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3FZ08014AABBDEZZA - V1 - Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Media Gateway Release 4.2 Product Description

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

333 views214 pages

3FZ08014AABBDEZZA - V1 - Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Media Gateway Release 4.2 Product Description

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samba fall diallo

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Title page

Alcatel-Lucent
7510 Media Gateway | Release 4.2
Product Description
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA
Issue 4 | December 2012
Legal notice

Legal notice

Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their respective
owners.

The information presented is subject to change without notice. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies contained herein.
Copyright © 2012 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Notice

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document was complete and accurate at the time of printing. However, information is
subject to change.
Contents

About this document

Purpose ......................................................................................................................................................................................... xvii
xvii

Reason for reissue ..................................................................................................................................................................... xvii

xvii

Readership ................................................................................................................................................................................... xvii

xvii

Contents in Brief ....................................................................................................................................................................... xvii

xvii

Frequently Used Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... xviii

xviii

Related information ................................................................................................................................................................ xviii

xviii

How to comment ........................................................................................................................................................................ xix

xix

1 Product Overview

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1-1

Introduction Product Overview

Introduction Product Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1-2

Network Solutions

Network Solutions Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1-4

Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits

Distinguishing Key Benefits ................................................................................................................................................. 1-6

1-6

General Features ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1-8

1-8

System Robustness and Stability ...................................................................................................................................... 1-11

1-11

Geographic Redundancy ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-11

1-11

Versatile Platform; Combining TGW, BGW and SGW ............................................................................................ 1-11

1-11

Density and Scalability/Performance .............................................................................................................................. 1-12

1-12

Performance ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-13

1-13

2 Features and Services - Platform

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2-1

Introduction Features and Services - Platform

Introduction Features and Services - Platform ............................................................................................................... 2-4

2-4

Interfaces

Interfaces ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-5

2-5

Signaling Protocols Supported

Signaling Types ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2-7

2-7

H.248.1 Version 2 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2-7

2-7

Multi-Vendor Interoperability

Multi-Vendor Interoperability .............................................................................................................................................. 2-8

2-8

Virtual Media Gateways

Virtual Media Gateways ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-9

2-9

Voice Codecs

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-10

2-10

G.711 Codec ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2-11

2-11

G.729A/B Codec ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2-11

2-11

G.723.1 Codec ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2-11

2-11

G.726 Codec ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2-11

2-11

AMR2 Codec ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2-12

2-12

AMR-WB (G.722.2) Codec ............................................................................................................................................... 2-12

2-12

GSM-FR Codec ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2-12

2-12

GSM-EFR Codec ................................................................................................................................................................... 2-13

2-13

GSM-HR Codec ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2-13

2-13

G.728 Codec ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2-13

2-13

EVRC Codec ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2-13

2-13

G.722 Codec ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2-14

2-14

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-15

2-15

Voice Activity Detection ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-15

2-15

Comfort Noise Generation .................................................................................................................................................. 2-16

2-16

Packet Loss Concealment .................................................................................................................................................... 2-16

2-16

Echo Cancellation .................................................................................................................................................................. 2-17

2-17

Adaptive Jitter Buffer ........................................................................................................................................................... 2-17

2-17

Fax Modem / T.38 .................................................................................................................................................................. 2-17

2-17

Voice Band Data Mode ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-18

2-18

Media Inactivity Detection ................................................................................................................................................. 2-19

2-19

Media Replication .................................................................................................................................................................. 2-19

2-19

Inband Signaling Based Call Services - Platform

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-20

2-20

DTMF Packet Relay .............................................................................................................................................................. 2-20

2-20

Inband Signaling Processing .............................................................................................................................................. 2-20

2-20

Digitmap .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-21

2-21

Quality of Service

Quality of Service .................................................................................................................................................................. 2-22

2-22

Secured IP-Interfaces (OAM and MGC)

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-25

2-25

IPsec ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2-25

2-25

Telnet/SSH ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2-26

2-26

Tones and Announcements

Supported Tones and Announcements ............................................................................................................................ 2-27

2-27

Redundancy, Reliability, and Availability

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-29

2-29

System Control Module and Switch Fabric Module ................................................................................................. 2-30

2-30

Packet Interface Module ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-31

2-31

Media Conversion Module ................................................................................................................................................. 2-32

2-32

Signaling .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-33

2-33

Power .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-33

2-33

Cooling ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-33

2-33

IP Services and Resilience

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-34

2-34

Network Time Protocol - NTP .......................................................................................................................................... 2-34

2-34

Gratuitous ARP ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2-35

2-35

Bi-directional Forwarding Detection - BFD ................................................................................................................. 2-35

2-35

Switching and Interworking Modes

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-36

2-36

TDM To/From RTP ............................................................................................................................................................... 2-36

2-36

TDM Hairpinning ................................................................................................................................................................... 2-37

2-37

Border Gateway ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2-39

2-39

Switched Connection Types

Connection Types ................................................................................................................................................................... 2-41

2-41

3 Features and Services - TGW Application

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3-1

Circuit-Mode Data Services

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-2

3-2

Introduction Circuit-Mode Data Services ........................................................................................................................ 3-2

3-2

Monorate 64k Unrestricted Digital Information ............................................................................................................ 3-2

3-2

Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment - DCME ..................................................................................................... 3-3

3-3

Inband Signaling Based Call Services - TGW Application

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-4

3-4

TDM to TDM Hairpinning with Media Processing ..................................................................................................... 3-4

3-4

FSK ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3-4

3-4

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-5

3-5

SPC without Media Processing ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5

3-5

SPC without Media Processing with DCME .................................................................................................................. 3-5

3-5

SPC with Media Processing .................................................................................................................................................. 3-5

3-5

4 Features and Services - SGW Application

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4-1

Embedded Signaling Gateway ............................................................................................................................................. 4-1

4-1

5 Features and Services - BGW Application

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5-1

Introduction Features and Services - BGW Application ............................................................................................ 5-2

5-2

Context Admission Control ................................................................................................................................................... 5-3

5-3

Dynamic Media Firewall and Gate Management ......................................................................................................... 5-4

5-4

Traffic Policing .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5-4

5-4

Address Translation, Hosted NAT Traversal, and Connectivity .............................................................................. 5-4

5-4

IP Version Interworking .......................................................................................................................................................... 5-4

5-4

Media Aware Mode (Transcoding and Media Resource Functions) ...................................................................... 5-5
5-5

QoS Tagging and QoS Statistics .......................................................................................................................................... 5-5

5-5

Peering Partner Monitoring ................................................................................................................................................... 5-6

5-6

Multimedia Support ................................................................................................................................................................. 5-6

5-6

BGW Specific H.248 Packages ........................................................................................................................................... 5-7

5-7

Access Transfer Gateway ....................................................................................................................................................... 5-7

5-7

6 Features and Services - SFW Application

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6-1

SIP Firewall Overview and Main Features ...................................................................................................................... 6-1

6-1

SIP Firewall Features ............................................................................................................................................................... 6-4

6-4

IP Filtering and Classifier ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-5

6-5

IP/UDP/ICMP/TCP DoS Attacks Mitigation ................................................................................................................. 6-5

6-5

Redundancy ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6-6

6-6

SIP over TLS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6-7

6-7

SIP Firewall Capacity .............................................................................................................................................................. 6-7

6-7

7 Functional Architecture and Software

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-1

7-1

Introduction Functional Architecture and Software

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-3

7-3

Scalable Capacity ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7-3

7-3

Usage ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7-4

7-4

Efficiency ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-4

7-4

Quality of Service - QoS ........................................................................................................................................................ 7-5

7-5

Redundancy, Reliability and Availability ......................................................................................................................... 7-5

7-5

Media Gateway Functional Architecture

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-7

7-7

Functional Architecture .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-7

7-7

System Control Module .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-9

7-9

Switch Fabric Module .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-10

7-10

Circuit Interface Module ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-13

7-13

Packet Interface Module ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-15

7-15

Media Conversion Module - VBMCMxE ..................................................................................................................... 7-16

7-16

Capacity, Scalability and Redundancy ........................................................................................................................... 7-18

7-18

Summary of Module Functions ......................................................................................................................................... 7-19

7-19

Backplane Structure

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-21

7-21

TDM Bus ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-21

7-21

Data Bus ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-21

7-21

Redundant Bus ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7-22

7-22

Clock Generator

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-23

7-23

Supported Clock Features ................................................................................................................................................... 7-24

7-24

Software

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-25

7-25

Kernel Software ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7-27

7-27

Network Layer Software ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-27

7-27

Application Layer Software ............................................................................................................................................... 7-29

7-29

Voice Processing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7-31

7-31

Software Redundancy ........................................................................................................................................................... 7-31

7-31

Fault Management

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-33

7-33

Error detection and recovery .............................................................................................................................................. 7-33

7-33

8 System Management and OAM

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-1

8-1

Introduction System Management and OAM

Introduction System Management and OAM ............................................................................................................... 8-3

8-3

Chassis Management

Chassis Management ............................................................................................................................................................... 8-4

8-4

Configuration Management

Configuration Management .................................................................................................................................................. 8-5

8-5

Fault Management

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-6

8-6

Fault Management Application Manager ......................................................................................................................... 8-6

8-6

Monitoring and Alarms ........................................................................................................................................................... 8-7

8-7

Alarm Classifications .............................................................................................................................................................. 8-7

8-7

Diagnostic Test - BERT .......................................................................................................................................................... 8-9

8-9

System Logging and Debugging

System Logging and Debugging ...................................................................................................................................... 8-10

8-10

Performance Management

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-12

8-12

Performance Counters .......................................................................................................................................................... 8-12

8-12

Threshold Crossing Alarms ................................................................................................................................................ 8-13

8-13

Call-Related Performance Counters - H.248.xnq ....................................................................................................... 8-13

8-13

Security Management

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-14

8-14

Transport Layer Security ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-14

8-14

User Account Security .......................................................................................................................................................... 8-14

8-14

OAM Interfaces

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-16

8-16

Command Line Interface ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-18

8-18

GUI-Based Interface ............................................................................................................................................................. 8-18

8-18

RADIUS User Account Management ............................................................................................................................. 8-19

8-19

Operating System

The 7510 MGW Real-Time Operating System ........................................................................................................... 8-20

8-20

Software Upgrade Management

Software Upgrade Management ....................................................................................................................................... 8-21

8-21

Backup and Restore

Backup and Restore ............................................................................................................................................................... 8-22

8-22

9 Physical Architecture and Hardware

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-1

9-1

Introduction

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-2

9-2

Rack Configuration .................................................................................................................................................................. 9-5

9-5

Chassis Internal and External Features

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-7

9-7

Chassis .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-7

9-7

Cooling ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-9

9-9

Power Source and Distribution .......................................................................................................................................... 9-12

9-12

EMC ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 9-13

9-13

Functional Description of Hardware Modules

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9-14

9-14

System Control Module ....................................................................................................................................................... 9-16

9-16

Switch Fabric Module .......................................................................................................................................................... 9-19

9-19

Circuit Interface Module ...................................................................................................................................................... 9-20

9-20

Packet Interface Module ...................................................................................................................................................... 9-29

9-29

Media Conversion Module ................................................................................................................................................. 9-32

9-32

A Revision History

Reissue history .......................................................................................................................................................................... A-1

A-1

B Specifications

Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................................... B-1

B-1

Physical Specifications .......................................................................................................................................................... B-1

B-1

Compliances and Requirements ......................................................................................................................................... B-2

B-2

C Standards

Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................................... C-1

C-1

Bellcore / Telcordia Specifications .................................................................................................................................... C-1

C-1

ITU Standards ........................................................................................................................................................................... C-2

C-2

ANSI / EIA / IEEE Standards .............................................................................................................................................. C-3

C-3

MIBs ............................................................................................................................................................................................. C-3

C-3

IETF RFCs ................................................................................................................................................................................. C-4

C-4

Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................................... D-1

D-1

List of Components and Part Numbers ............................................................................................................................ D-1

D-1

Glossary

1 Related Documents ................................................................................................................................................. xviii

xviii

1-1 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits ........................................................................................................ 1-6

1-2 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW General Features ................................................................................................ 1-8

1-3 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Performance ...................................................................................................... 1-13

2-1 Interfaces Supported ................................................................................................................................................. 2-5

2-5

2-2 Echo Cancellation Supported ............................................................................................................................. 2-17

2-3 Hardware Redundancy .......................................................................................................................................... 2-29

7-1 System Control Module Functions ................................................................................................................... 7-10

7-2 Switch Fabric Module Functions ...................................................................................................................... 7-12

7-3 Circuit Interface Module Functions ................................................................................................................. 7-14

7-4 Packet Interface Module Features ..................................................................................................................... 7-16

7-5 VBMCMxE Features ............................................................................................................................................. 7-17

7-17

7-6 Overview of Capacity and Redundancy per Module ................................................................................. 7-18

7-7 VoIP Functions Processed by the Modules .................................................................................................... 7-19

7-8 Software Redundancy ............................................................................................................................................ 7-32

9-1 SDH CIM I/O Card: Transmitter Performance ............................................................................................ 9-22

9-2 SDH CIM I/O Card: Receiver Performance ................................................................................................. 9-23

9-3 VBCIMCM Features .............................................................................................................................................. 9-34

9-34

A-1 Issue 4, December 2012, Reason for reissue .................................................................................................. A-1

A-2 Issue 3, November 2012, Reason for reissue ................................................................................................. A-1

A-3 Issue 2, July 2012, Reason for reissue .............................................................................................................. A-2

A-4 Issue 1, May 2012, Reason for reissue ............................................................................................................. A-2

B-2 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Compliances and Requirements .................................................................. B-2

D-1 Components and Part Numbers ........................................................................................................................... D-1

1-1 Network Solutions ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1-4

1-2 Multiple Virtual MGW Function ....................................................................................................................... 1-12

2-1 Interfaces Supported ................................................................................................................................................. 2-5

2-5

2-2 IP Header for ToS and DiffServ ......................................................................................................................... 2-23

2-3 Forwarding Voice Packets using Backbone Routers .................................................................................. 2-23

2-4 TDM To/From RTP ................................................................................................................................................ 2-36

2-36

2-5 TDM Hairpinning Without DSP Involvement .............................................................................................. 2-37

2-6 TDM Hairpinning With DSP Involvement .................................................................................................... 2-38

2-7 TDM Hairpinning With DSP and PIM Involvement .................................................................................. 2-39

2-8 BGW Without DSP Involvement ...................................................................................................................... 2-40

2-9 BGW With DSP Involvement ............................................................................................................................. 2-40

5-1 BGW Application ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-2

5-2

5-2 BGW Features List .................................................................................................................................................... 5-3

5-3

6-1 SFW Application ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-2

6-2

6-2 SIP Firewall Functionality ...................................................................................................................................... 6-3

6-3

6-3 SIP Firewall Capacity .............................................................................................................................................. 6-7

6-7

7-1 Logical Interconnections of the Functional Modules ................................................................................... 7-8

7-2 Functional Architecture of the System Control Module .............................................................................. 7-9

7-3 Functional Architecture of the Switch Fabric Module ............................................................................... 7-11

7-4 External Switch Fabric Module Connections ............................................................................................... 7-12

7-5 Functional Architecture of the Circuit Interface Module ......................................................................... 7-14

7-6 Functional Architecture of the Packet Interface Module .......................................................................... 7-15

8-1 Element Management Architecture and Interfaces ..................................................................................... 8-17

9-1 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Front View ............................................................................................................ 9-3

9-2 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Rear View ............................................................................................................. 9-4

9-3 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Side View ............................................................................................ 9-5

9-4 Rack Configuration ................................................................................................................................................... 9-6

9-6

9-5 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Front View .......................................................................................... 9-8

9-6 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Rear View ........................................................................................... 9-9

9-7 Air Flow through an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW ....................................................................................... 9-10

9-8 Fan Tray (VS3FU) Physical View ..................................................................................................................... 9-11

9-9 Position of the Air Filter ....................................................................................................................................... 9-12

9-10 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Power Connections ......................................................................................... 9-13

9-11 Generic View of a Processor Board .................................................................................................................. 9-14

9-12 Generic View of an I/O Board ............................................................................................................................ 9-15

9-13 Front View and Location of the VBSCM ....................................................................................................... 9-17

9-14 Rear View and Location of the VMSCM/VMSCMA ................................................................................ 9-18

9-15 Front View and Location of the VBSFM / VBSFM4G1 .......................................................................... 9-19

9-16 Front View and Location of the VBC4S1 ...................................................................................................... 9-21

9-17 Rear View and Location of the VM4S1SS .................................................................................................... 9-22

9-18 Rear View and Location of the VMCIM ........................................................................................................ 9-24

9-19 Front View and Location of the VB32E1T1 ................................................................................................. 9-25

9-20 Rear View and Location of the VM32E1T1/VMRED1 ............................................................................ 9-26

9-21 Front View and Location of the VB12DS3 ................................................................................................... 9-27

9-22 Rear View and Location of the VM12DS3 .................................................................................................... 9-28

9-23 Front View and Location of the VBPI4GE / VBPIxGES ......................................................................... 9-30

9-24 Rear View and Location of the VMPIM2 ...................................................................................................... 9-31

9-25 Front View and Location of the VBMCMxE ................................................................................................ 9-33

Purpose
This Product Description introduces the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Media Gateway (MGW)
and describes how it connects circuit switched telephone networks to Ethernet packet
switching networks. Its capabilities as Border Gateway (BGW), ensuring network
security, service interworking and accounting in an exclusive Internet Protocol (IP)
network, is described as well.
The document provides an overview of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, focusing on the
general system architecture and the applications: Trunking Gateway (TGW), Time
Division Multiplex (TDM)-switch and Border Gateway.

Reason for reissue

Descriptions of the changes for this document are provided in Appendix A, “Revision
History”.

Readership
This document is intended to be used by network planners, and others desiring to gain an
overview of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW as a Voice over IP (VoIP) or Fax over IP
(FoIP) Trunking Gateway, a Border Gateway, and a Signaling Gateway.

Contents in Brief
This document contains the following chapters:

Chapter 1, “Product Overview”

gives an overview of the features and key benefits of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, as
well as gateway management and applications.
Chapter 2, “Features and Services - Platform”
describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW with
regard to the MGW platform.
Chapter 3, “Features and Services - TGW Application”
describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW with
regard to the MGW trunking gateway application.
Chapter 4, “Features and Services - SGW Application”
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7510 MGW xvii
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA Release 4.2
Issue 4 December 2012
About this document

describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW with
regard to the MGW signaling gateway application.
Chapter 5, “Features and Services - BGW Application”
describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW with
regard to the MGW border gateway application.
Chapter 6, “Features and Services - SFW Application”
describes features and services which apply to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW SIP
Firewall application.
Chapter 7, “Functional Architecture and Software”
describes the architecture and software system components of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW.
Chapter 8, “System Management and OAM”
describes the comprehensive set of system management and OAM tools and features.
Chapter 9, “Physical Architecture and Hardware”
describes the physical architecture of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and its related
hardware.

Frequently Used Abbreviations

Circuit Interface Module (CIM)
Media Conversion Module (MCM)
Packet Interface Module (PIM)
System Control Module (SCM)
Switch Fabric Module (SFM)
Switch Fabric Module 4GE (SFM2)

Related information
Table 1, “Related Documents” (p. xviii) lists other Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW related
documents.

Table 1 Related Documents

Title Part Number

Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW: Installation and Configuration Guide 3FZ-08012-AABB-
PCZZA
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW: Safety Guidelines and Agency 3FZ-08013-AAAA-
Approvals PCZZA
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Commands Reference Guide 3FZ-08152-AABB-
PCZZA

Title Part Number

Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Software Upgrade Guide 3FZ-08118-BBAA-
DFZZA

How to comment
To comment on this document, go to the Online Comment Form (http://infodoc.alcatel-
lucent.com/comments/) or e-mail your comments to the Comments Hotline
([email protected]).

Overview
Purpose
This chapter presents an overview of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Contents

Introduction Product Overview 1-2

Introduction Product Overview 1-2
Network Solutions 1-4
Network Solutions Overview 1-4
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits 1-6
Distinguishing Key Benefits 1-6
General Features 1-8
System Robustness and Stability 1-11
Geographic Redundancy 1-11
Versatile Platform; Combining TGW, BGW and SGW 1-11
Density and Scalability/Performance 1-12
Performance 1-13
System Management and OAM Overview 1-13

Introduction Product Overview

As one of the key components of Alcatel-Lucent's Next Generation Network (NGN) and
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) portfolio, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides
seamless interworking of media streams between the Public Switched Telephone Network
(PSTN) and IP networks, as well as between IP networks.
More and more service providers are transforming their networks into all-IP networks.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW today provides a cost effective solution for PSTN to IP
conversion, and a smooth evolution to a Border Gateway guarding the interface to other
IP-network providers.

Efficient and Reliable Networks

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW combines the reliability and simplicity of voice with the
speed and efficiency of data networks. It features an advanced architecture and interfaces
optimized for packet voice applications, together with carrier-class reliability, availability
and quality.

Single Platform
A single platform, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports multiple media gateway
applications and facilitates the evolution of the PSTN towards a Voice over Packet (VoP)
network and smooth evolution to an all-VoIP network. Based on its modular concept the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports simultaneous operation as TGW, BGW and SGW in
one chassis. All modules of the TGW, except the Circuit Interface Modules (CIM), can be
reused for the BGW application.

Industry Standards
Using open and standardized signaling and control protocols such as Megaco/H.248 and
Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN), it can be deployed with Alcatel-Lucent softswitch and
Media Gateway Controller (MGC) platforms as well as integrated into any multi-vendor
next generation network.

Key NGN Building Block

An NGN contains three main building blocks: softswitches, media gateways and a
packet-based transport network. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is the key element for
Alcatel-Lucent's NGN solutions, setting the foundation for voice quality, reliability,
scalability and performance in the high-density segment. It provides VoIP capabilities and
serves as a key transitional element between today's circuit-switched and packet-switched
telephony networks, and serves as a Border Gateway between packet networks to ensure
network security, service interworking and accounting.

Network Solutions

Network Solutions Overview

As shown in Figure 1-1, “Network Solutions” (p. 1-4), the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
offers the following network solutions:

Figure 1-1 Network Solutions

• Trunking Gateway
• Centralized AGW
• Border Gateway
• Access Transfer Gateway

Trunking Gateway
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers the highest port density in VoIP trunking on a true
carrier grade platform, thereby enabling reliable and cost-efficient utilization of IP
network for transit voice traffic.
By supporting TDM hairpinning (native TDM switching) and avoiding burdening IP
network with local calls, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW enables efficient treatment of
local calls while migrating to an NGN Class 4 solution.
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Network Solutions
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Centralized AGW
The Centralized Access Gateway (CAGW), under the control of a signaling compatible
MGC , supports the following Local EXchange (LEX) bypasses:

PBX Access
By allowing direct Private Branch Exchange (PBX) access to IP-based NGN
platforms, bypassing TDM local exchanges, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
provides cost-efficient Primary Rate Access (PRA) lines for connecting
corporate PBX systems.

Border Gateway + Access Transfer Gateway

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW interworks with the Alcatel-Lucent Session Controller as
Alcatel-Lucent Border Gateway. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Border Gateway Function
(BGF) is to adapt, police and switch media streams.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 integrated SIP Firewall is to adapt, police and switch the SIP
control stream to the Interconnection Border Control Function (IBCF), for example, the
Alcatel-Lucent 5060 MGC-8.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Access Transfer Gateway (ATGW) enables voice continuity
from an LTE to 2G/3G circuit switched network.

Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits

Distinguishing Key Benefits

An Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, featuring a carrier-grade platform and a highly scalable
distributed switching architecture, is specifically designed to meet stringent operator
requirements demanded by Next Generation media gateway applications. Table 1-1,
“Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits” (p. 1-6) lists key benefits uniquely
distinguishing the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW in the media gateway market.

