VoLTE Solution Overview

www.huawei.com

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Objective

⚫ Upon completion of this course, you will be able to understand:

 Main LTE voice solution

 VoLTE solution

 VoLTE network architecture

 VoLTE Deployment Policy

 VoLTE service flow

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
 Contents
1. LTE Voice Solution

2. VoLTE Solution

3. VoLTE Network Architecture

4. VoLTE Network Deployment

5. VoLTE Service Flow

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3
 LTE Network Architecture

PCRF

S6a
HSS
Rx
Gx
S11
MME
S1-C S5 SGi Operator’s
S1-U IP Service
E-UTRAN S-GW PDN-GW

⚫ EPC is based on packet domain, no longer support circuit

domain

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Commercial LTE Voice Solutions
CS Fallback : fall back to 2G/3G from LTE
network when initialing or receiving volice calls

Data on LTE
Voice on CS
SVLTE : Dual Radio Terminals are required, A CS
domain provides voice service, and an LTE
network provides data services
LT E Vo i ce
So l u t i o n

OTT Mode: use OTT applications to provide voice

service

Data & Voice

on LTE
IMS/SRVCC : voice services are over the IMS and
then over LTE network, Subscriber can roam and
handover between the LTE and 2G/3G network

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What’s CSFB ?
⚫ CSFB(Circuit Switched Fallback): LTE network only provides data service,
when UE launch or receive voice calls, by the EPS network indicates the
user, fallback to CS domain for voice service, Users need to register in
EPS and CS networks at the same time

Fallback to
2G/3G
Voice Calls
in LTE

LTE Coverage

2G/3G Coverage

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 CSFB Call Flow ⚫ Terminal Side :
MSC  MSC server sends a paging request to MME over
MM
SGs interface
E  The MME forwards the paging request instructing
SGs EPC
CS the UE fall back to the 2G/3G network

3
 The UE falls back to the 2G/3G network
1
 The UE sends a paging response to the MSC server
and answers the call based on the normal
terminating flow
2G/3G 2
LTE
Fall back
MSC 1 MM
⚫ Original Side : E
CS SGs EPC
 UE sends a voice call request to MME, the MME then
4
instructs the UE fall back to the 2G/3G network 2

 The UE falls back to the 2G/3G network.

 The UE initiates a call based on the normal 2G/3G LTE
3

originating flow on the 2G/3G network Fall back

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What’s SVLTE？
⚫ SVLTE(Simultaneous Voice and LTE): dual-mode mobile phones work on
LTE network and CS network simultaneously. The LTE network provides
data services, while the CS network provides voice services

MSC MME

CS EPC

Audio Service Data Service

2G/3G LTE

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What’s OTT Mode?
⚫ Over-the-top (OTT) is a solution that uses APPs, such as the Skype, to
provide voice services for LTE subscribers

HSS
MME

EPC

E- UTRAN
S/P-GW
Handset
Default Bearer：OTT APPs
Voice

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9
 Contents
1. LTE Voice Solution

2. VoLTE Solution

3. VoLTE Network Architecture

4. VoLTE Network Deployment

5. VoLTE Service Flow

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page10
 What’s VoLTE？
VoLTE(Voice over LTE): is an IMS-based voice solution defined by 3GPP. By
deploying the IMS network, operators not only migrate traditional voice
and short message services on live networks but also integrate voice
services with various enhanced functions to diversify services

PCRF
MME

EPC
E-UTRAN IMS Core
S/P-GW SBC I/S-CSCF
Handset /P-CSCF
Default bearer: IMS Signaling
Dedicated bearer: Voice Media
SIP Signaling
Voice

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 Three Forces to Drive VoLTE/RCS driving force
investigation result
(159 participants in the IMS summit
VoLTE Development in April 2011)

1. Competing with OTT 2. User experience 3. Unifying the network and reducing
(real driving force) 33.33% (permanent driving force) 30.19% TCO(long-term driving force) 26.42%

• The LTE network features high • HD voice •The spectral efficiency of LTE voice
bandwidth, low delay, all IP, and always • HD video session services increases over four times
online, which facilitates OTT
application development • Faster call connection compared with that of CS voice
• IMS-based multimedia voice services • Rich multimedia communication services
and RCS serve as carriers' main experience (IM/Presence •Number of voice channels per sector
competitive sources service/enhanced address book) •Source: Qualcomm
• VoLTE provided by carriers outperforms
OTT in the following aspects:
• Telecommunication subscriber ID
and authentication
• Interconnection and interworking
• QoS guarantee
• Handover and roaming to 2G and 3G
networks
• Fee package bound to mobile
broadband
The time for setting up a VoLTE call is
• Fault troubleshooting and customer
half that for setting up a 3G call.
care

