Mitosis
Concept: How body (somatic)
cells are created.
Mitosis: The replication of
the chromosome material
and the production of two
genetically identical nuclei in
and from one parent cell.
(Asexual)
We start here at the…
The Cell Cycle Cell Cycle: An ordered
sequence of events in
the life of a dividing
cell, composed of the
M, G1,S,and G2 phases.
• The bulk of a cells life
is spent in interphase,
not cell division.
• Mitosis occurs during
the M phase of the cell
cycle.
• The cell cycles process
of cell division
produces offspring
cells that are
genetically identical to
each other and to the
parent cell.
It starts with ….
Interphase
The Cell Cycle
Then Mitosis ….
(PMAT)
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
It ends with….
Cytokinesis
Then the cycle
repeats….
Interphase
Interphase
• Interphase occurs for
the longest period of
time during the cell
cycle.
• Materials for the next
cell division are
synthesized.
• Ex- DNA and
chromosomes are
duplicated in the
nucleus.
• So basically…the cells
genetic material is
doubled during this
phase.
First…..
Prophase • The long thin
chromosomes become
thicker and shorter
• Each chromosome now
appears as a doubled
structure joined at a
centromere.
• Centrioles begin to move
to opposite ends of the
cell (there are no
centrioles in plant cells)
Later….
• Nuclear envelope
breaks down and
cytoplasmic fibers
stretch from
centriole to
centriole.
Metaphase
• The double
chromosomes line
up along the
middle cell.
• Cytoplasmic
fibers now are
attached to each
doubled
chromosome at
the centromere.
• Remember…
M=middle
• The doubled
Anaphase chromosomes
separate.
• The new
chromosomes
are pulled to
opposite ends of
the cell by the
cytoplasmic
fibers.
• Picture an X
splitting in half
vertically.
• Now the separated
Telophase chromosomes approach
the opposite ends of
the cell and group
together.
• A new nuclear envelope
is formed around the
chromosomes.
• The cytoplasm begins to
divide and a new cell
membrane forms. (In
plant cells a new cell
wall is laid down
between the two new
cells.)
• Two new diploid
daughter cells are
formed.
Cytokinesis
• Divides the cytoplasm into two
cells and completes a full stage
of the cell cycle.
• How many chromosomes should each of
the cells have if they were human cells?
2 types of control for mitosis
• Internal control: involves a substance that
regulates the timing of the specific phases
of the cell cycle. (EX. DNA replication stage
before mitosis stage)
• External control: An external signal that
initiates of suppress the events of the cell
cycle.
– Contact Inhibition: causes cells to stop
dividing so overcrowding of cells does not
occur.
– (EX. A healing wound or growth hormone)
Does mitosis allow for genetic variability?
