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Angular Measurement

This document discusses various tools used for angular measurement including vernier bevel protractors, sine bars, angle gauges, autocollimators, angle dekkors, clinometers, and spirit levels. It describes the components, principles of operation, uses, and limitations of each tool. Various methods of using these tools to measure angles of objects like V-blocks, tapers, and dovetails are also outlined.

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Jack John
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47 views

Angular Measurement

This document discusses various tools used for angular measurement including vernier bevel protractors, sine bars, angle gauges, autocollimators, angle dekkors, clinometers, and spirit levels. It describes the components, principles of operation, uses, and limitations of each tool. Various methods of using these tools to measure angles of objects like V-blocks, tapers, and dovetails are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Jack John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANGULAR MEASUREMENT

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


CONTENT

 Introduction
 Vernier bevel protractor
 Sine bar
 Angle gauge
 Autocollimator
 Angle dekkor

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Introduction

 Degree(), Minutes(‘), Seconds(“)


 Classification
 Line standard & End standard
 Direct & Indirect
 Precise & Non-precise

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Protractor

The surface of instrument should be parallel to surface of object to be measured

The reference line of protractor should be coincide perfectly with the reference line
Angle being measured
Observation should be perpendicular to plane of protractor to avoid parallax.

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Vernier bevel protractor

 Body
 Stock
 Working Edge
 l=90 mm, t=7 mm
 Straightness = 0.01 mm
 Blade
 l=150 or 300 mm
 w=13 mm
 t=2 mm
 Straightness = 0.02 mm
 Parallelism = 0.03 mm

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Parts


Vernier bevel protractor

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Types


Principle
23 Main Scale
LVD = × 60
12 1
LVD = 115 23

LC = 120’ – 115’
LC = 5’

(23/12)

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Vernier Scale


Vernier bevel protractor

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Reading


2815’

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


4545’
Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU
Vernier bevel protractor

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Use


Angle gauge

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Types


Angle gauge

 Length=76.2 mm
 Width = 15.87 mm
 Angle between lapped
faces within ± 2”
3536’12’’

2512’15’’

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Use


Sine bar

Features of Sine Bar


• The contact rollers must be of equal
diameter and true geometric
cylinders.

• The distance between the roller axes


must be precise and known, and
these axes must be mutually
parallel.

• The upper surface of bar must be


flat and parallel with the roller axes
and equidistance from each other.

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Principle of operation


Sine bar

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Use


Sine bar

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Types


Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU
Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU
Sine Center

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Sine Center


Sine Table

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Sine table


Application Sine Table

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Limitations of Sine bar

 It is impractical and inaccurate as angle exceeds 45


because
 Slight error in linear measurement causes large error in angular
measurement.
 The sin bar is physically clumsy to hold in position.
 The body of sine bar obstructs the gauge block stack, even if
relieved.
 A difference in deformation occurs at the point of roller and surface
plate because as angle is increases weight of sine bar shifts more and
more towards fulcrum roller.
 Temperature variation becomes more critical.

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Features of sine bar for accurate measurement

 The contact rollers must be of equal diameter and true


geometric cylinders.

 The distance between the roller axes must be precise and


known, and these axes must be mutually parallel.

 The upper surface of bar must be flat and parallel with the
roller axes and equidistance from each other.

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Spirit level

 Ether

=l/R

=h/L

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


 Generally graduations at 2.5 mm and each represents 10
seconds

  = l/R = h/L

 l = hR/L

 Sensitivity = (l/h)

 Unit conversion: 1 radian = 206265 seconds

 l = R/206265, if  is in seconds
Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU
Example

 If scale spacing l = 2 mm

 tube radius R = 206 m

  = 2 (206265) / 206000 = 2 seconds

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Clinometer

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Use of Clinometer

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Autocollimator

R2’ ɸ
θ+ɸ
R2 2ɸ
N2

θ+ɸ ɸ θ
N1
θ

R1

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Working Principle
Autocollimator

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Basic principle


Application of Autocollimator

 For Straightness measurement


 For Flatness measurement
 For Angle comparison

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Angle dekkor

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Working


Use of Angle dekkor

 Angle comparison with Angle dekkor

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU Use


 Angle measurement of V Block

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


 Measurement of conical taper

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Check the angle of tapered hole

Tapered ring gauge

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


To measure the angle of V-groove

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


To determine included ingle of an internal dovetail

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU
Taper testing machine

Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU


Angle and their supplements

90 90

70

70
Clockwise
90

Anticlockwise
Prof. Hiren Prajapati, ME, IT, NU

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