Better communication Faster connection Richer Higher spectral

quality rate services efficiency

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Advantage of VoLTE – Better and Faster
Better Faster connection Richer Higher spectral
communication rate services efficiency
quality

⚫ VoLTE can significantly reduce the call establish delay, provide high-definition audio
and video calls, greatly enhance the user experience

⚫ Fast connection:
 CS call establish duration is around 4-5s，VoLTE
is 0.8 -1.5s

⚫ HD video:
 VoLTE typical video definition is 480*640
（VGA）, HD 720P and full HD 1080P is possible
（H.264/H.265）
SD and HD video size
 3G typical video definition is 176*144（QCIF）
compare

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 Advantage of VoLTE -- HD Voice Quality
Common ear listening range (CD/MP3 range)

HD voice (AMR-WB) The frequency range of human speech

Audio
range
20 50 80 7000
3400 12k Hz 20k Hz
Hz Hz Hz 300 CS Hz
Hz （AMR-NB) Hz

HD voice: (Twice frequency range the AMR-NB)

• VoCS voice: AMR-NB 300~3400 Hz, sampling frequency 8kHz, 12.2Kbps
• VoLTE HD voice: AMR-WB (G.722.2 ) : 50~7000 Hz, same as the G.711 in PSTN, sampling frequency
16kHz, 23.85Kbps.
• CD music: 20~20K Hz, sampling frequency 44.1K

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Advantage of VoLTE -- QoS
Best effort for OTT services

LTE

Dedicated Bearer for VoLTE

QCI Resource Pri Delay Error Rate Service
1 GBR 2 100ms 10-2 VoLTE voice
2 GBR 4 150ms 10-3 VoLTE video
OTT voice
9 Non-GBR 9 300ms 10-6
OTT video

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VoLTE with RCS

Convergent
Communication

VoLTE HD voice and RCS embedded

video Contact Multimedia Message

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Introduction of SRVCC
MME

SAE-GW
IMS CN
Voice media
flows

Handover

⚫ SRVCC(Single Radio Voice Call Continuity ) : Calls are set up in the LTE
over VoIP / VoIMS.When a subscriber moves to an area uncovered by
the LTE network while holding a call, the call is switched to the CS
domain. SRVCC interprets a switchover process

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Comparison Among CSFB, SVLTE, OTT and VoLTE
Deployment
Solution Feature Advantage Disadvantage
Suggestion
UEs attach to the LTE
Slight change is required Initial phase of the
network. When a UE The call delay is long.
on live networks. LTE network
CSFB initiates or receives a call, User experience is
New NEs do not need to (transition
the UE falls back to the CS affected.
be deployed. solution)
network.
Terminals attach to both Costs of mobile phones Initial phase of the
the CS and LTE networks. The live network does are high. Advantages of LTE network
SVLTE
The CS network provides not need to be adjusted. the LTE network cannot (transition
voice services. be used. solution)
Voice calls are not
Voice services are reliable.
Slight change is required
OTT implemented by APPs of Roaming and -
on live networks.
OTT carriers. interworking are hard
to be implemented.
The IMS and LTE networks
Rich multimedia
provide voice services. The
services. The IMS network needs Large-scale LTE
VoLTE handover between the LTE
HD voice/video. to be deployed. coverage
network and 2G/3G
E2E QoS
network is supported.

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18
 Contents
1. LTE Voice Solution

2. VoLTE Solution

3. VoLTE Network Architecture

4. VoLTE Network Deployment

5. VoLTE Service Flow

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 What is IMS?
IMS is IP Multimedia Subsystem
⚫ Based on IP bear network
⚫ Uses SIP protocol as core session control protocol
⚫ Supports access-independent and thus provide more competitive service packages

Multiple Access Modes IP Multimedia Service

Mobile Network: Session Service:

WiMax Voice and Video Call
LTE/ SAE Conference
Message
GSM/ WCDMA/
CDMA/ TD-SCDMA

Fixed Network: Non-Session Service:

LAN, WLAN, and xDSL IPTV, Media, and Web

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History of IMS
⚫ The IMS is introduced as part of 3GPP specifications at the R5 stage, act
as a subsystem of the PS domain
3GPP R7
3GPP R6 - IMS
- IMS QoS, enhance
3GPP R5 Billing, FMC,
3GPP R4 - CN: IMS
etc
- CN: MSC server introduced
3GPP R99 and MGW
-CN: TDM

2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 2005/12 2006/X

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History of IMS (Cont.)