Table 1-1 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits

Key Benefits Feature Description

Versatile platform • TGW Leveraging common media
resources and multihoming
• BGW
(virtualized Media Gateway) in
• SGW one chassis.
Smooth transition TGW -->
BGW.
Full PSTN-network conversion.
Density/Scalability User-configurable number of Available in multiple
Voice Access Modules [Digital configurations, each
Signaling Processors (DSPs)] Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
DSP module has a maximum
capacity to serve 7,000 DS0s
20-slot chassis with a 14 U x 18 simultaneously or 32,000 DS0s
inch x 19 inch size (1 U = 44.45 per gateway for VoIP (64,000
mm) DS0s per gateway for services
w/o media processing).
High Capacity Switching Pool of DSP resources shared The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
Architecture by all ports and interfaces architecture efficiently and
Provides native-mode switching economically increases DSP
and adaptation of different power and packet forwarding
media types including TDM rates without requiring major
and VoIP system upgrades.
The gateway uses an NGN
Features a non-blocking
connection control model to
64Gbit/s packet switch fabric
maintain call processing,
and a non-blocking 10 Gbit/s
independent of other functions,
TDM switch fabric, as well as a
e.g., DSP resource
variety of high-speed
management.
broadband and TDM interfaces

Key Benefits Feature Description

Carrier-Class Reliability Designed with numerous All control, interfaces, and
and Availability redundancy and fault tolerance voice processing hardware
features to provide a very high modules are 1+1 or N+1 (active
level of availability and + standby) redundant and hot
reliability swappable, allowing any
module to be removed and
replaced without shutting down
the system. The Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW includes redundant
power interfaces.
All optical interfaces support
Link Protection Switching
(LPS). Switching from an
active to a standby line does not
result in lost packets.
Latest DSP Technology A pool of high-density Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
DSP-based modules offering DSPs offer dynamic access to
several Voice Codecs and any port or interface to connect
G.168 compliant echo to voice compression and
cancellation is used. packetization, silence
suppression, echo cancellation,
and other packet voice
processing facilities.
Packet to Packet transcoding. Any to any codec.
Packet Loss Concealment PLC is an algorithm used to
minimize distortion in output
voice, caused by packet loss or
excessively late speech packets.
Silence Suppression The voice activity detection in
the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
stops transmission of packets
when periods of silence occur
during a conversation.
Adaptive Jitter Buffer The adaptive jitter buffer
compensates for delay
variations in packet
transmission times during a
VoIP call.

Key Benefits Feature Description

Open Standard Protocols Supports the industry-standard An Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
H.248.1 Version 2 signaling supports an ITU-T H.248 based
protocol to seamlessly open control interface as well
interwork with multiple as related H.248 profile
softswitches. specifications, for example:
• ETSI ES 283 049: H.248
Profile for controlling
Trunking Media Gateways
(TMG) [Endorsement of
3GPP TS 29.332 (V7),
modified]
• ETSI TS 183 018:
Resource and Admission
Control: H.248 Profile
Version 3 for controlling
Border Gateway Functions
(BGF) in the Resource and
Admission Control
Subsystem (RACS); Ia
Interface H.248
to interconnect to
Alcatel-Lucent as well as
non-Alcatel-Lucent MGCFs
using the H.248 protocol.
Multicore/Multithreat Multicore CPUs for high Enables flexible application on
MIPS64 Technology performance call-processing. the Hardware, network
processing, traffic management,
General Purpose Throughput performance monitoring,
Processing. encryption and SGW.

General Features
Table 1-2, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW General Features” (p. 1-8) summarizes the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW general features.

Table 1-2 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW General Features

Features Description
Switching Capacity 10 Gbit/s TDM switch fabric
64 Gbit/s packet switch fabric

Features Description
PSTN Interfaces Up to 32 OC-3/STM-1 [Synchronous Optical Network
(SONET)/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
single-mode or multi-mode with 32*(1+1) redundancy)].
Up to 72 Digital Signal 3 (DS3) electrical interfaces.
Up to 15x32 T1/E1 Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
(PDH) interfaces.
NOTE: The OC-3/STM-1 interfaces are protected in
1+1 redundancy even if N+1 redundancy is selected for
module protection.
Packet Interfaces Up to 8 Gigabit Ethernet with additional 8*(1+1)
redundancy.
NOTE: The interfaces are protected in 1+1 redundancy
even if N+1 redundancy is selected for module
protection.
Management Interfaces Fast Ethernet
1+1 redundancy
RS-232
Local and remote Command Line Interface (CLI)
SNMP agent
Telnet/Secure SHell (SSH)
IP Services IPv4/IPv6 dual stack for GigE-interface (media).
IPv4/IPv6 dual stack for Fast Ethernet interface (MGC).
IPv4 for Fast Ethernet interface (OAM).
Domain Name Service (DNS) client service.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) v.4 support.
IP security (IPsec) using the Encapsulating Security
Protocol (ESP) with Tunnel Mode.

Features Description
Signaling and Call Control H.248.1 Version 2
TISPAN NGN R1 (TGW profile)
ETSI TS 123 002 Mn profile (IMS-MGW)
ETSI ES 283 018 H.248 Ia profile version (BGW
profile)
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
SIGTRAN IUA
SIGTRAN M2UA
SIGTRAN M3UA
SPC (TDM-TDM) for signal link concentration (e.g.
SS7)
SPC (TDM-IP) for signal link forwarding (e.g. user
network signaling, e.g. RSU/CSN signaling)
NOTE: To forward/concentrate signaling links, bundled
in the same physical link as the bearer channels, the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides the opportunity to
configure SPCs per UI.
Clock Synchronization Internal Stratum 2 or 3 clock available
Any TDM Line Timing interface
External clock interfaces:
• Building Integrated Timing Source (BITS)
• Synchronization Supply Unit (SSU)
Timing Redundancy (1+1)
VLAN Support Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) tagging based on
provisioned IP addresses or by H.248 control
Reliability & Redundancy Event log, performance management fault monitoring
and alarm generation
CLI and GUI based SNMP management
1+1 / n+1 redundancy of each module, power, fan tray
Total availability >99,999 %
Quality of Service IP Type Of Service (TOS) packet marking for voice,
signaling, Operations, Administration and Maintenance
(OAM), and other packets set by the User Interface (UI)
or by H.248 control.
Interoperability Alcatel-Lucent softswitch, 3rd party softswitches, VoIP
Gateways and VoIP terminals.

The physical specifications can be found in Appendix B, “Specifications”.

System Robustness and Stability

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following robustness and stability feature.

H.248.11 Overload Robustness

The H.248.11 overload feature is based on a load threshold which is set by using the
relevant OAM command. The MGW load is measured in terms of "processor occupancy".
When the MGW load exceeds the threshold value, the MGW sends an overload event to
the softswitch. As a result, the softswitch should reduce the load on the MGW.

Geographic Redundancy
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports geographic redundancy in a network.

H.248.gri
To enable call server (MGCF, IBCF or SPDF) to synchronize call-context related
information via the MGW, the H.248.gri package is supported. Therefore the call server,
establishing new call contexts, provides the MGW call-context records per context. At
failover the redundant call server obtains these records from MGW, required for further
call processing, while the bearer-path is kept up.

Versatile Platform; Combining TGW, BGW and SGW

The 7510 MGW is capable to operate simultaneously as TGW with TDM interfaces and
BGW providing media and SIP firewall to secure packet-networks. Therefore the 7510
MGW can be split into multiple virtual entities, each providing a separate interface to a
control function, either multiple MGCF, IBCF or a mix of MGCF and IBCF.
Each virtual media gateway can be configured with an MGC specific profile.
Furthermore the 7510 MGW supports a mixed TGW/BGW profile together with
Alcatel-Lucent MGCF/IBCF that allows to address TDM terminations and BGW realms
within one context to generate a cost and operation optimized configuration of TGW and
BGW in one instance.
TDM resources can be assigned via user interface to the corresponding MGCF.
Up to 512 IP realms with unique VLAN ID each, are supported to connect packet
networks (carriers) to the BGW. The IP realms can be assigned individually to a virtual
BGW entity controlled by the corresponding IBCF. IP realms can be assigned to a unique
Gigabit Ethernet interface or can be distributed over multiple Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
Each IP realm is characterized by a media profile.
Each VBPIxGES PIM module hosting the Gigabit Ethernet interface supports up to 512
IP addresses.

Figure 1-2 Multiple Virtual MGW Function

7510 MGW VGW, VLAN, Realm

VGW
IP-Carrier defined by Realm
•max 64 VGWs per 7510 chassis
•System Realm (max. 512; realms could be shared across VGWs)
•Separate H.248@ (IP@ /UDP-port) and H.248-profile per VGW
•Set of IP@ (max. 512 per PIM ; Max. 2500 IP@ per system)
• Assignment of Realms or TDM -interfaces per VGW
•VLAN (optional; 2-4094)
•V-C-BGF (Access realm + backbone)
•CoAC per Realm or GigE (allocate bandwidth budget)
•V-IBGF (IP-Carrier1, Carrier X, + backbone)
•V-TGW (TDM Carrier 3 + backbone)
•Alternative converged TGW/IBGF profile
•Ephemeral resources (DSP, System realms) are shared by all VGWs
•Unique OAM interface for all VGW entities.

VLAN 1
Access-realm
IP@ A1
.
Physical GigE Interface
.
VLAN 2 Carrier 1
IP@ A2

Carrier 1
VLAN 2 IP@ B2
7510 .
V-C-BGF Physical GigE Interface .
MGW .

V-IBGF VLAN 1024 Carrier X

IP@ B1024

Physical GigE Interface

IP-backbone “green”
V-TGW IP@ C1
IP@ C2
Physical TDM Interface Carrier 3 Physical GigE Interface

Signaling FE

Density and Scalability/Performance

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis supports 20 slots and can be configured with five
types of application-specific modules:
• The System Control Module (SCM) performs all management functions and houses
the SIP firewall.
• The Switch Fabric Module (SFM) performs all routing functions (TDM and packet).
• The Circuit Interface Module (CIM) includes OC-3/STM-1, DS3 or T1/E1 interfaces
to receive or forward PSTN traffic.

Performance
Table 1-3, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Performance” (p. 1-13) lists the Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW performance characteristics.

Table 1-3 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Performance

Function Value
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) > 12 years
Context Attempts Per Second (CoAPS) per Gateway [Call Hold 270
Time (CHT) is 120 seconds]
Maximum Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA) per Gateway 972,000

System Management and OAM Overview

Note: Details of the system management and OAM tools and features are available in
Chapter 8, “System Management and OAM”.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a comprehensive set of system management and
OAM tools and features, namely:
• Chassis Management
• Configuration Management
• Fault Management
• Diagnostic Test - BERT
• System Logging and Debugging
• Performance Management
• Security Management
• OAM Interfaces
• Software Upgrade Management

Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
platform.

Contents

Introduction Features and Services - Platform 2-4

Introduction Features and Services - Platform 2-4
Interfaces 2-5
Interfaces 2-5
Signaling Protocols Supported 2-7
Signaling Types 2-7
H.248.1 Version 2 2-7
Multi-Vendor Interoperability 2-8
Multi-Vendor Interoperability 2-8
Virtual Media Gateways 2-9
Virtual Media Gateways 2-9
Voice Codecs 2-10
G.711 Codec 2-11
G.729A/B Codec 2-11
G.723.1 Codec 2-11
G.726 Codec 2-11
AMR2 Codec 2-12
AMR-WB (G.722.2) Codec 2-12
GSM-FR Codec 2-12
GSM-EFR Codec 2-13
GSM-HR Codec 2-13
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G.728 Codec 2-13

EVRC Codec 2-13
G.722 Codec 2-14
Voice-Band and Voice-Band Data Services 2-15
Voice Activity Detection 2-15
Comfort Noise Generation 2-16
Packet Loss Concealment 2-16
Echo Cancellation 2-17
Adaptive Jitter Buffer 2-17
Fax Modem / T.38 2-17
Voice Band Data Mode 2-18
Media Inactivity Detection 2-19
Media Replication 2-19
Inband Signaling Based Call Services - Platform 2-20
Overview 2-20
DTMF Packet Relay 2-20
Inband Signaling Processing 2-20
Digitmap 2-21
Quality of Service 2-22
Quality of Service 2-22
Secured IP-Interfaces (OAM and MGC) 2-25
IPsec 2-25
Telnet/SSH 2-26
Tones and Announcements 2-27
Supported Tones and Announcements 2-27
Redundancy, Reliability, and Availability 2-29
Overview 2-29
System Control Module and Switch Fabric Module 2-30
Packet Interface Module 2-31
Circuit Interface Module 2-31
Media Conversion Module 2-32
Signaling 2-33
Power 2-33
Cooling 2-33
IP Services and Resilience 2-34

Introduction Features and Services - Platform

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW has been optimized to operate in the Next Generation
convergence switch market; it is installed on the boundary between PSTN and packet
networks to convert TDM voice, facsimile signals or Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN) data into packetized data traffic, which is then transported over a packet network,
and vice-versa. This Gateway functions as a high-capacity Trunking Media Gateway to
service VoIP or FoIP calls.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW multiplexes DS0 channels into OC-3/STM-1, DS3 or
T1/E1 structured data transmission streams, and in the reverse transmission direction
demultiplexes these streams into individual DS0 channels.
The gateway operates together with a softswitch (a Media Gateway Controller or BCG),
and can employ the H.248.1 Version 2 and the SIGTRAN XUA signaling protocols to
exchange control messages. The softswitch performs call control to set up a call context,
release a call context, and manage enhanced services.

Interfaces

Interfaces
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the narrowband, broadband, and management
interfaces shown in Figure 2-1, “Interfaces Supported” (p. 2-5).

Figure 2-1 Interfaces Supported

Softswitch
H.248 SIP
Fast Ethernet 1 Gigabit Ethernet

OC–3/STM–1
SFW SIP
or
T1/E1 1 Gigabit Ethernet
PSTN Packet
Media
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW

RS–232 (using SNMP)

COM

Craft Console

OC–3 : Optical Carrier 3

PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Network
SDH : Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SONET : Synchronous Optical Network
STM–1 : Synchronous Transport Module– Level 1
SFW : SIP Firewall

Table 2-1, “Interfaces Supported” (p. 2-5) lists the interfaces supported by the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Table 2-1 Interfaces Supported

Interface Description
PSTN Channelized OC-3/STM-1 SONET/SDH, optical, full duplex,
single-mode and multi-mode
T1/E1 electrical - 100/120 Ω
DS3 electrical - BNC
RTP (VoIP) Gbit/s Ethernet, full duplex, 1+1 redundant

Interface Description
Signaling H.248: 10/100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet, 1+1 redundant
SIGTRAN/SCTP: Gbit/s Ethernet, full duplex, optical, 1+1
redundant
SIP (firewall): Gbit/s Ethernet, full duplex, electrical, 1+1
redundant
Management Redundant 1+1 Fast Ethernet, 10/100 Mbit/s link used for
management. Full duplex, auto-sensing port with unique Medium
Access Control (MAC) address.
CLI interface via RS-232, RJ-45 type connector
Alarm Cut Off (ACO) switch on an alarm panel, external alarm
interface.

Signaling Protocols Supported

Signaling Types
The following signaling types are supported:
• Megaco

H.248.1 Version 2
The H.248.1 Version 2 protocol is an industry-standard media gateway control protocols
which address the relationship between a media gateway and a softswitch (which is also
called a media gateway controller). The softswitch directs an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
to dynamically establish and release voice and data (e.g., fax, modem transparent
channel) connections over a packet network using the H.248.1 Version 2 protocol.

Megaco Features
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW implementation of the Megaco v1.0 protocol includes
Text Encoding and supports the use of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as transport
protocol.
TDM termination ID strings are configurable to guarantee the best possible
inter-operability with softswitches.
For detailed descriptions of the supported Megaco features, refer to the document:
"Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement".

Multi-Vendor Interoperability

Multi-Vendor Interoperability
Open standard-based solutions are the key to promote interoperability among vendors,
and are crucial to service providers deploying multivendor services. Alcatel-Lucent is
committed to deliver open, standard-based solutions.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW allows service providers to deploy equipment from
multiple vendors and reduce risks that stem from rigid, single-service systems.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the industry standard protocol Megaco and
operates together with multivendor softswitch and gateway systems.
TGW application for PSTN Emulation Subsystem as Trunking MGF, according to
"TISPAN NGN Release 1 (TGW profile)" identical to the IMS-MGW defined in TS 123
002 (Mn Interface), is located at the boundary between an IP core network and the
PSTN/ISDN.
BGW application, also called Border Gateway Function, with Ia Interface (ETSI ES283
018 H.248 Ia profile version 1), is located at the boundary between two IP core networks.

Virtual Media Gateways

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be partitioned into multiple Virtual Media Gateways
(VMGs) allowing multiple Controllers to interact simultaneously with disjoint sets of
Contexts/Terminations within the same MGW.
This MGC multi-homing capability provides functionality for geographical redundancy in
case of catastrophic outages at the call control layer (1 MGW is controlled by 2 MGCs at
different locations) as well as for efficiency (multiple MGC-entities can share resources
of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW).
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW allows the assignment of resources to each VMG entity
without service interruption.
The main configuration properties of VMGs in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are the
following:
• The VMG implementation is according to ITU-T H.248.1 chapter 11.1.
• The maximum number of VMGs in a physical MGW is 64.
• All the VMGs can be controlled by different MGCs.
• The granularity per virtual media gateway set is E1.

Voice Codecs

Overview
Purpose
In IP networks, where bandwidth efficiency and compatibility to different VoIP clients
have top priority, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports compressed and
un-compressed voice codecs complying to different requirements. Transcoding for each
codec, supported by the 7510 MGW, is supported in scope of the BGW application.
While compressed codecs did focus on bandwidth savings with VoIP due to limitation at
IP-networks, the focus for HD codecs is on enhanced voice quality. The HD codecs
encode 7.1 kHz of the voice spectrum whereas the traditional codecs did support only 3
kHz, and therefore the so called wideband codecs provide speech quality ahead of
“PSTN-quality”.
The 7510 MGW support the High Definition VoIP codecs G.722 and AMR-WB. The
BGW application of the 7510 MGW enables customers to connect wireless (AMR-WB)
with wireline (G.722) networks maintaining the benefit of HD-voice with true HD
transcoding.

Contents

G.711 Codec 2-11

G.729A/B Codec 2-11
G.723.1 Codec 2-11
G.726 Codec 2-11
AMR2 Codec 2-12
AMR-WB (G.722.2) Codec 2-12
GSM-FR Codec 2-12
GSM-EFR Codec 2-13
GSM-HR Codec 2-13
G.728 Codec 2-13
EVRC Codec 2-13
G.722 Codec 2-14

G.711 Codec
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the A-law and m-law variants of the
un-compressed codec G.711.

G.729A/B Codec
The G.729A/B codecs are becoming accepted standards for voice compression. They use
only 8Kbit/s of bandwidth and, therefore, offer significant bandwidth gain, while still
producing high voice quality. These properties make G.729A/B the de facto standard for,
Wide Area Network (WAN) connections running IP telephony.
The G.729A/B codecs use packet sizes of 10 to 60 ms in steps of 10 ms.
The basic codec is the G.729A. The G.729B is the extended version comprising the
following additional features:
• VAD
• Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)
• CNG

G.723.1 Codec
The G.723.1 codec is used in networks that require maximum bandwidth efficiency. The
supported packet sizes are 30 and 60 ms. The following codec variants are used:
• G.723.1 - ACELP (5.3 kbit/s)
• G.723.1 - MPMLQ (6.3 kbit/s)
Note: This codec is supported by VBMCMxE only and could be provided on
VBCIMCM on request, by mutual agreement.

G.726 Codec
The G.726 codec has an extended inter-operability with VoIP equipment and is, therefore,
widely used. The supported packet sizes are 10, 20 and 30 ms.
The G.726 codec is configurable in four different bitrate variants as follows:
• G.726 variant with 16 kbit/s
• G.726 variant with 24 kbit/s
• G.726 variant with 32 kbit/s
• G.726 variant with 40 kbit/s

AMR2 Codec
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is an Audio data compression scheme optimized for speech
coding. AMR is adopted as the standard speech codec in wireless networks.
The codec has eight bit rates: 12.2, 10.2, 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15 and 4.75 kbit/s. The
bitstream is based on frames which contain 160 samples and are 20 milliseconds long.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the RTP payload format for AMR encoded
speech signals according to RFC3267.

AMR-WB (G.722.2) Codec

G.722.2 is an ITU-T standard wideband speech codec, also known as AMR Wide Band
(AMR-WB), offers even lower bit rate compressions, as well as the ability to quickly
adapt to varying compressions as the network topography mutates. In the latter case,
bandwidth is automatically conserved when network congestion is high. When congestion
returns to a normal level, a lower-compression, higher-quality bit rate is restored.
The codec provides the bit rates: 23.85, 23.05, 19.85, 18.25, 15.85, 14.25, 12.65, 8.85 and
6.60 kbit/s.
G.722 and its variants sample audio data at a rate of 16 kHz, double that of traditional
telephony interfaces, which results in superior audio quality and clarity.
Note: This codec is supported by VBMCMxE card only, support by VBCIMCM card
is planned for next release.

GSM-FR Codec
The Full Rate (FR) speech codec is defined by the ETSI specification GSM 06.10. The
GSM-FR speech codec uses the Regular Pulse Excitation - Long Term Prediction
(RPE-LTP) algorithm and operates at 13 kbit/s.
Note: This codec is supported by VBMCMxE only and could be provided on
VBCIMCM on request, by mutual agreement.

GSM-EFR Codec
The Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec is defined by the ETSI specification GSM
06.60. The GSM-EFR speech codec uses the Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction
(ACELP) algorithm. Working at 12.2 kbit/s the EFR codec provides wirelike quality in
any noise free and background noise conditions. The EFR 12.2 kbit/s speech coding
standard is compatible with the highest AMR-mode.
Note: This codec is supported by VBMCMxE only and could be provided on
VBCIMCM on request, by mutual agreement.

GSM-HR Codec
Note: This codec could be provided on request in alignment with customer team.
The Half Rate (HR) speech codec is defined by the ETSI specification GSM 06.20. The
GSM-HR speech codec operates at 5.6 kbit/s and thus requires half the bandwidth of the
GSM-FR speech codec.
Note: This codec is supported by VBMCMxE only and could be provided on
VBCIMCM on request, by mutual agreement.

G.728 Codec
Note: This codec could be provided on request in alignment with customer team.
The G.728 speech codec operates at 16 kbit/s and uses the Low-Delay Code Excited
Linear Prediction (LD-CELP) algorithm.

EVRC Codec
Note: EVRC-B 4GV with minimum bandwidth of 2 kbps in scope of satellite
communication could be provided on request in alignment with customer team.
EVRC(A) and EVRCB with header-free packet format according to RFC 4788.
Discontinuous Transmission;
EVRCB is an extension of EVRC(A) and provides a fourth data rate (1/4) in comparison
to EVRC(A) to reduce average data rate.
Note: This codec is supported by VBMCMxE only and could be provided on
VBCIMCM on request, by mutual agreement.

G.722 Codec
G.722 is an ITU-T standard 7 kHz wideband speech codec operating at 48, 56 and 64
kbit/s.
The coding system uses sub-band adaptive differential pulse code modulation
(SB-ADPCM) within a bit rate of 64 kbit/s. G.722 sample audio data at a rate of 16 kHz,
double that of traditional narrowband codecs, which results in superior audio quality and
clarity.
Note: This codec is supported by VBMCMxE card only, support by VBCIMCM card
is planned for next release.

Voice-Band and Voice-Band Data Services

Overview
Purpose
This section describes Voice-Band and Voice-Band Data Services.

