‘Part 6 DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS d(u") = nu®*du si 2) Ss ee LOGARITHMIC & EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS : sou Slog, 4) = ong du logig u) = logo eS = 0.434294 dinu) = u a") = a¥Inadu du’) = vuYgu + uY Inudv RIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 8.) = cos u du cos u) = “sin u du ~ csc? udu Differential Calculus d(arccos u) = - dfarctan y) = 14 i+u? dfarccot u) = -—4H 1+? du (arcsec u) = uvu? 1 du uy? ~1 dlarcese u) = - HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS (sinh u) = cosh u du d(coth u) = - csch?udu d(cosh u) = sinh u du di(sech u) = -sech u tanh u du d{(tanh u) = sechudu d(csch u) = -csch u coth u du cosh x= 2S sech x= Ce coshx tanh x = Sec u tan u du CSc u cot u du wlENGINEERIN' au. qos)" Tay ee cree) * au - ue afarccot u) = ay 1-w du dfarecsch u) = ain re arcinnx® Wars? +) 1 x+l arch x= Ltt arccosh x = wel? =) tevi-x? x aresech x = In arctan x = Lind+* 2 1-x hat areesch x= Int tVtX x59 x SLOPE OF THE CURVE The slope of the curve Y= f(x) at fal he dave oe fon % ery RATE OF CHANGE The derivative of @ function rate of {s identical . Thus, to its the volume (V) of a she, tate of change of ts radus (1) avjor. SM Fespect to \G MATHEMATICS For Licensure Ey, my CURVATURE AND Rapy, OF CURVATURE 8 CURVATURE Curvature refers to the rate of chay direction of the curve. Thus, a greg the smaller radius has great curvature "ia sharply curved. Os The curvature, K, ofthe curve y= fy © PP? where y” is the second derivative of ty function, and ly"| is the absolute or postive value of y”. RADIUS OF CURVATURE The radius of curvature, p, is the recinoca of the curvature, k, or: et. beyypt ek eM CIRCLE OF CURVATURE ‘At any point on a curve y = f(x), where ‘and y" exist and y" # 0, there Is assocated with the curve a circle, which is called the circle of curvature with the followin equation: (xn + y-KP=P J The center (h, k) and radius r of the uve is: a keys LH? ¥ =p -teyyr? oihe graph of a function y = f(x) may be plotted using calculys. Consider the graph Shown below. As x increases, the curve rises if the slope is positive, as on the arc AB; it falls if the slope is negative, as on the arc BC. MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM POINTS At a point such as B, where the function is algebraically greater than that at any neighboring point, the point is said to have a maximum value, ‘and the point is called a maximum point.’ Similarly, at D the function has a minimum value. At a maximum or minimum points, the tangent is horizontal or the slope is zero. This does not necessarily mean that at these points the function is maximum or minimum. Itdoes only mean that the tangent is parallel tothe x-axis. The points at which dy/dx = 0 ae called critical points, and the ‘corresponding values of x are critical values. The second derivative of a function is the fate of change of the first derivative. It follows that as x increases and y" is positive, Y is increasing and the tangent turns in a Counterclockwise direction and the curve is “Oncave upward. When y" is negative, ¥’ ek Sand the tangent tums in @ pone rection and the curve is concave rd. LY = 0 and y"is negative (y“<0), the point ry aximum point. Y= 0 and y" is positive (y">0), the point “2minimum point, 299 POINTS OF INFLECTION, Ce cee AMESON is point at which the concave down 2 coneave “upward. t E from Gondor vice verse fore point tangent (re, QUE). "At these pants the fangent changes is rotyiNese,bamnts, the © counterclockwise or vice nero" HOCKWISE APPLICATIONS OF MAXIMA. AND MINIMA ANDMINMA ‘AS an example, the area of a J rectany expressed in terms ofits length aa waa nay also be expressed in terms of the cost of fencing. Thus, the area can be expressed as A = f(x). The common task here is to find the value of x that will give 3 maximum value ofA. To find this valve, we set dA/de STEPS IN SOLVING MAXIMA MINIMA PROBLEMS: 1. Identify the variable to be maximized or minimized, say area A. 2. Express this variable in terms of the other relevant variable(s), say A = f(x,y). 