Basi, Pauline R.
NDA-1 March 18, 2020
Bandaging
A bandage is any gauze or cloth material used for any of the purpose to support, to
hold or to immobilize the body part
Bandaging is a technique of application of specific roller bandages to different parts
of the body
Difference of Dressing and Bandage
The distinction between a dressing and a bandage is fairly simple. A dressing is applied
to a wound to promote healing and prevent further harm. A dressing is designed to be in
direct contact with the wound. A bandage, on the other hand, is classified as something
used to hold a dressing in place. While some health organizations classify them as the
same thing and the terms are used interchangeably by some people, there is a
difference.
Function of Bandaging:
Aid in wound healing
Prevent open wound contamination
Wound debridement
Maintain moist wound environment
Support or protect deeper body parts
Pressure
Prevent/Reduce swelling or hemorrhage
Immobilization of tissues
Guidelines in Dressing and Bandaging
Sterile or clean material
Bleeding is controlled
Adequately covers the wound
Not too tight or it may interfere with the blood supply and damage surrounding tissue
No loose ends that could get caught on other objects while the patient is being
moved
If soaked with blood, leave the first dressing and apply new one
Parts of Triangular Bandage
Triangular bandages are usually made of muslin. They are made by cutting a 36” to 40”
square of a piece of cloth and then cutting the square diagonally, thus making two
triangular bandages (in sterile packs on the Navy’s medical stock list). A smaller
bandage may be made by folding a large handkerchief diagonally. The longest side of
the triangular bandage is called the base; the corner directly opposite the middle of the
base is called the point; and the other two corners are called ends
Phases of Bandaging
1. Open Phase Bandaging
Used for wounds on top and back of the head, chest, back, hand and foot and as
arm sling
Unfolded triangular bandage
2. Cravat Phase Bandaging
Used for wounds that need extra support wound on the eye, forehead, ear, cheek,
jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg, elbow, knee and palm for sprained ankle
For triangular bandage
Application of bandages
Back of the Head
STEP BY STEP GUIDE
The first step of course is to secure a triangular bandage. Grab the triangular bandage
and fold the base of the bandage at least one and a half inch (1 1/2) inch twice. Place
the folded base on the tip of the eyebrow making sure that the folded base is place
outside. After placing the folded based of the bandage on the tip of the eyebrow, insure
that the apex is directly on the opposite side. Basically the apex would be at the back of
the head. Grab the points of the bandage towards the back insuring that the ears are
slightly covered. This will create and inclination of the bandage on the side to prevent it
from slipping later on Once the points are on the back, simply make an overhand.
Insuring that the overhand will cover the apex. Remember the basic rule in bandaging, "
not to tight not to lose. So insure that your overhand is good enough After making the
overhand, bring the points at the front and bring it just on top of the folded base. Make a
square knot. You are almost done. From there, just insert the apex at the back on the
overhand and insert the square knot on the folded base This will create a tightening of
your bandage and will in effect keep the unecessary excess. This will also create a
housekeeping effect. Most importantly do not forget that the bandage is used to hold the
dressing in place. Therefore, it is understood that a dressing is in place prior to applying
the bandage.
Top of the head
Fold the base at least 2-3 inches
Place the folded base aligned with eyebrow
Pull back and cross-over at the back, tucking apex beneath
Pull both ends at the front/ secure with a square knot at the center of the folded
base/tuck ends
Pull down apex (tuck sides neatly)
Tuck apex neatly at cross over area
Burned Face
Insure that the bandage is clean before applying considering that the last thing that we
want to do is add more probability of infection. Once you have the bandage, fold the
bandage on the base at least one and a half (1 1/2) inch at least twice Place the folded
base on the front of the face just below the chin. Prior to applying advise the victim to
place at least three fingers on the chin area. This will create an allowance for the nose
and mouth for breathing Once in place, grab the points of the bandage and bring the
points to the back of the head Make and overhand on the back of the head with the
points of the bandage. Do insure that the apex is not covered by the overhand and do
not apply the overhand tightly. From there bring the points back to the front and make a
square not just below the chin of the victim. Just over the three finger allowance Once
the square knot is in place, simply insert the square knot on the folded base for
housekeeping. You go to the back and fold the edges of the bandages outside. This will
provide some ventilation. Grab the apex and make an over hand after which, insert the
apex inside for housekeeping
Burned Palm
Place the hand in the middle of the triangular bandage with then wrist at the bast of
the bandage
Place the apex over the fingers and tuck any excess material into the pleats on each
side of the hand
Cross the ends on top of the hand, take them around the wrist and tie them with a
square knot
Arm sling
Place folded base vertically over
One arm, with pointed directly under the elbow of then injured arm
Lower ends of the base at the side of the neck using a square knot
Make several twist with apex and tie a knot
Hide the knot
Chest and Back
Apex at the shoulder of the injured part
Pull back folded base and secure with a square knot at the center of the back
Knot or tie the longer end with apex
Hip Injury
Anchor: start at the top of the thigh and wrap laterally around thigh and back to start
Pull the wrap and go behind the back and around the abdomen staying below the
belly button
Go across the anterior of the thigh and repeat the same pattern
Secure the elastic wrap with tape
Swathe
Begin by placing the end of the bandage on the individual's wrist. Position the roll like
what is shown in the picture. Apply a moderate amount of tension to the roll.
Wrap around the forearm and continue until you reach the individual's elbow.
Begin the first pass up and over the individual's shoulder, securing the arm to the body.
Again, keep a moderate amount of tension on the roll. Keep in mind that the individual
will be in pain and the bandage should be secure but not constricting.