Contents

Voice Activity Detection 2-15

Comfort Noise Generation 2-16
Packet Loss Concealment 2-16
Echo Cancellation 2-17
Adaptive Jitter Buffer 2-17
Fax Modem / T.38 2-17
Voice Band Data Mode 2-18
Media Inactivity Detection 2-19
Media Replication 2-19

Voice Activity Detection

The Voice Activity Detection (VAD) in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW stops transmission
of speech data when periods of silence occur during a conversation by monitoring the
traffic stream at the transmitting end (to detect audio silence based on audio power falling
below a certain threshold). During such periods, no audio payload packets are sent,
increasing transmission efficiency.
Silence suppression can be enabled or disabled.
If silence suppression is enabled it will be automatically disabled on detecting a facsimile
or modem traffic stimulus.
VAD can be configured in four different modes:

off
no VAD, i.e., packets are always sent.
transparent
is an alternative to the "off" mode, but with an adaptive threshold that will not rise
above -62 dBm).
conservative

is the best compromise between voice quality and bandwidth consumption; the
adaptive threshold will not rise above -42 dBm).
aggressive
The aggressive mode is suitable for voice with very low-level background noise: the
adaptive threshold will not rise above -36 dBm).

Comfort Noise Generation

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses Comfort Noise Generation to supply a non-silent
audio signal to a listener (person) during intervals of silence suppression. This comfort
noise masks the audible clipping effects of activating and de-activating the voice channel.
Comfort noise also avoids uncomfortable, total silence that would otherwise be
experienced by a listener during periods of silence suppression. Characteristics of the
source silence are used to generate the comfort noise, making the silence suppression less
noticeable to a listener.
CNG can have the following settings:

off
generates absolute silence.
white
all frequencies have the same power level (flat spectrum).
pink
uses a spectrum with high frequency roll-off; more closely matched to typical
background noise conditions (compliant to ITU-T standard P.800).
spectral
CNG according to G.711 - Appendix II (described in the ITU-T G.711 specification).

Packet Loss Concealment

PLC is an algorithm used to minimize distortion in output voice, caused by packet loss or
excessively late speech packets according to:
• G.711 - Appendix I.
• Embedded PLC algorithm in all compressed codecs.

Echo Cancellation
An echo is commonly introduced at the four-wire (PSTN switch) to two-wire (local loop)
hybrid interface in a circuit-switched network due to impedance mismatch. The
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW suppresses this echo before it propagates to the VoIP network
by implementing an integrated echo canceller that complies with G.168. This echo
canceller delivers up to 128 milliseconds tail length of cancellation (see Table 2-2, “Echo
Cancellation Supported” (p. 2-17)).

Table 2-2 Echo Cancellation Supported

Echo Cancellation Features Description

Standards Supported ITU G.168
Maximum Tail Length using MCM 128 ms
board: VBMCMxE:

Echo cancellation can be enabled or disabled for each individual channel; it is desired on
a channel when voice is being transmitted, but is often undesirable when a channel is
carrying other types of information, like tones, facsimile, or modem traffic.

Adaptive Jitter Buffer

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides an adaptive jitter buffer having a configurable
upper limit of 135 milliseconds. This jitter buffer compensates for delay variations in
packet transmission times during a VoIP call, which causes jitter. The jitter buffer stores
received packets for the configured amount of time, and afterward forwards them to the
G.711 codec at a more stable rate. To achieve a minimum of delay, the buffer adapts to the
actual network jitter.

Fax Modem / T.38

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports different types of Fax transmission through the
IP network, namely:
• Fax Relay over T.38
• Fax Pass Through (i.e. transport of fax-signal in VBD-mode)

Fax Relay over T.38

This is the recommended version for efficient, economic and reliable Fax transport and
includes additional services.
• Fax relay over T.38 using UDP/IP
• Support of transferred Training Check Frame (TCF)
• Support of redundant UDP error correction
• support of all rates of V.17, V.27 and V.29
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• Bandwidth limitation by setting maximum bit rate for Fax transfer
• Support of up to 20% port capacity for simultaneous Fax relays
T.38 with Parameter Negotiation
This option provides inter-operability with existing VoIP networks, independent of the
used protocol (H.323, SIP, H.248, etc.). On interworking with an Alcatel-Lucent
softswitch, full compatibility to T.38 is offered. The relevant parameters can be
exchanged via the signaling protocol.

Fax Pass Through

Fax pass through is used when endpoints are not T.38 compatible. The Fax transmission
with Fax pass through is based on G.711.
On recognition of Fax events, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW will switch to Voice Band
Data (VBD) mode to provide a completely transparent transport layer for Fax
transmission. About VBD mode see “Voice Band Data Mode” (p. 2-18).

Voice Band Data Mode

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the VBD-mode for modem calls according to
the V.152 standard. On recognition of modem tones, a switch to VBD-mode is performed
to speed up the support for modem calls.
Additionally, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports tone detection to switch to
VBD-mode of the following modem standards: V.21, V.22(bis), V.23, V.32, and V.34.

V.32ext
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the V.32ext specific modem detection and, the
procedure to switch autonomously to VBD-mode, which guarantees the data transport.

Text-Phone
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports "Text-phone-pass-through", i.e., the text-phone
protocol. This protocol allows a mixed mode communication, i.e., low bitrate text
messages can be forwarded during a voice call.
VBD stimuli criteria for the text telephony applications are according to V.152.

Robust VBD
Optionally the robust VBD mode, according RFC2198, can be enabled, sending
redundant packets to prevent distortion of modem/fax transmission, caused by packet
loss.

Media Inactivity Detection

Dedicated Media Inactivity Detection Timers enable the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW to
monitor the status of IP connections for each Media Type. The Media Inactivity Detection
of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports several media types like Audio, Video, Image,
Message and Application.
The use of separate inactivity detection triggers for RTP and RTCP packets allows a
flexible adaptation to a wide range of network requirements. The tuning of configurable
time periods for each media type allows an intelligent integration of the Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW into several IP network architectures.
The detection of media inactivity is notified to the Media Gateway Controller. It allows
the MGC to disconnect media sessions that were not properly released on the part of
signaling.
This feature can be used for status monitoring of IP– Bearers sessions. The feature is
available on Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW used as Centralized Border Gateway Function
(C–BGF), IBGF and TGW in an IP based network as shown in Figure 1-1, “Network
Solutions” (p. 1-4).
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports ITU–T recommendation H.248.40 (Gateway
control protocol: Application data inactivity detection package).
Due to the implementation of H.248.40 on Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW the operator has
the possibility to protect the network against hanging terminations and unused bearer
resources. For example an unused resource can be a result of kept alive connections for
unnecessary long time.
Media Inactivity Detection on Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW complemented with a
sufficient action started by the Media Gateway Controller improves the efficiency of the
whole network.

Media Replication
To supervise each bearer session, processed by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, it provides
media replication for voice media traffic towards mediation device at packet network
controlled by MGC using topology and stream descriptor.
The media replication can be used to implement special services which could be
requested by local law.

Inband Signaling Based Call Services - Platform

Overview
Inband signaling based call services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, in
TGW application as well as for BGW application in media aware mode, include the
following:
• DTMF Packet Relay
• Inband Signaling Processing
• Digitmap

DTMF Packet Relay

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the transmission of DTMF tones to forward
Named Telephone Events (NTEs) according to the RFC2833 and RFC4733 standard. By
default the payload type is negotiated dynamically Optionally, the payload type can be
configured to ensure compatibility with H.323 VoIP networks.
In BGW application the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW may transcode DTMF digits received
inband in IP-realm A to NTE-messages in IP-realm B. By media profile the media
capabilities per IP-realm are configurable.

Inband Signaling Processing

The following Inband Signaling Processing features are available with the Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW:
• Digit Collection Service
• Digit Map State Machine
• Digit Outpulsing Service

Digit Collection Service

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW collects DTMF and Multi Frequency (MF) tones. These
tones are analyzed and stored as digits. Notification about the received digits to the
softswitch is realized by a Digitmap-state machine.

Digit Map State Machine

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses a Digitmap-state machine to realize extended digit
collection services. The following extended digit collection services are available:
• Interaction on each detected digit (no post dial delays)
• Credit/calling card calls
• Triggering the re-origination of special functions
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The Digitmap-state machine can be adapted to customer requirements by simply adapting
the eXtended Markup Language (XML)-style configuration file.
With each call, the digitmap and its relevant parameters can be provided. These
parameters are:
• Maximum amount of digits
• First digit timer
• Fast inter-digit timer
• Remaining inter-digit timer
• International inter-digit timer
Up to 48 digit can be buffered by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, without receiving a
valid digitmap from the softswitch.
The Digitmap-state machine can perform the following actions:
• Reset dialing
• Collect digits
• Ignore digits
• Notification of invalid actions
• Activate/reset timer
• Switch Digitmap-state machine

Digit Outpulsing
Additionally to the detection, storing and analyzing of digits, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW also supports the outpulsing of digits.

Digitmap
A Digit Map is a dialing plan resident in the Media Gateway and used to detect and report
digit events received on a termination. A Digit Map and its name is loaded into the Media
Gateway by an MGC. Digit Maps are implemented according to the H.248 standard, i.e.
maximum 195 bytes per termination.

Quality of Service

Quality of Service
Due to the delay-sensitive nature of packet voice communications, service providers
require well engineered, end-to-end IP networks to successfully deploy high quality VoIP
services. Service providers can use three fundamental techniques to support QoS across
their IP networks:
• Providing excess network bandwidth
• Static and dynamic bandwidth reservation
• Traffic prioritization.
Of these three techniques, traffic prioritization is the most economical and powerful way
to support differentiated services. Fine-tuning IP networks to adequately support QoS
involves DiffServ and IP ToS features, which are used to mark packets to achieve
prioritization. Traffic prioritization features are widely deployed in core backbone routers
and switches; they can work together with media gateways that support the same
techniques.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is able to prioritize different types of traffic, depending
on the priority of a given traffic stream; it tags voice packets with a priority value that
backbone switches and routers then use to prioritize traffic. Once a packet has been
tagged with a priority value, subsequent switches and routers along the transmission path
use the tag to identify traffic that is to receive preferential treatment.
There are two standards enabling end-to-end traffic prioritization across IP networks, the
IP ToS, and DiffServ; the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports both of them. For both IP
ToS and DiffServ, routing decisions in the IP network are based on the same six bits in the
IP v.4 header (see Figure 2-2, “IP Header for ToS and DiffServ” (p. 2-23)). Values of
these bits are in accordance with the IP ToS or DiffServ core network architecture.
With the H.248.52 package (ex H.248.QoS) a property to control the setting of the
DiffServ field of the IP header, as defined in IETF RFC 2474 is available. The MGC can
set the quality of service for egress media flows without having to provision the MGW
with a default Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value.
This enables individual marking per IP termination to specify the proper QoS level per IP
realm and media stream.

Figure 2-2 IP Header for ToS and DiffServ

IP TOS DiffServ

IPv4 Packet Header IPv4 Packet Header

IPv4 TOS Byte DS Byte

0 2 3 6 7 0 5 6 7
not
TOS DSCP
used
Precedence MBZ

Type of Service Field RFC 1349 Defines: Recommended DSCP: RFC 2597
1000 – Minimize Dely 001010 (low), 001100 (medium), 001110 (high) – AF Class 1
0100 – Maximize Throughput 010010 (low), 010100 (medium), 010110 (high) – AF Class 2
0010 –Maximize Reliability 011010 (low), 011100 (medium), 011110 (high) – AF Class 3
0001 – Minimize Monetary Cost 100010 (low), 100100 (medium), 100110 (high) – AF Class 4
0000 – Normal Service

DiffServ : DifferentiatedService
DS : DiffServ
DSCP : Differentiated Services Codepoints
IP : Internet Protocol
RFC : Request for Comments
0193_qos_ed01 TOS : Typ of Service

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW simply marks the packets accordingly and sends them to
the core network (IP Backbone (see Figure 2-3, “Forwarding Voice Packets using
Backbone Routers” (p. 2-23)). The core network routers must be able to identify
ToS-packets or DiffServ-packets, as well as be able to associate priorities with service
levels, to forward these voice packets across the core network using packet prioritization
and congestion control techniques.

Figure 2-3 Forwarding Voice Packets using Backbone Routers

Classification
Marking Backbone
Traffic Policing Routers
Scheduling

7510 7510
Media Gateway Media Gateway

Classification Per Hop Behaviour

Marking Precedence queuing
Traffic Policing Weighted scheduling
Scheduling Priority dropping

0208_forvoipack_ed01

Secured IP-Interfaces (OAM and MGC)

Overview
Purpose
This section describes Secured IP-Interfaces (OAM and MGC).

Contents

IPsec 2-25
Telnet/SSH 2-26

IPsec
The IETF has developed a method of ensuring secured data transmission in packet
networks that use the IP protocol, called IPsec.
IPsec uses powerful new encryption technologies to add security services to the IP layer
of data transmission, allowing network operators to secure communications in their
network.
IPsec is compatible with the existing IP standard, IP v.4, which is planned to become
mandatory in the succeeding IP standard, IP v.6.

IPsec Features
The IPsec implementation in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains the following
features:
• The encryption mechanism is Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP). The following
encryption/authentication methods are supported:
– DES (maximum 56 bit)
– 3DES (maximum 168 bit)
– MD5 (maximum 20 bit)
– SHA1 (maximum 16 bit)
– NULL
• Tunnel Mode
• Manual Key Exchange
• Supported IPsec interfaces are:
– Signaling Interface (see Table 2-1, “Interfaces Supported” (p. 2-5))
– Management Interface (see Table 2-1, “Interfaces Supported” (p. 2-5))

Telnet/SSH
A secured Telnet session can be established between a remote client and the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW using Secure SHell (SSH). It uses public-key cryptography, to
authenticate the remote computer, and data encryption.

SSH Features
The SSH implementation in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains the following
features:
• The following encryption/authentication methods are supported:
– DES
– 3DES
– AES
– MD5
– SHA-1
• Key exchange methods:
– DH group1
– DH group14
• Public key algorithms:
– RSA
– DSS
• Supported SSH interfaces are:
– Management Interface (see Table 2-1, “Interfaces Supported” (p. 2-5))

Tones and Announcements

Supported Tones and Announcements

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers tones and announcements generation.

Supported Tones
The following DTMF/MFR1/MFR2F tones are supported on TDM or RTP terminations:
• Basic call progress tones
– Dial tone
– Ringing tone
– Busy tone
– Congestion tone
– Special info tone
– Payphone recognition tone
– Call waiting tone
– Caller waiting tone
• Expanded call progress tones
– Comfort tone
– Vacant number tone
– Special condition dial tone
• Basic services tones
– Recall dial tone
– Confirmation tone
– Held tone
• Expanded services tones
– Call transfer dial tone
– Call forward tone
• Intrusion tones
– Intrusion tone
• Continuity test tones
– Continuity check tone (2010 Hz)
– Continuity check response tone
Note: The corresponding Megaco package and signal ID to play the tones are
supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
Manual trunk test
• Generation of check tone (1004 Hz)
• Detection of check tone
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Note: The Manual trunk testing is initiated and controlled by the MGW 7510 based
OAM commands.

Supported Announcement Features

The following announcement features are supported:
• Announcements can be played on all TDM terminations simultaneously.
• Announcements and tones can be enabled at RTP or TDM terminations
• Generic Announcement Package (H.248.7)
• "SCC" dial tone (tone that has to be played out as an announcement)
• Multiple recorded announcements
• Calling card confirmation tone (tone that has to be played out as an announcement)
• Up to 48 announcements with variable length, total 360 seconds. Each announcement
of maximum 60 seconds.
• Announcements Repeat Count (number of times to play the announcement; value "0"
means play the announcement continuously; default = 0)
Note: The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can start/restart the announcements at any
phase of the call set-up.

Redundancy, Reliability, and Availability

Overview
As NGN technologies progress toward offering expansion alternatives to PSTN networks,
softswitches and media gateways must guarantee the highest level of reliability and
availability to meet the most stringent exchange deployment requirements. The
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW has been designed with several redundant and fault tolerance
features to provide the highest level of availability and reliability.
An Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports three hot-swappable fan trays and as many as 20
modules having 1+1 or N+1 redundancy. The unit is designed to support continuous
operations and have no single point of failure.
Table 2-3, “Hardware Redundancy” (p. 2-29) summarizes redundant components in an
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Table 2-3 Hardware Redundancy

Hardware Redundancy (active + standby)

Fan tray Three fan trays, load-sharing, only two required for operation.
Media Conversion Module Pooled architecture scheme in 1+1 or n+1 redundant
configurations.
Circuit Interface Module SDH CIM: 1+1 or n+1
PDH CIM (E1/T1): n+1
PDH CIM (DS3): n+1
Packet Interface Module 1+1 or n+1
System Control Module 1+1
Switch Fabric Module 1+1
Power A+B power feed, 1+1
Timing Two sources of external SSU or BITS network timing signals and
line timing source
Signaling Port Two Fast Ethernet ports, 1+1.

The following operational processes have been optimized to prevent adverse effects to
service availability:
• Software upgrades
• Fault management
• Route establishment
• Service expansion.

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The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis was designed to support hot-swappable,
redundant power sources and cooling devices. All control modules and TDM and packet
interfaces, as well as voice processing modules, are fully redundant and hot-swappable.
This allows each module to be removed and replaced during operation (without shutting
down the gateway).
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW also offers fully redundant software applying to system
control, call processing, signaling, and routing. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Fault
Tolerant Application Manager (FTAM) software detects internal and external outages, and
restores services automatically when possible.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is designed for a 99.999 % availability.
The following sections describe how each module in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
operates in a fault-tolerant mode.

System Control Module and Switch Fabric Module

The System Control Module and the Switch Fabric Module redundancy feature applying
to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW allows a standby System Control Module to provide
backup, if the active System Control Module fails. It also allows system software
upgrades to be performed without incurring downtime.
The System Control Module copies all configuration information stored in the active
System Control Module into the standby System Control Module. In the event of active
System Control Module failure, the standby System Control Module reads its
configuration file, re-starts the appropriate routing protocol, and rebuilds the routing
tables and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) entries. The standby System Control
Module assumes communication with the softswitch without effecting the state of current
calls.
The System Control Module also houses the SIP Firewall (SFW), located on an Advanced
Mezzanine Card (AMC). Purpose of this SFW is to protect IBCF from SIP signaling
attacks by filtering the unprotected SIP traffic on the interface to a peer network, before it
will pass to the IBCF. This SFW is also redundant like the System Control Module, and
also provides link protection for the trusted and the untrusted transmission links.
The packet switch fabric (c-PSF) on each System Control Module connects to all modules
in the system using two redundant 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet MAC controllers. This
provides redundant backplane connectivity to the rest of the system. All modules can
receive backplane traffic on either bus. If a fault occurs on the packet switching fabric of
the active System Control Module, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW immediately switches
all traffic to the packet switching fabric on the standby System Control Module.

Packet Interface Module

If an active Packet Interface Module fails, the System Control Module designates the
standby Packet Interface Module as the active module, and informs all other modules of
the state changes made. An ARP broadcast response is sent using the newly enabled
Packet Interface Module ports to ensure that subsequent data sent to the corresponding IP
interface is directed toward its new new port.
The System Control Module can also switch over the functions of one Packet Interface
Module to another Packet Interface Module without disrupting traffic; this is done for
maintenance purposes. Each link or channel state is monitored individually. If a link or
channel failure is detected and reported, the FTAM informs all other modules. When a
'link down' message is received, each module clears address database and ARP entries
pointing to the failed channel, ensuring that the information in the forwarding tables is
current and correct.

Equipment Protection Switching - EPS

PIM protection groups can be configured in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, when two
Media Interface Modules (MIMs) are installed in adjacent slots, both being connected to
one active and one standby PIM of an active and standby PIM pair. In this situation, when
the active PIM experiences a fault, an EPS in the active MIM automatically switches over
to the standby PIM. This action is known as Equipment Protection Switching (EPS).

Link Protection Switching - LPS

Similarly, if a data line connected to a PIM experiences a fault condition, the on-board
Central Processing Unit (CPU) in the PIM controls a Link Protection Switch (also part of
the PIM) to perform a line change from the defective line to an alternate line, ensuring
continued data transmission. This action is known as Link Protection Switching.
In addition the 7510 MGW supports Bi-directional Forwarding Detection as described in
“IP Services and Resilience” (p. 2-34).

Circuit Interface Module

If an active Circuit Interface Module fails, the System Control Module designates the
standby Circuit Interface Module as the active module, and informs all other modules.
The newly activated Circuit Interface Module sends a signal through the TDM fabric to
indicate its change of status. When the Media Conversion Modules detect this TDM
signal, they switch over to the new TDM fabric. Since all TDM connections are
identically set on the newly activated Circuit Interface Module, this transition has no
impact on current calls.

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Equipment Protection Switching - EPS
CIM protection groups can be configured in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, when two
MIMs are installed in adjacent slots, both being connected to one active and one standby
CIM of an active and standby CIM pair. In this situation, when the active CIM
experiences a fault, an Equipment Protection Switch in the active MIM automatically
switches over to the standby CIM. This action is known as Equipment Protection
Switching.

Automatic Protection Switching - APS

If a data line connected to a CIM experiences a fault condition, the on-board CPU in the
CIM controls an Automatic Protection Switch to perform a line change from the defective
line to an alternate line, ensuring continued data transmission. This action is known as
Automatic Protection Switching (APS) in SONET based networks.
The MGW 7510 supports APS 1+1 for bidirectional non-revertive and unidirectional
non-revertive mode.

Multiplex Section Protection

As part of an SDH network the 7510 MGW supports Multiplex Section Protection (MSP).
The MSP link protects the connection to an other network similar to an APS protection.

Media Conversion Module

By default, all Media Conversion Module operate in an N+1 redundant mode. All control
messages to the Voice manager server in the MCM are forwarded transparently via the
synchronization manager. The synchronization manager is responsible for distributing the
data of all registered calls in the active MCMs to the standby MCM. The standby MCM is
always synchronized with the data of all active MCMs and ready to takeover the function
of one of these modules.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can also assign the non-redundant mode to MCM
modules.
If an active Media Conversion Module fails, the System Control Module designates the
standby Media Conversion Module as the active module, and informs all other modules
of these changes. The Circuit Interface Module immediately swaps the TDM data streams
connected to the failed Media Conversion Module to the newly activated Media
Conversion Module. The Packet Interface Module and the System Control Module update
their forwarding tables, to allow all entries in their tables to point to the correct DSP in
the newly activated Media Conversion Module.

Signaling
The Megaco or SIGTRAN signaling links between a softswitch and an Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW are fully redundant. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW terminates the Megaco
or SIGTRAN signaling links on the 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet ports of a pair of fully
redundant System Control Modules. From the 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet port of the System
Control Module, each Megaco or SIGTRAN signaling connection can be transmitted
from the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW over the IP network using different physical routes,
and terminate on two physically redundant interfaces in the softswitch. This configuration
avoids any single point of failure for Megaco or SIGTRAN signaling traffic. The
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW also provides a 'keep alive' function serving the signaling
links to ensure correct communication.
The control software in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW maintains a database of all call
termination IDs and call contexts, and can manage queues to process all pending
messages to be sent to the softswitch. The control software maintains this database and
the corresponding message queues on the standby System Control Module. If the active
System Control Module fails, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW automatically switches over
to the standby System Control Module, which then automatically communicates with the
softswitch without effecting the states of active calls.

Power
Each module in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses one of two parallel power sources
that are connected to the backplane of the chassis to provide power redundancy. The two
power sources are either both -48 V, or both -60V DC. If the active power source fails, the
system automatically switches to the standby power source.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW hardware manages power source status, low voltage, and
corrective action if a power source fails. The voltage available to all modules is also
monitored; if the voltage provided to a board falls below the level required for reliable
operation, the affected board executes a fault-initiated hard reset.

Cooling
There are three fan trays in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and all are active.
Each fan tray contains three fans.
Fan status and overall chassis temperature are continuously monitored. The chassis
management software issues commands to the fan trays to adjust fan speeds. If the
temperature is determined to be above the limit allowed, the fan speeds are increased to
reduce the temperature.
The system also sends appropriate traps to the network management software when a
change in fan status occurs.
During maintenance, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be operated with two fan trays.
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Features and Services - Platform Overview
IP Services and Resilience
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IP Services and Resilience

Overview
Purpose
This section describes IP Services and Resilience.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW features comprehensive IP routing using a complete IPv4
protocol set.
IPv6 applies to the media plane and H.248 control plane. The OAM interface and the
SGW application are restricted on IPv4 support.
In addition, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports NTP to synchronize its system time
with various network time servers in accordance with RFC 1305 (see below).