3. If the function shall consist of more that one variable, expressed it in terms of fone variable (if possible) using the conditions in the problem, say A = f(x) 4, Differentiate and equation to zero, dA/dx = 0. Example ‘A food manufacturer packages his product in Liter cans that are right oreuar cylinders. If the material for the top costs five t ‘much per square centimeter as that used for the bottom and side, find the dimension of the can if the cost of the materials to be minimum. Solutio ie to be minimized i the cost. ie 7 total cost of materials * = cost of materials for the sides nd * bottom 5k = cost of matenals at the top x = radius of the cylinder y = height of the cylinderENGINEERING MATHEMATICS For Licensure For maximum area of a cs ons window surmounted on ae et vce ema! ne + day) «ke eee Cr Bp ae in terms of x: ooresy = 1 liter = 1000 crn? volume y= 1000 /(x x= Jab (COMMON VARIABLE Minimum length L of a line tangent to RELATIONSHIPS FOR Clonee) MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM fi VALUES Minim ee oe L=a+b it z % maximum xray.ENTIAL CALCULUS yo", arveter fen y x 4eY (a square) of rectangle, the square has the sage 20 rerineet of etandle,te square eee minimum total surface area fa gum enst) for Known volume or (nigrum volume for known total area surface D Diameter = height formaximum volume of a rectangular box with given sum of all edges or siven total area xey=2 (a cube) fora rectangle of maximum area oF hermeter that can be cut from a circle Tadius r *=Y (@ square) ro OFFER oe perimeter of 0 = recta 1 imum Pr for maximum area fo | FOF maximum volume of an open rectangular box of known surface area: 1. For the strongest rectangula that can be cut from log of radius d=bv3 For a trapezoidal gutter of known width with maximum capacity x=2y ‘Analf-regular hexagon For maximum volume of a right circular cone with known lateral area: be largest rectangle that can For tped in an ellipse302 he jest cylinder that can Woe W/ 3 est rectangle that can be cut from Sgiven triangle Longest beam that can pass through an intersection “ LPs P42 Smallest cone circumscribing a sphere of radius r 2 sin @ = 1/3 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS For Licensure & Xam, TIME RATE: The derivative of a function of the instantaneous rate & Sa value of the function relative to ie oye the If Q = f(t), where t represey dQ/dt for any value of tate time, they instantaneous rate of change of thes the Q relative to the time t. e any BASIC TIME RATES 1 ds T = Velocity, v t where S is the distance Acceleration, a = iv at av Discharge, Q = — ischarge, Q at where V is the volume at any time Angular Speed, w = 2 where @ is the angle at any time«DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUs path 7 <= ue mui J bel “sie Caer) —— i teen 3 (ME October 1997) problem is given below, what x value maxim aun FY Hee Dye mize y? a 2.23 ce Bl D1 | problem 2 (CE May 1999) number of newspaper copies distri ee t is in years. Find the minimum abe by C= 50-9 — 200t Opies cistbuted fom’ 19954 002. A. 9850 Cun HS 9800 D. 7500 problem 3 (ME October 1996) Gwen the following profit-versus-production function for a certain ‘commodity: t P = 200000 - x- (22 6 fer) where P is the profit and x is unit of production. Determine the maximum profit. ‘A. 190000 Cc. 250000 B. 200000 ©. ss0000 Problem 4 (ME April 1996) i The cost C of a product is a function of the quantity x of the product is given by the relation: C(x) = x2 - 4000x + 50. Find the quantity for which the cost 's a minimum. A. 3000 C. 1000 8. 