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Unit - I N.Parvin - Cg-Iiics: Overview of Graphics Systems

The document discusses the basic design and operation of cathode ray tubes (CRTs) used in graphics systems. It describes how CRTs work by emitting an electron beam that is focused and deflected to strike phosphors on the screen. The beam is refreshed rapidly to keep the screen illuminated. Raster and random scan displays are compared. Color CRTs use an electron gun and shadow mask to generate red, green, and blue phosphors for color images. High quality systems provide 24 bits per pixel for nearly 17 million colors. Head tracking devices can also be used to change viewing position based on user head movements.

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PARVIN NAVAB
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20 views

Unit - I N.Parvin - Cg-Iiics: Overview of Graphics Systems

The document discusses the basic design and operation of cathode ray tubes (CRTs) used in graphics systems. It describes how CRTs work by emitting an electron beam that is focused and deflected to strike phosphors on the screen. The beam is refreshed rapidly to keep the screen illuminated. Raster and random scan displays are compared. Color CRTs use an electron gun and shadow mask to generate red, green, and blue phosphors for color images. High quality systems provide 24 bits per pixel for nearly 17 million colors. Head tracking devices can also be used to change viewing position based on user head movements.

Uploaded by

PARVIN NAVAB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT – I N.

PARVIN – CG-IIICS

OVERVIEW OF GRAPHICS SYSTEMS

REFRESH CATHODE-RAY TUBES


• The primary output device in a graphics system is a video monitor.
• The operation of most video monitors is based on the standard cathode-ray tube (
CRT ) design.

BASIC DESIGN OF A MAGNETIC-DEFLECTION CRT

• A beam of electrons (cathode rays), emitted by an electron gun, passes through


focusing and deflection systems.
UNIT – I N.PARVIN – CG-IIICS
• That direct the beam toward specified positions on the phosphor-coated screen.
• The phosphor then emits a small spot of light at each position contacted by the
• electron beam.
• To keep the phosphor glowing is to redraw the picture repeatedly by quickly directing
the electron beam back over the same points. This type of display is called a refresh
CRT.
• The primary components of an electron gun in a CRT are the heated metal cathode
and a control grid.

OPERATION OF AN ELECTRON GUN WITH AN ACCELERATING ANODE

• Heat is supplied to the cathode by directing a current through a coil of wire, called the
filament, inside the cylindrical cathode structure.
• In the vacuum inside the CRT envelope, the free, negatively charged electrons are
then accelerated toward the phosphor coating by a high positive voltage.
• The accelerating voltage can be generated with a positively charged metal coating on
the inside of the CRT envelope near the phosphor screen, or an accelerating anode ,
can be used to provide the positive voltage.
• Intensity of the electron beam is controlled by the voltage at the control grid, which is
a metal cylinder that fits over the cathode.
• The brightness of a display point is controlled by varying the voltage on the control
grid.
• The focusing system in a CRT forces the electron beam to converge to a small cross
section as it strikes the phosphor.
• Focusing is accomplished with either electric or magnetic fields.
UNIT – I N.PARVIN – CG-IIICS

RASTER SCAN DISPLAYS


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RANDOM SCAN DISPLAYS


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• The phosphor dots in the triangles are arranged so that each electron beam can activate
only its corresponding color dot when It passes through the shadowmask.
• Another configuration for the three electron guns is an in-line arrangement in which the
three electron guns,and the corresponding red-green-blue color dots on the screen, are
aligned along one scanline.
• It is commonly used in high-resolution color CRTs.
• Color variations in a shadow-mask CRT by varying the intensity levels of the three
electron beam.
• By turning off two of the three guns, we get only the color coming from the single
activated phosphor (red, green, or blue).
• When all three dots are activated with equal beam intensities,we see a white color.
• Yellow is produced with equal intensities from the green and red dots only.
• Magenta is produced with equal blue and red intensities.
• Cyan shows up blue and green are activated equally.
• Color graphics systems can be used with several types of CRT display devices.
• Some inexpensive home-computer systems and video games have been designed for use
with a color TV set and an RF (radio-frequency) modulator.
• The RF modulator is to simulate the signal from a broadcast TV station.
UNIT – I N.PARVIN – CG-IIICS
• The color and intensity information of the picture must be combined and super imposed
on the broadcast-frequency carrier signal that the TV requires as input.
• Then the circuitry in the TV takes this signal from the RF modulator, extracts the picture
information, and paints it on the screen.
• Composite monitors are adaptations of TV sets that allow bypass of the broadcast
circuitry.
• These display devices still require that the picture information be combined, but no carrier
signal is needed.
• Color CRTs in graphics systems are designed as RGB monitors.
• These monitors use shadow-mask methods and take the intensity level for each electron
gun (red, green, and blue) directly from the computer system without any intermediate
processing.
• High-quality raster-graphics systems have 24bits per pixel in the frame buffer.
• Allowing 256 voltage settings for each electron gun.
• Nearly 17million color choices for each pixel.
• An RGB color system with 24 bits of storage per pixel is referred to as a full-color
system or a true-color system.
UNIT – I N.PARVIN – CG-IIICS
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• An ultrasound tracking device with six degrees of freedom.


• The tracking device is placed above the video monitor and is used to record head
movements.
• so that the viewing position for a scene can be changed as head position changes.

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