Introduction of
Version Description
Feature
SRVCC Handover from LTE to 2/3G network
CSFB Fall back from LTE network to 2G/3G for voice
R8
SAE/LTE LTE support semi-persistent schedule for voice Service
ICS IMS centralized control CS domain and IP CAN
Emergency Call VoLTE support emergency call
R9
SRVCC4E-call SRVCC for emergency call
R10 eSRVCC Enhancement of SRVCC
RAVEL IMS roaming architecture
R11
rSRVCC Handover from 2G/3G to LTE network

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VoLTE Network Architecture
Operation Support Layer and Service
Layer
⚫ Operation support layer
Operation support layer  Functions: This layer provides various
functions, such as network management,
subscription data storage, unified operations
on the web portal, charging, and equipment
management
 NEs: DMS, SPG, CCF, and EMS

Service layer
⚫ Service layer
 Functions: This layer consists of different
ATS application servers and resource servers to
(MMtel AS/SCC AS/IP-SM-
GW/IM-SSF/Anchor AS) provide services, such as instant messaging,
conferences, games, as well as service
capabilities, such as group and media
resource capabilities.
 NEs: ATS and RCS

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NEs at the Service Layer - ATS
3GPP Mobile TISPAN Business
MMTel special PSTN service
⚫ The ATS provides traditional service service service
mobile services and
multimedia services
ATS
(MMTel + SCC AS + IP-SM-GW + IM-
SSF + anchor AS)

IMS network

MBB FBB PSTN

Mobile terminal Soft SIP
CPE
phone terminal

POTS POTS

⚫ The ATS integrates the functions of the MMTel AS, IM-SSF, SCC AS, Anchor AS, and IP-SM-
GW to reduce the number of attempts to trigger iFC during calls and realize service
resources sharing

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NEs at the Service Layer - RCS AS
⚫ The RCS AS provides the OMA IM, Presence, XDMS, and DS functions to
implement the IM, Presence, and Network Address Book services

Image/Video share + Voice

File transfer
RCS-e Offline storage and forwarding
IM (1-1 and 1-M)
Capability discovery

Presence
RCS NAB/CAB
VoLTE integration

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Core Layer
⚫ The core layer is divided into the following three
Core layer
parts:
 IMS domain : NEs in the IMS domain implement
such functions for LTE subscribers as registration,
authentication, session path control, service trigger,
route selection, resource control, inter-domain
interworking, and access resource control
 CS domain : NEs in the CS domain implement such
functions for LTE subscribers as mobility
management and voice services, including
handovers and CSFB
 SingleSDB: The SingleSDB provides the functions of
the USCDB, HLR, IMS-HSS, SAE-HSS, PCRF,
DNS/ENUM for centralized storage of VoLTE
subscribers' service data. The data can be used by
the CS, IMS, and EPC domains

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NEs at the Core Layer - IMS Domain

⚫ The Network Elements in the IMS Domain:

Function NE Function NE
P－CSCF MGCF
Network
Call control I－CSCF IM－MGW
interworking
S－CSCF BGCF

User HSS MRFC

management Media resource
SLF MRFP

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 Call Session Control Function - CSCF

CSCF Key Functions

SCP SIP AS 3rd party AS

1: The 1s t contact point to the IMS network in the

P-CSCF visiting domain or home domain

S-CSCF I-CSCF 2: Access network control
(Proxy)
HSS
P-CSCF
database 3: QoS control, NAT control and security control
AGCF
MGCF
I-CSCF 1: First entry to the IMS network of a carrier

NASS Subsystem RACS Subsystem (Interrogat 2: S-CSCF assignment and session routing
IP Bearer ing) 3: Topology hiding

1: User registration authentication

S-CSCF 2: Session route control (Normal, interworking,
MSAN
SIP Phone Legacy (Serving) Emergency call)
Broadband WIFI network
3: Service trigger

