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Basic DC Circuits Experiment

This document describes an experiment on basic DC circuits using Kirchhoff's rules. The objectives are to measure currents in multi-loop circuits and develop proficiency in circuit wiring and measurements. The equipment includes resistors, batteries, multimeters, and a protoboard. Kirchhoff's junction rule states the sum of currents at a junction is zero. Kirchhoff's loop rule states the sum of voltage differences around a loop is zero. The procedure involves building two circuits on a protoboard, measuring resistances and currents/voltages, and plotting the results alongside theoretical calculations using Kirchhoff's rules.

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Tez Harriet
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© © All Rights Reserved
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174 views

Basic DC Circuits Experiment

This document describes an experiment on basic DC circuits using Kirchhoff's rules. The objectives are to measure currents in multi-loop circuits and develop proficiency in circuit wiring and measurements. The equipment includes resistors, batteries, multimeters, and a protoboard. Kirchhoff's junction rule states the sum of currents at a junction is zero. Kirchhoff's loop rule states the sum of voltage differences around a loop is zero. The procedure involves building two circuits on a protoboard, measuring resistances and currents/voltages, and plotting the results alongside theoretical calculations using Kirchhoff's rules.

Uploaded by

Tez Harriet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic DC Circuits – Kirchhoff’s Rules

OBJECTIVES
 To measure the currents in multi-loop circuits and compare the calculated currents with
measured currents.
 To develop a number of facility in wiring circuits and measuring voltages and currents.

EQUIPMENT
Variety of resistors, battery, multimeters, protoboard, adjustable power supply
Kirchhof’s rules
i. Junction rule which states that the algebraic sum of the currents in and out of any junction
is equal to zero. The wire currents that comes in the junction is positive and the currents
that comes out from the junction is negative. The formula is as follows:
a. ∑k ik = 0 (1)

ii. Loop rule which states that the algebraic sum of the voltage differences around any
closed circuit path (loop) is equal to zero. To find the sum, a direction of travel must be
chosen. The formula is as follows:
∑k Vk =0 (2)

PROCEDURE AND DATA ANALYSIS


A. Circuit 1
Use “Appendix- Protoboard Wiring as guide on the wiring diagram of typical protoboard to build
up circuits for this lab experiment.
1. Turn off the power supply and ensure its control knobs are all turn down. Use the
variable power supply.
2. Using a digital multimeter set for resistance measurement, measure the resistance
of the three resistore R1, R2, and R3.
R1=__________ R2=____________
R3=___________
3. Connect “Circuit 1 “on the protoboard and ensure that one of the digital
multimeter measures the voltage across the power supply while the other
measures the current through the R3 resistor.
4. Have the lab assistant look over the circuit before turning on the power supply.
5. Turn on the power supply and to find Voltage ε, measure the current through R3.
6. Adjust the voltage to approximately 1 volt and repeat this adjusting from 1 V to
11 V. Tabulate the values recorded.
7. Based on the measurements of the above step, Plot the current i3 as a function of
voltage 3.
8. To plot the estimated dependence of current i3 as a function of ε on the same
graph, use the analytical formula of equation (3).

B. Circuit 2
9. Turn off the power supply and ensure its control knobs are all turn down.
10. Connect “Circuit 2” on the protoboard. Replace the ammeter containing resistor
R3 in Circuit 1 with the variable power supply ε2. Ensure that the actual polarity is
in use and the voltmeter measures the voltage across the power supply. Replace
the variable power supply in circuit 1 with fixed power supply (battery ε1) and
once more ensure that the polarity is correct.
Move the ammeter containing R2 on the circuit branch.
11. Have the lab assistant look over the circuit before turning on the power supply.
12. Turn on the power supply. Measure the current through R2 as a function of the
voltage ε2. Adjust the voltage to approximately 1 volt and repeat this adjusting
from 1 V to 11 V. Tabulate the values recorded.
13. Based on the measurements of the above step, Plot the current i2 as a function of
voltage 2.
14. To plot the estimated dependence of current i2 as a function of ε on the same
graph, use the analytical formula of equation (4).

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