International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume – 01, Issue – 08, November – 2016, PP – 42-48

“STUDY ON REGULAR AND IRREGULAR BUILDING

STRUCTURES DURING AN EARTHQUAKE”
Naveen. G.M1, Chaya. S2
1- Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering college, Chamarajanagara
2- Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, EIT college, Chamarajanagara

Abstract: Multi-storeystructures construction by Reinforced Concrete are Subjected to most dangerous seismic
waves during earthquakes .The main reason found that RCC building failure is caused due to Irregularity in its
plan dimension and lateral force distribution. In this paper study is made to find the Response of the Regular and
Irregular Structures having plan Irregularity located in Seismic zone V.In the Present Study, Analysis has been
made by taking 10 storey building by Response Spectrum Method using ETABS 2015 and IS Code 1893:2002
(part 1).Analysis can be performed for Regular and Irregular Buildings and a height of 35.5 m in zone V by
using Response Spectrum Analysis method. Behavior of structures will be found by comparing the responses in
the form of maximum storey displacement, storey drift, storey stiffness, periods and frequencies of modes
during earthquake. Presently there are six models. One is Regular structure and remaining are Irregular
structural models, all models have different shape but having same area. An attempt is made to study the
structural behavior of 3Dimensional (3D) 10 storeys RC frame building considering the primary loads and their
Combinations with appropriate load factor.
Keywords: Horizontal irregularity,Soft storey, Earthquake load, storey shear, maximum storey displacement,
maximum storey drift.

I. INTRODUCTION
Structure is subjected to Earthquake seismic forces are developed during earthquake. Structure is
experienced there seismic forces. Seismic forces develops the seismic waves there waves reaches the structure
during earthquake. They produce ground motions in the structure. Earthquake is the rapid movement of the earth
surface. It takes place naturally at or below the surface of the earth. The earthquake takes place the layers of the
soil surfaces in the earth. The earthquake takes place the layers of the soil surfaces in the earth also displaced.
When the structure is subjected to ground motions during earthquake the vibrations are occurred the structure
will be responds. When the ground motions occurred it should effects the structure in three perpendicular
directions. In the three perpendicular directions one is vertical direction (Z) and other two are off horizontal
directions (X & Y).The ground motions are occurred the structure get shaking in three directions. The structure
is mostly affected by the horizontal direction of shaking. All the structures are designed to satisfy the gravity
loads that acted in vertical directions. In the design specifications safety factors to be considered for the design
because of this most of the structures tend to be adequately protected against vertical shaking. In general
building structures are not susceptible particularly to the vertical ground motions. But it effects to be considered
in mind in the design of RCC structural members like RCC columns, steel column connections and beams.
Acceleration in the vertical direction also considered in structures with the large span and also stability of
structures also is considered in the overall stability analysis of structures.
When the building structure is designed for considering only the vertical ground motions in general this
design is not safe. This not satisfies the horizontal ground shaking. In generally the forces generated due to
Horizontal ground motions of earth is taken as important for the design of the structures. Therefore it is
important that the structure is designed to resist the forces acting horizontally due to earthquake. When the
building structure is resist on soil surface. The ground surface is displaced or move due to earthquake the
structure base is also moves with it but roof has tendency to stay with its original position. Since the roofs and
foundations are connected with the columns and walls. During the designing of the building according to the
codes the lateral force is considered in two orthogonal horizontal directions of the structure. Many of the
building structure have irregularities in both the plan and elevation. Buildings consisting of asymmetrical
distribution of strength, stiffness and mass suffer severe damage during earthquakes.

II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 In this study focus on the behavior of structures during earthquake having irregularities in plan and
having same area.

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume – 01, Issue – 08, November – 2016, PP – 42-48

 To study the parameters of storey shear, storey displacements, Maximum storey drift of all models
during earthquake.
 To study the frequencies and periods in different modes.

III. MODEL OF THE STRUCTURES

3.1 Parameters consider
In the present study three different buildings, regular and irregular buildings in whichsoft storey is
provided at bottom storey level are modeled using ETABS (9.7.4) package and analyzed. The properties of the
considered building configurations in the present study are summarized below.

Table 1. Parameters Considered For The Building Design

Parameter Type\Value
Structure Type RCC Building Structure
Number of Stories 10
Bottom Storey Height 4m
Top Storey Height 3.5m
Type of Structure Regular , Irregular Building
Structure
Area of Structure 1600 m2
Bay Width in both direction 5m
Beam Size 0.2mX0.45m
Grade of Concrete M20
Column Size 0.3mX0.9m
Grade of Concrete M25
Thickness of Slab 0.12m
Concrete Brick Thickness 0.2m
Live Load 4 KN\m2
Seismic Zone V ( Z=0.36 )
Importance Factor 1.5
Response Reduction Factor 5
Soil Type II

3.2 Analysis of the structures

Following models are analyzed as special moment resisting frame using response spectrum analysis

Fig1: Plan& 3d view of model 1

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume – 01, Issue – 08, November – 2016, PP – 42-48

Fig 2: Plan &3d view of model 2

Fig 3: Plan & 3d view of model 3(Irregular building)

3.2 LOAD COMBINATIONS

Analysis can be done for all the loads of 20 combinations by using ETABS out of which the maximum load
can be considered for result comparison is

 (1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2EQY)

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSIONS

The results are presented by plotting the graph for each models considered in the study. The analysis
carried out by the Response spectrum analysis. The result of periods and frequencies, maximum storey drift,
storey maximum displacements, storey shear is presented for all models. In this study regular building is
compared with irregular building the performance of the models is observed in high seismic zone V.