2000 D. 1500 Problem 5 (ME APRIL 1998) y= xto he 3" power - 3x. Find the maximum value of y- A : 8 4 D.2 oblem the other 5 Ode 170 at two parts so that the product of n° coal aim "mum, Find the numbers. c m8 4 100.8 20 ae of their squares. then”, the minimum value of the sum x sum of two numbers is C, find c c/s cp b. C8 8 Clqrt es ENGINEERING MATHEMATIC Fort, ensy, He ay 320 m8 yffered a tour that will cost each P15 yency of 00, Rown tae vl Join, however fecone ca make te ye ced Py than rn excess of 150. How many persone Wi) 3 maxim, She A a D. 250 B15 on and B are 8 km and 12 km, respectively, north of a river Whi Two east. City B being 15 km east of A. A pumping station is to be cong“? tng the river) to supply water for the two cities. Where should the station, ned at that the amount of pipe is a minimum? let ‘A. 3 km east of A C. 9 km east of A B. 4km east of A D. 6 km east of A } Problem 10 jatman is at A, which is 4.5 km from the nearest point B on a straight shore Nenesto reac in minimum time, a point C situated on the shore 9 km from g et from C should he land ihe can row atthe rate of 6 Kph and walk at the rate of 7—)¥'# Koh Bohm D. 8km Probk 11 : The shortest distance from the point (5,10) to the curve x? = 12y is: . 4.331 C. 5.127 B. 3.474 D. 6.445 Problem 12 (ECE April 1998) A statue 3 m high is standing on a base of 4 m high. If an observer's eye is 15m above the ground, how far should he stand from the base in order thatthe aye subtended by the statue is a maximum? A. 3.41m Cc. 371m B. 3.51m D. 4.41m Problem 13 ‘An iron bar 20 m long is bent to form a Closed plane area. What is the largest at Possible? A. 21.56 square meter C. 28.56 square meter B. 25.68 square meter a D. 31.83 square meter Problem 14 (CE November 1996) A Norman window is in the shape of rectangle re surmounted by a semi-crc 's the ratio of the width of the rectangle to the total “height 0 that it wily window admitting the most light for a given Perimeter? B23 o neCaer. IFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 321 5( £1996) problem field is to be fenced into four equal parts. What is the size of the 9) be fenced thi f the C jat can WS way with a fencing length of 1500 feet if t frgest ld 1 rae to one side 2 a 300 C. 64,500 62,500 D. 63,500 em 16 (ECE November 1997) ede of a trapezoid are each 8 cm | long. How long is the 4" side, when the tof the trapezoid has the greatest value? ara gc C 12m B. 15cm D. 10 cm problem 17 an open top rectangular tank with square bases is to have a volume of 10 cubic meters. The material for its bottom cost P 150.00 per square meter, and thar hee the sides is P 60.00 per square meter. The most economical height is A. 2 meters C. 3 meters B. 2.5 meters D. 3.5 meters Problem 18 (CE May 1999) See pox having a square base and open at the top is to have a capacty of 16623 cc. Find the height of the box to use the least amount of matertal A. 16.14cm Cc. 18.41 am 8. 