SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY ANALYSIS

IN INDONESIA
Fillia Utami

Anastasya Monica Sinaga

Shahela Yosina

Keywords

Coastal ecosystems, marine protected areas, aquaculture, fisheries, integrated

ABSTRACT
The development of the fisheries sector can only be defined precisely by taking into account the needs of users of these
resources. How is the performance of the fisheries sector in the subsector fisheries and aquaculture, the Ministry of
Maritime Affairs and Fisheries policy, as well as its association with marine conservation areas. Are relation to the
economic paradigm of sustainable fishing, as well as the dominant factors affecting the fisheries sector policies. The
method I use in this paper is descriptive method of analysis. Analyzed policy analysis which consists of 8 stages of the
formulation of policy issues analysis, future forecasts, analysis of policy options, communication policy options, policy
advocacy, monitoring policy implementation, policy impact evaluation, and analysis of policy continuity. The data used
was obtained by the literature search and review of previous studies relating to fisheries development policies such as
the results of research, legislation and other literature that support the goals of this writing. The fisheries sector, both
aquaculture and fisheries, are very dependent on the preservation of coastal ecosystems, particularly coral reefs and
mangrove forests. At present, the condition of coastal ecosystems greatly decreased. One way to preserve coastal
ecosystems is done by setting a marine conservation area in the region that has a high biodiversity. Sustainable fisheries
development policy can not be done partially, must take into account the environmental, economic, and social
integration.
PRELIMINARY
An outline of the fisheries management policy formulated in Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries and Law No. 45
of 2009 on Amendment of Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries. Article 3 in Act No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries
formulate any fisheries management intended to, (1) reaches the utilization of fish resources, land fish
breeding, and the environment of fish resources optimally and (2) ensure the sustainability of fish resources ,
fish breeding lands, and layout. The attention to the environmental aspect is also reflected in the preamble to
weigh Law Number 45 Year 2009 regarding Amendment to Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries. However,

RESEARCH QUESTION
How is the performance of the fisheries sector in the subsector fisheries and aquaculture, the Ministry of
Maritime Affairs and Fisheries policy, as well as its association with marine conservation areas. Are relation to
the economic paradigm of sustainable fishing, as well as the dominant factors affecting the fisheries sector
policies.

METHODOLOGY
The method I use in this paper is descriptive method of analysis. This method is a method that is used to
describe or give a picture of the object under study, through the data that has been collected by analyzing and
making conclusions apply to the public.

DATA ANALYSIS
The data used was obtained by the literature search and review of previous studies relating to fisheries
development policies such as the results of research, legislation and other literature that support the goals of
this writing. Literature study done by studying books, journals, monographs, newspapers, websites and
documents relating to these issues.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Formulation of policy issues
The issue is a matter of policy challenges and opportunities that are about to be solved and or utilized
through policy action. The formulation of policy issues is one key to the success of the overall policy analysis
because it determines the degree of urgency of the need, the acceptability of the proposed policy options as
well as the efficiency and effectiveness of the implementation of the policies implemented.
Production of capture fisheries and aquaculture Indonesia is still below countries that do not have the
potential of fish resources and biodiversity of Indonesia. Indonesia's fishery production is under China,
Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Uganda and Cambodia. In 2008, fisheries production in Indonesia amounted to
323 150 tonnes, well below China, which reached 2,248,177 tons and also India, which reached 953 106
tonnes. While the potential of aquaculture Indonesia, still below China, India, and Vietnam. In 2008,
aquaculture production Indonesia reached1.690 million tons, far below China reached 32.736 million tons and
Vietnam, which reached 2,462 million tons (FAO, 2010). In addition, the aquaculture production in Wakatobi
decreased in 2010.
The low production of fisheries and aquaculture in global influenced by internal factors da external
factors, including the factor derived from human resources sought in the fisheries sector, such as lack of
control of fishing technology and fish cultivation and post-harvest activities, as well as fishing activities and
cultivation destructive fishing coastal ecosystems. While external factors influenced by the low support for the
policy, such as budgeting and information systems, and the increasing illegal activities,unreported and
unregulated fishing.