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 CSCF Type and Function
Visited Home HSS

network network
⑶
S-CSCF assignment

⑴ P-CSCF ⑵ I-CSCF
Register Register ⑷ S-CSCF

⑺ ⑹
⑻ OK
OK OK

NE Register Session
Access point during the registration. P-
Caller network: work as the access point for the caller.
P-CSCF CSCF stay at the visited network when
Callee network: P-CSCF transfers the message to the callee
subscriber roaming

S-CSCF User authentication, User data download Call session control, service trigger

I-CSCF Selects S-CSCF during the registration Only work as the access point at Callee network

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Simple Model for IMS Call Procedure
⚫ While 2 IMS users call each other, the P/I/S-CSCF can handle the whole
signaling routing procedure

Caller part Callee part

S-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF

P-CSCF DNS/ENUM HSS P-CSCF

Media

signaling media

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 Database Function－HSS and SLF
NE Key Functions
1: User Identification, Numbering and
SCP SIP AS 3rd party AS addressing information

HSS 2: User Security information: Network access

S-CSCF I-CSCF
HSS/SLF Home control information for authentication and
database
P-CSCF Subscriber authorization
AGCF MGCF

Server 3: User Location information at inter-system

level
NASS Subsystem RACS Subsystem

IP Bearer 4: User profile information (iFC, etc)

SLF
When an operator has more than one HSS,
Subscription
MSAN
SLF is used to select the related HSS, and
SIP Phone Legacy Locator
Broadband WIFI network usually SLF is combined with the HSS
Function

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 Interworking Nodes

NE Key Functions
Media Gateway Control Function
SCP SIP AS 3rd party AS
1:Controls the IMS-MGW for establish/modify/delete
I-CSCF HSS media channels
S-CSCF MGCF
2: Selects the I-CSCF for incoming calls from PSTN/CS
BGCF
MGCF 3: Performs protocol conversion between ISUP and SIP
MGW SGW
AGCF
P-CSCF IM-MGW-- IMS-Media Gateway Function
IM-MGW 1: Terminate bearer channels from a switched circuit
network and media streams from a packet network
NASS Subsystem RACS Subsystem
IP Bearer Breakout Gateway Control Function
BGCF 1: Select a proper MGCF for interworking with the
PSTN/CS domain

Signaling Gateway
MSAN
SIP Phone Legacy
Broadband WIFI network SGW 1: Complete the transition from ISUP over IP to ISUP over
TDM, because the MGCF only support IP

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 Connection to Legacy Networks
⚫ While an IMS subscriber calls a PSTN/PLMN subscriber

IMS Domain

MGCF

S-CSCF/ BGCF PLMN or PSTN

PLMN/ PSTN
Gateway office

I-CSCF
IM-MGW

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IMS Multimedia Resources Function

NE Key Functions
SCP SIP AS 3rd party AS Multimedia Resource Function Controller
1: Controls the media stream resources in the
S-CSCF I-CSCF MRFP
MRFC
HSS/SLF
database MRFC 2:Interprets information coming from an AS and S-
P-CSCF
MGCF CSCF (e.g session identifier) and control MRFP
MRFP
accordingly

NASS Subsystem RACS Subsystem Multimedia Resource Function Processor

IP Bearer 1: Provides resources to be controlled by the
MRFC
MRFP 2: Mixes incoming media streams (e.g. for
multiple parties)
MSAN
SIP Phone Legacy 3: Processes media streams (e.g. audio
Broadband WIFI network transcoding, media analysis)

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Other NEs in IMS Domain-DNS&ENUM
DNS function ENUM function

home1.net +8675528780808

Calling party Called party

S-CSCF
I-CSCF S-CSCF

P-CSCF 4 HSS
1
3 P-CSCF
2

DNS /ENUM ENUM

189.17.2.123 Media
sip: +8675528780808 @home1.net

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 Other NEs in IMS Domain-SBC
⚫ Signaling proxy: For a UE, the SBC is the P-CSCF. For the P-CSCF, the SBC is a UE.

