the same
basic tasks.

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Mouse

The mouse is another important tool for communicating with computers. Commonly known as
a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the screen, click on them, and move them.
Motherboard

The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. It's a thin plate that holds the CPU,
memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control the video
and audio, and connections to your computer's ports (such as USB ports). The motherboard
connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.
CPU/processor

The central processing unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside the computer case on
the motherboard. It is sometimes called the brain of the computer, and its job is to carry out
commands. Whenever you press a key, click the mouse, or start an application, you're sending
instructions to the CPU.
RAM (random access memory)

RAM is your system's short-term memory. Whenever your computer performs calculations, it
temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed.

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Hard drive

The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are stored. The hard drive
is long-term storage, which means the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or
unplug it.
Power supply unit

The power supply unit in a computer converts the power from the wall outlet to the type of
power needed by the computer. It sends power through cables to the motherboard and other
components.
Video Card

A video card is a dedicated unit for handling the output of images to a display. Video cards have
their own dedicated RAM for performing these functions. A high-end video card is required to
process extremely intense visual functions, such as computer drafting by engineers. Like many
components, many types of video cards are available with varying power and prices. An alternative
to a video card is integrated graphics, which occurs when the system borrows regular RAM for
graphics processing. Typically integrated graphics are attached to the CPU, especially on laptops.
Integrated graphics is sufficient for normal computing use and is less expensive than a dedicated
card, but won't work for intense editing jobs or high-end games.

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UPS

UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) a device that provides battery backup when the electrical
power fails or drops to an unacceptable voltage level. Small UPS systems provide power for a few
minutes; enough to power down the computer in an orderly manner, while larger systems have
enough battery for several hours.
Cooling fan

A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active cooling. Fans are
used to draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside and move air
across a heat sink to cool a particular component.

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 c) Define software. Distinguish between hardware and software. Site some examples of
software’s in our daily life and suggest some problems that could be solved with
software.
Introduction:
Computer Hardware: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer. Computer
Hardware is any part of the computer that we can touch these parts. These are the primary
electronic devices used to build up the computer. Examples of hardware in a computer are the
Processor, Memory Devices, Monitor, Printer, Keyboard, Mouse, and the Central Processing Unit.

Computer Software: Software is a collection of instructions, procedures, documentation that

performs different tasks on a computer system. We can say also Computer Software is a
programming code executed on a computer processor. The code can be machine-level code or the
code written for an operating system. Examples of software are MS Word, Excel, Power Point,
Google Chrome, Photoshop, MySQL etc.

Differentiate between Hardware and Software:

HARDWARE SOFTWARE

Hardware is a physical parts computer that Software is a set of instruction that tells a
cause processing of data. computer exactly what to do.

It is manufactured. It is developed and engineered.

Hardware cannot perform any task without Software cannot be executed without hardware.
software.

As Hardware are physical electronic devices, We can see and also use the software but can’t
we can see and touch hardware. actually touch them.

It has four main categories: input device, output It is mainly divided into System software,
devices, storage, and internal components. Programming software and Application
software

Hardware is not affected by computer viruses. Software is affected by computer viruses.

It cannot be transferred from one place to But, it can transferred.

another electrically through network.

If hardware is damaged, it is replaced with new If software is damaged, its backup copy can be
one. reinstalled

Ex: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, CPU, Ex: MS Word, Excel, Power Point, Photoshop,
Hard disk, RAM, ROM etc. MySQL etc.

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Cite some examples of software from real life:
Application software is a type of computer program that performs a specific personal, educational,
and business function. Each program is designed to assist the user with a particular process, which
may be related to productivity, creativity, and/or communication.
The most common application software programs are used by millions every day and include:
 Microsoft suite of products (Office, Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook, etc.)
 Internet browsers like Firefox, Safari, and Chrome.
 Mobile pieces of software such as Pandora (for music appreciation), Skype (for real-time
online communication), and Slack (for team collaboration).

Software in real life situation:

Software play an important role in our real life. Software, in its most general sense, is a set of
instructions or programs instructing a computer to do specific tasks. Software makes our life easier
because of software we can easily finish our task. It is save our valuable time. For an example on
this pandemic situation software help us for doing our job from home.
Below we talk about some app who help to solve our real life problem:

MS Word: MS Word is a popular word-processing program used primarily for creating documents
such as letters, brochures, learning activities, tests, quizzes and students' homework assignments.
There are many simple but useful features available in Microsoft Word to make it easier for study
and work.
WhatsApp: WhatsApp uses your phone’s cellular or Wi-Fi connection to facilitate messaging and
voice calling to nearly anyone on the planet, alone or in a group, and is especially nice for families
and small collaborative workgroups. The app lets you make calls, and send and receive messages,
documents, photos, and videos.
Google: Google helps us if it is profitable for it to do that. Google is helping us in searching
efficiently things on the web, but because this way can sell ads. Google is helping us in not getting
lost, is pushing on virtual reality, is making a lot of interesting research that will make technology
to evolve.
Social media app: Social media helps us to humanize a brand and build genuine relationships with
your community. It shortens the distance from your audience, especially when you address them
from personal accounts.
Skype: Skype is software that enables the world's conversations. Millions of individuals and
businesses use Skype to make free video and voice one-to-one and group calls, send instant
messages and share files with other people on Skype. You can use Skype on whatever works best
for you – on your mobile, computer or tablet.
PowerPoint: Making your presentation more interesting through the use of multimedia can help
to improve the audience's focus. PowerPoint allows you to use images, audio and video to have a
greater visual impact. These visual and audio cues may also help a presenter be more
improvisational and interactive with the audience.
One Drive: Save your files in One Drive folders and you'll be able to get to them from any PC,
tablet, or phone. If you have a Microsoft 365 subscription, you'll get additional features and extra
cloud storage to access, edit, and share your documents and photos across all your devices, while
keeping your files protected.

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Zoom: Zoom is a free HD video conferencing app for up to 100 attendees. The free version of the
Zoom app enables users to add up to 100 participants in a call. Users can also enjoy unlimited 1to-
1 meetings and 40 minutes of group callings.
Web browser: A web browser is a type of software that allows you to find and view websites on
the Internet. Even if you didn't know it, you're using a web browser right now to read this page!
There are many different web browsers, but some of the most common ones include Google
Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox.
Foodpanda: Foodpanda (stylized as foodpanda) is a mobile food delivery marketplace owned by
Berlin-based Company Delivery Hero SE and operates in about 50 countries. It is mostly active in
Asia Pacific, Bulgaria and Romania. It is headquartered in Berlin, Germany.
Pathao: Pathao the dynamic platform that provides on-demand transportation, food delivery,
logistics and payment services. One app for all solutions!

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 d) How do ICT help to overcome the pandemic situation of COVID 19?

INTRODUCTION:

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is drastically changing the lives of people, including the
lives of young people. Schools and universities have closed, exams and events postponed, the usual
health information services are limited, socializing with friends and wider family is highly
discouraged and in some places even punishable. Living in these circumstances can be tough for
young people for their social, physical and mental wellbeing. This new COVID-19 Youth Guide
is a collection of information, links, and resources that can support young people to navigate their
lives in these challenging times as well as inspire them to become leaders in dealing with the
uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. In recent years, the world has witnessed the rise of SARS,
Zika virus, Ebola and now COVID-19. Epidemics are a rising threat. Cities across the world have
made infrastructure innovation a priority to safeguard their physical systems so they can stay
robust and ant fragile during natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and hurricanes. But
pandemics have shown that these methods aren’t enough when it comes to ensuring connectivity
and accessing our society during biological disasters. The primary challenge now, at the time of
this crisis, is to integrate and streamline digital infrastructure at various stages of the public health
response, particularly in the context of epidemic forecasting and decision-making. In the 17 years
since SARS, a new age digital era has emerged; artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things
could be instrumental in keeping this new virus within reasonable limits.

Impacts of ICT on this pandemic situation:

In recent years, the world has witnessed the rise of SARS, Zika virus, Ebola and now COVID-19.
Epidemics are a rising threat. Cities across the world have made infrastructure innovation a priority
to safeguard their physical systems so they can stay robust and ant fragile during natural disasters
such as earthquakes, tsunami and hurricanes. But pandemics have shown that these methods aren’t
enough when it comes to ensuring connectivity and accessing our society during biological
disasters. The primary challenge now, at the time of this crisis, is to integrate and streamline digital
infrastructure at various stages of the public health response, particularly in the context of epidemic
forecasting and decision-making. In the 17 years since SARS, a new age digital era has emerged;
artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things could be instrumental in keeping this new virus
within reasonable limits. The current COVID-19 pandemic hits global markets hard, weakening
international trade and cooperation, accelerating tendencies of protectionism and nationalism
which had been already on the rise before. The pandemic has had a huge impact on global value
chains - instead of proximity and efficiency, distance and security are the new order of the day.
Companies cut supply chains and relocate factories. Governments seal off their economies and
hoard vital products. Epidemics and pandemics have been threatening the human race time and
again. SARS, H1N1, Ebola, and more have shown their teeth in the past, but with each such
outbreak, we are learning new ways of fighting and managing such unexpected diseases that can
potentially kill millions of people. Technology cannot prevent the onset of the pandemics;
however, it can help prevent the spread, educate, warn, and empower those on the ground to be
aware of the situation, and noticeably lessen the impact. Today, with converging technologies like
mobile, cloud, analytics, robotics, AI/ML, 4G/5G, and high-speed internet, it has become possible
to test several innovative approaches to pandemic response.

