Introduction to

Quantitative Method
Part 2

Week 03
Types of Quantitative
Methods

Causal-
Experimental Survey Correlational
Comparative
Research Research Research
Research
Types of Quantitative
Methods
UI/UX User Interface
3 formats:
During the product Graphical User
Interface,
development phase, one Voice-controlled
Interface,
of the major aims of the Gesture-based
product team is to create interface

Experimental a great user experience

Research with the product.
User
Experience
Therefore, before Provide
Uses the principles of meaningful &
research in physical launching the final relevant
experiences to
sciences to conduct product design, potential users;
experiments that explore are brought in to interact Making a
product
human behavior with the product. functional &
useful
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Education
It can be used in improving the
standard of an academic
institution. This includes testing
student’s knowledge on different
Experimental topics, coming up with better
Research teaching methods, and the
Uses the principles of implementation of other
research in physical programs that will aid student
sciences to conduct learning.
experiments that explore
human behavior
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Example
Objective: To determine if
students were more motivated
to learn by participating in a
classroom game versus
Experimental attending a classroom lecture.
Research
Hypothesis: Students would be
Uses the principles of more motivated to learn from
research in physical
the game.
sciences to conduct
experiments that explore
human behavior
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Example
Experiment: Control Group
The group in an
● In a number of classes, experiment that
does not
instructors were asked to receive the
proceed with their variable you are
Experimental testing.
normal lecture over
Research
certain content.
Uses the principles of ● In a number of classes, Experiment
Group
research in physical instructors used a game The group that
sciences to conduct that was developed to
receives the
variable being
experiments that explore
teach the same content. tested in an
human behavior experiment.
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Example
Experiment (cont.):
● The students were issued
a test at the end of the
Experimental semester to see which
Research group did better in retaining
information, and to find out
Uses the principles of which method most
research in physical
motivated students to want
sciences to conduct
experiments that explore to learn the material.
human behavior
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Example
Conclusions: Students were
more motivated to learn by
participating in the game. The
students who participated in the
Experimental game actually remembered
Research more of the content at the end
Uses the principles of of the semester than those who
research in physical listened to a lecture.
sciences to conduct
experiments that explore
human behavior
Experiment Time!

Source:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-biology-foundations/hs-biology-and-the-scientific-method/a/experiments-
and-observations
Suppose I decide to grow bean sprouts in
my kitchen, near the window. I put bean
seed in a pot with soil, set them on the
windowsill, and wait for them to sprout.
However, after several weeks, I have no
sprouts. Why not? Well...it turns out I
forgot to water the seeds. So, I
hypothesize that they didn’t sprout due
to lack of water.

Hypothesis: The bean

seeds didn’t sprout due to
lack of water.
 To test my hypothesis, I do a
controlled experiment. In this
experiment, I set up two identical
pots. Both contain ten bean seeds
planted in the same type of soil,
and both are placed in the same
window.
 Independent Variable
The variable the experimenter changes
In fact, there is only one thing that I or controls and is assumed to have a
direct effect on the dependent variable.
do differently to the two pots:
● One pot of seeds gets watered
every afternoon.
● The other pot of seeds doesn’t
get any water at all.
 Dependent Variable
The variable being tested and

After a week, nine out of ten seeds

measured in an experiment, and is
‘dependent’ on the independent
in the watered pot have sprouted, variable.

while none of the seeds in the dry

pot have sprouted. It looks like the
“seeds need water.” Hypothesis is
probably correct!

Controlled Variable
The things in an experiment that
remain constant.
Example: the type of soil, sunlight
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Process of
Implementing
Survey Research
Methods Brainstorm, put
together valid

Survey Research ● Decide survey questions

survey questions

Used to ask people a ● Finalize a target audience

If researchers
number of questions ● Send out surveys via need to obtain
about particular topics decided mediums details about
specific issues,
● Analyze survey results can include
Can be online, mailed, open-ended
handed out, or in questions to the
questionnaire
interview format
Types of Quantitative
Methods Reasons to The
respondents will
Conduct Survey provide insights
about what they

Research like about the

organization as
well as
● Understand respondent suggestions for
improvement.
Survey Research behavior to get solutions
to your queries
Used to ask people a Discuss the
● Present a medium for
number of questions reason/s why

about particular topics discussion survey is

conducted, how
● Strategy for data is utilized,
Can be online, mailed, never-ending assure target
handed out, or in audience that
improvements data (collected
interview format from them) is
secured
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Survey Research
Design
Decide the
● Decide an aim of the purpose for
research
research
Survey Research ● Filter the sample from Who to target?
target population
Used to ask people a
● Design the What will be the
number of questions content of the
about particular topics questionnaire survey?
● Send out surveys and
Can be online, mailed, analyze results Send surveys
handed out, or in across selected
interview format participants
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Data Collection
● Naturalistic observation
Observe people’s behavior
in their natural environment,
Correlational in w/c they typically exist.
Research
● Archival data
Conducted to establish a
relationship between two Data that has been
closely-knit entities and previously collected by
how one impacts the other doing similar kinds of
& what are the changes research
that are observed
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Examples
● The relationship between
stress and depression.
● The equation between
Correlational fame and money.
● The relation between
Research
activities in a third-grade
Conducted to establish a class and its students.
relationship between two
closely-knit entities and
how one impacts the other
& what are the changes
that are observed
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Types of CC
Research Design
● Retrospective Investigating a
research question
Causal-Comparative after the effects have
Causal-comparative Research already occured
Research
Used to conclude the ● Prospective Begin by studying
cause-effect equation Causal-Comparative the causes and then
investigate the
between two or more Research possible effects
variables, where 1 variable is
dependent on the other
independent variable
Types of Quantitative
Methods
Examples
● The impact of drugs on a
teenager.
● The effect of good
Causal-comparative education on a freshman.
● The effect of substantial
Research
food provision in the
Used to conclude the villages of Africa.
cause-effect equation
between two or more
variables, where 1 variable is
dependent on the other
independent variable
References
● Types of Quantitative Methods:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introductiontocommunication/chapte
r/quantitative-methods/
● Experimental Research:
https://www.formpl.us/blog/experimental-research#:~:text=Examples%2
0of%20Experimental%20Research,on%20the%20subject%20of%20rese
arch.
https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/ui-design
● Experiment Time Example:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-biology-f
oundations/hs-biology-and-the-scientific-method/a/experiments-and-obs
ervations
References
● Survey Research:
https://www.questionpro.com/article/survey-research.html
● Quantitative Research:
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/quantitative-research/
● Correlational Research:
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/correlational-research/#:~:text
=Correlational%20research%20is%20a%20type,influence%20from
%20any%20extraneous%20variable.
● Causal-Comparative Research:
https://www.slideshare.net/sameensarwar/causal-comparative-r
esearch-45766776