EDUC.

301- MODULE 1
TITLE : TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

OVERVIEW: Educational Technology is a combination of two terms education and technology. Education
refers to the process of bringing up or leading out the inherent potentialities from the pupil. It is the process by
which the knowledge, skills and attitude are transmitted to the members of the community.
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners shall have:
1. Define the basic concepts in understanding ICT in Education
2. Identify the basic concepts in understanding ICT in Education
3. Explain the roles of ICT in teaching for learning
DISCUSSION:

Educational Technology

Educational Technology is a combination of two terms education and technology. Education refers to
the process of bringing up or leading out the inherent potentialities from the pupil. It is the process by which the
knowledge, skills and attitude are transmitted to the members of the community.
            Technology refers to the techniques as well as technical contrivances which enhance a process. It is a
systematic way of applying the techniques to achieve an objective. Therefore Educational Technology can be
defined as the systematic application of technology in the field of education. Like any other term, Educational
Technology has been defined variously. According to G.O.M. Leith ‘Educational Technology is the application
of scientific knowledge about learning and the conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of teaching and learning’.
Concept of Educational Technology

Educational Technology is a wider term which is more than the sum of its parts. Educational
Technology is not a simple combination of these two words as shown below
o   Technology in Education
o   Technology of Education
Early developments referred to the role of technology in education which signifies the use of audio-visual
equipment that is hardware in educational process. Later development recognises the concept of technology of
education that is techniques and methodologies of teaching and learning. This is indeed the software aspect of
educational technology. Educational technology is also different from audio-visual aids. Educational
Technology is a vast subject concerned with the application of scientific knowledge about learning and
conditions of learning in order to improve the effectiveness of teaching, learning and evaluation.
            Audio –visual aids are merely the aids or resources, i.e., materials which are employed to improve the
quality of the message. Audio-visual aids are only a part of educational technology.
Meaning of Educational Technology

            Educational Technology is a system of 5M’s in education in which machines, material ,men, media and
methods are interrelated and work together for the fulfilment of specific educational objectives. Technology
explosion has yielded several new machines, materials and media which have great potential for use in the
educational enterprise. An adequate knowledge of theory and practice of educational technology and their
proper use would enable the teacher to understand and effectively discharge his new roles in the educational
system in the age of ‘information explosion’, ‘knowledge explosion’ and ‘expectation explosion’.
            Educational technology is branch of study in which the results of engineering techniques, information
science, natural science, behavioural science and human technology are to be used to promote the efficiency of
education.
            Broadly speaking educational Technology connotes three meanings. The first view which may call
educational technology I (ET 1) refers to the application of Physical Science and engineering technology to
provide mechanical or electro-mechanical tools, instruction or hardware which can be used for instructional
purposes. In this sense ,the reference is generally to the use of equipment for presenting instructional material
such as still and motion pictures, projectors, tape recorders, television, teaching machine and computer based
technology.
            The second view which may call educational technology 2 (ET 2) refers to the application of scientific
principles to instruction. Here psychological principles of learning are stressed. The third and modern view of
educational technology 3(ET3) incorporates both ET1 and ET2 through the application of a system approach to
education. According to this view education should be considered as a system in which machines, materials,
media, men and methods are incorporated parts and are organised in such a way as they work together for the
fulfilment specific educational objectives.
The word "technology " comes from the Greek word techne which means craft or art. • Educational technology
refers to the art or craft of responding to our educational needs • Technology is not just machines. It is a "planned,
systematic method of working to achieve planned outcomes-a process not a product.
Base from Dale 1969 • Technology also refers to any valid and reliable process or procedure that is derived from
basic research using the scientific method.
Based from The world Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 19 • So, educational technology refers to how people use their
inventions and discoveries to satisfy their educational needs and desires, i. e. learning.
Based from David H. Jonassen • Educational Technology “consists of designs and environments that engage
learners … and reliable technique and method for engaging learning such as cognitive learning strategies and critical
thinking skills.” • It is a theory about how problems in human learning are identified and solved. • Is a field involved in
applying a complex, integrated process to analyze and solve problems in human learning.
Based from David H. Jonassen • Is a profession like teaching. It is made up of organized effort to implement the
theory, intellectual technique and practical application of educational technology.
Based from Lucido and Borabo • Educational Technology is a field study which is concerned with the practice of
using educational methods and resources for the ultimate goal of facilitating the learning process.
Technology in Education “The application of technology to any of those processes involved in operating the
institutions in which house the educational enterprise. It includes the application of technology to food, health, finance,
scheduling, grade, reporting and other processes which support education within institutions.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) uses the term ICT or information
and communication technologies to describe “the tools and the process to access retrieve, store, organize, manipulate,
produce, present and exchange information by electronic and other automated means. These include the hardware,
software and telecommunications in the forms of personal computers, scanners, digital cameras phones, faxes,
modems, CD and DVD players and recorders digitized video, radio and TV programs, database programs and multimedia
programs” (UNESCO Bangkok,2003,p.75; Anderson,p.5)
 Historical context is important to better understand the evolution of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) in education.
From the history of media, we know that new forms never replace the old one. Television did not kill radio and
internet did not kill TV. New forms of media rather complement the old ones, but do not countervail them. This naturally
leads to the greater choice for people, but also causes fragmentation. Different media devices and formats also get
mixed up with each other and this way generates new forms that contain features from each of them. IPod is good
example of this. It is a kind of a Walkman in the Internet era that can be used as personal radio.