Contents

Network Time Protocol - NTP 2-34

Gratuitous ARP 2-35
Bi-directional Forwarding Detection - BFD 2-35

Network Time Protocol - NTP

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports NTP version 4 in accordance with RFC 2030, to
synchronize the local Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW system time with one or more network
time servers. This provides a reliable and precise timing reference for all logging services.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW periodically sends NTP messages to the time server and
adjusts its local system time with the time stamp embedded in the reply messages.
The Daylight Saving Time (DST) switchover/switchback is configurable per calendar
function for the next years.

Gratuitous ARP
Gratuitous ARP is a layer-2 redundancy mechanism for IP links.
In case of a link or I/O-board failure, the old IP address is preserved, but a new / different
MAC address is assigned to the redundant Ethernet-interface.
In practice this means that the PIM will send out, via the new IP-interface (i.e., via the
new active link), a gratuitous ARP-request (according to the IP mobility RFC2002),
advertising the new MAC address in conjunction with the old IP address.
Based on the new MAC address information, included in the ARP-request, all layer 3 (IP)
terminating network elements in the same IP-subnet have to update their ARP-table. The
ARP-table update function, in the terminating network elements, has a self-learning
capability, documenting a new route (new HW port, new MAC@), leading to the fail-over
MIM.

Bi-directional Forwarding Detection - BFD

Bi-directional Forwarding Detection (BFD) - Version 1 is a low-overhead, short-duration
detection of failures in the path between two systems.
If a system stops receiving BFD messages for a long enough period (based on the
configuration), it is assumed that a failure along the path has occurred and the associated
application is notified.
BFD provides on interoperability with a BFD capable router (e.g. 7750) comprehensive
IP network resilience.
Typically two BFD sessions are configured per IP-interface to supervise the availability
of two redundant packet-edge routers. If one session is failing, the packet-routing is
forwarded to an alternative packet-edge router. If both BFD sessions fail, an IP-interface
takeover is initiated.
Towards IP core-network the packet-edge router advertises availability of the MGW
dependent on the BFD session state.
The BFD feature is available on the Gigabit Ethernet interfaces (VoIP) and the Fast
Ethernet interface (Signaling).

Switching and Interworking Modes

Overview
Purpose
The following topics present the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW switching and interworking
modes.

Contents

TDM To/From RTP 2-36

TDM Hairpinning 2-37
Border Gateway 2-39

TDM To/From RTP

The interworking mode: TDM to/from RTP is a standard Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
feature, see Figure 2-4, “TDM To/From RTP” (p. 2-36).

Figure 2-4 TDM To/From RTP

MCM
DSP

CIM SFM PIM

DSP
MCM

TDM Hairpinning
Definition of TDM Hairpinning
TDM Hairpinning is a scenario whereby a call is made between two TDM endpoints on a
single Media Gateway. The media comes in on one TDM channel and goes out on another
TDM channel through the use of an internal loop in the Media Gateway.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW features three TDM-hairpinning modes, namely:
• TDM Hairpinning Without DSP Involvement
• TDM Hairpinning With DSP Involvement
• TDM Hairpinning With DSP and PIM Involvement

TDM Hairpinning Without DSP Involvement

The switching mode: TDM-hairpinning without DSP involvement creates a loop in the
SFM using the native TDM switch without voice quality degradation, see Figure 2-5,
“TDM Hairpinning Without DSP Involvement” (p. 2-37).

Figure 2-5 TDM Hairpinning Without DSP Involvement

MCM

CIM SFM PIM

DSP
MCM

TDM Hairpinning With DSP Involvement

The interworking mode: TDM-hairpinning with DSP involvement creates a loop in the
SFM using the native packet switch without voice quality degradation. Before and after
the switching, the media is converted using a DSP in the MCM, see Figure 2-6, “TDM
Hairpinning With DSP Involvement” (p. 2-38).
This interworking mode is generally used in case of TDM-based voice processing, e.g.,
echo cancelling, gain control, etc.

Figure 2-6 TDM Hairpinning With DSP Involvement

MCM
DSP

CIM SFM PIM

DSP
MCM

TDM Hairpinning With DSP and PIM Involvement

The interworking mode: TDM-hairpinning with DSP and PIM involvement applies in the
cases where two different H.248 contexts are two call legs of the same call (the MGC is
not aware that these two "calls" are in fact one and the same call). The two call legs are
joined in the PIM, see Figure 2-7, “TDM Hairpinning With DSP and PIM Involvement”
(p. 2-39).
This interworking mode is required with supplementary services like, e.g., call
forwarding or call transfer.

Figure 2-7 TDM Hairpinning With DSP and PIM Involvement

MCM
DSP

CIM SFM PIM

DSP
MCM

Border Gateway
Definition of Border Gateway
Border Gateway is a function whereby a call is made between two RTP session endpoints
located typically in different IP realms (packet Interfaces in different packet networks) on
a single Media Gateway. The media comes in on one RTP/RTCP session and goes out on
another RTP/RTCP session through the use of an internal loop in the Media Gateway.
All other media streams, not negotiated via signaling interface, are rejected and the BGW
acts as dynamic firewall.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW features two stream modes within BGW application,
namely:
• MediaAgnostic (w/o DSP involvement)
• MediaAware (with DSP involvement)
Both stream modes are supported within a virtual BGW instance. Even in one H.248 call
context a mixture of stream modes is supported.

BGW Without DSP Involvement

The media stream mode MediaAgnostic (without DSP involvement) is typically used for
pure pinholing with Network Address Translation (NAT), see Figure 2-8, “BGW Without
DSP Involvement” (p. 2-40).
If the RTP/RTCP sessions are on different PIMs, the IP-packets are switched via SFM.
This is not needed if both sessions end on the same PIM.
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Features and Services - Platform Border Gateway
Switching and Interworking Modes
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Figure 2-8 BGW Without DSP Involvement

MCM
DSP

CIM SFM PIM

PIM

DSP
MCM

BGW With DSP Involvement

The media stream mode MediaAware (with DSP involvement) is used with media
processing functions like voice transcoding (codec conversion), service transcoding
(FAX/DTMF to VBD), traffic policing and enhanced media statistics.
A packet to packet loop is created in the SFM switch and includes media processing using
a DSP, see Figure 2-9, “BGW With DSP Involvement” (p. 2-40).

Figure 2-9 BGW With DSP Involvement

MCM
DSP

CIM SFM PIM

DSP
MCM

Switched Connection Types

Connection Types
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW features the following switched connection types:

Dynamic Standard Connections

A dynamic connection is the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW standard connection type.
Dynamic connections are established using H.248 connection control.

Dynamic Test Connections

Dynamic test connections include:
• Continuity tests
• Loopback tests

Semi Permanent Connections

SPCs have the following properties:
• They are established using OAM Commands.
• A self-healing mechanism restores an SPC in case of loss of connection.
• An alarm is generated in case the link goes down.

Manual Trunk Test Connections

Manual trunk test Connections have the following properties:
• They are established using OAM Commands.
• They are used for diagnostic testing on TDM DS0 connections.
• They base on generation and detection of a check tone.

Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes features and services which apply to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
Trunking Gateway application.

Contents

Circuit-Mode Data Services 3-2

Introduction Circuit-Mode Data Services 3-2
Monorate 64k Unrestricted Digital Information 3-2
Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment - DCME 3-3
Inband Signaling Based Call Services - TGW Application 3-4
TDM to TDM Hairpinning with Media Processing 3-4
FSK 3-4
Semi-Permanent Connections 3-5
SPC without Media Processing 3-5
SPC without Media Processing with DCME 3-5
SPC with Media Processing 3-5

Circuit-Mode Data Services

Overview
Purpose
This section describes the Circuit-Mode Data Services of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
Trunking Gateway application.

Contents

Introduction Circuit-Mode Data Services 3-2

Monorate 64k Unrestricted Digital Information 3-2
Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment - DCME 3-3

Introduction Circuit-Mode Data Services

ISDN monorate bearer services (e.g., ITU-T I.231.1, I.231.3) are based on 1x64 kbit/s
bearer channels, whereas ISDN multirate bearer service are defined by Nx64 kbit/s
structures.
Circuit mode data services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW include the
following:
• Monorate 64 kbit/s Unrestricted Digital Information
• Multirate Nx64K Wide-Band Data Services

Monorate 64k Unrestricted Digital Information

In digital, circuit-switched networks, bearer capabilities are requested by ISDN call
control signaling during the call set-up phase. This information is passed by the
softswitch in the gateway control protocol (Megaco/H.248) to the gateway. Through this
trigger, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is capable of switching to "Clear mode" (on IP
side, according IETF RFC 4040) in order to transmit a bearer with 64 kbit/s UDI (e.g.,
video telephony, G.722 wideband telephony, or digital data transmission).

Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment - DCME

Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment (DCME) is often used in front of International
Switching Centers (ISCs) to enhance efficiency on long distance TDM links.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can convert these ISCs to NGN using the Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW as International Gateway (IGW).
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can interface with DCME according to Q.50A or Q.50B
and supports the H.248.42 DCME package for communication with the corresponding
MGC.

Inband Signaling Based Call Services - TGW

Application

Overview
Purpose
This section describes the Inband Signaling Based Call Services of the Alcatel-Lucent
7510 Trunking Gateway application.

Contents

TDM to TDM Hairpinning with Media Processing 3-4

FSK 3-4

TDM to TDM Hairpinning with Media Processing

In addition to native TDM hairpinning, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers media
processing for future applications. For this purpose, a DSP is involved. Media processing
can be enabled/disabled by the softswitch on a per call basis, using the H.248 protocol.
The following media processing features with TDM to TDM hairpinning are available:
• Echo Cancellation
• Tone Detection
• A-law/m-law conversion (planned for next release)

FSK
For the centralized access gateway application the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) to realize the Calling Line Identification Presentation
(CLIP) service for analog lines connected via analog line concentrator.
The MGC provides CLIP relevant data via the H.248.23 package to the 7510 MGW.

Semi-Permanent Connections

Overview
Purpose
This section describes the Semi-Permanent Connection types of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
Trunking Gateway application.

Contents

SPC without Media Processing 3-5

SPC without Media Processing with DCME 3-5
SPC with Media Processing 3-5

SPC without Media Processing

An SPC without media processing connects either 2 TDM-ports, or one RTP-port and a
TDM-port. This type of SPC could be used to concentrate signaling links associated to
bearer links within a PCM link and forward to an signaling end-point.
An SPC without media processing can connect two entire PCM links (E1/T1) as well.

SPC without Media Processing with DCME

An SPC without media processing with DCME connects 2 TDM-ports and supports
additionally the DCME protocol to extract signaling links out of PCM links connected to
DCME equipment.

SPC with Media Processing

An SPC with media processing connects either 2 TDM-ports, or one RTP-port and a
TDM-port, and involves a DSP for media processing. This type of SPC is usually used for
long-term bearer connections with echo cancellation or compression.
Note: The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports maximum 4096 SPCs.

Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes features and services which apply to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
Signaling Gateway application.

Contents

Embedded Signaling Gateway 4-1

Embedded Signaling Gateway

Within NGN VoIP Networks, when signaling information is transferred within a packet
switched network, a signaling gateway function is required to transform the TDM-signals
used in a PSTN to signals used in the packet switched network, and vice-versa. In the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, the SIGTRAN protocol family is used to perform this
required embedded signaling gateway function.

SIGTRAN IUA
The SIGTRAN IUA protocol is used between a softswitch and an Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW to transport Q.931 via IP and to terminate it at the softswitch.
A hardware configuration based on SFM (VBSFM ) supports a maximal capacity of 256
(IUA) signaling links.
A hardware configuration based on SFM2 (VBSFM4G1) module supports a maximal
capacity of 400 (IUA) signaling links.

SIGTRAN M2UA
The SIGTRAN M2UA protocol is used to transport the SS7 signaling over IP networks
on layer 2, using SCTP.

Entry M2UA Capacity on SFM / SFM2

A hardware configuration based on SFM (VBSFM) supports a maximal capacity of 16
(M2UA) signaling links with 0.1 Erlang.
A hardware configuration based on SFM2 (VBSFM4G1) supports a maximal capacity of
32 (M2UA) signaling links with 0.2 Erlang
Note: The IUA and M2UA function is available at the basic hardware platform and
don't need specific hardware modules. The capacity varies on resources required for
MGW call processing. The maximum capacity can only be reached in exclusive
IUA/M2UA mode. By realization of M2UA on PIM2 module the full IUA capacity
can be used in any case.

Large M2UA Capacity on PIM2

For extended capacity the M2UA application could be operated w/o internal redundancy
at the VBPIxGES PIM module.
Maximum M2UA capacity: 64 SS7-links at 0.2 Erlang per VBPIxGES-module (max 2
modules per chassis). The capacity per chassis is 128 SS7 links at 0.2 Erlang.

SIGTRAN M3UA
The SIGTRAN M3UA protocol enables the 7510 MGW to operate as SGW and forward
the SS7 protocol's User Parts to MGC over IP. The system provides the backhauling mode
and is capable to run in ETSI or ANSI environment. The SGW module is based on the
VBPIxGES PIM module running a specific software-package on it.
The SGW application supports up to 128 logical SS7 networks.
Maximum M3UA capacity: 64 SS7-links at 0.2 Erlang per VBPIxGES-module (max 2
modules per chassis). The capacity per chassis is 128 SS7 links at 0.2 Erlang.

Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes features and services which apply to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
Border Gateway application.

Contents

Introduction Features and Services - BGW Application 5-2

Context Admission Control 5-3
Dynamic Media Firewall and Gate Management 5-4
Traffic Policing 5-4
Address Translation, Hosted NAT Traversal, and Connectivity 5-4
IP Version Interworking 5-4
Media Aware Mode (Transcoding and Media Resource Functions) 5-5
QoS Tagging and QoS Statistics 5-5
Peering Partner Monitoring 5-6
Multimedia Support 5-6
BGW Specific H.248 Packages 5-7
Access Transfer Gateway 5-7

Introduction Features and Services - BGW Application

In Alcatel-Lucent's NGN and IMS solutions the 7510 MGW acts as decomposed BGW
function including the I-BGF to manage peering with other carriers and A-BGF to
manage access IP-networks. For the BGW application the 7510 MGW inter-works with:
• IBCF/SPDF using the Ia-interface in the role of I-, C- and A-BGF according IMS
TISPAN
• IMS-ALG using the Iq-interface in the role of an IMS Access Gateway according
3GPP 23.228, Annex G
• IBCF using the Ix-interface in the role of a Transit Gateway according 3GPP 23.228,
Annex I
The feature set allows operating the 7510 BGW as well as GSMA IPX media-node for
IP-interconnect.
Alcatel-Lucent's approach of embedding BGW functions into these widely deployed
MGW platform has been well received by many customers as the ideal solution for
evolving their networks from TDM towards IP. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW saves
CAPEX/OPEX through re-use, scalability and IMS compliance. Because it provides
simultaneous session connectivity for any mix of TDM and IP on a single platform, the
solution boosts deployment flexibility and enables economy-of-scale savings by
aggregating more traffic per node.

Figure 5-1 BGW Application

The Border Gateway Function controls the transport boundary at layers 2, 3 and 4
between service provider networks. It controls access by packet filtering on IP-media
address/port and opening/closing gates (pinholes) into the network and uses Network
Address and Port Translation (NAPT) to hide the IP addresses/ports of the service
elements in the IMS/NGN core. Quality of Service (QoS) packet marking, bandwidth rate
policing, usage metering and QoS measurements for the media flows are additional
features supported by the BGW. Optionally the BGW includes media aware functions. It
supports the media types audio and video on UDP and multiple streams within one H.248
context.

Figure 5-2 BGW Features List

Context Admission Control

Per IP realm (access or peering) a max-bandwidth threshold can be defined. New context
creations are accepted as long as the cumulated bandwidth of all streams stays below the
threshold. The reserved bandwidth per stream is derived from b-line in the Session
Description Protocol.

Dynamic Media Firewall and Gate Management

• Acts as a media firewall: does not allow any media through unless it has been
negotiated via a signaling session. A media pinhole is not opened until directed by the
signaling controller, based on a negotiated session.
• Latching for C(A)BGF function to learn address and port of access-device.
• Prevention of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.

Traffic Policing
• Limit the traffic bandwidth for each session instructed via traffic management
package
• The peak data rate or sustainable data rate, maximum burst size and delay variation
tolerance per stream could be instructed individually per session.
• Call Admission Control: max. bandwidth configurable for Gigabit Ethernet interface,
IP realm or VLAN. * Realized in Media agnostic mode from R3.1 onwards

Address Translation, Hosted NAT Traversal, and Connectivity

• Provides topology hiding: hides data that exposes internal network information
outside the provider's network. This is achieved for the media path with network
address translation (NAT) / network address port translation (NAPT).
• Support of different or overlapping IP address realms of the interconnected networks
including VLAN support.
• Multiple IP realms could be assigned to GigE interface. It's recommended to distribute
the IP realms via multiple GigE interfaces to enable flexible capacity extension by
adding further GigE interfaces vs. exclusive IP realm assignment to specific GigE
interfaces. Per chassis up to 512 IP realms are supported and the "system realms"
feature allows the usability of IP realms across multiple VGW instances.
• VLAN tagging provisionable per IP realm or signaled via H.248 for VPN bridging.

IP Version Interworking
• The introduction of IPv4/IPv6 dual stack enables an IP-version translation across IP
realms controlled by signaling. Per IP realm you may assign either a unique
IP-protocol version (IPv4 or IPv6) or both versions, i.e., an IPv4 and an IPv6 address
could be assigned to one IP realm.

Media Aware Mode (Transcoding and Media Resource

Functions)
• For media aware services MCM modules with DSP are required for media processing
• Transcoding (any to any within supported codec-set) of media streams to fulfill the
peer network's media standards like default codec, packetization time, voice activity
detection and more.
• Media profiles per realm to define Inter-working for Fax and DTMF per carrier.
• RTCP Extended Report (RTCP XR) filter could be enabled per realm to avoid
incompatibility with non-compatible peer-networks.
• Media Resource Functions for tones and announcements
• Media replication for Lawful Intercept
• Media Inactivity Detection
• Extended Media Statistics (please refer to QoS statistics for further details)

QoS Tagging and QoS Statistics

• Dynamic packet marking per stream, Differentiated Services (DiffServ). or TOS and
VLAN to guarantee QoS in IP-backbone, transition to MPLS pipes by packet edge
network element
• Provides key performance voice metrics on a per-session basis; using Real-time
Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) data (used as well for call accounting records)
– Media usage statistics like duration of session and sent/received packets/octets
– Media quality statistics like round trip delay, packet-loss and jitter
– Extended Media (H.248.XNQ) quality statistics in media aware configuration for:
□ Time degraded by network problems
□ Network Degraded Seconds Count
□ Network Severely Degraded Seconds Count
□ Time degraded by jitter buffer adaptations
□ Maximum IPDV range within RTCP cycle
□ Global Maximum Jitter range
□ IPDV Sum
□ IPDV Cycles
□ Jitter buffer adaptation events
□ RTP cumulative packet loss
□ Max/xMinimum round trip delay

Peering Partner Monitoring

• The peering partner or rather the IP-connectivity could be supervised and reported to
the controller (IBCF) via the H.248 protocol. On notification the IBCF has the
opportunity to select an alternative route to the peering partner.
• To signal the peering partner service degradation, the BGW does not respond to
supervision heartbeat if registration to the controller (IBCF) is lost.

Multimedia Support
The C-BGF and IBGF supports multiple media types typically used in scope of IMS:
• Media type Audio and Video over UDP
• Multiple streams (max. 4) within one call context
• Packet size up to 1522 byte
• Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP) over TCP.
Instant Messaging (IM) clients use for enhanced messaging the MSRP protocol in
'session mode', e.g., in scope of Rich Communication Suite (RCS) within IMS for
video sharing, file sharing ...
Note: For instant messaging the 'page mode' defined in MSRP is used, i.e., transport
via control plane. Media plane and BGF is not involved.
In liaison with Alcatel-Lucent IBCF/P-CSCF the BGW application supports NAT
traversal for MSRPoTCP required for communication with clients located behind a
non SIP-aware firewall and for P2P communication when TCP session originator is
not well defined.
• Further media and protocol types are planned in future releases..

BGW Specific H.248 Packages

• H.248.37; IP NAPT traversal package
• H.248.41; IP domain connection package + IP Realm availability package
• H.248.43; Packages for Gate Management and Gate Control
• H.248.52; Quality of Service Package (diffserv)
• H.248.53; TMAN TrafficMgmt
• H.248.56; (VPN package) includes vlan-tag (802.1q) and 802.1p.

Access Transfer Gateway

The Alcatel-Lucent IMS solution for VoLTE could be enhanced by introduction of
ATGW/ATCF function according to 3GPP R10 The ATGW function enables LTE-2G/3G
enhanced Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (eSRVCC). The application ATGW could
be operated exclusively or collocated to C-BGF function or further applications at the
MGW platform.
The eSRVCC provides the voice continuity from LTE coverage to 2G/3G circuit switched
network, necessarily ensuring the pleasant experience for VoLTE users, aiming at
comparable handover performance with legacy circuit switched network.

Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes features and services which apply to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 SIP
Firewall application.

Contents

SIP Firewall Overview and Main Features 6-1

SIP Firewall Features 6-4
IP Filtering and Classifier 6-5
IP/UDP/ICMP/TCP DoS Attacks Mitigation 6-5
Networking Features 6-6
Redundancy 6-6
SIP over TLS 6-7
SIP Firewall Capacity 6-7

SIP Firewall Overview and Main Features

Alcatel-Lucent provides a peering border architecture consisting of:
• An IBCF that supports SIP signaling interworking
• A BGW that supports the RTP bearer functionality
• An organic SIP signaling firewall to protect the IBCF from SIP signaling attacks

Figure 6-1 SFW Application

Figure 6-1, “SFW Application” (p. 6-2) shows the Alcatel-Lucent border solution. The
SFW (SIP Signaling Firewall) is located on the edge of the network in front of the IBCF.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 BGW has internal firewall functionality to protect the bearer
network from external attacks, but additionally a signaling firewall is needed to protect
the IBCF from SIP signaling attacks.
The SIP firewall is located in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW on the System Control
Module (SCM). Only the SIP signaling messages pass through the SFW; bearer packets
pass through the BGW media layer.
High-level functionality of the SFW is:
• Network Address/Port Translation
• Load Sharing among IBCF CCS
• n-tuple Filtering
• SIP Support
• Malicious Attack Prevention
• IP Realm Separation
• Per SIP Method Rate Limiting
• IBCF Geographic Redundancy Support
• Overlapping IP Address Support

Figure 6-2 SIP Firewall Functionality

The SIP firewall is built around a SIP stateless Record-Route Proxy that has been
enhanced to be able to track dialogs and transactions. For that purpose that SIP firewall
inserts itself in the route (inserts via and record-route headers) and provides Topology
Hiding for the IBCF it protects. It is the next SIP hop for that IBCF.
Since it operates as a stateless Proxy, it owns one IP interface on the trusted side and one
IP interface on the untrusted side depending on the deployment model.