32.28.cm D. 28:74am Problem 19 (ECE Board March 1996, November 1998) The altitude of a cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a right circular Cone of radius r and height h is: A hy3 C. 3h/2 B. 2h/3 D. hy/4 Problem 20 (CE May 1997) What is the least amount of tin sheet, in Sq. inches, that can be made into a closed findrical can having a volume of 108 cu. inches? A. 125 square meter C. 150 square meter 8. 137 square meter D. 120 square meter Problem 21 (CE May ber 1999) m y 1998, November 1999. Volume of the closed cylindrical tank is 11.3 cubic meter. If the total surface ea ‘72 minimum, what is its base radius, in m? 44 © 1.22 8. Leg D. 1.66 problem 22 mafandrical steam boiler is to be constructed having a capacity of 1000 cu. m. The penal for the sides cost P2000.00 per square meter and for the ends P3000.00 ASWare meter, Find the radius 50 that the cost ts least, A 352m C. 4.73 m 8. 412m D. 5.25m Kies csENGINEERING MATHEMAT 322 23 (ME APRIL 1998) Soest be constructed from a piece of zinc 20 Squares from each comer and turning up the ane ches Square by cy © form the sige Uttin volume of the largest box that can be so constructed? ©. What! ta he ‘A. 599.95 cubic inches C. 592.59 Cubic inche: B. 579.50 cubic inches D. 622.49 cubic inches Problem 24 A load of 40 KN 1s to be raised by means of a lever weighing 259 i supported at ong end. If the load is placed 1 m from the Support how Which i the lever be so that the force required be minimum? : 99 shoug A1343m C. 18.56 m B. 2019m. * D. 17.89 m Problem 25 (ME April 1998) As x increases uniformly at the rate of 0.002 feet Per sec 0nd, at what rate expression (1 + x) to the 3" power increasing when x becomes 8 teat 3 1 the A. 430 cfs C. 0.486 cts B. 0,300 cfs D. 0.346 cfs Problem 26 (ME April 1998) Frey Gistance a body travels 1s a function of time and is given by x(t) = 16, +e Find its velocity at t'= 3. A. 64 C54 8. 56 D. 44 Problem 27 The distance traveled by a train is given by the equation x = 3 the distance in kilo + 2t +4 where xis meters and t is the time it in hours. Determine the velocity of the train after travelling 10 kilometers. A. 8.72 Kph C. 23.5 kph B. 18.72 Kph D. 75.3 Kph Problem 28 (CE May 1998) ‘An object moves along a strai ight line such that, after t minutes, its distance from s starting point is D = 20t 45 /(t + 1) meters, ‘At what speed, in m/minute wilt be Moving at the end of 4 minutes? A. 39.8 © 298 8. 49.8 D. 19.8 Problem 29 (CE May 1996) The speed of the traffic flowing past a certain downtown exit between the hours o 1:00 P.M. and 6:00P.M. is approximately V = t? 10.5t’ + 30t + 20 miles per hoy there ¢ = number of hours past noon.” What is the fastest speed of the Lat between 1:00 P.M. and 6:00 P.M. in mph? A. 50 © 325 B. 46 D. 52323 tem 30 probler? im due north of a bus at 2: Ryans 7 69 Kph and the bus is traygC’P-™-_If the van is traveling northward at el os the two be separating at 5:00 p.m 99 Westward at the rate of 75 Kph, how fast ie 36 Kph A. 85.3 C. 98.65 kph . 96.04 Xph D. 102.54 kph 1 (CE May 1997) problem 3 drives east from point A at 30 Kph. Ay Ga fives S 30° W toward A at 60 kph. Bie ap tee, ae. aisance ee the two cars changing after one he from A. How fast in Kph A. 76. C.