4.1 PERIODS OF MODES OF VIBRATION

Table 2. Periods of modes of vibration
mode no model 1 model 2 model 3
1 2.794 2.864 2.766
2 2.212 2.622 2.283
3 2.139 2.052 2.133
4 0.914 0.935 0.905
5 0.686 0.846 0.706
6 0.643 0.62 0.64

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume – 01, Issue – 08, November – 2016, PP – 42-48

7 0.53 0.539 0.524
8 0.366 0.479 0.376
9 0.363 0.367 0.359
10 0.329 0.319 0.327
11 0.27 0.319 0.267
12 0.23 0.272 0.235

Fig 4: variation of periods

In the fig 4 shows the variations of models for different periods in different number of modes. It is
observed that periods of vibrations are decreases with increases in number of modes. Model 2 has greater period
of vibrations as compared to other two models.

 FREQUENCIES OF ALL MODELS

Table 3. Frequencies of models
mode no model 1 model 2 model 3
1 0.358 0.349 0.361
2 0.452 0.381 0.438
3 0.468 0.487 0.469
4 1.094 1.07 1.105
5 1.458 1.182 1.416
6 1.555 1.614 1.562
7 1.888 1.857 1.909
8 2.73 2.089 2.661
9 2.755 2.723 2.789
10 3.039 3.131 3.062
11 3.704 3.134 3.752
12 4.354 3.678 4.254

Fig 5: Frequencies of vibrations

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume – 01, Issue – 08, November – 2016, PP – 42-48

From the fig 5 it is observed that frequency is increases with increases in modes number. In the
beginning of vibrations the frequency is more in model 4 (Irregular building) and in model 2 the frequency is
greater in model 1(Regularbuilding).

 MAXIMUM STOREY DRIFT OF ALLMODELS OF (1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2EQY)

Table 4. Maximum storey drift of all models of (1.2dl+1.2ll+1.2eqy)

Storey model 1 model 2 model 3

10 0.000935 0.001014 0.00095
9 0.00176 0.001848 0.001774
8 0.002506 0.002609 0.00252
7 0.003093 0.00321 0.003109
6 0.003529 0.003656 0.003547
5 0.003835 0.003966 0.003855
4 0.004031 0.004163 0.00405
3 0.004128 0.004251 0.004142
2 0.004066 0.004158 0.004064
1 0.002968 0.002947 0.002939

Figure 6 shows the variation of storey drift. It is less in storey 1 after that storey drift is increases up to
storey 6. From storey 7 it is again decreases up to last storey. Only in the middle portion of the building model 2
has greater storey drift.

 STOREY DISPLACEMENT IN (1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2EQY)

Table 5.Storey displacement in (1.2dl+1.2ll+1.2eqy)

storey model 1 model 2 model 3

10 109.5 112.8 109.8
9 106.2 109.3 106.5
8 100 102.8 100.3
7 91.3 93.7 91.4

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume – 01, Issue – 08, November – 2016, PP – 42-48

6 80.4 82.5 80.6
5 68.1 69.7 68.1
4 54.7 55.8 54.7
3 40.5 41.2 40.5
2 26.1 26.3 26
1 11.9 11.8 11.8
0 0 0 0

Fig 7: Variation of displacement of stories

Displacement can be done from the base point means from bottom stories. From the fig 7 we observe
that displacement is increases with increases in number of stories. Model 1 and 3 has the similar displacement.
And here model 2 has greater displacement because earthquake load is affected more in Y direction.

 STOREY SHEAR IN KN OF ALL MODELS IN (1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2EQY)

Table 6.Storey shear in kn of all models in (1.2dl+1.2ll+1.2eqy)

storey model 1 model 2 model 3

10 -914.154 -905.092 -939.635
9 -2006 -1987 -2062
8 -2872 -2845 -2953
7 -3538 -3506 -3638
6 -4031 -3994 -4145
5 -4377 -4337 -4500
4 -4601 -4559 -4731
3 -4730 -4687 -4863
2 -4790 -4746 -4925
1 -4790 -4763 -4943
0 -4807 -4763 -4943

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume – 01, Issue – 08, November – 2016, PP – 42-48

Fig 8: Storey shear along number of stories

Storey shear is increases with decreases in number of stories. Shear force is maximum at the base
storey. From the fig 8 it is observed that irregular building has greater shear effect at the base as compared to
regular models

V. CONCLUSION
 In general it is observed that periods of modes of vibrations are decreases with increases in number of
mode. Model 2 has greater values among all other models.
 Frequencies of modes are increases with increasing in number of modes. Model 3 has greater value.
Frequency is higher in irregular shape building.
 Maximum storey drift is decreases with increases in number of storey. Storey drift has maximum
values in regular shape building as compared to irregular buildings. Storey drift is less in bottom storey
and increases up to 4th storey and from 4th storey it is decreases up to top storey. Storey drift is
maximum in the middle portion of the building.
 Storey maximum displacement is increases with increase in storey height. Here the storey displacement
is maximum in the model 2 means its length is maximum. Hence the building structures which having
greater length in the direction of earthquake motion directions are morely affected.
 Storey shear increases with decreases in storey height. Storey shear is maximum in the irregular
building structure as compared to regular.

Acknowledgement
One of the author Chaya S wish to thanks students, Department of Civil Engineering, GECC for his
help during work. also acknowledges the fortunate to have blessing and affection of my parents Suresh and
Saroja D N support and encouragement during this project work and also author Dr.Naveen G.M also
acknowledges the fortunate to have blessing and affection of my parents Made gowda.S and Mahadevamma.S,
bother Mahesh and sisters Rani.M and Rajini.M support,wife preethi and daughter Punyasri G N
encouragement during this project work.

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[3]. Arvindreddy.R.J. Fernades. “ Seismic analysis of RC Regular and Irregular frame structures”.
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