SIP Firewall Features

SIP Parser Attack Prevention
Only the SIP header is analyzed by the SIP Firewall, the SDP is not analyzed:
• only accepts SIP messages which are properly formatted
• only mandatory SIP headers are parsed
• provides a limit for SIP message sizes (header and total message size)

Protection Against SIP DoS and Distributed DoS Attacks

• Rate limits per types of messages
This is the first level of protection. When the untrusted SIP message is out of its rate,
it is dropped by the SIP firewall.
• Transaction tracking
The SIP firewall is aware of the transactions and can drop out of sequence messages
as well as the duplicate messages.
• Dialog tracking
Dialog tracking is provided for INVITE dialog only. It permits to track transaction
inside a dialog. Transactions that are out of sequence are blocked, for example it may
block blind CANCEL or BYE attacks.
• Initial Request Flooding attack detection
The SIP firewall is able to detect a transaction flooding attack and to isolate SIP
messages that correspond to the signature of the attacker.
• DDOS attack mitigation on initial INVITE
When all the fields uses for flooding detection changes on each SIP message the SIP
firewall is not able to detect the source of the attack by just analyzing the SIP
message. The detection is based on a threshold of bad response for a given signature
by tracking the behavior of the transaction. When that threshold is reached, all the
initial INVITEs matching that signature have their rate downgraded. That
downgrading remains until the bad response counters drop below the normal
threshold. That mechanism will impact legitimate traffic that match the same
signature, but avoids setting up the source IP address in quarantine and by the way
blocking an entire peer. Typically, in case of IP spoofing attack if the SIP firewall puts
the source IP in quarantines the attack is successful, because the SIP firewall blocks
the legitimate source.

IP Filtering and Classifier

The SIP firewall performs a 5-tuple classification on the untrusted side to accept or reject
an IP frame:
• Protocol
• Source IP address
• Destination IP address
• Destination port
• IEEE 802.1Q tag

IP/UDP/ICMP/TCP DoS Attacks Mitigation

• IPv4/IPv6 dual stack
Any packet with an invalid/malformed IP header is dropped. This includes the control
of IP checksum, Time to live, IP version and IP header length.
UDP, TCP and ICMP are supported only (SCTP is planned for the future).
• IP re-assembly of fragmented packages
The IP reassembly is provided for UDP and TCP protocols. The SIP firewall provides
protection against most of the threats resulting from fragmentation, e.g. Overlapping,
Buffer Full, and others.
• UDP
The SIP firewall provides protection against UDP short header, flood prevention or
packets with incorrect checksum.
• ICMP
The SIP firewall supports the necessary ICMP types, like echo request/response.
Others will be dropped.
• TCP
The SIP firewall is protected against threats on TCP, which includes SYN flood, TCP
RST attack, TCP sequence prediction attack or Sockstress attacks.

Networking Features
• Remote SIP ports replication on trusted side
The SIP firewall is configured with a routing table that permits to perform the
mapping between the trusted SIP port and the SIP port of the remote IBCF on the
untrusted side. This is 1:1 mapping.
• Single Point of Contact
On the untrusted side the SFW can be configured to be the single point of contact for
the remote peers while operating in a networking environment that provides
separation among the peer networks.
• Transparent to forking
When the local I-BCF decides to fork, the SIP firewall is transparent.
• L2/L3/L4 SIP-aware firewalling
The SIP firewall provides L2/L3/L4 firewalling which is SIP aware on the untrusted
side and thus does not require any external firewall. That solution provides better
performances versus a solution with a separate L2/L3/L4 firewall. In case of
overloading, the drop is performed at SIP level and not at L3 or L4 level. This avoids
dropping legitimate SIP traffic.
• IPv4/IPv6 address overlapping / VPN separation
VPN separation and IP address overlapping is supported on the untrusted side by
usage of IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging.
• Reliable Transport
Beside UDP only TCP is supported in that release. TCP connections are terminated at
SIP firewall level.

Redundancy
The SIP firewall operates in 1+1 redundancy mode. It provides redundancy for the
established calls but not for the transaction inside or outside a dialog.
Also the Gigabit Ethernet links carrying the SIP streams (trusted and untrusted) are 1+1
redundant.

SIP over TLS

On the peering interface enhancement will be to support secured SIP transmission. From
several options the Transport Layer Security (TLS) method is selected.
Main features:
• TLS 1.0 (minimum recommendation)
• CA management (CLI available): mutual authentication
• TLS domain per Peer Network
• Peering Point statically configured (no registration)

SIP Firewall Capacity

Figure 6-3 SIP Firewall Capacity

Overview
Purpose
This chapter provides information concerning the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW architecture
and hardware.

Contents

Introduction Functional Architecture and Software 7-3

Scalable Capacity 7-3
Usage 7-4
Efficiency 7-4
Quality of Service - QoS 7-5
Redundancy, Reliability and Availability 7-5
Media Gateway Functional Architecture 7-7
Functional Architecture 7-7
System Control Module 7-9
Switch Fabric Module 7-10
Circuit Interface Module 7-13
Packet Interface Module 7-15
Media Conversion Module - VBMCMxE 7-16
Capacity, Scalability and Redundancy 7-18
Summary of Module Functions 7-19
Backplane Structure 7-21
TDM Bus 7-21
Data Bus 7-21
Redundant Bus 7-22
Clock Distribution Bus 7-22
Clock Generator 7-23
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Supported Clock Features 7-24

Software 7-25
Kernel Software 7-27
Network Layer Software 7-27
Application Layer Software 7-29
Voice Processing 7-31
Software Redundancy 7-31
Fault Management 7-33
Error detection and recovery 7-33

Introduction Functional Architecture and Software

Overview
Purpose
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW was specifically designed to meet the requirements
applying to a carrier-grade media gateway that can connect TDM circuit-switched
networks to IP packet-switched networks. It employs a highly flexible dual switching
architecture that permits large scale TDM and packet switching operations. TDM and
packet switching operations occur in this gateway simultaneously.
Some important considerations that were involved when developing the Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW were:
• Scaleability, regarding the ease with which the system capacity can be increased to
meet the demands of growing future traffic requirements
• Usage, i.e., network integrated and stand-alone installations
• Efficiency in terms of components that can be shared to reduce overall production
costs
• Reliability.

Contents

Scalable Capacity 7-3

Usage 7-4
Efficiency 7-4
Quality of Service - QoS 7-5
Redundancy, Reliability and Availability 7-5

Scalable Capacity
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW possesses dedicated bandwidth to support native
transport of high capacity packet voice traffic within the gateway.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports up to 30,240 simultaneous VoIP sessions in a
single chassis, using the following interfaces per module:

PSTN interfaces

Three PSTN interface types:

• 4 optical OC-3/STM-1 interfaces per module (up to 8 active modules per
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW)
• 9 electrical DS3 interfaces per module (up to 8 active modules per Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW)
• 32 T1/E1 interfaces per module (up to 15 active modules per Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW)
Packet interfaces
One optical Gigabit Ethernet IP interface (up to 8 active modules per Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW)
DSP module
Up to 6K VoIP ports and 6 active DSP modules per Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW (allows
high capacity; also when compressed codecs are used)

Usage
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be deployed in standalone configurations in a
distributed network topology, or in a rack configuration in centralized installations. The
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is designed to be a VoIP Trunking Gateway that can be
further optimized to operate in future gateway applications.

Efficiency
Efficiency is guaranteed by using a DSP architecture and shared memory.

DSP Architecture
Flexible switching and a pooled DSP architecture are employed to allow
application-specific optimization. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW architecture ensures
maximum versatility and reliability by pooling DSP resources and assigning them
dynamically.
Note: The dynamic allocation of DSPs is very efficient and flexible in case of TDM
hairpinning, because DSPs can be inserted or removed in mid-call.
Forwarding resources and DSPs are physically available to each port on any TDM or
packet interface. Distributed forwarding and resource pooling in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW serve to optimize the cost of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - the most expensive
components, DSP resources and forwarding engines, are shared by all ports and
interfaces.

Shared Memory
The memory used for classification, buffering, and to store routing tables is also shared
by all modules, further reducing the total cost of the gateway.

Quality of Service - QoS

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers advanced QoS service levels pertaining to packet
voice traffic, from best effort to guaranteed delivery; the gateway implements DiffServ
and IP TOS to differentiate QoS priorities that are maintained for all modules (see also
“Quality of Service” (p. 2-22)).

Redundancy, Reliability and Availability

As NGN technologies begin to offer an alternative to PSTN networks, softswitches and
media gateways must guarantee the highest level of reliability and availability to meet the
most stringent deployment requirements applicable to exchange environments. The
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW has been designed incorporating numerous redundancy and
fault tolerance features to provide the highest level of gateway availability and reliability.

Redundancy
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports as many as 20 modules having 1+1 or N+1
redundancy. It is designed to support continuous operations without any point of failure.
Consistent configuration information and replicated call data are maintained in each
standby module; this prevents losing active calls when an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
switches from an active to a standby module, e.g., to perform maintenance or upgrade
actions.
Each module contains complete software copies to ensure that the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW remains online while software upgrades are being performed or should a module
fail.
Communication between the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and a softswitch is also fully
redundant (see also “Redundancy, Reliability, and Availability” (p. 2-29) ).

Redundancy Groups
To combine software and hardware redundancy the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is
configured as a set of redundancy groups. Every 1+1 redundancy group contains a pair of
physical modules, the related interfaces and software. An n+1 redundancy group consists
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of n+1 physical modules and the corresponding interfaces and software. These logical
groups allow the access to other modules and resources using logical addresses, while
hiding their physical presence.

Additional Redundancy
Additionally, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers full software redundancy:
• System control functions
• Call processing
• Call signaling
• Routing
• Memory.

Media Gateway Functional Architecture

Overview
Purpose
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is a multi-purpose hardware/software platform.
A short description of the functional architecture, as well as individual functional
descriptions of the modules involved follow.

Contents

Functional Architecture 7-7

System Control Module 7-9
Switch Fabric Module 7-10
Circuit Interface Module 7-13
Packet Interface Module 7-15
Media Conversion Module - VBMCMxE 7-16
Capacity, Scalability and Redundancy 7-18
Summary of Module Functions 7-19

Functional Architecture
Each Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW simultaneously interfaces to a TDM network and an IP
network.
Logical interconnections of the functional modules inside of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW are shown in Figure 7-1, “Logical Interconnections of the Functional Modules”
(p. 7-8).

Figure 7-1 Logical Interconnections of the Functional Modules

Fast Ethernet Link to MGC

System SIP
Control G Eth
Module Firewall

F Eth F Eth F Eth F Eth

Media Conversion
Module

Multi–DSP System

TDM G Eth
Circuit Packet
Interface TDM G Eth Interface
Module Module
Circuit Switch Packet
(TDM) Fabric
TDM Module G Eth
Circuit Packet
Interface Interface
Module Module

Circuit–Oriented Functions Packet–Oriented Functions

DSP : Digital Signal Processor

F Eth : Fast Ethernet
G Eth : Gigabit Ethernet
0198_loinhm_ed02 TDM : Time Division Multiplex

The functional architecture shown involves the following modules:

• System Control Module
The system control software and the optional SIP firewall software are stored in the
SCM.
• Switch Fabric Module
The Switch Fabric Module contains the packet switches and circuit switches.
• Media Conversion Module
The Media Conversion Module provides pooled DSP resources.
• Circuit Interface Module
The Circuit Interface Module contains channelized OC-3/STM-1 and T1/E1
interfaces. It provides the time stage of TDM switching, which, e.g., is used together
with the space stage switch on the SFM, to perform TDM hairpinning.
• Packet Interface Module
The Packet Interface Module contains the optical Gigabit Ethernet uplink ports, and
provides the first stage of packet switching (tier 1 switching).

System Control Module

The System Control Module uses a Packet Switching Fabric (PSF) (the c-PSF) to provide
dedicated 100 Mbit/s Ethernet links to manage and communicate with every other module
in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. The System Control Module initializes, configures,
resets, and performs run-time management of the system; it also gathers system statistics
and performs diagnostic testing.
The System Control Module also provides out-of-band management ports (Ethernet and
RS-232) to connect to a crafts port, and an alarm manager that supervises external alarms.
The SCM provides a forwarding server to forward traffic from a Media Conversion
Module, and from the packet switch fabric, which is part of the Switch Fabric Module. It
also includes the System Route Server (SRS) and System Management Server (SMS)
functions.
The SRS calculates routes and performs route distribution.
The SMS provides overall system control (e.g., resetting and monitoring the status of
different modules) and downloads copies of software (software images) that are to be
stored in other hardware modules.
The SCM also houses the SIP firewall on an AMC sub-card, including the dedicated GE
connections for the SIP traffic.
The functional architecture of the System Control Module is shown in Figure 7-2,
“Functional Architecture of the System Control Module” (p. 7-9).

Figure 7-2 Functional Architecture of the System Control Module

Packet Switch To Media Conversion Module

Fabric
Central Controller To Packet Interface Module
Processing
Unit To Craft
Physical
Controller To Fast Ethernet
Block
SDRAM

NVRAM To Alarms
Chassis
To Fans
Management
To Fuses
Modules
To Status
PROM

Flash
Memory

0200_fumoscm_ed02

Table 7-1 System Control Module Functions

Feature Description
Functions System Management
Megaco/H.248 application software
Control of media switching
OAM
SIP signaling firewall application
Redundancy 1+1 redundant - one active, the second a hot standby
EPS and LPS for Fast Ethernet interface (signaling and OAM)

Switch Fabric Module

To maximize performance, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW incorporates two types of
switches on the Switch Fabric Module. Each switch, called a switch fabric, is optimized
to process a specific type of traffic, i.e., TDM traffic (in the circuit switch) or packet
traffic (in the packet switch, d-PSF). The Switch Fabric Module is a high capacity module
that simultaneously processes TDM- and packet-switching.
The functional architecture of the Switch Fabric Module is shown in Figure 7-3,
“Functional Architecture of the Switch Fabric Module” (p. 7-11).

Figure 7-3 Functional Architecture of the Switch Fabric Module

Packet Circuit
Switch Switch
Fabric Fabric

Central
Processing
Unit
Controller
Controller Manager
SDRAM Target

NVRAM

PROM

Flash
Memory

0209_sfm_ed01

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW incorporates a fully redundant pair of non-blocking 16

Gbit/s packet switch fabrics and a fully redundant pair of non-blocking 10 Gbit/s circuit
(TDM) switch fabrics on the Switch Fabric Module.

Circuit (TDM) Switch Fabric

Each one of the 32 circuit (TDM) switch fabric carries 9000 DS0 circuits, and performs
all TDM distribution, switching, and grooming functions.
The distributed TDM switching architecture of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports
termination of DS0s. It also supports 100 % TDM hairpinning by providing a full
DS0-level cross-connect inside of the gateway. This avoids any kind of TDM format
conversions and associated transfer delays that occur when sending TDM traffic across a
non-circuit (TDM) switch fabric.

Packet Switch Fabric

The packet switch fabric (the d-PSF) on the SFM maintains the data plan and provides
interconnections between the MCM and PIM modules, allowing VoIP packets to be
exchanged between them. The packet switch fabric provides a dedicated bandwidth of
multiple Fast Ethernet/Gigabit segments to each module.

External Connections
Figure 7-4, “External Switch Fabric Module Connections” (p. 7-12) shows the
connections between the Switch Fabric Module and other modules.
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Figure 7-4 External Switch Fabric Module Connections

Media 1 1 Circuit
Conversion Circuit Interface
Module (TDM) Module
2
1
1
Media Circuit
Conversion Packet Interface
Module 2 Module

Switch
System Packet
3 Fabric 2
Control Interface
Module
Module Module
1/2/3

Switch
Packet
Fabric
Interface
Module
Module
Standby

1 TDM 1.25 Gbit/s

2 Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbit/s
3 Fast Ethernet 100 Mbit/s
TDM : Time Division Multiplex

0199_conramo_ed02

The Switch Fabric Module uses dedicated 1.25 Gbit/s TDM-links to communicate with
every Circuit Interface Module and the Media Conversion Module, as well as dedicated 1
Gbit/s Gigabit-Ethernet-links to communicate with every Packet Interface Module and the
Media Conversion Module within the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW to process signaling
information and transport voice-traffic.
The Switch Fabric Module possesses out-of-band management ports (Ethernet and
RS-232) to connect to a crafts port, and an alarm manager that supervises external alarms.

Summary of Functions
Table 7-2, “Switch Fabric Module Functions” (p. 7-12) lists the functions of the Switch
Fabric Module.

Table 7-2 Switch Fabric Module Functions

Feature Description
Functional Performs switching of Ethernet packets
Performs forwarding of packets that originate from Media
Conversion Modules
Scalability & Performance The packet switch fabric supports scalability through two
generations of density evolution
Redundancy 1+1 redundant - one active, the second is a hot standby
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Table 7-2 Switch Fabric Module Functions (continued)

Feature Description
Capacity Packet switch: 16 Gbit/s
Circuit switch: 10 Gbit/s

Circuit Interface Module

Two types of CIMs are available:

SDH CIM
Contains 4 OC-3/STM-1 ports, supporting either a SONET or SDH network
PDH CIM
Contains 32 T1/E1 ports, supporting a PDH network

All PSTN functions, including signaling, monitoring, timing, and alarm processing, are
managed by processors on the CIM. The CIM also performs TDM switching, (e.g., to
perform hairpinning), and distributes traffic to the Media Conversion Module.
A SDH-CIM module could be configured in n+1 or 1+1 redundancy group (EPS). The
PDH-CIM runs always in n+1 configuration.
The EPS configuration protects the CIMs and the APS takes care of the link protection.
The active CIM performs line interfacing, timing recovery, framing, and TDM switching
and grooming. A fully equipped Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can carry more than 32,000
DS0s protected in this manner (4 active and one standby SDH-CIM).
In case of a pure TDM switching configuration, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can carry
up to 64,512 DS0s (i.e., 2 redundancy groups each with 4 active and one standby
SDH-CIM).
Figure 7-5, “Functional Architecture of the Circuit Interface Module” (p. 7-14) shows the
functional architecture of the Circuit Interface Module.

Figure 7-5 Functional Architecture of the Circuit Interface Module

TDM
To Line Interface a. To Switch Fabric Module
Multiplexor

Central
Processing
Unit
Controller

SDRAM

PROM Clock
Recovery To SSU or BITS Input

BITS : Building Integrated Timing Source

PROM : Programmable Read Only Memory
TDM : Time Division Multiplex
SSU : Synchronization Supply Unit
0211_famocim_ed02

Table 7-3, “Circuit Interface Module Functions” (p. 7-14) lists the functions of the Circuit
Interface Module.

Table 7-3 Circuit Interface Module Functions

Feature Description
Functional Provides a TDM receive and transmit interface, performing full
DS0-level extraction.
Provides up to two timing domains; each domain can be
synchronized to any TDM interface.
Provides up to two TDM switches, which are full DS0-level
capable.
Plugable SFP module with multiple laser modes.
Scalability & Performance The TDM switch supports distribution to all Media Conversion
Modules.
The TDM switch supports DS0 switching locally on the Circuit
Interface Module.
Redundancy SDH supports 1+1 or n+1 EPS and 1+1 APS redundancy for an
SDH or SONET configuration.
PDH supports n+1 EPS
redundancy for a T1/E1
configuration.

Packet Interface Module

The Packet Interface Module possesses a high-speed IP interface in the form of an optical
Gigabit Ethernet interface. The Packet Interface Module accepts and forwards packets to
and from the core packet network.
The Packet Interface Module provides the backbone packet network interface using an
optical multimode Gigabit Ethernet interface. In addition, the Packet Interface Module
functions include:
• Line termination
• Framing
• Packet buffering on input
• Fairness policing on input
• Forwarding Buffering on output
• Rate shaping on output.
The VBPIXGES card can be allocated as Packet Interface Module with max 1 active
GigE interface or as SGW. The card can be configured with both MIM boards (VMPIM,
VMPIM2) and both SFM variants (VBSFM, VBSFM4G1).
The VBPI4GE card can be allocated as Packet Interface Module with max 2 active GigE
interfaces. The card requires for operation VMPIM2 and VBSFM4G1.
The EPS configuration protects the PIM cards and the APS takes care of the link
protection.
Figure 7-6, “Functional Architecture of the Packet Interface Module” (p. 7-15) shows the
functional architecture of the Packet Interface Module.

Figure 7-6 Functional Architecture of the Packet Interface Module

Memory
Central
Processing Line
To Packet Network
Unit Block
Memory
Controller
Backplane
SDRAM To Switch Fabric Module
Block

PROM Central
Processing
Unit

0201_fumopim_ed02

Table 7-4 Packet Interface Module Features

Feature Description
Functional Provides the backbone line receive interface
Supports buffering and shaping
Supports packet-level marking using appropriate levels of QoS
Provides routed packets to the packet switch
Plugable SFP module for 1000 Base SX/LX
Scalability & Performance A PIM card provides a full duplex Gigabit Ethernet interface.
Each active GigE interface of a PIM card can handle up to 8 k
ephemeral terminations (designed to cover maximum 8064 RTP
streams using G.711 codecs without VAD and 5 % RTCP)
Redundancy n*(1+1) or n+1

Media Conversion Module - VBMCMxE

The enhanced MCM board (VBMCMxE) provides the latest DSP technology.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be pre-configured to support up to 6 Media
Conversion Modules.
The two variants of the new MCM board are:

Large MCM (VBMCM7E)

Conversion of up to 6,048 DS0 voice channels (using G.711) to packet format, and
vice versa.
Small MCM (VBMCM3E)
Conversion of up to 3,024 DS0 voice channels (using G.711) to packet format, and
vice versa.

A Media Conversion Module consists of a pool of DSP resources, several high-speed

microprocessors, memory, and buses to support a large number of voice over IP
connections.
The DSPs, part of the Media Conversion Module, perform voice processing statistics
collection, traffic policing, and signal recognition to discriminate between voice and data
signals, e.g., fax, modem, or DTMF signals. The DTMF signals are transmitted in-band in
the packet network using the G.711 Codec or according to RFC2833 and RFC4733. On
detection of FAX or modem tones, the DSP automatically switches over to FAX-modem
bypass (G.711) or T.38, depending on the configuration used.

Table 7-5 VBMCMxE Features

Feature Description
Functional Provides a pool of DSPs that process voice, fax or data
Codec G.711 App. I & II (packet time: 10...30 ms)
Codec G.729AB (packet time: 10...60 ms)
Codec G.723.1 (packet time: 30 & 60 ms)
Codec G.726.1 (packet time: 10, 20 & 30 ms)
Codec G.728 (packet time: 10...30 ms)
Codec AMR2 (packet time: 20...80 ms)
Codec GSM-FR (packet time: 20...80 ms)
Codec GSM-EFR (packet time: 20...80 ms)
Codec AMR-WB (packet time: 20...80 ms)
Codec EVRC
Codec G.722 (packet time: 10...30 ms)
RTCP
T.38
RFC2833/RFC4733
VBD and V.152
Tones
Echo Cancellation (tail length up to 128 ms)
Adaptive Jitter Buffer (maximum value is 135 ms)
Scalability & Performance Supports scalability of up to 6,048 G.711 channels per module
(VBMCM7E) and, up to 3,024 channels per module
(VBMCM3E).
Redundancy Pooled architecture scheme in 1+1 or n+1 redundant
configurations

Capacity, Scalability and Redundancy

Capacity, scalability and redundancy are the most important characteristics applicable to
carrier-class media gateways. Service providers desiring to expand their networks in a
converging market must be able to add subscribers quickly, easily and as cost-effectively
as possible.
A single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides an entry-level configuration capable of
managing a packet switching capacity of 16 Gbit/s, and a circuit switching capacity of 10
Gbit/s.
The VoIP call capacity in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is determined by the number
and the redundancy configuration of the Media Conversion Modules.
Using DRM, the efficiency of the DSP pools can be increased by the configuration of the
codec profiles. The capacity of the DSP pool then depends on the percentage allocated per
codec type, and not on the capacity of the most resource consuming codec type.
Note: The MCM is not required in a TDM hairpinning configuration without media
processing.
Note: Up to 3*(N+1) redundancy groups for PIM/CIM(SDH) modules are supported
within one Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis, but only 2 groups of each type.
Table 7-6, “Overview of Capacity and Redundancy per Module” (p. 7-18) presents an
overview of the gateway capacities per module, and redundancy.