⚫ Media proxy: All media streams are transmitted through the SBC

P-CSCF

SBC
Media flow

UE3 Signaling flow

IP bearer
UE2
UE1

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Access Layer
⚫ Access layer
Access layer
 Functions:
 The access layer controls LTE subscriber access
and provides mobility management for LTE
subscribers
 When an LTE subscriber is in the LTE coverage, the
subscriber can access an IMS network through the
EPC
 When a subscriber moves out of the LTE coverage,
the subscriber can access an IMS network through
a 2G/3G network using ICS.
 If the 2G/3G network does not support ICS, a
subscriber accesses a legacy CS network
 NEs: eMSC server (mAGCF), S-GW, P-GW, and
MME

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Terminal Layer
⚫ Terminal layer
Terminal layer
 LTE terminals are classified into VoLTE terminals
and non-VoLTE terminals
 VoLTE terminals are those that rely on an IMS or
LTE network to use voice services. They include
Single Radio terminals, LTE data cards, and CPEs.
 Non-VoLTE terminals are those that rely on a CS
network to use voice services and that connect to
an LTE network to use data services. They include
Dual Radio and CSFB terminals
 Types: Single Radio terminals (SRVCC
terminals), LTE data cards, CPEs, Dual Radio
terminals (SVLTE terminals), and CSFB terminals

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page39
 Contents
1. LTE Voice Solution

2. VoLTE Solution

3. VoLTE Network Architecture

4. VoLTE Network Deployment

5. VoLTE Service Flow

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page40
 VoLTE Phase-based Deployment Policy
Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 3:
Hot spot LTE coverage Continuous LTE coverage Full LTE coverage

LTE LTE
LTE LTE
2G/3G 2G/3G 2G/3G

Pre-VoLTE Initial commercial use Large-scale commercial

deployment
⚫ Terminals: ⚫ Terminals: ⚫ Terminals:
 Initial smartphone  Smartphone
 Smartphone

 LTE data card and LTE CPE  LTE data card and LTE CPE
 LTE data card and LTE CPE

⚫ Deployment suggestions: ⚫ Deployment suggestions: ⚫ Deployment suggestions:

 CSFB  IMS-based VoLTE voice
 The LTE network becomes the
 CPEs subscribe to IMS-based
services mainstream.
VoIP voice services  eSRVCC
 ICS
 Soft clients subscribe to rich  Convergent database
 IMS roaming and

media RCS services SingleSDB interworking

 LTE-based rich media RCS

services

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Network Evolution Solution

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Evolution to IMS/SRVCC/ICS

The live network

solution evolves to ICS
in the following ways:
Live network MSC servers • Evolution from
Deploy the SRVCC IWF/MGCF. deployment of the
overlay eMSC server
to ICS
• Direct Evolution to
MSC servers
ICS

Enhanced with the mAGCF/SRVCC IWF

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Evolution from CSFB to ICS

MSC servers

Enhanced with CSFB

MSC servers VoLTE (overlay eMSC server)

MSC servers MSC s ervers

Deploy MSC servers to serve as CSFB proxies. Enhanced with the SRVCC IWF/MGCF

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 How to deploy VoLTE？
SingleSDB new NEs
(convergent HLR/HSS, PCRF) 1
for LTE subs. RCS AS or
2 TAS
Existing HLR other SIP as
for 2G/3G subs.

IMS I/S-CSCF

MGCF/
SRVCC IWF/
Less impact on live network 3 CSFB proxy
4 SBC/P-CSCF
IM-MGW

CS Existing MSC
EPC
MME SAE GW

2G/3G LTE

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 Contents
1. LTE Voice Solution

2. VoLTE Solution

3. VoLTE Network Architecture

4. VoLTE Network Deployment

5. VoLTE Service Flow

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VoLTE APN Architecture
E-UTRAN EPC Internet

UE eNodeB S-GW P-GW Peer Entity

Default bearer (Non-GBR) QCI=6/7/8/9 PDN:Internet Data Bearer

PDN Connection1: APN1(Internet)

UE UE eNodeB S-GW P-GW Peer Entity

Default bearer (Non-GBR) QCI=5 IMS Signaling

PDN:IMS
Dedicated bearer (GBR) QCI=1 Voice Media

PDN Connection2: APN2(IMS)

APN Bearer QCI Media

Data APN Default Bearer QCI=6/7/8/9 Data
IMS APN Default Bearer QCI=5 IMS Signaling
Dedicated Bearer QCI=1 IMS Voice

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 Contents
5. VoLTE Service Flow
5.1 Naming and Addressing Concepts

5.2 IMS Register Flow

5.3 VoLTE Call Flow

5.4 SRVCC Flow

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Numbering and addressing

User ID NE ID Service ID

 IMPI, IMPU  Host name+  SIP URI, Tel URI

SIP URI, Tel URI Domain
 IP address

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 Identifier in IMS System
SIP URI Tel URI