2. Forecast the future

Forecast the future is the stage of policy analysis process that is meant to condition the problematic
issues in the future so that it can be seen what will happen without policy action and, if done several policy
option scenarios. Results of the analysis of relevant journals see the potential of the reefs in the coastal areas
as well as the potential of mangrove forest as natural resource conservation area fisheries. It is intended to
improve fishery resources in Indonesia with the hope this policy can be sustainable and integrated with the
determination of other resource conservation policy.
A number of programs have been carried out by the Directorate General of Fishing to increase fishing capacity
through the provision of working capital in the form of boats and fishing gear in the top 30 GT in waters of
western Indonesia. However, the assistance was having some problems, such as not followed by the extension
service and the difficulty in obtaining capital inputs, such as fuel and cold storage. Fishermen also have
difficulties because of fishing gear is obtained not in accordance with the expectations of fishermen, and
fishermen do not have the ability to use. For aquaculture, the greatest potential for this type of development
held in the sea, ponds and rice fields. The potential development of aquaculture outweigh the development in
fisheries.
Results of the analysis indicated that aquaculture will surpass capture fisheries as the main source of
fish in Indonesia before 2030 and that investment in this sector will be an important part so that the supply
and consumption of fish in the country can be improved, so that fish prices remain affordable for domestic
consumers and contribute of fisheries to food security and nutrition Indonesia maintained. Projected business
as usual (business-asusual) indicated that aquaculture will grow to more than 10.1 tons per year, creating 8.9
million jobs is equivalent to work full-time in production and will be the sector with the production value of
USD 39.5 billion in 2030.
The growth of aquaculture is needed in order to meet food and nutrition security in the future but it is a
challenge in terms of managing environmental impacts. All models of the projected growth of aquaculture in
Indonesia showed an increased impact on the environment. In particular appear three challenges for the
environment around the land and habitat, feed for aquaculture sustainability and reducing the use of fresh
water where all of these challenges requires a significant investment and a change of approach which has
been used (Hall SJ et al, 2011).

3. Analysis of policy options

Policy options analysis stage is the stage to formulate and evaluate the feasibility of policy options to the
reality of the problem. The main policy fishery management needs to be applied is directed to maintain the
sustainability of existing businesses; whereas management strategies need to be applied is in the form of
implementation of the conservation areas and the setting or control of the use of fishing gear chart. In
practice, need to be implemented in stages according to the abilities, capacities and active community
participation.

4. Communication policy options

Communication is the delivery of the analysis of policy options to clients. The level of sophistication of
the analysis and presentation format analysis of policy options determine the effectiveness of communication.
Analysis of policy options let tailored to the client's knowledge of policy issues. The level of knowledge of the
client obviously varies according to the person. However, in general, clients have three characteristics in
common: (1) Want to play a role in policy formulation but do not want to be involved in the analysis; (2) They
are busy and face a tight schedule; and (3) Beware of proposals analyst (Simatupang 2017).
The principle of communication is to change behavior, the strategy is a means, method, plan or
pattern that is used in an attempt to convey the message to be followed by changes in behavior. Amanah
study (2007) on the development of coastal communities revealed that there is a real positive correlation
between communication competences possessed by the extension of the behavior of coastal communities to
manage coastal resources owned. In addition to the remoteness and communication competence,
communication strategies also affect the effectiveness of communication. Harris (Bessete & Rajasunderam,
1996) states that participatory development communication approaches need to be developed to developing
people at lower levels through non-formal education approach

5. policy advocacy
Policy advocacy is the stage to get the support of all parties concerned both in the internal
institutions, between departments, the public and the legislature. Policy advocacy is key to gaining legitimacy
bureaucratic, social and political order of a proposed package of measures can be implemented. In this regard,
policy analysis has the task of providing appropriate advocacy strategies to clients. Policy analysis can also play
an active role in the implementation of the advocacy process (Simatupang 2017).
Policy advocacy is essentially a process of balancing the needs and interests of both parties involved
in the public policy that the government and society. Because public policy is not enough to be seen from the
interest that the government but the need for community involvement by providing space to accommodate
the various interests in the community, so that the policies implemented be participatory because it does not
only come from one direction, namely the government, but also of Public.
One example is the solution of advocacy kebiajakan issued by the government to tackle poverty
fishing communities in coastal areas by issuing Mina Rural Enterprise Development program (PUMP). PUMP
policy was issued by the government through the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries with the legal
basis of Decision of the Director General of PT Number KEP.15 / DJPT / 2011. If the government let the
continuing poverty in fishing communities without providing solutions to empower or the other, then there is
the poor fishing communities entangled in the vicious circle