Table 7-6 Overview of Capacity and Redundancy per Module

Module Capacity Active/Standby

SCM2 270 CoAPS 1+1
SCM 135 CoAPS 1+1
MCM DS0s dependent on codec mix, to be n+1
elaborated per particular
configuration
CIM (SDH ANSI config.) 1 to 8,064 DS0s 1+1
... to ... ...+...
24,193 to 32,256 4*(1+1) or 4+1
...
CIM (SDH ETSI config.) 1 to 7,812 DS0s 1+1
... to ... ...+...
23,437 to 31,248 4*(1+1) or 4+1
...
CIM (PDH ANSI config.) 1 to 768 DS0s 1+1
... to ... ...+...
10,753 to 11,520 15+1

Module Capacity Active/Standby

CIM (PDH ETSI config.) 1 to 992 DS0s 1+1
... to ... ...+...
13,889 to 14,880 15+1
PIM2 (VBPIxGES) 1 to 8,000 RTP terminations 1+1
8,001 to 32,000 RTP terminations 4*(1+1) or 4+1
...
PIM2 (VBPI4GE) 1 to 16,000 RTP terminations 1+1
... to ... ...+...
48,001 to 64,000 RTP terminations 4*(1+1)
SFM All configurations 1+1

Summary of Module Functions

Table 7-7, “VoIP Functions Processed by the Modules” (p. 7-19) summarizes the VoIP
functions managed by each of the application-specific Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
modules.

Table 7-7 VoIP Functions Processed by the Modules

VoIP Functionality Sys- Switch Packet Cir- Media

tem Fabric Inter- cuit Con-
Con- Mod- face Inter- ver-
trol ule Mod- face sion
Mod- ule Mod- Mod-
ule ule ule
Overall System Initialization and Management X
Call and Connection Management X
Packet Forwarding and IP Routing X
Packet Switching X X X X
(con- (optional)
trol)
TDM Switching X X X
(optional)
PSTN Interface X
Packet Interface X
Media Processing X
Clock Recovery and Distribution X X

VoIP Functionality Sys- Switch Packet Cir- Media

tem Fabric Inter- cuit Con-
Con- Mod- face Inter- ver-
trol ule Mod- face sion
Mod- ule Mod- Mod-
ule ule ule
Silence Detection/Suppression, Comfort Noise X
Generation, and Echo-Cancellation
Operations Interface X

Backplane Structure

Overview
Purpose
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW backplane structure includes a TDM Bus, two Data
Buses, one Redundant Bus, and a Clock Distribution Bus.

Contents

TDM Bus 7-21

Data Bus 7-21
Redundant Bus 7-22
Clock Distribution Bus 7-22

TDM Bus
The TDM bus on the Switch Fabric Module provides TDM links which carry DS0 bit
streams from TDM input ports to digital modems.
TDM links carry traffic between the PSTN interface and the voice processing modules.
Each TDM stream has an input line and an output line. The voice processing modules
take data from input streams and deliver it to output streams. The PSTN interface
modules place received data into input streams, and send data received from output
streams back into the line.

Data Bus
The data bus on the Switch Fabric Module provides Gigabit Ethernet links and Fast
Ethernet links to transfer traffic between hardware modules. These data links carry
internal protocol and control messages, using advanced multicast circuitry. The data links
interconnect all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW modules; they operate on a load-sharing
basis, and act as a redundant pair for backup purposes.

Redundant Bus
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses a dedicated Redundant Bus concept to detect
failures in the system; redundant buses operate in a load-sharing mode, and act as a
redundant pair for backup purposes.

Clock Distribution Bus

This section explains the narrowband clock distribution and the broadband clock
generator.

Narrowband Clock Distribution

Clock signals are distributed using two distribution branches in a ramifying tree structure,
employing the Circuit Interface Module in two hierarchical levels serving as many as 20
boards. Each board can select one of the two distribution branches.

Broadband Clock Generator

The broadband clock generator is an internal 19.44 MHz Crystal Oscillator that is
synchronized to an 8 kHz clock signal taken from one of the two distribution branches.

Clock Generator

Overview
Purpose
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be deployed in service provider networks that use a
clock distribution system that was established according to the hierarchical
source-receiver method.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW includes a redundant clock generation and distribution
subsystem that are located on the Circuit Interface Module. Each clock module can use
one of three modes to generate a reference clock signal:

External clock timing mode

Uses an external SSU or BITS source clock signal
TDM Line timing mode
Uses a TDM (from CIM) interface, 8 kHz line timing signal.
Internal timing mode
Uses a local crystal oscillator that is Stratum 3 Clock compatible. A variant with
Stratum 2 clock is also available.

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW internally distributes two clock signals, a primary and a
secondary, to all modules. The secondary clock signal provides a backup if the primary
fails. Each of the two clock signals is generated by two independent clock, recovery,
synthesis, and distribution systems (each a single chip) on the SCM modules.
For synchronization of further network elements at the same location the Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW provides an external clock-output connector.

Contents

Supported Clock Features 7-24

Supported Clock Features

Clock features supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW:
• Two internal clock distribution systems, one primary and one secondary.
• SSU (2.048 MHz) port
• T1-BITS (1.544 Mbit/s) or E1-BITS (2.048 Mbit/s) port
• Alternative clock source can be derived from a TDM link (line timing).
• User-selected clock source with configurable priority settings.
• To ensure clock quality, Synchronization Status Messages (SSMs) are monitored and
evaluated.
• Revertible clock source selection (the primary clock source is re-selected after an
outage).
• Internal Stratum 3 Clock to be used if all external timing input fails.
• Clock recovery and clock generation from configurable interfaces.

Software

Overview
Purpose
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a distributed software system. The following
description of the software architecture involves each node in the system, as well as the
model used to realize communication between these nodes.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses a layered, modular software architecture (see Figure
7-7, “Runtime Architecture” (p. 7-26)). This architecture is based on an open,
programmable call control model that performs call processing independent of other
functions, like resource management, routing, or forwarding.

Figure 7-7 Runtime Architecture

Application Layer

SIGTRAN OSPF RIP TFTP SNMP Mast Agent On–Line Diagnostics

Megaco
MGCP
SCTP

SNMP Sub Agent UI Subsystem

Telnet

TCP UDP

IP Management Interface

Network Layer Kernel

Redundancy MultiCast Resource Config

Routing Table
Manager Manager Manager Manager

Kernel
ARP IP Software
Function, Stack, Cache, Filter
Table
MARP High Speed
TDM FTAM Voice Port Function IP Forwarder

File System
Protocol Demux

Flash
Generic Forwarding Interface TTY
File
Driver
Driver

Hardware Layer

HdS

FTAM : Fault Tolerant ApplicationManagement SNMP : Simple Network Management Protocol

IP : Internet Protocol TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
MGCP : Media Gateway Control Protocol TFTP : Trivial File Transfer Protocol
OSPF : Open Shortest Path First UDP : User Datagram Protocol
RIP : Routing Information Protocol UI : User Interface
SCTP : Stream Control Transmission Protocol
0169_rtimearch_ed01

Contents

Kernel Software 7-27

Network Layer Software 7-27
Application Layer Software 7-29
Voice Processing 7-31
Software Redundancy 7-31

Kernel Software
The Kernel software contains limited but efficient scheduling and communication
services. All software modules, with few exceptions, use the tasking model provided by
the kernel software.
The packet processing modules (e.g., the Generic Forwarding Interface (GFI) and the
high speed forwarder) do not use the kernel tasking model; this minimizes performance
overhead when forwarding packets.

Redundancy Manager
The Redundancy Manager manages switchover operations and other system reactions to
failures. It also provides services to other modules in the system, allowing them to
synchronize and register the current configuration of the system, should a failure occur.
Additionally, this module maintains the current configuration of the system regarding the
active and standby modes of all software modules, as well as other parameters that effect
the entire system.

Multicast Manager
The Multicast Manager software lists ports that can be used to multicast packets
internally. Applications running in the System Control Module can dynamically create or
delete multicast lists. Once a multicast list has been created, it can be accessed globally by
all applications running in all modules.

Resource Manager
The Resource Manager software allocates and releases DSP resources that can be
assigned to voice channels. The Resource Manager software stored in each DSP module
tracks the status and availability of all DSPs. When a dedicated line is configured, or
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when a switched call is received, a request is broadcast to each DSP module. The
Resource Manager software in each DSP module receives the request and determines
which resources are required to set up a TDM circuit, beginning at the input port to the
pooled DSPs.

Configuration Manager
The Configuration Manager software is responsible for:
• managing all configuration requests received from the software using it.
• managing the configuration database.
• distributing configuration information to various access modules.
The Configuration Manager software provides a service to all other modules, distributing
configuration information across all boards, but it does not register configuration
parameters. It also stores and retrieves configuration information received from the
Configuration database, which is stored in the System Control Module flash memory.
These modules run as a task on each board.

Routing Server/Packet Forwarding

The Routing Server/Packet Forwarding software forwards IP packets according to
information stored in the module cache memory, forwarding tables, and a central
forwarding table.

TDM Manager
The TDM Manager software sets up and releases TDM connections (DS0 paths). This
software consists of several sub-modules. The major sub-modules are the:
• TDM Call Control Manager
• TDM Driver
• TDM Server.

FTAM
The FTAM software monitors the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW software components to
ensure non-stop operation. The FTAM uses microprocessor-based module managers
(located in each module) to control system start-up, sense hardware status, and measure
internal temperatures. It provides services to application tasks that require fault tolerance
observation. It also communicates with FTAM tasks running in all other access modules,
ensuring that application tasks operate correctly, and provides switch-over capabilities if
an application fails.

Voice Port
The Voice Port software supervises the establishment of voice channels; this primarily
consists of configuring and managing DSP resources that were previously allocated by
the resource manager. The Voice Port software consists of the Voice Port Client / Server.

Protocol Demux
The Protocol Demux software provides a demultiplex function to route packets from the
Layer 2 interface to higher layer protocols. This module is responsible for all packets
received or sent as Media. In co-ordination with the Port Interface (PIF) software, this
module de-encapsulates IP packets before sending them to the IP forwarder software,
thereby supporting the Ethernet.

GFI
The GFI software provides a uniform interface to the forwarding functions; this interface
hides the details of transmitting and receiving packets over interfaces of different types. It
also defines an interface that the driver software uses to deliver packets they received, and
to transmit packets from the gateway.

Application Layer Software

The application layer software consists of the following modules:
• Telnet
• TCP
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• SIGTRAN/SCTP
• Megaco
• TFTP
• FTP Server
• SNMPv3
• UI Module
• IP Management Interface.

Telnet
Support of Telnet applies only to incoming Telnet requests as described in the initial
Telnet release. Users can use Telnet to reach an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW; this applies
to any interface that is configured for IP. Outgoing Telnet functions are only used
internally in the system to implement the remote console feature; this feature allows a
user working at the System Control Module console to connect to the `console' of any
other access module.

UDP
The UDP software implements RFC 768. The UDP ports transport RTP, Megaco/H.248
and SNMP.

SIGTRAN/SCTP
The SIGTRAN/SCTP represents the architecture used to transport real-time signaling data
over IP networks. The SIGTRAN protocol uses the SCTP as a transport layer, instead of
using TCP and a set of user adaptation layers. The SIGTRAN/SCTP supports
communication between an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and a softswitch.

Megaco/H.248
The Megaco protocol represent the application in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW that
services requests from an MGC and returns responses to that MGC. Communication
between the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and an MGC follows the industry-standardized
Megaco protocol.
When the Megaco protocol is used, the software is a combination of the Megaco stack
and the adaptation layers around it that are used to integrate Megaco functionally into an
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

TFTP
The TFTP complies with the standard RFC 1350. The TFTP on the System Control
Module consists of two components: the client and the server tasks.
The client task is used to initiate file transfers from an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, using
user commands.
The server task responds to TFTP requests received from the network.

FTP Server
The FTP server application allows FTP clients to get and put files using the File Transfer
Protocol (FTP). An FTP client accessing the FTP server requires an FTP account and
password. Only one file directory-level is supported and only one FTP user can be active
at a time.

SNMPv.3
The SNMPv.3 agent implements the standard RFC 1157. SNMP requests received on any
interface in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are directed to the master agent task, a process
that runs in the System Control Module.
The master agent in the System Control Module responds to these requests by making
calls to access functions in its sub-agent.

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The sub-agent implements all standard Management Information Bases (MIBs) that are
relevant, as well as enterprise MIBs that contain Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW specific MIB
extensions (see “MIBs” (p. C-3)).
The master agent either communicates with MIB objects stored in the System Control
Module, or it sends messages to sub-agent processes in access modules to communicate
with MIB objects that are stored in other modules.

UI Module
The UI Module implements the CLI specified to configure and monitor an Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW. This software controls as many as four simultaneous sessions. The UI is a
table driver software; it allows additions and changes to be easily accomplished.

IP Management Interface
The IP Management Interface makes all forwarding decisions applying to IP packets. This
software maintains a cache memory containing currently active destinations, as well as
information required to forward a packet to a required destination; it also performs quick
lookup and forwarding tasks to accelerate packet transmission.

Voice Processing
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides maximum density, using a modular, pooled DSP
resource design. The DSPs use G.711, G.729A/B and G.723.1 Codecs that are available
to any interface to perform voice compression, packetization, silence suppression, echo
cancellation, and adaptive Jitter Buffer packet voice-processing services.

Software Redundancy
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers full software redundancy for:
• System control functions
• Call processing
• Call signaling
• Routing
• Memory
• Voice path.
These functions are designed to provide high service availability, continuous
administration and hitless voice connections with:
• Failing Hardware (HW) or module (provided by EPS)
• Failing interface connections; provided by Automatic Protection Switch (APS)
• Administrative operations like software upgrades or configuration updates.

Table 7-8 Software Redundancy

System Software Redundancy

Dual copies (images) of All software modules within the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are
each software component copied, i.e., have a dual software image, allowing software
upgrades to occur without losing active calls. Redundant
components include the following:
System and management software
Signaling and gateway control software

Fault Management

Overview
Purpose
This section provides information concerning the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW fault
management.

Contents

Error detection and recovery 7-33

Error detection and recovery

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW has been designed with several redundant and fault
tolerance features to provide the highest level of availability and reliability.
All relevant system functions are provided redundantly:
• System Control Module in 1+1 redundancy
• Switch Fabric Module in 1+1 redundancy
• Packet Interface Module in 1+1 redundancy
• Circuit Interface Module in n+1 redundancy
• Media Conversion Module in pooled architecture scheme in n+1 redundant
configuration
• Supervision of DSP chip state and autonomous recovery
• Signaling (H248) and OAM (FCAPS) in 1+1 redundancy
• Clock reference signal in 1+1 redundancy
• Fan tray; three fan trays, load-sharing
• Power-rail in 1+1 redundancy; in normal operation both power rails are used in
load-sharing; if one of the power-rails fails all modules switch over to the remaining
power-rail
The static data, for example, configuration data, and the dynamic data, for example, call
contexts, is synchronized between active and standby modules in real time. If the system
identifies internal faults at module-level it tries to resolve the issue by switching over to
the redundant standby module. The former active module is rebooted and becoming the
standby module.
In case of HW-problems the module is not be taken back in standby-mode. An alarm is
raised when the system switches to the redundant standby module to indicate temporary
lack of resilience. When a standby module comes back in service the alarm is cleared.

System issue identification

The 7510 MGW software supports continuous supervision mechanism running in
background and event driven mechanism to identify potential hardware or software issues
in the system.
• Continuous supervision
– FTAM (Fault Tolerant Application Manager) auditing all active and standby
modules using a hello mechanism. For recovery of potential issues a switch over
to former standby module is initiated in order to recover the suspicious module.
– Resource Audit by internal resource management to ensure central resource
manager is synchronized with resources reported by the distributed modules. This
could not be autonomously recovered but an Resource Manager alarm is raised to
report the identified abnormality.
– DSP core/channel supervision where host processor of MCM module is
supervising the DSP cores/channels hosted at local module. In the case that a DSP
core/channel does not respond it is immediately taken out of service; that is,
resource management prevents immediately that any failing resource is selected
for any new H.248 context. In parallel DSP is reloaded in order to recover. In the
event of unsuccessful DSP recovery, an MCM takeover is triggered preserving
stable bearers processed by other DSPs.
– Ephemeral termination garbage collector is continuously monitoring ephemeral
terminations and allocation to H.248 contexts. Suspicious resources are
autonomously discarded and returned to resource pool.
– (Temporary) CallContextIdentifier monitoring to identify hanging internal
resources and autonomous clean up.
• Event driven auditing Inter network elements (MGCF/MGF)
– H.248.36. Detection of hanging termination and cleanup by MGCF.
– H.248.40. Application Data Inactivity to identify and tear down potential inactive
media streams
– H.248.14. Inactivity timer to supervise H.248 association and stimulated failover
to alternative MGCF
– H.248.11. Overload Detection to report overload so centralized MGCF could
throttle traffic and change load distribution.
• Event driven internal auditing mechanism
– Transaction supervision in order to retransmit internal transaction. When
retransmission is unsuccessful the problem is reported at H.248 interface so
centralized MGCF has an opportunity to select alternative resources.

Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes the comprehensive set of system management and OAM tools and
features.

Contents

Introduction System Management and OAM 8-3

Introduction System Management and OAM 8-3
Chassis Management 8-4
Chassis Management 8-4
Configuration Management 8-5
Configuration Management 8-5
Fault Management 8-6
Fault Management Application Manager 8-6
Monitoring and Alarms 8-7
Alarm Classifications 8-7
Diagnostic Test - BERT 8-9
Diagnostic Test - BERT 8-9
System Logging and Debugging 8-10
System Logging and Debugging 8-10
Performance Management 8-12
Performance Counters 8-12
Threshold Crossing Alarms 8-13
Call-Related Performance Counters - H.248.xnq 8-13
Security Management 8-14
Transport Layer Security 8-14
User Account Security 8-14
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OAM Interfaces 8-16

Command Line Interface 8-18
GUI-Based Interface 8-18
RADIUS User Account Management 8-19
Operating System 8-20
The 7510 MGW Real-Time Operating System 8-20
Software Upgrade Management 8-21
Software Upgrade Management 8-21
Backup and Restore 8-22
Backup and Restore 8-22

Introduction System Management and OAM

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a comprehensive set of system management and
OAM tools and features, namely:

Chassis Management
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a high-level chassis management system that
operates from the active System Control Module.
Configuration Management
The configuration database, which is stored in files in the Flash Memory of the System
Control Module, maintains all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW configuration information.
Fault Management
Fault management concerns detection, isolation, and correction of abnormal operations
in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
Diagnostic Test - BERT
The BERT generates and evaluates bit patterns to verify the proper functioning of all
equipped modules.
System Logging and Debugging
In addition to monitoring extensive statistical data, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
supports a complete set of diagnostic features.
Performance Management
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW assesses its ability to carry out all activities by
continuously collecting and analyzing statistical data related to key functions.
Security Management
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains transport layer and user account security
mechanisms.
OAM Interfaces
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be managed using the text-based CLI or the
GUI-based Alcatel-Lucent 1360 COM.
Software Upgrade Management
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW incorporates a hitless software upgrading process.
Backup and Import
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the Backup and Restore feature. In addition
to the local function a central Backup and Restore function is provided by the
Alcatel-Lucent 1360 COM.

Chassis Management

Chassis Management
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a high-level chassis management system that
operates from the active System Control Module. When power is applied to an
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, both the active System Control Module and the standby
System Control Module are powered up simultaneously. The System Control Module in
slot 10 becomes the active module and the System Control Module in slot 11 becomes the
standby module.
Information concerning static IP configurations, routing protocol configurations, static
routes, and Address Resolution Protocol entries are stored in a configuration file in the
System Control Module. The active System Control Module is able to reset, reboot, or
power down any module. When changes or software updates occur, the System Control
Module informs all other modules and registered application programs about the change
in state of an active module. The System Control Module also detects fan or power supply
fault indications, and generates appropriate alarms.
When power is applied to an application-specific module in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW, it sends a request to be identified to the active System Control Module, which
responds by sending a copy of application software (image) back to the requesting
module. The application-specific module connects to the packet switch fabric (c-PSF) of
the active System Control Module, loads the runtime application software, initializes the
runtime application, and changes to a runtime state. After reaching the runtime state, each
module reports its hardware configuration to the System Control Modules using the
packet switch fabric.
Information sent from each module to the active System Control Module is duplicated in
the standby System Control Module. If a fault condition should occur, a module can be
hard or soft reset. Each module failure is processed in a manner that minimizes its impact
on active calls and overall system performance.

Configuration Management

Configuration Management
The configuration database, which is stored in files in the Flash Memory of the System
Control Module, maintains all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW configuration information. The
configuration database is maintained by a software process called CDBM, that is stored
and runs in the System Control Modules. The CDBM is responsible for collecting,
storing, and distributing configuration information inside of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW; the CDBM is also able to save and restore the configuration of the entire
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, or any individual module in the gateway.
During power-up, the CDBM stored in the active System Control Module restores the
entire Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW configuration; it sends global configuration and
module-specific configuration information to each module, as the modules become
operational.
The CDBM stored in the active System Control Module supports read and write access to
the configuration file stored in Flash memory; it also ensures that the CDBM stored in the
standby System Control Module synchronizes with the latest configuration at all times. If
the active System Control Module fails, the standby System Control Module immediately
takes over.

Fault Management

Overview
Purpose
Fault management concerns detection, isolation, and correction of abnormal operations in
an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. In addition to reporting functions, fault management
performs fault correction, as well as alarm surveillance, during which continuous
monitoring occurs to detect failures.
Fault localization is performed when the root cause of a failure has been isolated.
Testing procedures are also used to validate reports or verify repair actions after they have
been completed.

Contents

Fault Management Application Manager 8-6

Monitoring and Alarms 8-7
Alarm Classifications 8-7

Fault Management Application Manager

The FTAM software performs fault detection, fault notification, fault isolation, and
service restoration in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. The FTAM is a collection of
hardware and software components that are distributed throughout the Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW, comprising microprocessor-controlled module managers on each
application-specific module. These module managers control system start-up, sense
hardware status, and measure internal temperatures.
The FTAM software performs fault detection and management pertaining to the following
situations:
• Module management, tracking module state
• Non-revertive, hitless switchover to backup module, if required
• Power failure
• Fan failure
• Module above temperature.
Each Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW software component registers with the FTAM to identify
events to be monitored. When a fault is detected, the FTAM notifies all applications that
have registered for that type of event. The FTAM and application programs then initiate
corrective actions. The FTAM software in the active System Control Module generates
alarms to the network management system when faults occur.

Monitoring and Alarms

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW issues alarms when detecting faults, or when thresholds
have been exceeded; it also clears alarms when fault conditions cease to exist.
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW alarms can be caused by physical conditions (e.g., alarm of a
physical link) or by environmental conditions (e.g., high temperature alarm).
Alarm forwarding is done using SNMP traps (generated based on fault localization
principles). In parallel, the Megaco protocol is used to report erroneous resources.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW alarm priorities are minor, major, or critical. Depending
on the alarm type, the alarms can be presented in a textual, audible or visual way.
The alarm system supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW includes:
• Visual alarms, displayed on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
• Alarms reported using an internal audible alarm speaker
• Alarms reported using a remote audible alarm speaker
• A mechanical ACO switch
• All SONET/SDH interface alarms
• Power feed failure alarms
• SNMP trap to send Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW related alarms to the remote alarm
manager [Centralized Operations Manager (COM), Alarm View].
• Alarms indicating a loss of synchronization at the broadband or narrowband interface
• Service change messages reported to a softswitch using the Megaco protocol.

Alarm Classifications
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following alarm severity classification (in
accordance with X.733):
• Critical
• Major
• Minor
• Warning
• Information
The severity of alarms is configurable to adapt to customer classification.
Additionally, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following alarm types (in
accordance with X.733):
• Communication
• Quality of Service
• Processing Error
• Equipment
• Environmental
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The visualization and management of alarms is performed by the Element Management
System (for details, see “GUI-Based Interface” (p. 8-18)).