⚫ SIP Uniform Resource Identifier (SIP ⚫ Base on E.164 rules:

Uniform Resource Identifier)
 Example: tel:+867552220001
 SIP URI consists of user name and
domain:
◼ User name can be the part of E.164
number, and domain is the network
domain
◼ Example:
SIP:[email protected]

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 User Identifier - IMPI
⚫ Private user identities (IMPI):
 A unique global identity defined by the Home Network Operator
 The IMPI is used for registration, authentication, management, and charging
 NAI format: username + @ + domain name
 Stored in the HSS, and ISIM, dynamically stored in the S-CSCF

An IMS
Leo's Private user identity
user shall have
one or more IMPIs
1 [email protected]
2 [email protected]
VoLTE [email protected]

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 User Identifier - IMPU
⚫ Public user identities (IMPU):
 Is used for any user to make call to other users, every IMS user shall have one or
more IMPU
 IMPU can be use 2 kinds of formats:
◼ SIP URI format: sip: + user information + @ + host
◼ TEL URI format: tel: + CC - AC- number
 One or more IMPUs can be associated with one service profile
 Stored in the HSS, and ISIM, dynamically stored in the S-CSCF

No. SIP URI Tel URI

1 sip:[email protected] Tel:+86-139-1234-5678

2 sip:[email protected] Tel:+86-134-1234-5678

sip:[email protected].
VoLTE Tel:+86-139-1234-5678
mcc460.3gppnetwork.org

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 Numbering and Addressing
⚫ Identification of network nodes
 The CSCF, BGCF and MGCF nodes shall be identifiable using a valid SIP UIR(Host
Domain Name or Network Address) on those interfaces supporting the SIP protocol
 e.g.: SIP: scscf1.huawei.com

SIP: hss.huawei.com
SIP: scscf.huawei.com
HSS S-CSCF

I-CSCF

SIP: icscf.huawei.com
P-CSCF
SIP: pcscf.huawei.com

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 Numbering and Addressing(Cont.)
⚫ Public Service Identities (PSI)
 PSI identify services
 Public Service Identity is hosted by an Application Server
 The format of the PSI is SIP URI or tel URL

conference service
message service Sip:[email protected]
Sip:[email protected]

AS1 AS2

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 Contents
5. VoLTE Service Flow
5.1 Naming and Addressing Concepts

5.2 IMS Registration Flow

5.3 VoLTE Call Flow

5.4 SRVCC Flow

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VoLTE Registration Flow
IMS

EPS Attach

Data APN PDN Connectivity and Default Bearer Setup

IMS APN PDN Connectivity and Default Bearer Setup

IMS Network Registration

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IMS Registration Flow

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 NE Functions during Registration

NE Main Functions
1: Check the IMPI、IMPU、home network
P-CSCF 2: Obtain the address of I-CSCF by home domain name
3: Forward the SIP register request to I-CSCF
1: Query HSS to assign S-CSCF
I-CSCF 2: Route a SIP request received from another network to S-CSCF
1: Downloads authentication data from HSS and authenticates the user
S-CSCF 2: Downloads the subscription from HSS after the successful authentication
3: Trigger the 3rd party registration
1: Interact with I-CSCF to assign S-CSCF
HSS 2: Deliver authentication parameters and user profiles, mark the user registration
status.

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page58
 目 录
5. VoLTE Service Flow
5.1 Naming and Addressing Concepts

5.2 IMS Registration Flow

5.3 VoLTE Call Flow

5.4 SRVCC Flow

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page59
Internal Phases of the IMS Session Procedure
⚫
Establishment of sessions include: Origination procedures, SS procedures
and Termination procedures

MO procedure SS procedure MT procedure

❑From the caller UE ❑From the S-CSCF/AS ❑From the S-CSCF/AS

to the S-CSCF/AS in the caller part to where the callee UE
where the caller UE the S-CSCF/AS in registered to the
registered the callee part callee UE

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Simple Model for Call Procedure
⚫ During a call between IMS users, the P-CSCF, I-CSCF, and S-CSCF
completes the entire signaling routing procedure

MO SS MT

Calling Part Called Part

S-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF

P-CSCF DNS/ENUM HSS P-CSCF

Media

Signaling Media

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 Session Procedure Related Network Nodes