Instructional Technology •
“Is a part of Educational Technology.”
• Refers to those aspects of educational technology that “are concerned with instruction as contrasted to designs and
operations of educational institutions.”
Technology Integration •
“Means learning technologies to introduce, reinforce, supplement and extend skills.”

• “Technology is a part and parcel of instructional technology, which in turn is a part of educational technology.”

Instructional Technology
1963
Audiovisual communications is the branch of educational theory and practice concerned with the
design and use of messages which control the learning process. It undertakes: (a) the study of the
unique and relative strengths and weaknesses of both pictorial and nonrepresentational messages
which may be employed in the learning process for any reason; and (b) the structuring and
systematizing of messages by men and instruments in an educational environment. These
undertakings include planning, production, selection, management, and utilization of both
components and entire instructional systems. Its practical goal is the efficient utilization of every
method and medium of communication which can contribute to the development of the learners’ full
potential [2] –  Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT)
1970
Instructional technology … is a systematic way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the total
process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objectives, based on research in human learning
and communication and employing a combination of human and non- human resources to bring
about more effective instruction [3] – President‟s Commission on Instructional Technology (PCIT)

Instructional Technology is the Development (Research, Design, Production, Evaluation, Support-

Supply, Utilization) of Instructional Systems Components (Messages, Men, Materials, Devices,
Techniques, Settings) and the Management of that development Organization, Personnel) in a
systematic manner with the goal of solving educational problems [4]

1982
Instructional technology] is concerned with improving the effectiveness and efficiency of learning in
educational contexts, regardless of the nature or substance of that learning. …Solutions to
instructional problems might entail social as well as machine technologies [5]

1994
Instructional Technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management,
and evaluation of processes and resources for learning [1] – Association for Educational
Communications and Technology (AECT)
Seels, B. B., & Richey, R. C. (1994). Instructional technology: The definition and domains of the field. Washington, DC:
Association for Educational Communications and Technology.

1995
The systemic and systematic application of strategies and techniques derived from behavioral and
physical sciences concepts and other knowledge to the solution of instructional problems. [6]

2013
Instructional technology includes practical techniques of instructional delivery that systematically aim
for effective learning, whether or not they involve the use of media. It is a basic purpose of the field of
instructional technology to promote and aid the application of these known and validated procedures
in the design and delivery of instruction. [7]

Instruction begins with the definition of instructional objectives that consider the students’ needs, interests and
readiness.
 The use of learning materials, equipment and facilities necessities assigning the appropriate personnel to assist
the teacher and defining the role of any personnel involved in the preparation, setting and returning of these learning
resources.