°75.94 Koh g, 78.94 Kph D. 77.94 kph problem 32 (CE November 1996) Acar starting at 12:00 noon travels west at a speed of 30 Koh. A m the same point at 2:00 PM travels north |. Another car starting erating at 4:00 PM? at 45 Kph. Find how fast the two are A SS © 51 B. 57 D. 53 Problem 33 (CE May 1996) Two railroad tracts are perpendicular with each other. At 12:00 P.M. there is a train on each track approaching the crossing at 50 Kph, one being 100 km., the other 150 km. away from the crossing. How fast in Kph is the distance between the two trains changing at 4:00 P.M.? ‘A. 68.08 C. 69.08 B. 67.08 D. 70.08 Problem 34 (ECE April 1998) balloon is rising vertically over a point A on the ground at the rate of 15 ft/sec. A point B on the ground is level with and 30 ft. from A. When the balloon is 40 ft. from A, at what rate is its distance from B changing? ‘A. 10 ft/s C. 13 fYs B. 12 fl/s D. 15 fY¥s Problem 35 A hemispherical dome has a diameter of 100m. A searchlight was placed at a point A located ‘at the circumference at the base. At the middle of the dome at B, a talloon was released vertically at a velocity of 4 m/s. How fast is the shadow of the balloon move along the roof when the balloon is 25 m high A. 6.4 m/s C. 7.2 m/s B46 ms Chae Probl ae 0000, The estan ¥ from the origin a time ts given by y = -16t' + 3000t + 50000, ‘nd the initial velocity when t = 0- c. 5300 AO . 8. 3000 eicical yi.ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS For Licensure Exg 324 ating, em 37 Problem 37. flying horizontally at an altitude of 9000 m. An obsery An airplane f elevation of t ron ea that when the angle of elevation of the plane ts 600, the {ground notic 15 radians/second. What is the veloc + the a decreases atthe rate of 0.15 radians/second. What ist Ht Of the airplane goomis D. 1800 m/s problem 38 Fro surface area of the sphere (initially zero) increases uniformly at the rate of sa. em. per second. Find the rate at which the radius is increasing after i seconds. ‘A. 0.59 cm/sec C. 0,509 cm/sec B. 0.62 cm/sec D. 0.52 cm/sec Problem 39 (ECE November 1995) The height of a right circular cylinder is 50 inches and decreases at the rate of 4 inches per second, while the radius of the base is 20 inches and increases at the rate of one inch per second. At what rate is the volume changing? A. 11310 cu, in./sec . 11130 au. in,/sec B. 1275.au, in/sec D. 1257 au. in/sec , Problem 40 (CE November 1998) There is a constant inflow of a liquid into a conical vessel 15 feet deep and 7.5 feet in diameter at the top. Water is rising at the rate of 2 feet per minute when the water is 4 feet deep. What is the rate if inflow in cu. ft. per minute? A.B.14 C. 9.33 8.7.46 D. 6.28B . Solutions to Set 19 WF ge value of y is maximum when dy/dx = 0 (y' = 0) Ryte a oK= 5 0 lye ax-2 wnen oo ax-2= O;x= 1 ap 2 ©. sot?-200t + 10000 aC _ 100 t- 200 = 0; t= 2 dt = 50(2)? - 200(2) + 10000 = 9800 mB 3 P= 200000 - x - (24) oP 4. (22) -ll_ 4 ox 1+x) (1+x) g(1.1)® (1+x)? 8(1.1)8 = (1 + x)? ; x = 0.371 199,999.46 UB P = 200000 - 0.371 - ( a 140.371 ~ 4000x + 50 de = 2x- 4000 =0;x= 2000 MB At maximum y, dy/dx = 0 Widk = 3-3 =0,x = +1 re determine the maximum and minimum points, y is maximum if the ‘ond derivative y” is negative and is minimum when y’ is positive. 12-3; y" 6x326 me 7 Qs Qs errr re," ENGINEERING MATHEMA TICS For t) eens Atx=+1 6(1) = +6 (minimum) 6(-1) = = 1 (maximum) “IP = 3(-1)=-143=2 ap Let x and y be the numbers, then: X+Y= 120, ory = 120-x Product, P = y x = (120 ~ x) x2 P= 1200-0 dP/dx = 240x — 3x? = 9 x = 80 and y = 40 a Let x and y be the number, then x + y Gt y=x4 (C- x? C+ C20 +x? x? - 20x + C Cory=C-x a = 4% 2C=0;x= 02 s (Cl2)? = 2C(C/2) +2 (C/4) -.C + CP = C2 BA Let x be the number of persons above 150, Total number of persons = 150 + x Cost per person = 1500 - 5x Profit, 150 + x)(1500 ~ 5x) 225000 + 750x ~ 5x’ aP/dx = 750 - 10x = 0; x = 75 Number of persons = 150 + 75 = 225 ac Lexty x= VB? +2? y= i2?+(05-2) L= Ve?+z? + fiz +(15-z)? Ou ez, 20s 2-1) fo Nee 2yi44 + (15-2)? a = Vea +2? 