Diagnostic Test - BERT

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides internal Bit Error Rate Test (BERT) capabilities.
The BERT generates and evaluates bit patterns to verify the proper functioning of all
equipped modules. All the components of the data path are covered by the test. To
identify potential defects, the BERT can be focused on specific functions or modules.

System Logging and Debugging

For logging purposes, event, message and UI-interface logging can be enabled per UI for
Megaco or SIGTRAN.

SYSLOG
To record user interface activities at the command line interface (CLI) events are reported
to a pre-configured syslog server. The syslog format is complaint to IETF RFC 3164 and
includes:
• The user responsible for the event
• The system hostname
• The date and time of the event
Following events are reported:
• Enabling and disabling of the auditing process
• Any changes to the type of events logged by the audit trail
• Start-up parameters and any changes to them
• System or application start-up and shut-down
• Login attempts (e.g., wrong userid or password) and login patterns
• Rejected access attempts because of insufficient authority
• All usage by privileged users (e.g., users with powerful access to system utilities or
applications)
• Use of selected transactions
• Use of sensitive resources (e.g., access to highly sensitive data)
• Changes to user privileges
• ACL violations.
Furthermore all alarms (per default reported by SNMP to the alarm manager) can be
forwarded to the syslog-server.

Megaco Debug Logging

The logging provides following details using Megaco:
• physical trunk number
• termination id
• events
• incoming/outgoing message ID for Megaco

User Interface Logging

User Interface (UI) logging has two variants
• Command Line Interface (CLI) logging
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) logging
• A circular (FIFO) buffer is used. The maximum buffer size can be allocated according
to the size of the flash disk (up to 1 GB).

Performance Management

Overview
Purpose
The performance of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is monitored using a comprehensive
set of performance-statistic counters (for details of the list of performance counters, see
“Performance Counters” (p. 8-12)).
A historical view of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW performance is provided by
monitoring the performance counters over a period of time. Events are allocated to
"buckets" where each bucket represents an interval of time. For each performance value
96 buckets are provided. These 96 buckets represent a 24 hour period with 15 minute
default intervals. After post processing, this data can be used, e.g., at network
management level.
Separate tables are kept for the current interval, the history intervals, and the total
aggregates (RFC3593). This data can be displayed at the COM (GUI) or can be obtained
via SNMP (MIB).

Contents

Performance Counters 8-12

Threshold Crossing Alarms 8-13
Call-Related Performance Counters - H.248.xnq 8-13

Performance Counters
The following performance counters are available in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW:
System Performance Counters:
• CPU load (Media Gateway and Signaling Gateway)
• Memory usage (Media Gateway and Signaling Gateway)
• Internal Resource Counters (busy/idle/out of service/disabled)
– DSP Capacity utilization
– PIM utilization (Packet-interface))
– TDM link utilization
• Service utilization (type of Codec used)
• IP-Interface statistics (packet sent/received)
• Signaling Interface (H.248 and Sigtran command statistic)

Threshold Crossing Alarms

To indicate critical conditions at the Network Management level, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW generates alarms (SNMP traps) if a configurable threshold for a performance
counter is exceeded or has fallen below.

Call-Related Performance Counters - H.248.xnq

Performance monitoring data, on a per-call basis, can be retrieved from the H.248
interface for further processing and as an extension of the Call Detail Record (CDR).
The usage metrics: packets sent/received, Jitter and Packet-Loss are provided by the
H.248 network and RTP packages. For enhanced quality metrics, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW provides H.248.xnq (IP-Delay-Variation, Round-Trip-Delay, Jitter buffer
adaptions) based on the RTCP-XR (RFC3611) Block-type 8. Furthermore, with
H.248.xnq one system can provide the metrics for itself and the corresponding peer.

Security Management

Overview
Purpose
This section describes the security mechanisms implemented in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW.

Contents

Transport Layer Security 8-14

User Account Security 8-14

Transport Layer Security

The following transport-layer security mechanisms are available:

Access Control List - ACL

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides (per IP-filtering) a powerful feature limiting
access to OAM functions per remote IP-address-range.

Encrypted Access
Encrypted user access is available via a built-in IPsec function for the CLI interface and
SNMPv3 for the COM.
Alternatively SSH can be used for the CLI interface. SSH uses data encryption and
Message Authentication Codes (MACs) to provide confidentiality of data. It uses
public-key cryptography for authentication.

User Account Security

The main user account security features are:
• Password Security
• User Account Locking
• Command Privileges

Password Security
Password management features include:
• Forced change of default passwords
• Strong password syntax (using special characters)
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8-14 7510 MGW
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA Release 4.2
Issue 4 December 2012
System Management and OAM User Account Security
Security Management
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
User Account Locking
User account locking features are:
• User account locking after a configurable amount of faulty log-ins (including logging
of all faulty log-ins)
• User account locking after expiry of a configurable password age
• An admin user can set an immediate user account lock.

User Account Privileges

The following user account privileges are available:

view
Default privilege
code
File handling privilege
update
Boot, save & upgrade privilege
system
Configure & change settings privilege
password
User account management privilege

OAM Interfaces

Overview
Purpose
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be managed using the text-based CLI or the
GUI-based Alcatel-Lucent 1360 COM. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW host software
contains an embedded SNMP agent and supports a complete list of standards-compliant
MIBs (including an Alcatel-Lucent MIB, see Appendix B.4). SNMPv3 or SNMPv1
compliance is configurable using the SNMP agent.
The SNMP protocol is used for communication between the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
host software and the Alcatel-Lucent 1360 COM. With SNMP, a standardized interface
for a third party SNMP browser is offered to report the status of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW.
The Network Management Layer (NML) integration can be made using, either the
GUI-based Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MG Element Management System or native access to the
SNMP objects (see also Figure 8-1, “Element Management Architecture and Interfaces”
(p. 8-17)).

Figure 8-1 Element Management Architecture and Interfaces

Contents

Command Line Interface 8-18

GUI-Based Interface 8-18
RADIUS User Account Management 8-19

Command Line Interface

The user-friendly CLI supports access to all the configuration options and the diagnostic,
performance, fault and security functions. Intuitive handling is supported by offering
available options at all command/parameter levels, including help texts for each
command.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW CLI can be accessed using IP Telnet sessions or a local
console (connecting a craft terminal to the asynchronous RS-232 port of the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW). Additionally, out-of-band connections can be established
using either modems or terminal servers to realize remote serial connections.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports a maximum of eight simultaneous logins to the
CLI (using a craft terminal or Telnet). The CLI offers password protection when
accessing the network manager level or, when performing system administration actions.

GUI-Based Interface
The GUI-based Alcatel-Lucent 1360 COM software provides element management for
the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. The Alcatel-Lucent 1360 COM EMS communicates with
the SNMP agent to realize comprehensive, remote element management of the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
The 1360 COM supplies the flexible service capabilities that large and growing network
service providers require, while reducing network management complexity; it offers an
easy-to-use GUI and a comprehensive suite of element management applications to
facilitate:
• Real-time utilization and traffic monitoring
• Performance monitoring
• Alarm surveillance and reporting
• System and Interface configuration
• Services.
For a detailed description of the 1360 COM capabilities refer to document Alcatel-Lucent
7510 MGW Management User Guide - 1360 COM & 1310 OMC-P, 255-400-424.

RADIUS User Account Management

To realize centralized administration of user accounts the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
supports the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol, to perform
authorization/authentication/accounting by support of a remote server (RFC2865,
RFC2866). For authorization six privileges can be signaled by use of the "vendor specific
attribute" within RADIUS protocol.
In case no RADIUS server is available the system provides emergency user accounts
stored in the 7510 MGW's local user database.
The RADIUS protocol, used between the RADIUS client, located in the 7510 MGW, and
the remote RADIUS server does not transmit passwords in cleartext, but in hidden, using
a rather complex operation instead, which involves MD5 hashing and shared secret.

Operating System

The 7510 MGW Real-Time Operating System

The 7510 MGW is based on a purpose-built highly efficient Real-Time Operating System
(RTOS) providing a multitasking operating environment, scheduling, inter-task
communication and memory management services. The Operating System (OS) is
embedded into the application software package. The 7510 MGW user interface provides
the capability to manage the application w/o having access to the native OS.

Software Upgrade Management

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW incorporates a hitless software upgrading process. A
hitless software upgrade is a mechanism which ensures compatibility of inter-board data
exchange between entities having different Software (SW) versions.
For details and restrictions on SW/HW configurations for software upgrade and the
dedicated software upgrade process itself, see Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Media Gateway
Software Upgrade Guide, 3FZ-08118-BBAA-DFZZA.

Backup and Restore

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the Backup and Restore feature. The centralized
Backup and Restore feature is provided by the Alcatel-Lucent 1360 COM. It allows to
backup and to restore files stored on the 7510 MGW flash card. In case of data corruption
or data loss, it allows a comfortable recovery of files from the external backup device.
The COM supports the backup/restore process on multiple 7510 gateways in parallel.

Overview
Purpose
This chapter provides information concerning the physical architecture of the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and its related hardware.

Contents

Introduction 9-2
Single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Configuration 9-2
Rack Configuration 9-5
Chassis Internal and External Features 9-7
Chassis 9-7
Cooling 9-9
Power Source and Distribution 9-12
EMC 9-13
Functional Description of Hardware Modules 9-14
System Control Module 9-16
Switch Fabric Module 9-19
Circuit Interface Module 9-20
Packet Interface Module 9-29
Media Conversion Module 9-32

Introduction

Overview
Purpose
This section describes a single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, as well as a rack configuration
containing as many as three Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGWs in one rack.
The configuration and hardware modules installed in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are
described separately in the remainder of this chapter.

Contents

Single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Configuration 9-2

Rack Configuration 9-5

Single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Configuration

A single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW consists of the following components:
• One NEBS Level 3 compliant chassis, designed to meet international power,
grounding, and shielding requirements
• A high-speed midplane that interconnects all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW modules
• Three fan trays
• One air filter
• As many as 16 application-specific modules which provide interface or media
processing services; these modules are:
– Circuit Interface Module
– Media Conversion Module
– Packet Interface Module.
• The two duplicated system modules provide management and switching services ;
these modules are:
– System Control Module
– Switch Fabric Module.
The chassis is fitted with 20 vertical slots, which are divided by the midplane. Each
application-specific module consists of a processor board that is installed from the front
of the chassis, and an I/O board that is installed from the rear of the chassis.
Figure 9-1, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Front View” (p. 9-3) shows a front view of the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-1 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Front View

Fan Trays

Processor Board

UPD_0254_7510_front_view_ed01

Figure 9-2, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Rear View” (p. 9-4) shows a rear view of the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-2 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Rear View

I/O Boards

UPD_0264_7510_rear_view_ed01

Of the 20 slots available, four slots are dedicated to hold two Switch Fabric Modules, and
two System Control Modules. To maximize the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW port density,
the remaining 16 generic slots can be filled using Media Conversion Modules, Packet
Interface Modules, or Circuit Interface Modules.
Each board that is inserted into the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis has a fully
redundant Ethernet MAC connection. Connections to the System Control Module switch
fabrics (the c-PSFs) allow communication with the control plane, while connections to
the packet switch fabrics on the Switch Fabric Modules (the d-PSF) provide the packet
switch used to transfer data in the data plane; these connections are made at the midplane.
Each module has its own power circuit and distribution, supplied, for example, by the
distributed -48 V or -60 V DC exchange power sources.
Figure 9-3, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Side View” (p. 9-5) shows a side view
of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-3 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Side View

Front Rear

Fan Trays

I/O Boards

Processor Boards

Midplane

Cable Trays

Air Deflector Air Filter Power Supply Cage

0271_chassis_side_ed01

Rack Configuration
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is rack-mountable in standard 19 inch, 23 inch, or 600
mm equipment racks.
The chassis height, 14 U (7 feet = 43 U), is designed to achieve maximum packing per
Telco frame. As many as three Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGWs can be installed in a 7 foot
Telco rack (see Figure 9-4, “Rack Configuration” (p. 9-6)). The remaining space is used
to install extra equipment, like fuse panels or cabling brackets. All connectors are
accessible from the front of the gateway.

Figure 9-4 Rack Configuration

Chassis Internal and External Features

Overview
Purpose
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis can be characterized by describing its internal
and external features.

Contents

Chassis 9-7
Cooling 9-9
Power Source and Distribution 9-12
EMC 9-13

Chassis
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is a powerful, compact, standalone media gateway
designed to comply with NEBS, Level-3 requirements.

Side View
The chassis contains a midplane that connects processor boards installed in the front of
the chassis to I/O boards installed in the rear of the chassis.
Figure 9-3, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Side View” (p. 9-5) shows a side view
of the chassis.
The chassis supports 20 processor boards and 20 I/O boards. The processor boards are
plugged into the midplane from the front, the I/O boards from the rear. The I/O boards
have to be plugged into the midplane as an extension of the processor board, i.e., in the
same slot from the rear of the chassis.

Front View
All processor boards are accessible from the front of the chassis, which has no doors or
cover panels. There are 18 slots having a width of 21 mm, and 2 slots in the middle
having a width of 30 mm to accept the System Control Modules.
Figure 9-5, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Front View” (p. 9-8) shows a front view
of the chassis.

Figure 9-5 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Front View

FAN
Connector

Fan Alarm
LED

Midplane

0261_chassis_front_view_ed01

Rear View
All I/O boards are accessible from the rear of the chassis, which has no doors or cover
panels. There are 18 slots having a width of 21 mm, and 2 slots in the middle having a
width of 30 mm.
Figure 9-6, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Rear View” (p. 9-9) shows a rear view
of the chassis.

Figure 9-6 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Rear View

Midplane

Power Connections

0265_chassis_rear_view_ed01

Cooling
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis is fitted with three fan-trays, which are located at
the top of the chassis. The three fan-tray design provides redundant fans and reduces
noise levels.

Air Flow
The gateway draws air from the bottom front and sides of the chassis toward the top of
the chassis, and exhausts air through vents located at the top front and rear of the chassis.
Figure 9-7, “Air Flow through an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW” (p. 9-10) shows the air
flow though an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-7 Air Flow through an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW

Fan Units

Air Output

Air Intake

Air Filter
0268_air_flow_ed01

Fan Trays
Each fan-tray (VS3FU) consists of three DC fans, see Figure 9-8, “Fan Tray (VS3FU)
Physical View” (p. 9-11).

Figure 9-8 Fan Tray (VS3FU) Physical View

Alarm Board Fan Unit

Alarm
Connector

Power
Connector

Guide Pin Metallic Grid

0263_vs3fu_ed01

Two of the fans in each of the three fan trays operate at variable speed. They operate only
at maximum speed if one of the trays is not operational. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
can run indefinitely with only two of the three fan-trays operational. If a fan fails, an
alarm is sent using the network management interface.

Air Filter
An air filter is located at the lower front of the chassis, just under the slides used to hold
the processor boards (see Figure 9-9, “Position of the Air Filter” (p. 9-12)).

Figure 9-9 Position of the Air Filter

Air Filter

Filter Fixing Screws Removable Front Plate Air Inlet Holes

0252_air_filter_ed01

The air filter can be replaced while the system is running.

Power Source and Distribution

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports dual-feed power inputs (A and B). If either the
"A" source or the "B" source fails, all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW functions continue to
operate from the remaining power source.

Power Source Connection

The power source must be in the range from -48 V DC to -60 V DC within standard
tolerances (-38.4 V to -72 V DC). This allows -48 V or -60 V DC distributed exchange
power sources to be used.
Figure 9-10, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Power Connections” (p. 9-13) shows the power
source connections, located on the rear of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis.

Figure 9-10 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Power Connections

50 A 50 A
ALCATEL-LUCENT7510

–48/–60VDC
(____)

40A/ 32A

Power Terminal B Switch B Switch A Power Terminal A

Ground
Connection

EMC
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis is designed to form a Faraday cage around the
entire active electronic circuitry. This Faraday cage is realized by the metal chassis
construction and the use of continuous frontplane gasket material for the processor and
I/O boards. All cables passing through the faraday cage are manufactured with the
required shielding.
The main chassis (creating the faraday cage) is grounded using a mounted ground cable
located at the rear of the chassis.

Functional Description of Hardware Modules

Overview
Purpose
Functionally, hardware modules consist of two different types of board, i.e., the:
• Processor Board
• I/O Board.
The processor boards contain all components required to perform functional tasks, e.g.,
the Packet Interface Module functions.
Electrical or optical interfaces are not located on processor boards, instead, they are
located on their corresponding I/O boards.
Processor boards are always inserted from the front of the chassis, while their
corresponding I/O boards are inserted from the rear of the chassis.

Processor Board
Figure 9-11, “Generic View of a Processor Board” (p. 9-14) provides a generic view of a
processor board.

Figure 9-11 Generic View of a Processor Board

Vertical Stiffener

Locking Screw

Guide

LEDs

Metallic Frontplate

Handle with Fastener

0267_process_view_ed01

Figure 9-12 Generic View of an I/O Board

Locking Screw

Metallic Frontplate

Guide

Vertical Stiffener

I/O Connectors

Handle with Fastener

0266_io_board_view_ed01

General Board Features

The boards are held in position by two handles having metal fasteners at their ends. When
the boards are inserted, the handles are moved into place, and afterward fixed by screws
to lock the fasteners in place.
The frontplane of the boards has an EMI gasket on its bottom side that 'closes' the faraday
cage.
A guide supports each board as it is inserted into its correct location in the midplane.

Contents

System Control Module 9-16

Switch Fabric Module 9-19
Circuit Interface Module 9-20
Packet Interface Module 9-29

Media Conversion Module 9-32

System Control Module

The System Control Module consists of the following hardware:

Processor board
VBSCM / VBSCM2 (VBSCM2 with or without SFW)
I/O boards
VMSCM
The VMSCM board can access the external SSU, which provides an external signal
used to support network timing synchronization when the gateway is being operated
with analog synchronization (i.e., a 2,048 MHz clock signal), or it can access the
external BITS which provides an external signal used to support network timing
synchronization when the gateway is being operated with digital synchronization (i.e.,
a clock with 1,544 Mbit/s DS1 signal or 2,048 Mbit/s).
VMSCMA
The VMSCMA board not only accesses the SSU or BITS to work with different
external network timing systems; it also contains alarm processing circuitry that
operates an LED (which shows green or red, red indicating an alarm) and an acoustic
buzzer, which buzzes when an alarm is set.

Because an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is always equipped with two System Control
Modules, one VBSCM must be associated with the VMSCM and the other with the
VMSCMA.

Processor Board
Figure 9-13, “Front View and Location of the VBSCM” (p. 9-17) shows a front view of
the VBSCM, and its location in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-13 Front View and Location of the VBSCM

UPD_0308_scm_in_chassis_ed01

I/O Boards
Figure 9-14, “Rear View and Location of the VMSCM/VMSCMA” (p. 9-18) shows a rear
view of the VMSCM and VMSCMA, and their locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW.

Figure 9-14 Rear View and Location of the VMSCM/VMSCMA

ACO
External alarm interface

UPD_0261_vmscm_a_in_chassis_ed01

The SCM I/O board has the following interface connections:

Alarm connector
External alarms
External reference clock
External BITS or SSU clock (RJ48 connector)
MGC and OAM connector
Ethernet connection 10/100 BaseT to MGC and OAM terminal (RJ45 connector)
Serial interface connector
Serial interface (e.g. Telnet on a Personal Computer)

Switch Fabric Module

The system Switch Fabric Module consists of the following hardware:

Processor board
VBSFM / VBSFM4G1
AND
Filler panel I/O board
VMDMY20
OR
Maintenance I/O board
VMCDA

Processor Board
Figure 9-15, “Front View and Location of the VBSFM / VBSFM4G1” (p. 9-19)shows a
front view of the VBSFM4G1, and its location in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-15 Front View and Location of the VBSFM / VBSFM4G1

UPD_0255_sfm_in_chassis_ed01

I/O Board
The SFM can be equipped with a filler panel or a maintenance I/O board, i.e., a VMCDA
board.
The VMCDA provides a serial port for those processor boards (SFM and MCM) which
do not have a corresponding I/O board. It is required for maintenance operations, e.g., to
upgrade firmware and for enhanced debugging. The VMCDA provides the same port as
the I/O boards of SCM, CIM and PIM.
It is recommended to equip each chassis with one VMCDA board for fast access in case a
maintenance operation is required, but not necessary for normal operation.

Circuit Interface Module

The Circuit Interface Module has two variants:
• SDH Circuit Interface Module (STM-1/OC3)
• PDH Circuit Interface Module (E1/T1 and DS3)

SDH Circuit Interface Module

The SDH Circuit Interface Module consists of the following hardware:

Processor board
VBC4S1
I/O board
VM4S1SS / VMCIM

Processor Board
Figure 9-16, “Front View and Location of the VBC4S1” (p. 9-21) shows a front view of
the VBC4S1, and its recommended locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-16 Front View and Location of the VBC4S1

UPD_0258_cim_in_chassis_ed01

CIM I/O Board for a 1+1 configuration

Figure 9-17, “Rear View and Location of the VM4S1SS” (p. 9-22) shows a rear view of
the VM4S1SS, and its locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-17 Rear View and Location of the VM4S1SS

UPD_0260_vm4s1ss_in_chassis_ed01

The SDH CIM I/O board for a 1+1 configuration has the following interface connections:

Four duplex T-SC connectors (single-mode fiber)

Four STM-1/OC-3 interfaces (compliant to ITU-T G957) with APS (bi-directional,
linear and non-revertible)

Table 9-1, “SDH CIM I/O Card: Transmitter Performance” (p. 9-22) and Table 9-2, “SDH
CIM I/O Card: Receiver Performance” (p. 9-23) show the transmitter and receiver
performance of the SDH CIM I/O card.

Table 9-1 SDH CIM I/O Card: Transmitter Performance

Parameter Symb Conditions Min. Type Max. Unit

Output mean Po -15 -11 -8 dBm
Power
Center 1261 1310 1360 nm
wavelength

Parameter Symb Conditions Min. Type Max. Unit

Extinction Ratio ER 10 dB
Eye diagram According to
ITU-T G957
mask
Power supply lcct 85 130 mA
current

Table 9-2 SDH CIM I/O Card: Receiver Performance

Parameter Symb Conditions Min. Type Max. Unit

Sensitivity (beginning Pin PRBS 223-1 NRZ -29 31 dBm
of life) BER < 10-10
Maximum input Pmax PRBS 223-1 NRZ -7 0 - dBm
Power BER < 10-10
Signal detect -29 dBm
switching threshold:
-> Increasing light
Signal detect -45 dBm
switching threshold:
-> Decreasing light
Link detect hysteresis Pmax PRBS 223-1 NRZ 1 dB
BER < 10-10
Power supply current lccr PRBS 223-1 NRZ 70 100 mA
BER < 10-10

CIM I/O Board for an n+1 configuration

Figure 9-17, “Rear View and Location of the VM4S1SS” (p. 9-22) shows a rear view of
the VMCIM, and its locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-18 Rear View and Location of the VMCIM

UPD_0260_vm4s1ss_in_chassis_ed01

The SDH CIM I/O board for an n+1 configuration has the following interface
connections:

Eight SFP Slots

Eight slots) with APS (bi-directional, linear and non-revertible or revertible).
SFP Modules
Two SFP modules for single-mode laser with a wavelength of 1,310 nm and LC
connector: intermediate range (IR-1/S-1.1 (15km)) and long range (LR-1/L-1.1
(40km)).

PDH Circuit Interface Module

The PDH Circuit Interface Module consists of the following hardware:

Processor board
VB32E1T1

I/O board
Two variants:
VM32E1T1
VMRED1 (with relay to protect PDH processor card)

Processor Board
Figure 9-19, “Front View and Location of the VB32E1T1” (p. 9-25) shows a front view
of the VB32E1T1, and its recommended locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-19 Front View and Location of the VB32E1T1

UPD_0258_cim_in_chassis_ed01

I/O Board
Figure 9-20, “Rear View and Location of the VM32E1T1/VMRED1” (p. 9-26) shows a
rear view of the VM32E1T1/VMRED1, and its locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510
MGW.