The effective use of learning resources is dependent on the expertise of the teacher, the motivation level or
responsiveness and the involvement of the students in the learning process. • With instructional objective in mind, the
teacher implements planned instruction with the use of selected teaching method, learning activities and learning
materials with the help of other personnel whose role has been defined by the teacher.

Examples of Learning Activities • Reading • Writing • Interviewing • Reporting or Doing Presentation •

Discussing • Thinking • Reflecting • Dramatizing • Visualizing • Creating Judging • Evaluating

Examples of Learning Resources • Textbooks • Workbooks • Programmed materials • Computer • Television •

Programs • Flat Pictures • Slides and Transparencies • Maps • Charts • Cartoons • Posters • Models • Mock Ups •
Flannel Board Materials • Chalkboard • Real objects

Technology tools refers to software, primarily, that can be used to develop or support online course content.
This could include blogs, wikis, authoring tools such as Articulate or Captivate, and Web 2.0 tools available through the
internet. 
Technology Tools: Chalk, posters, and overhead projectors were once “technology;” today we think of technology only as computer
related tools, yet technology includes all teaching tools that enhance the delivery of instruction and these tools have changed and will
change over time.

Top 10 tech tools that teachers should have

1. Classcraft:

Classcraft uses these same gaming principles to engage students in the educational process and create a more harmonized learning
environment. The platform encourages students to work together as they build academic and social skills. Classcraft is free and also
has a paid version, which offers teachers a suite of additional features.

Children learn best through play, and designers know this, which is why they have designed education games and activities to
stimulate the young brain and impart knowledge. By engaging children and immersing them in the subject matter in a fun way,
teachers can help their students develop a love of learning.

2. Adobe Spark Video:

One of the most exciting ways for students to engage in content is to practice teaching it themselves. Spark Video is an app that kids
can use to create their own instructional videos.

Part of Adobe’s Spark platform, the program comes with ready-made templates, images, and sounds to inspire. Students can
develop their own subject-related narrated video, which can reinforce the learning they have done throughout the year.

3. Seesaw:

This creative, learning portfolio system enhances communication between teachers, parents, and administrators. With a variety of
activities to choose from, teachers can select an assignment or create their own.

Once students have completed the task, they can add their work to their personal portfolio, which can be shared with mom and dad.
One of the best features of this app is the lack of paperwork for teachers.

4. Google Classroom:

Google’s answer to learning management in school, the Google Classroom app enables teachers to organize various tasks from a
single digital location. Instructors are able to give assignments, surveys, and quizzes, grade students’ work, and more.
By offering its product for free, Google Classroom aims to make it possible for all school districts to streamline their learning
experience.

5. YouTube

Many of us likely remember that feeling of excitement when the school television was rolled into their classroom. These days, it
couldn’t be easier to get video in the classroom to make it easier for students to learn.

YouTube is full of creative videos that can help your visual learners grasp concepts including math, coding, and science. Managing an
account is easy and can be linked to your Google account. With this online tool, teachers can create their own personal instruction
videos for their classrooms or compile collected clips into subject-matter playlists.

6. Nearpod VR:

Virtual reality (VR) is an exciting development in the tech world and helps bring concepts to life through its immersive approach.
Teachers can use Nearpod VR to enhance lessons on history, life sciences, or just about any subject matter through a VR experience.

Nearpod VR contains over 450 virtual tours and can help students explore the world, grasp the realities of life in ancient China, the
concept of natural selection in the animal world, or anything in between.

7. Venngage:

Through the Venngage app, students can create their own infographics to present information, data, or knowledge. It was developed
to be a straightforward and easy way to introduce data set discovery.

Venngage can assist students in the learning process by bringing statistics to life. Rather than create the presentation from scratch,
Venngage comes equipped with templates to guide the process and help students create a visually appealing addition to their work.

8. Kidblog:

Even in the digital world, writing skills are still key to success for any student. However, not everyone loves the written word. So
Kidblog made it fun by allowing kids to create their own journal-like entries in a safe space.

Nothing that goes up on the site is made public unless the teacher approves it. Students can also add photos, videos, or audio
content to their post either by uploading their own clip or using one of the licensed pieces.