144 + (15-2)?10 5 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 3. square both sides of E 27 ) 2? = —225-30z+2? ae 144 + 225-3024 27 ze 302 + 369) aor + 2892 - 19207 + 14400 302) + 3692” = 24 - 302 ie 19202 - 14400 = 9 * 2892" - 19202 + 14400 1920+ 4920)? 4(60)-14400) Ze 2(80) —=6km gD From the figure shown: Total time of travel, T = t, +t, = So. eas? 5 i)=0 ot ax 9 as m2 f ne + 20.25 75 «| 7.5x = 6 vx? + 20.25 square both sides 56.25 x? = 36(x? + 20.25) 20.25 x? = 729; x =6km;9-x=3km HB The distance, d between two points is given by the formula: # = (0 -x1)? + (27? where: x)= 5, yo = 10; *1 =% Yi = X/12 x = 5)? + (2/12 - 10)? (1) = 2(x = 5)(1) + 2GE/12 - 10)(2x/12) = X-5 + x72 - 5x/3 = 0 - 48x - 360 = 0 By trial and error, x = 9.31 Inq. (1); G2 =(9.31 - 5)? +[(9.31)'/12 - 107 = 26.288 d = 5.127 unitsG MATHEMATICS For Lice nua Ey ENGINEE RIN £2) 37 gsi? 55_ = 2.2tanu wan ott) = 2.5cote morane = 220008 i rtgna = 22 ne 22 tan 0 tan’ wa o+ 2.210" otan’a = 1.2 tana tan 0 >() ' © \ee Jay | te |" pitferentiate Ea (2: ; atanasec? a)~ (1+ 2.2tan? all.2sec" eee sect (de) * 1.2tana(4 0 (a/da) = (14 2.2tan? @)? seca - 1.25070 = 2.64 tana seca = 5.28 tan? tan acta = 1.2 sec’ 2.64 tan? tan’a = 1.2/2.64 a = 33.9878" = 35 cot 33.9878" = 3708" ac ‘This can also be solved Using the relationship that for 0 to be maximn, the value of x= Vab = 55.5) = 3.708m ; 313 Fora given perimeter (20 m), the Figure that will give the largest area is the dire. Then; ib = ann = 20; ¢ = 3:183™ ‘Area = nt” (3.183)" = 31.83 sa. ™- aD m1 most light, maximize its area: For the window to admit the Az (2xXYy) + 2 x A= dy ae p= 2x + 2y + mx = constant y= ¥2(P- 2x - xx) A= Daf ValP- 2x mx)] + Yor? Rabe oe ee bean A= Px 2x? Vonx? aA : me = 4x = nx = 0; P= 4x + P= dx + 2y + me = 4x + x xgc ren cALcULus, 5 or ¥=% met Me ne base of the rectar ys, the Ingle equals the height of the window, spore the TabO OF te wath to the heghts 1. SA xx 45. a given perimeter, the square has v wee a3. Hence the rectangular tiegbe a square and divided as shown: 72 ng of fencing = 12 (x/2) = 1500 Leng co x2 2 as i 2.16 anthe figure shown, the fourth Bsn0 8am _B sno + Fie is 8 + 26 sin 0 : 8an ig / Ban area ofthe trapezoid is: Toe re Gas Ot HCG Sin ONS cos 0) x 2 ‘A= 64 0050 + 64 sin 0 cos 0 Ban Differentiate A with respect to @ and equate to ue = Aso) sno an0) + co50 (as) 1 = 0 sin @ ~ Sit Shecave ties =O 2sin’9 + sinO-1= 0 (sine - 1X sin @ + 1) = 0 Top width = 8 + 16 sin 30° = 16 an a Qu Leta be the dimension of the square base arg e the height ‘base area x 150 + lateral8 7° nimize the total surface area: A=x + any V=xy = 16823 16823 y= 20823 x 2+ 4x 16823 _ | 67292 x? x 67292 oe = 0; x = 33646 x= 32.28 16823 = oS = 16.14 ics 3)? cm ae Dis V= my Expressing y in terms of x: XY Lh mx Ar vate Vane (Bey) y= f (r- 21/3) Y= h/3 (altitude of cylinder) Q 20 BA ' For the closed cylinder of base diameter D and height H: A=2x qo + DH =CALCUI pirFERENTIAL us os we 2 a = al H= 76.16)" ook Least surface area = 2x 7 (5.16)? + x (5.16)(5.16) Least surface area = 125.54sq.m. A te: For a closed cylinder of known volume, th wen its diameter (D) ts equal to its height (H). Ao, for a close eynder of known surface area, the volume is maximum when boi ga ‘This problem is similar to Problem 20 For a closed cylindrical tank of a given volume, the total minimum if the diameter D equals the altitude hr” eine 11.3 = 50%; D = 2.432 m= 2r r=1216m = «BC O22 Cost, C = (x x? x 2)(3000) + (2n x y)(2000). ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS For : Licensure g, B the igure From 30 2x)(20 - 2x) x vo ‘eo “+ 4x2)x = 400x — 80x? + 4x? dV = 4g0 - 160x + 12x” = x — (160) + y(-160)* = 4(12)(400) _, = (160) + ¥{-160)" x= 2(12) x= 160280 = 10 (absurd) and x = 3.333,(0K) Maximum volume = 400(3.333) ~ 80(3. 