Figure 9-20 Rear View and Location of the VM32E1T1/VMRED1

UPD_0260_vm4s1ss_in_chassis_ed01

The PDH CIM I/O board has the following interface connections:

T1/E1 connectors
Two T1/E1 interfaces

PDH Circuit Interface Module (CIM2) for DS3

The PDH Circuit Interface Module for DS3 consists of the following hardware:

Processor board
VB12DS3
I/O board
Two variants:
VM12DS3 (in current release supporting 9 DS3 electrical interfaces)
VM12DS3R (with relay to protect PDH processor card)

Figure 9-21 Front View and Location of the VB12DS3

UPD_0258_cim_in_chassis_ed01

I/O Board
Figure 9-22, “Rear View and Location of the VM12DS3” (p. 9-28) shows a rear view of
the VM12DS3, and its locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-22 Rear View and Location of the VM12DS3

The PDH CIM I/O board has the following interface connections:

Eighteen DS3 connectors

Nine DS3 interfaces

Packet Interface Module

The Packet Interface Module consists of the following hardware:

PIM Processor board

VBPI4GE
OR
PIM Processor board
VBPIxGES
Features supported by the VBPIxGES board and the VBPI4GE board:
• BGW application
• Multiple IP addresses per ethernet port
• Advanced BGW features (e. g., for video streams)
• IPv4/IPv6 dual stack
Features supported by the VBPIxGES board:
• Can be configured to operate as SGW for M2UA or M3UA protocol.
Features supported by the VBPI4GE board:
• Max. 2 GE ports.
I/O board
VMPIM2

Processor Board
Figure 9-23, “Front View and Location of the VBPI4GE / VBPIxGES” (p. 9-30) shows a
front view of the VBPI4GE / VBPIxGES, and its recommended locations in an
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW for a Trunking Gateway configuration.

Figure 9-23 Front View and Location of the VBPI4GE / VBPIxGES

UPD_0256_pim_in_chassis_ed01

In a BGW configuration the VBPI4GE / VBPIxGES boards can be located in all slots
except in those slots reserved for SCM and SFM boards.
PIM I/O Board for n+1 or 1+1 Configuration
Figure 9-24, “Rear View and Location of the VMPIM2” (p. 9-31) shows a rear view of
the VMPIM, and its locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-24 Rear View and Location of the VMPIM2

The PIM I/O board provides the following interface connections:

SFP Slots
One SFP slot per connector-block with Ethernet-APS
SFP Modules
Two different SFP modules for single or multi-mode laser with a wavelength of 850 or
1310 nm and LC connector.
• 1000 Base SX modules (850 nm) (multi-mode)
• 1000 Base LX modules (1310 nm) (single-mode)

Media Conversion Module

The MCM consists of the following hardware:

MCM-2 Processor board

VBMCM7E / VBMCM3E
AND
Filler panel I/O board
VMDMY20
OR
Maintenance I/O board
VMCDA
MCM-3 Processor board
VBCIMCM

Processor Board VBMCMxE

Figure 9-25, “Front View and Location of the VBMCMxE” (p. 9-33) shows a front view
of the VBMCMxE, and its recommended locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Figure 9-25 Front View and Location of the VBMCMxE

UPD_0257_mcm_in_chassis_ed01

Note: The recommended locations for VBCIMCM boards are all slots, except 1, 8, 9,
10, 11, 20.
I/O Board
The MCM can be equipped with a filler panel or a maintenance I/O board, i.e., a
VMCDA board.
The VMCDA provides a serial port for those processor boards (SFM and MCM) which
do not have a corresponding I/O board. It is required for maintenance operations, e.g., to
upgrade firmware and for enhanced debugging. The VMCDA provides the same port as
the I/O boards of SCM, CIM and PIM.
It is recommended to equip each chassis with one VMCDA board for fast access in case a
maintenance operation is required, but not necessary for normal operation.

VBCIMCM
Conversion of up to 8,064 DS0 voice channels (using G.711) to packet format, and
vice versa.

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be pre-configured to support up to 9 Media

Conversion Modules.
A Media Conversion Module consists of a pool of DSP resources, several high-speed
microprocessors, memory, and buses to support a large number of voice over IP
connections.
The DSPs, part of the Media Conversion Module, perform voice processing statistics
collection, traffic policing, and signal recognition to discriminate between voice and data
signals, e.g., fax, modem, or DTMF signals. The DTMF signals are transmitted in-band in
the packet network using the G.711 Codec or according to RFC2833 and RFC4733. On
detection of FAX or modem tones, the DSP automatically switches over to FAX-modem
bypass (G.711) or T.38, depending on the configuration used.
Table 9-3, “VBCIMCM Features” (p. 9-34) lists the features of the VBCIMCM card.

Table 9-3 VBCIMCM Features

Feature Description
Functional Provides a pool of DSPs that process voice, fax or data
Codecs G.711 App. I & II (packet time: 10...30 ms), G.726, G.729,
AMR-NB
RTCP
T.38
RFC2833/RFC4733
VBD and V.152
Echo Cancellation (tail length up to 128 ms)
Adaptive Jitter Buffer (maximum value is 135 ms)
Scalability & Performance N/A
Redundancy Pooled architecture scheme in n+1 redundant configurations

Note: For the next release codec extension by G.722 and AMR-WB (G.722.2) is
planned.

Reissue history
Purpose
The reissue of this document is described in the following paragraphs.

Issue 4
The reissue history for Issue 4 is shown in the following table.

Table A-1 Issue 4, December 2012, Reason for reissue

Location Change
All document Replaced several occurrences of 5020 MGC by 5060
MGC.

Issue 3
The reissue history for Issue 3 is shown in the following table.

Table A-2 Issue 3, November 2012, Reason for reissue

Location Change
“About this document” Table of Related Documents is updated: Several 7510
MGW Reference Guides are replaced by document 7510
MGW Commands Reference Guide, 3FZ-08152-AABB-
PCZZA.
The added document covers the contents of the replaced
reference guides.
Chapter 5, “Features and Services - Section “Address Translation, Hosted NAT Traversal,
BGW Application” and Connectivity”: changed number of IP realms per
chassis to “512”.
Chapter 8, “System Management Replaced note by a reference to Software Upgrade
and OAM”, “Software Upgrade Document.
Management”

Table A-3 Issue 2, July 2012, Reason for reissue

Location Change
Document. Removed MGEM/MGAM references from the
document.

Issue 1
The reissue history for Issue 1 is shown in the following table.

Table A-4 Issue 1, May 2012, Reason for reissue

Location Change
First issue of the document.

Overview
Purpose
This Appendix summarizes physical specifications and regulatory compliance
information about the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Contents

Physical Specifications B-1

Compliances and Requirements B-2

Physical Specifications
Table B-1, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Physical Specifications” (p. B-1) shows the
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW physical specifications.

Table B-1 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Physical Specifications

Specification Description
Dimensions Height: 62.2 cm (14 RU) (1 RU = 44.45 mm)
Width: 45.7 cm (18 inch)
Depth: 53.3 cm (21 inch)
Weight 68 kg (150 lbs.) fully configured
Supported Racks Up to three Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGWs can be installed
in one of these racks:
• 7 feet x 19 inch Network Equipment Building
System (NEBS) standards compliant rack
• 2200 mm (H) x 600 mm (W) x 600 mm (D)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI) rack
Operating Temperature Range 0 °C to 40 °C (32 °F to 104 °F)
Storage Temperature Range -20 °C to 65 °C (-4 °F to 149 °F)

Specification Description
Operating Humidity 0 to 80 %, noncondensing
Power -48 V DC, -60 V DC
redundant A and B power feeds
1300 W (typically loaded)
1800 W (fully loaded)

Compliances and Requirements

Table B-2, “Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Compliances and Requirements” (p. B-2) shows
the compliances and requirements of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW:

Table B-2 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Compliances and Requirements

Compliance / Requirement Description

Regulatory Compliance World Market:
• EMC : Emission: CISPR 22 class A
• EMC : Immunity: IEC 61000-4-2 to -4-6
• Safety : IEC 60950-1 (2001)
European Market (CE Marking):
• EMC : EN 300 386 (2001)
• Safety : EN 60950-1 (2001)
North American Market:
• EMC : FCC Part 15
• Safety : UL 60950/ CSA C22.2 No.60950-00
NEBS Requirements • NEBS level 3 certification
• EMC and Safety : GR1089
• Environmental conditions : GR63
Environmental Conditions Climatic, Mechanic and Seismic :
• Operating conditions : EN 300 019-2-3 (2003) [class
3.1 and 3.1E for climatic tests]
• Storage : EN 300 019-2-1 class 1.1
• Transportation : EN 300 019-2-2 class 2.1
Acoustic :
• ETS 300 753

Overview
Purpose
This appendix lists the standards supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.

Contents

Bellcore / Telcordia Specifications C-1

ITU Standards C-2
ANSI / EIA / IEEE Standards C-3
MIBs C-3
IETF RFCs C-4

Bellcore / Telcordia Specifications

Bellcore Specifications
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following Bellcore specifications:
• Bellcore GR-63-CORE
• Bellcore GR-246-CORE
• Bellcore GR-253-CORE
• Bellcore GR-472-CORE
• Bellcore GR-474-CORE
• Bellcore GR-1089-CORE
• Bellcore GR-1244-CORE
• Bellcore GR-1248-CORE
• Bellcore GR-1275-CORE
• Bellcore GR-2914-CORE
• Bellcore SR-3645.

ITU Standards
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following ITU standards:

G.703:
Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces
G.704:
Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44 736 kbit/s
hierarchical levels
G.706:
Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) procedures relating to basic
frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704
G.711:
Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies
G.168:
Digital network echo canceller
G.3:
Universal protocol for sending facsimile
H.248:
Series H, Audiovisual and Multimedia Systems, Gateway Control Protocol

ANSI / EIA / IEEE Standards

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following ANSI/EIA/IEEE standards:

ANSI T1.231:
Digital Hierarchy - Layer 1 In-Service Digital Transmission Performance Monitoring
ANSI T1.107:
Digital Hierarchy - Format Specifications
IEEE 802.3:
Standard for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications
IEEE 802.3u:
100BaseT Fast Ethernet System

MIBs
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following MIBs described in SMIv1
according to RFC 1155 & RFC 1212, and, additional definition of traps according
RFC1215 :

Alcatel-Lucent MIB
enterprise MIB for 7510 specific extensions
RFC 1213
Management Information Base (MIB-II) for use with network management protocols
in TCP/IP- based internets
RFC 1253
OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base
RFC 1389
RIP Version 2 MIB Extensions
RFC 1406
Definitions of Managed Objects for the DS1 and E1 Interface Types
RFC 1650
Definitions of Managed Objects for the Ethernet-like Interface Types
RFC 1907
Management Information Base for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol
RFC 2233
The Interfaces Group MIB
RFC 2558
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7510 MGW C-3
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA Release 4.2
Issue 4 December 2012
Standards MIBs

Definitions of Managed Objects for the SONET/SDH Interface Type

RFC 2571
SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB DEFINITIONS
RFC 2572
Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol
RFC 2573n
Definitions of MIB modules for specifying targets of management operations, for
notification filtering, and for proxy forwarding
RFC 2573t
"
RFC 2574
User-based Security Model (USM for version 3 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol)
RFC 2575
View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management
Protocol

IETF RFCs
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following IETF RFCs:

RFC 768:
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
RFC 791:
Internet Protocol
RFC 792:
Internet Control Message Protocol
RFC 793:
Transmission Control Protocol
RFC 826:
Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol: Or converting network protocol addresses to 48
bit Ethernet address for transmission on Ethernet hardware
RFC 854:
Telnet Protocol Specification
RFC 950:
Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure
RFC 951:

Bootstrap Protocol
RFC 1034:
Domain names - concepts and facilities
RFC 1058:
Routing Information Protocol
RFC 1122:
Requirements for Internet hosts - communication layers.
RFC 1157:
Simple Network Management Protocol
RFC 1305:
Network Time Protocol (Version 3) Specification, Implementation
RFC 1338:
Supernetting: an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy
RFC 1350:
TFTP Protocol (Revision 2)
RFC 1519:
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
RFC 1583:
Open Shortest Path First Protocol, Version 2
RFC 1780:
Internet Official Protocol Standards
RFC 1812:
Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers
RFC 2833 / RFC 4733:
RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones, and Telephony Signals
RFC 2598:
An Expedited Forwarding PHB
RFC 3015:
Megaco Protocol Version 1

Overview
Purpose
This appendix provides a list with Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW components and part
numbers.

Contents

List of Components and Part Numbers D-1

List of Components and Part Numbers

Table D-1 Components and Part Numbers

Part Number Description

3FZ 60028 AAXX Chassis Kit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
• includes chassis (3FZ 50010 AAXX) plus
one (1) Backpanel (3FZ 40000 AAXX)
and three (3) Fan Tray Units (3FZ 50012 AAXX)
3FZ 60028 ABXX Chassis Kit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
• NEBS compliant
• includes chassis (3FZ 50010 AAXX) plus
one (1) Backpanel (3FZ 40000 AAXX)
and three (3) Fan Tray Units metal (3FZ 50012 ABXX)
3FZ 60028 ACAA Chassis Kit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
• includes chassis (3FZ 50010 AABC) plus
one (1) Backpanel (3FZ 40000 AAXX)
and three (3) Fan Tray Units 2 (3FZ 50012 CAXX)
3FZ 30084 AABB System Control Module 2 (SCM)
• processor board with Stratum 3 - VBSCM2S3
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7510 MGW D-1
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA Release 4.2
Issue 4 December 2012
Components and Part Numbers List of Components and Part Numbers

Part Number Description

3FZ 30084 BABB System Control Module 2 (SCM)
• processor board with Stratum 2 - VBSCM2S2
3FZ 30084 DAAA System Control Module 2 (SCM)
• processor board with Stratum 3, FW - VBSCM2S3-FW
3FZ 30084 EAAA System Control Module 2 (SCM)
• processor board with Stratum 2, FW - VBSCM2S2-FW
3FZ 30017 AAAA System Control Module (SCM)
• I/O board with management, timing interface - VMSCM
3FZ 30021 AAAA System Control Module (SCM)
• I/O board with management, timing and alarm interface -
VMSCMA
3FZ 30002 ABAB Switch Fabric Module (SFM)
• processor board - VBSFM
3FZ 30094 ABAA Switch Fabric Module 4GE (SFM2)
• processor board - VBSFM4G1
3FZ 30003 AAAC Circuit Interface Module (CIM)
• processor board for 4-port OC-3/STM-1 - VBC4S1
3FZ 30007 AAAC Circuit Interface Module (CIM)
• I/O board with 4-port OC-3/STM-1 interface (optical) -
VM4S1SS
3FZ 30086 AAAB Circuit Interface Module (CIM)
• MIM board for 16 optical transceivers (not included) -
VMCIM
3FZ 30027 AAAB Circuit Interface Module (CIM)
• processor board for 32-port E1/T1 - VBC32E1
3FZ 30025 ABAB Circuit Interface Module (CIM)
• I/O board with 32-port E1 or T1 interface (electrical) -
VM32E1T1
3FZ 30023 AAAB Circuit Interface Module (CIM)
• I/O board without interface for redundancy - VMRED
3FZ 30102 AAAA Circuit Interface Module (CIM2)
• processor board for 12-board DS3 - VBCIM2
3FZ 30104 AAAA Circuit Interface Module (CIM)
• I/O board with 9-port DS3 interface (electrical) - VM12DS3
3FZ 30106 AAAA Circuit Interface Module (CIM)
• I/O board without DS3 interface for redundancy -VM12DS3R
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
D-2 7510 MGW
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA Release 4.2
Issue 4 December 2012
Components and Part Numbers List of Components and Part Numbers

Part Number Description

3FZ 30108 AAAA Converged Media Conversion Module (MCM) and Circuit
Interface Module (CIM)
• with 16 DSP (TI C6) and 4-port OC-3/STM-1 - VBCIMCM
3FZ 30092 DAAA Packet Interface Module 2 (PIM2)
• processor board for 1-port GigEthernet or Signaling Gateway -
VBPIXGES
3FZ 30092 AAAA Packet Interface Module 2 (PIM2)
• processor board for 4-port GigEthernet - VBPI4GE
3FZ 30086 BAAB Packet Interface Module (PIM)
• MIM board for 4 optical transceivers (not included) - VMPIM
3FZ 30086 DAAA Packet Interface Module (PIM)
• 2GE MIM board for 8 optical transceivers (not included) -
VMPIM2
1AB 23890 0005 Optical Transceiver, SFP (CIM)
• OC3/STM-1 LR-1/L-1.1 40km 1310nm single wavelength -
OE-TRX-STM-LR- L
3FZ 60035 AAAA Optical Transceiver, SFP (CIM)
• OC3/STM-1 IR-1/S-1.1 15km 1310nm single wavelength -
OE-TRX-STM-IR- S
1AB 23890 0004 Optical Transceiver, SFP (PIM)
• GIGE SX 550m 850nm multi-mode - OE-TRX-GIGE-SX
3FZ 60036 AAAA Optical Transceiver, SFP (PIM)
• GIGE LX 10km 1310nm single wavelength -
OE-TRX-GIGE-LX
3FZ 30079 AAAB Media Conversion Module (MCM)
• with 36 DSP (TI C5) - VBMCM7E
3FZ 30079 ABAB Media Conversion Module (MCM)
• with 18 DSP (TI C5) - VBMCM3E
3FZ 30035 AAAC Filling board for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
• processor board 20 mm - MA-VBDMY20
3FZ 30037 AAAC Filling board for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
• processor board 30 mm - MA-VBDMY30
3FZ 30039 AAAD Filling board for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
• I/O board 20 mm - MA-VMDMY20
3FZ 30041 AAAD Filling board for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
• I/O board 30 mm - MA-VMDMY30

Part Number Description

3FZ 30019 AAAA System debug module (SFM, MCM)
• I/O board with craft and debug interface - VMCDA
3FZ 50012 AAAB Fan Tray Unit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - EMA-VS3FU
3FZ 50012 ABAB Fan Tray Unit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - metal -
EMA-VS3FUM
3FZ 50012 CAAA Fan Tray Unit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - semi-metal -
EMA-VS3FU2
1AD 01636 0002 Quadrafoam Air Filter
3FZ 03551 AAAA 7510 SW RTU per VoIP/TDM HP GW session (Min. 32 E1/T1; 1
STM-1/OC-3)
- (7510 SW RTU - VoIP)
3FZ 03551 ABAA 7510 SW RTU per MTP1 link
- (7510 SW RTU - M2UA)
3FZ 03551 ACAA 7510 SW RTU per Peering GW session (Min. 1k IP-IP sessions)
- (7510 SW RTU - Peering)
3FZ 03551 ADAA 7510 SW RTU per MTP1 link
- (7510 SW RTU - M3UA)
3FZ 03551 AEAA 7510 SW RTU per MGW supporting SIP Firewall functionallity
- (7510 SW RTU - SIP FW)

Note: Chassis 3FZ 50010 AAAB is not supported anymore.

A ACELP
Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction

ACO
Alarm Cut Off

ALG
Application Layer Gateway

AMC
Advanced Mezzanine Card

AMR
Adaptive Multi-Rate

AMR-WB
AMR Wide Band

APS
Automatic Protection Switching

ARP
Address Resolution Protocol

AS
Application Server

ATCF
Access Transfer Control Function

ATGW
Access Transfer Gateway

B BERT
Bit Error Rate Test

BGF
Border Gateway Function

BGW
Border Gateway

BHCA
Busy Hour Call Attempts

BITS
Building Integrated Timing Source

C C-BGF
Centralized Border Gateway Function

CAGW
Centralized Access Gateway

CDBM
Configuration Database Manager

CDR
Call Detail Record

CESoIP
Circuit Emulation Service over IP

CHT
Call Hold Time

CIM
Circuit Interface Module

CLI
Command Line Interface

CLIP
Calling Line Identification Presentation

CoAPS
Context Attempts Per Second

COM
Centralized Operations Manager

CPU
Central Processing Unit

D DCME
Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment

DiffServ
Differentiated Services

DNS
Domain Name Service

DoS
Denial of Service

DRM
Dynamic Resource Management

DS3
Digital Signal 3

DSCP
Differentiated Services Code Point

DSP
Digital Signaling Processor

DST
Daylight Saving Time

DTX
Discontinuous Transmission

E EFR
Enhanced Full Rate

EMC
Electro Magnetic Compatibility

EPS
Equipment Protection Switching

ESP
Encapsulating Security Protocol

ESP
Encapsulating Security Payload

eSRVCC
Enhanced SRVCC

ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7510 MGW GL-3
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA Release 4.2
Issue 4 December 2012
Glossary

F FoIP
Fax over IP

FR
Full Rate

FSK
Frequency Shift Keying

FTAM
Fault Tolerant Application Manager

FTP
File Transfer Protocol

G GFI
Generic Forwarding Interface

GUI
Graphical User Interface

H HR
Half Rate

HW
Hardware

I IBCF
Interconnection Border Control Function

IGW
International Gateway

IM
Instant Messaging

IMS
IP Multimedia Subsystem

IP
Internet Protocol

IPsec
IP security

ISC
International Switching Center
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
GL-4 7510 MGW
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA Release 4.2
Issue 4 December 2012
Glossary

L LD-CELP
Low-Delay Code Excited Linear Prediction

LED
Light Emitting Diode

LEX
Local EXchange

LPS
Link Protection Switching

LTE
Long Term Evolution

M MAC
Medium Access Control

MACs
Message Authentication Codes

MCM
Media Conversion Module

MF
Multi Frequency

MGC
Media Gateway Controller

MGW
Media Gateway

MIB
Management Information Base

MIM
Media Interface Module

MSP
Multiplex Section Protection

MSRP
Message Session Relay Protocol

MTBF
Mean Time Between Failures
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7510 MGW GL-5
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA Release 4.2
Issue 4 December 2012
Glossary

N NAPT
Network Address and Port Translation

NAT
Network Address Translation

NEBS
Network Equipment Building System

NGN
Next Generation Network

NML
Network Management Layer

NTEs
Named Telephone Events

NTP
Network Time Protocol

O OAM
Operations, Administration and Maintenance

OS
Operating System

P PBX
Private Branch Exchange

PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PIF
Port Interface

PIM
Packet Interface Module

PRA
Primary Rate Access

PSF
Packet Switching Fabric

PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network

Q QoS
Quality of Service

R RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service

RCS
Rich Communication Suite

RPE-LTP
Regular Pulse Excitation - Long Term Prediction

RTCP
Real-time Transport Control Protocol

RTCP XR
RTCP Extended Report

RTOS
Real-Time Operating System

RTP
Real-time Transport Protocol

S SCM
System Control Module

SCTP
Stream Control Transmission Protocol

SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SFM
Switch Fabric Module

SFM2
Switch Fabric Module 4GE

SFW
SIP Firewall

SIGTRAN
Signaling Transport

SMS
System Management Server

SONET
Synchronous Optical Network

SRS
System Route Server

SRVCC
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity

SSH
Secure SHell

SSM
Synchronization Status Message

SSU
Synchronization Supply Unit

SVGA
Super Video Graphics Array

SW
Software

T TCF
Training Check Frame

TCP
Transmission Control Protocol

TDM
Time Division Multiplex

TGW
Trunking Gateway

TOS
Type Of Service

TSL
Transport Layer Security

U UDP
User Datagram Protocol

UI
User Interface
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
GL-8 7510 MGW
3FZ-08014-AABB-DEZZA Release 4.2
Issue 4 December 2012
Glossary

V VAD
Voice Activity Detection

VBD
Voice Band Data

VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network

VMG
Virtual Media Gateway

VoIP
Voice over IP

VoLTE
Voice over LTE

VoP
Voice over Packet

W WAN
Wide Area Network

X XML
eXtended Markup Language

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