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AIM: To Conduct Performance Test On A Single Stage Centrifugal Pump Test Rig

The document describes a test rig for evaluating the performance of a single-stage centrifugal pump. It explains that the test rig consists of a centrifugal pump coupled to a motor, with suction and delivery piping connected to sump and measuring tanks. It further provides the theoretical background of how single-stage centrifugal pumps work by imparting a centrifugal force on the liquid to gradually increase pressure. The objectives and methodology of the performance test are also outlined, including calculation of discharge rate, total head developed, input and output power, and pump efficiency.

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muralidharan
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916 views4 pages

AIM: To Conduct Performance Test On A Single Stage Centrifugal Pump Test Rig

The document describes a test rig for evaluating the performance of a single-stage centrifugal pump. It explains that the test rig consists of a centrifugal pump coupled to a motor, with suction and delivery piping connected to sump and measuring tanks. It further provides the theoretical background of how single-stage centrifugal pumps work by imparting a centrifugal force on the liquid to gradually increase pressure. The objectives and methodology of the performance test are also outlined, including calculation of discharge rate, total head developed, input and output power, and pump efficiency.

Uploaded by

muralidharan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SINGLE STAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

AIM: To conduct performance test on a Single stage Centrifugal pump test rig.

INTRODUCTION:
A pump may be defined as mechanical device when interposed in a pipe line, converts the
mechanical energy supplied to it from an external source into hydraulic energy, thus resulting in the
flow of liquid from lower potential to higher potential.
The pumps are of major concern to most engineers and technicians. The types of pumps vary in
principle and design. The selection of the pump for any particular application is to be done by
understanding their characteristics. The most commonly used pumps for domestic, agricultural and
industrial are Centrifugal, axial flow, reciprocating, air jet, and diaphram and turbine pumps. Most of
these pumps fall into the main class namely Rotodynamic, Reciprocating (positive displacement)
and Fluid operated pumps.

THEORY:
The principle of operation of a single stage centrifugal pump is covered under Rotodynamic pump
category. In this pump, the liquid is made to rotate in a closed volute chamber. Thus creating the
centrifugal action, which gradually builds the pressure gradient towards outlet resulting in a
continuous flow.
These pumps are of simple construction can be directly coupled to electric motor and more suitable
for handling clear, semi viscous, as well as turbid liquids. The hydraulic head per stage at low flow
rates is limited and hence not suitable for high heads, in case of single stage centrifugal pumps. But
as the pump in this case in a multi stage construction the pressure gradually builds up in successive
stages almost equally in each stage. Thus achieving considerably higher heads. The multi stage
centrifugal pump test rig allows the students to understand and study the various characteristics and
pressure build up pattern in individual stages.

DESCRIPTION:
The single stage Centrifugal pump test rig mainly consists of:
a) Single stage Centrifugal pump
b) AC Drive motor of suitable capacity coupled to pump by stepped pulley arrangement.
c) SS sump tank and measuring tank with a piezometer
d) G. I. Pipe connections with necessary control valve etc… mounted on a neatly painted M.S.
structure. The panel board is equipped with an energy meter for measurement of power input to
the motor, a digital RPM indicator to indicate the speed of the pump/motor, a Vacuum gauge to
measure suction head, & pressure gauge for measurement of delivery head, a starter of suitable
capacity, indicating lamps and fuse etc.
CALCULATIONS:

 Basic data / constants:


1 kg / cm2 = 760 mm Hg (10 m of water)
Density of water = 1000 kg / m3 ( 9810 N / m 3 )
Area of collecting tank = 0.125 m2

 Discharge rate “ Q ” in m3 / s
Q = Axh
t
where ‘h’ is height of water collected in measuring tank for a time interval of ‘t’ sec.

 Total head “ H ” in m

H = 10(Delivery Pressure + Vacuum head)


= 10(P + Pv )
where P is pressure in kg / cm2 , Pv is the Vacuum in mm of Hg
p=(1.032+ pressure reading) Pv=(1.032- (suction pressure reading x 1.33 x 10-3) )
 Power input to motor (kW)

Data: Energy meter constant E.M.C. = 3200 Rev/kw-h

K 60 x 60
I.P = X X motor = kW.
E.M.C. t

Where η motor = 0.70, (70 %)

Where ‘K’ is the number of revolutions energy meter disc = 10 rev


‘t’ is the time taken in seconds by the Energy Meter for K revolutions
‘m’ = motor efficiency 0.70 (70% )

(1hp = 0.736 kW)


(1 kW = 1.36 hp.)

 Output Power ( delivered by the pump) kW

= WxQxH kW
1000
Where W is 9810 N/m3
% η pump = Out power x 100 Q is Discharge
Input power
Table of readings:

Suction Time taken Water level


Speed Delivery pressure for 10 rise in tank Discharge
N pressure p Pv Impulse of R time
(rpm) (kgf/cm2) mm of energy meter t (s)
mm m
Hg (te) s

Table of calculations:

Power
Speed of Head Power Overall
Discharge input to
pump H developed by efficiency
Q pump
N m of pump Pp o
(m3/s) Pin
(rpm) water (kW) (%)
(kW)
DELIVERY PIPE DELIVERY VALVE

LOAD INDICATOR
WATER LEVEL
INDICATOR
COLLECTING TANK
BELT
SUCTION D C MOTOR
VALVE
SUCTION PIPE

RECIPROCATING PUMP

SUMP
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
CALCULATIONS:

 Basic data / constants:


1kg/cm2 = 760 mm Hg (10 m of water)
Density of water = 1000 kg / m3
Area of collecting tank = 0.125 m2

 Discharge rate “ Q ” in m3 / s
Q = Axh
t
where ‘h’ is height of water collected in measuring tank for a time interval of ‘t’ sec.
 Total head “ H ” in m

PD=1.032 + Reading
PV=1.032 – (Reading x 1.315 x 10-3)

H = 10 ( Delivery Pressure + Vacuum head )


= 10 ( PD + Pv )
where PD is pressure in kg / cm2 , Pv is the Vacuum in mm of Hg

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