333)’ + 440333) Maximum volume = 592.59 cubic inches Giz W = 250L Mo = 0 F (L) = 40000(1) + 250L(L/2) - F = 40000/L + 125L To minimize the value of F, differentiate F with respect to L and equate to zero. 40000/L? + 125 = 0 40000; L = 17.89 m Lety = (14x) aye = 3(L + x)? dxdt iven that dx/dt = 0.002 feet per second and x = 8 feet, dy/at = 3(1 + 8)*(0.00. ay/at = eee Let S = x(t) = 16t + 8¢ Velocity = dS/dt Velocity = dS/dt = 16 + 16t Att Velocity = 16 + 16(3)=64 BA Qa Distance, x = 302 + 2t +4 Velocity: d/dt = 6t + 2 when x = 10 10 = 3 + 2+ 4; 32 + 2t +6 =0:t= +2= ae Velocity = dt = 6(1.i2) + 2'= 8.72 gin Laz bwNTIAL CALCULUS 433 aft of the object Aye time is dDjat, 1 me 9 ot + S/ (t+ 1 gD 220-- ae (t+)? en t= 45 5 dD 2 20- —-- = 198 m/min aD BY | _p- 10.50? + 30t + 20 a. = 3t?-21t +30 =0 oh (at ont- 2 eee and t=5 When v = oy = 10.5(2)° + 30(2) + 20 = 46 Kph When t = 5 V = (5)? — 10.5(5)? + 30(5) + 20 = 32.5 Kph Therefore; the fastest speed of the traffic is 46 Kph B From the figure shown: 75 t)? + (5 + 60 t)? 625t? + 25 + 60Ot + 360017 S$? = 9225t? + 600t + 25 > (1) 25 ds/at = 18450t +600 > (2) At5 pm (t = 3), from Eq. (1) 232253) + 600(3) + 25 § = 291.29 75 Kph 4. (2) sat. 29) Soa te = "hatter! + 600 -_ as/dt = j mB 7st B From the figure shown: at) cos 60% $2 Gout 30 - 60t)? - 2(30t)(30 - Sto sot 1 3600 - 900 + 18000 So oote. 4500t+900 > (1) se = 12600 t - 4500 >)334 O33 “ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS For Licensy, eB, am hour (t = 1) ‘After one 6300 (1)? - 4500 (1) + 900 1.961 km In Eq. (2): : 451.961) $= 12600(1) ~ 4500 dS ©& = 77.943 Kph aD dt Let t = any time after 2:00 pm 5 = distance between the cars at any time t From the figure shown: S2 = (45t)? + (30t + 60)? S? = 2025? + 900 t? + 3600 t + 3600 g2 = 2925 P + 3600t + 3600 > (1) se = 5850t + 3600 > (2) ‘At 4:00 pm, t = 2 = a 3002) = 66 Solve for S in Eq. (1): S? = 2925(2)' + 3600(2) + 3600; S= 150m In Eq. (2) os Ps 21180) SP = 9850(2) + 3600; SP = Let t be any time after 12 p.m. The distance between the trains at any time is: wae Sf = (150 ~ S0t)? + (100 - 50)? 'S? = 22500 - 15000t + 2500t” @ + 10000 - 10000t + 25001? S* = 5000 t? - 25000 t + 32500 Differentiate S with respect to t: sf = 10000t - 25000 ‘At 4:00 p.m, : ? = 5000(4)? - 25000(4) + 3: S = 111.803 km J reat 45t “ Wan,RENTIAL CALCULUS olFFE! 16 ene 335 then; ds 2(111.803) > = 10000(4) ~ 25000 9S. ~ 67.08 Kph as at ox the triangle shown: From gay’ + 30° SWIC = 15 tps ty Find dS/dt when y = 40° gay +30? 25 dS/dt = 2y dy/dt When y = 40, S = 50’, then; 50 dS/dt = 40(15) dS/dt = 12 fps @ B Required: dS/dt when y = 25 m The rate the balloon rises is dy/dt = 4 m/s S= 50x 20 = 1009 In right triangle ADB: “ano W56 0 = arctan (y/50) S= 100 arctan (y/50) 8S 199 (1/50)(4y /at) 4 ae 100 L/S0Ay/at) ig at T+ (y/S0y "14 57507 O45 A Distance, y = -16t? + 3000t + 50000 Veloaty, v = dy/dt = -32t + 3000 = 3000 OB When 0 = 60°, do/dt = -0.15 rad/sec #9 Sem Velocity of the airplane = dx/dt *= 9000 cot @ depot = 9000 (- csc 9 aoyaty =o (csc? 60°)(-0.15) Set = 1600 gs OO) i)rtace are of sphere, Ay = 4 2) GaJat = Bxt dr/dt = 26 ster 2 seconds: Mera, = 26(2) = 52cm? 52; = 2.034 ant substitute r to Eq. (1): supsgn(2.034) tid 26 dr/at = 0.509 cm/s ac ven(ryh qv dh M = (gh +h Org] f= 50, dhvdt =-4, r= 20, dr/dt = 1 BY. g(20)-4) + 50(2K20NA)] ale at = 1257 cu. in/sec. 2D ‘The volume of water at any time is: j—_ 75 —¥ By ratio and proportion: x _75. y 15 ZGXAQ) = 6.28 /min BD