Once the bandage passes up and over the individual's injured shoulder, pull the
bandage in a diagonal pattern across the back and under the individual's non-injured
area
After wrapping the bandage under the individual's non-injured arm, bring the bandage to
the front of the individual and place horizontally along the bottom of the forearm.
Continue placing the bandage horizontally around the individual, bringing the bandage to
the back and then to the front of the individual again.
Once the bandage is brought around to the front of the individual, angle the bandage
upwards and complete a second pass up and over the shoulder.
Again, wrap the bandage in a diagonal pattern across the individual's back and
underneath the non-injured shoulder. Bring the bandage around to the front and
complete a pass along the forearm, behind the back, and around to the front again.
Continue wrapping the bandage in an alternating pattern of up and over the shoulder
and behind the back, followed by around the forearm and behind the back. Fan out the
pattern so that the bandage covers the individual's entire arm and shoulder.
Apply the white athletic tape to secure the bandage.
When finished, the individual should not be able to move his or her shoulder.
The hand should be left out so that the responder can periodically check the color of the
individual's hand and ensure that blood is still circulating throughout the entire arm. The
individual should immediately be taken to the hospital or EMS should be on their way to
transport the individual.
Inguinal Area
To apply inguinal strain strapping, start on the inside of the thigh to be supported wrap
once around the thigh applying tension across the front and upwards of the inguinal.
Pass the bandage around the back of the waist and around to the front.
Then pass the bandage around the back of the thigh and around the inguinal once more
applying tension to the front and upwards on the groin. Again, pass around the back and
repeat this as required or until the bandage runs out.
Follow the same pattern with a roll of 2.5cm zinc oxide tape. Start on the inside of the
groin, pass around the thigh applying tension as the tape comes around the inguinal and
up the front of the thigh. Pass the tape around the back of the waist, across the front and
then back around the thigh to the start.
Cravat
1. Forehead
Place the center of the cravat over the compress covering the wound
Carry the ends around to the opposite side of the head, cross them. Bring them back to
the starting point and tie them.
2. Eye, Ear and Cheeks
Lay center of the first cravat over top with the front end falling over uninjured eye
Bring second cravat around head, over eyes and over loose ends of the first cravat. Tie
in front
Bring ends of the first cravat back over the top of the head, tying there and pulling
second cravat up to and away from uninjured area.
3. Figure of 8
Following a circular turn around the middle of the joint, the bandage should fan out
upwards and downwards. The turns should cross at the side where the limb flexes. • The
figure-of-eight turns can also be applied from a starting point located below or above the
joint crease, working towards the joint itself. The cross-over points will be located at
either the flexing or extending side of the joint; the side where the turns do not cross
remains uncovered.
4. Doughnut
A doughnut bandage is a thick, "O" shaped bandage that relieves pressure around an
impaled object or deep puncture. Leave the impaled object in place (do not attempt to
pull it out!) and place the bandage around it. Then, use adhesive gauze tape or gauze
wrapped around the edges of the doughnut to hold it in place
5. Hand injury
Lay the middle of the cravat over the palm with the ends hanging down on each side.
Take the end of the cravat at the little finger across the back of the hand, extending its
upward over the base of the thumb; then downward across the palm. Take the thumb
end across the back of the hand, over the palm, and through the hollow between the
thumb and palm. Take the ends to the back of the hand and cross them; then bring them
up over the wrist and cross them again. Bring both ends down and tie them with a
square knot on top of the wrist
8. Spiral
1 With the foot flexed at 90 degrees, start the bandage at the center of the ball of the
foot, with the lower edge of the bandage at the base of the toes.
2 Wrap either laterally or medially, using two turns around the foot to anchor the
bandage.
3 Once the bandage is secure, take it across the foot towards the heel. Keep the
bandage low on the heel, just taking in a small area of the sole of the foot.
4 Complete the turn around the heel, coming back towards the foot.
5 Enclose the foot, sealing the gap at the base of the heel.
6 Bring the bandage across the top of the foot to the ankle.
7 Complete the turn around the ankle.
8 Stretch the bandage to 50% capacity and wrap up the leg in a circular fashion, with
each turn overlapping the previous layer by 50%.
9 Avoid wrinkles and creases in the bandage as this may cause skin breakdown and
uneven compression pressures.
10 Finish 1 inch below the knee.
11 Upon reaching the knee, cut off any excess bandage and secure the bandage
with tape. Note: Do not wrap down the leg with any remaining bandage as this would
result in a tourniquet effect, pushing the blood flow back toward
the foot instead of toward the heart.
12 If another application of the wrap is
desired, cut the bandage and begin reapplying from the base of the toes, moving up
the leg as before.
9. ankle injury
Roll up the elastic bandage if it isn't already rolled up. Hold your ankle at about a 90-
degree angle. Start where your toes meet the body of your foot. Hold the loose end of the
bandage at the side of your foot. Wrap the bandage around the ball of your foot once, keeping it
somewhat taut with a light pull.
After this, slowly start circling your way around the arch of the foot. Pull the bandage
diagonally from the bottom of the toes across the foot's top and circle it around the ankle. Now
bring the bandage diagonally across the top of the foot and under the arch in a figure-eight
pattern.
When you get to the ankle bone, wrap the bandage around the felt piece so it stays in
place under the ankle bone. Continue around the ankle and foot in a figure eight, moving toward
the heel on the bottom and toward the calf at the top of the eight.
The wrap should cover the entire foot and end about 7 centimeters above the ankle.
Most compression wraps are self-fastening or come with clip fasteners. If not, use tape to
secure the end. The wrap should be snug but should not cut off circulation to the foot.