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 Here, where ICT play a vital role:

 Robots and Chabot’s on the forefront: In Kaifu district (Hunan province), robots measure
body temperature, record data and disinfect the hands of employees in the morning when
they arrive at work. This improves the efficiency of controls and reduces labor costs. The
United States is not lagging behind in the deployment of digital solutions. The first person
diagnosed in the United States was thus treated by a few healthcare professionals, but also
by a robot, according to CNN Health. This robot, equipped with a stethoscope, takes the
vital signs of the man and communicates with him on a large screen.
 Using drones to deliver medical supplies: Drone delivery is being considered as one of the
safest and fastest ways to get medical supplies whenever they need to go during a disease
outbreak. There are examples like Terra Drones that are using their unmanned aerial
vehicles, in order to transport medical samples and quarantine material with minimal risk.
Also, drones are being used to patrol public spaces, track non-compliance to quarantine
mandates.
 Finding drugs: When a new pandemic strikes, the first question on everybody’s mind is if
there’s a drug to cure it or a vaccine to prevent it. The world is now desperate to find ways
to slow the spread of the corona virus and to find an effective treatment. ICT is becoming
an enabler to make the process faster. AI is playing an important role in suggesting
components of a vaccine by understanding viral protein structures, and helping medical
researchers scour tens of heaps of relevant research papers at an unprecedented pace.
 Tracking people with facial recognition and big data: In case of pandemic management,
big data analytics can help in quickly identifying infected individuals, connecting with
them, tracking who they have come in contact with, and so on. Facial recognition
technologies along with data can accurately identify people even if they are masked. Such
technologies can help in monitoring movement and tracking of people who are quarantined.
It can also help in keeping a tab on people and ascertaining whether or not they have been
in contact with an infected person. CCTV cameras along with facial recognition
technologies can help in identifying infected people who break the rules and step out
despite being quarantined.
 Contact-less movement and deliveries through autonomous vehicles, drones and robots:
Self-driving cars, drones and robots can all help at a time when the need is to avoid human
contact. Autonomous vehicles can be used to transport affected people to and from
healthcare facilities with ease, without risking the lives of healthy people. Robots can be
used for delivering grocery, cooking means, sterilizing hospitals and patrolling the streets.
Drones can be used for food deliveries, tracking population, carrying test kits and
medicines to quarantine locations, thermal imaging to identify infected people, spraying
disinfectant, and more. Many new areas and use cases are coming up where drones, robots
and autonomous vehicles are being used.
 Changes in the education system: Because of this pandemic situation the schools, colleges
and universities are closed in most of the countries, so to continue the study they go for
online classes. Because of online class students do not need to go outside for study. Online
courses give students the opportunity to plan study time around the rest of their day, instead
of the other way around. Students can study and work at their convenience. Course material
is always accessible online, making special library trips unnecessary.

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  Technology supported temperature monitoring: The wireless thermometer guns and other
similar infrared body temperature measuring devices have become the most important
medical equipment that are being used at checkpoints of offices, airports, hotels, hospitals,
train stations, shops, and other public places. These technologies assist in measuring the
body temperature from a distance and turn out to be effective in pinpointing the individuals
who might need further investigation. Automated thermal monitoring along with facial
recognition is making the process faster and more effective.
 Remote working technologies to support social distancing and maintain business
continuity: As pandemics or other calamities keep threatening the business world, working
from home ensures business continuity as well as facilitates social distancing. In such a
scenario, technologies that enable secure access to data, enterprise applications, virtual
meetings, cloud conferencing, and virtual/mixed/augmented reality are the forefront
leaders to ensure deliverables are not impacted. Remote working is a blessing that comes
due to technology and is one the greatest solution that helps us in social distancing.

Conclusion: A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and

operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware program. It has the ability to
accept data (input), process it, and then produce outputs. Computers can also store data for later
uses in appropriate storage devices, and retrieve whenever it is necessary. They are designed to
execute applications and provide a variety of solutions by combining integrated hardware and
software components.
The computer is an amazingly useful general-purpose technology, to the point that now cameras,
phones, thermostats, and more are all now little computers. This section will introduce major parts
and themes of how computer hardware works. "Hardware" refers the physical parts of the
computer, and "software" refers to the code that runs on the computer.
Hardware can be defined as the physical devices and equipment's of the computer that are required
for the computer to start and function. ... Without software, computers cannot be used. Hence, in
conclusion both "hardware and software" are vital for any computer system to work optimally.
Today the greatest risk of worldwide catastrophe is pandemic, an enormously infectious virus
that's more devastating and may kill many people. The transparency that we have gained through
this current COVID-19 situation, we now understand that we were not geared up for this
pandemic situation. The next pandemic is not a matter of “if it happens”, but “when it happens”,
would we be prepared in advance against the pandemic at an individual and collective level. What
we actually need is preparedness. Indeed, the ICT has advanced more and will continue to
advance exponentially, but the human institutions and societies need to accelerate in adapting
to it and continue investing in building the technology systems for the preparedness. After the
COVID-19 outbreak, it is evident that, from AI to robotics, the technology innovations are helping
to manage the epidemic and better equip to fight future public health emergencies in a timely,
systematic, and calm manner.

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Reference:

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4607/computer
https://turbofuture.com/computers/The-Four-Functions-Of-A-Computer
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/basic-parts-of-a-computer/1/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-hardware-and-software/
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/digital-infrastructure-public-health-
crisis-covid-19/

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