9. Science360 Video:
Access the most up-to-date discoveries and inventions in the STEM arena with Science360 videos. The clips on the website are also
free to embed on any other sites, blogs, or social network platforms, making them an ideal addition to projects.

Science360 focuses on the biggest news stories in science, technology, engineering, math, and more so that students can see how
discoveries are made and what it means for their world.

10. Canva:

For the creative-minded in the classroom, Canva offers tools for teachers and students to use to augment the learning process. Kids
can create modern-looking posters, presentations, and documents with the ease of the click-and-drop method.

Canva has over a million images, icons, and templates that can inspire students to be creative with their graphic designs.

Roles of Technology in Learning

• As tools support knowledge construction: for representing learners’ ideas, understandings and beliefs for producing
organized, multimedia knowledge bases by learners

• As information vehicles for exploring knowledge to support learning-byconstructing: for accessing needed information
for comparing perspectives, beliefs and world views.

• As context to support learning-by-doing: for representing and simulating meaningful real-world problems, situations
and context, for representing beliefs, perspectives, arguments and stories of others, for defining a safe, controllable
problem space for student thinking.

• As a social medium to support learning by conversing: for collaboration with others, for discussing, arguing and
building consensus among members of a community, for supporting discourse among knowledge building communities.

As intellectual partner to support learning-by reflecting: • For helping learners to articulate and represent what they
know • For reflecting on what they have learned and how they come to know it • For supporting learners internal
negotiations and meaning making • For constructing personal representations of meaning for supporting mindful
thinking.
EVALAUTION:
1. Explain what educational technology is by using this graphic organizer.

EDUCATIONAL
TECHNO0LOGY
 2. Accomplish the learning bank (20 points)

DEPOSIT/S DIVIDEND/S
( What I learned) (How I use what I learned in my life)

3. Are the chalkboards and bulletin boards and other traditional learning equipment also included in the term
Educational Technology? Why? (10 points)
4.

5.

6.
7. Using the 3 centric circles given below, show that the educational technology, instructional technology are much
broader than educational media and technology integration. (30 points)

8. Why use technology in teaching?

9. Is there anything wrong with the traditional use of technology as presenter of knowledge like the teacher as a source
of knowledge? Discuss your answer.
10. Give at least 3 uses and functions of educational technology. Categorize them either as technology as teacher
( source of knowledge) or technology as partner in learning ( one that engages the student in thinking and in the
construction of knowledge and meaning). Use the table given below. An example for each category is given for you. (30
points)

TECHNOLOGY AS TEACHER TECHNOLOGY AS PARTNER IN LEARNING

1. Video presentation on the tourist spots in the 1. Setting up an experiment shown through video
country presentation and requiring the student to predict
the outcome of the experiment

11. Which of the following technology tools for teacher you had also been using or had tried? Discuss your answer.
12. Choose one role of ICT in teaching for learning then discuss.

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AT ITS BEST!

Discuss importance of technology in facilitating teaching and learning. Include basis to establish the importance.
LEARNING TO DO
Plan an activity that includes the use of technology to teach your classmates how to learn the following. You may
choose only one.

a. Making a toy
b. Writing poem
c. Solving a problem
d. Improving basic speech

LEARNING TO BE
Explain the technology you will use to attain what you want to be 5 years from now.

LEARNING TO LIVE TOGETHER

Illustrate the technologies which can be applied or used to enhance harmonious relationship with your:

a. Family member
b. Classmates
c. Teachers
REFERENCES:

Brenda B. Corpuz, Paz I. Lucido (2012) Educational Technology 1. Lorimar Publishing Inc., 776 Aurora Blvd.,cor.Boston
Street,Cubao, Quezon City,Metro Manila

Epifani V. Tabbada,Ed.D, Maria Mercedes Buendia, MA. Ed. (2015) Educational Technology 1. Adriana Publishing
Co.,Inc., 776 Aurora Blvd.,cor.Boston Street,Cubao, Quezon City,Metro Manila

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Prepared by:
JESSIELYN B. TUNDAG