UE Main Functions
P-CSCF 1: Caller part: the 1st contact point to access to the IMS
2: Callee part: P-CSCF forwards the messages to the callee
S-CSCF Realize the call control function for both caller part and callee part
I-CSCF Contact point to access to the callee’s home network
AS Implement service for both caller and callee side
DNS/ DNS: Reply the ICSCF IP address for S-CSCF query
ENUM ENUM: Map the TEL format IMPU to SIPURI format
HSS Only used in the callee part. I-CSCF locate the SCSCF by query the HSS

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page62
 Contents
5. VoLTE Service Flow
5.1 Naming and Addressing Concepts

5.2 IMS Registration Flow

5.3 VoLTE Call Flow

5.4 SRVCC Flow

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page63
 What is SRVCC? Peer
Network

Remote
⚫ Call established on the LTE and IMS UE

networks
IMS CS
⚫ During a call, when a UE moves out of SCC AS

the LTE coverage area, the voice service

hands over to CS network SBC/P-CSCF SRVCC
IWF

⚫ The media handover point is the peer NE EPC

(peer UE), when the local access

S-GW/ MSC
MME MGW
P-GW
network changes, the local UE sends the Server

new SDP information to the peer NE to

update the media path
E-UTRAN UE UTRAN/GERAN
Bearer before
handover
⚫ Re-establish E2E signaling and media Access Network Bearer after
Handover handover
bearers

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Peer
Network

What is eSRVCC？ Remote

UE

⚫ The media handover point is changed to the IMS CS

SCC AS
NE closer to the local NE to reduce the HO
duration
SBC/P-CSCF/
ATCF/ATGW SRVCC
⚫ In the eSRVCC network architecture, the IWF

ATCF/ATGW is added between the P-CSCF EPC

and the I-CSCF/S-CSCF, Media session is

S-GW/ MSC
MME MGW
P-GW Server
anchored to the ATGW

⚫ Only media information on the ATGW

needs to be updated when an SRVCC E-UTRAN UE UTRAN/GERAN

handover occurs. Media information on the

Access Network
Handover
remote UE does not need to be updated Bearer before handover
Bearer after handover
Unchanged bearer during handover

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Difference Between eSRVCC and SRVCC

Solution Media Handover Point Handover Duration

SRVCC The media handover point is the peer NE (peer UE. Long duration (re-
When the local access network changes, the local UE establishing E2E media
sends the new SDP information to the peer NE for the path requires complex
media path updating message interworking)

eSRVCC The media handover point is changed to the NE closer Short duration (The path
to the local NE to reduce the HO duration. of new media path is
In the eSRVCC network architecture, the ATCF/ATGW much shorter.)
is added between the P-CSCF and the I-CSCF/S-CSCF.
If an SRVCC handover is required, the media session is
anchored to the ATGW. Only media information on
the ATGW needs to be updated when an SRVCC
handover occurs. Media information on the remote
UE does not need to be updated

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page66
 Summary
⚫ This course describes:
 A variety of LTE voice solutions
 VoLTE solution basic concepts
 VoLTE network architecture
 VoLTE network deployment
 VoLTE service flow

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page67
 Abbreviation
VoLTE Voice Over LTE
CSFB Circuit Switched Fallback
SVLTE Simultaneous Voice and LTE
OTT Over-The-Top
CTAS Common Telecom Application Server
T-ADS Terminating Access Domain Selection
EPC Evolved Packet Core
MO Mobile Originating
MT Mobile Terminating
IMS IP multimedia subsystem
SAE System Architecture Evolution
SMS Short Message
RCS Rich Communication Suite
EAB Enhanced Address Book
IM Instant Message
ICS IMS Centralized Service
SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
eSRVCC Enhanced Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
SCC AS Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server
HSS Home Subscriber Server

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page68
 Abbreviation
MME Mobility Management Entity
PS Packet Switched
ATCF Access Transfer Control Function
ATGW Access Transfer Gateway
ATU-STI Access Transfer Update - Session Transfer Identifier
mAGCF Mobile Access Gateway Control Function
AGCF Access Gateway Control Function
FMC Fix Mobile Convergence
CSCF Call Session Control function
S-CSCF Serving CSCF
P-CSCF Proxy CSCF
I-CSCF Interrogating CSCF
MRFC Multimedia Resource Function Controller
MFFP Multimedia Resource Function Processor
MGCF Media Gateway Control Function
AS Application Server
BGCF Breakout Gateway Control Function
NAB Network Address Book
CAB Convergent Address Book
EATF Emergency Access Transfer Function

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Thank you
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