6. Monitoring Implementation of policies

 Monitoring is the policy of operational activities to observe the implementation of the policy package.
This activity aims to determine whether the policy package earnestly carried out in accordance with the design
constraints faced and proposals to overcome these obstacles. Monitoring the implementation of works to
address the issue of management in the implementation of the policy package (Simatupang 2017).
Alleviating poverty in coastal communities to be one of the main policies of the Ministry of Marine
and Fisheries. One of the strategies implemented by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in order to
implement the policy above is to optimize the National Community Empowerment Program (PNPM) Maritime
Affairs and Fisheries, which forms its operation is the Business Development Mina Rural (PUMP),
Empowerment of People's Salt (PUGAR) Resilient Coastal and Rural Development (PDPT). One of the real
efforts made by the CTF to implement policies and strategies mentioned above is an increase in the allocation
of BLM PNPM KP in 2012, which reached 89.33 percent (Rp 782.94 billion) (KKP 2012). The use of substantial
budget need to be evaluated and monitored; with a view to see how big an impact the benefits created from
the implementation of policies, strategies and attempts mentioned above. Thus, it will be known what factors
into their advantages and disadvantages, and can be used as material information that is essential for the
improvement of the program more accurately, effectively and efficiently (Suryawati et al 2013).

7. Policy Impact Evaluation

The impact evaluation is useful in order to improve the policy package so that more successful-
effective and empowered. In addition to improvement of the policy package, impact evaluation activities also
serve to create an accountability mechanism (accountability) (Simatupang 2017). The evaluation can be seen
from the policy of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries that encourage a shift of activity fisheries
sector into aquaculture, through a number of programs, both funded by foreign or from the state budget, with
the result sufficiently increased when seen from the number of fishermen from 2007 up to 2010 (CTF 2011). A
number of programs have been carried out by the Directorate General of Fishing to increase fishing capacity
through the provision of working capital in the form of boats and fishing gear in the top 30 GT in waters of
western Indonesia. But evaluation in the field, the assistance was having some problems, such as not followed
by the extension service and the difficulty in obtaining capital inputs, such as fuel and cold storage. Fishermen
also have difficulties because of fishing gear is obtained not in accordance with the expectations of fishermen,
and fishermen do not have the ability to use. The evaluation results Ticoalu et al. (2013) states of coastal
communities in the city of Manado, in particular groups of fishermen have received much help from the
coastal community development program; but the result is still much as expected, where coastal communities
are not able to get out of the vicious circle of poverty and unable to attempt independently. particular groups
of fishermen have received much help from the coastal community development program; but the result is
still much as expected, where coastal communities are not able to get out of the vicious circle of poverty and
unable to attempt independently. particular groups of fishermen have received much help from the coastal
community development program; but the result is still much as expected, where coastal communities are not
able to get out of the vicious circle of poverty and unable to attempt independently.
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Bodies set Savu Sea National Park which includes NTT
province, 10 districts and 178 villages with a total area of 3.5 million hectares as a step to realize the 20 million
hectares of marine protected areas. Type and extent of marine protected areas went well but
enforcementcomprehensive law on the establishment of marine protected areas is still very limited. So the
condition of coral reefs in Indonesia is still unfavorable category because there are many fishermen who use
trawling gear that can damage coral reefs. The evaluation results of Aristi and Abdul (2004) states that the
need for development aid venture capital for the provision of fishing gear such as trap net or a trap in which
the tool tangap a fishing gear environmentally friendly so that it can assist the parties Apparatus Water Police
and the Navy are limited. This is useful to avoid conflict among fishermen.

8. Continuation of Policy Analysis

Analysis of policy continuation is an analysis of whether a policy that has been implemented should
be continued or terminated only(Simatupang 2017). Judging from the Zoning of Coastal Areas and Small
Islands which is the mandate of Law Number 27 Year 2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small
Islands should be established to sustainability. Zoning is a referral resource utilization in coastal areas and
small islands provincial government and / or the district / city. So the business space fishermen and fish
farmers became clear. In some areas there has been a 16 regulations in Sulawesi, Kalimantan regulation 7, 10
regulations in Sumatra, and Java 2 regulations in the zoning plan coastal areas. The research result Darmawan
(2005) states that the fisheries resources is open access is a problem that must be addressed in which the
license application must be followed by law enforcement.
Policy Directorate General of Fisheries Cultivation needs to be held so as to facilitate the sustainability
of fish farmers to access seeds / seedlings and cold storage, As well as preparing the infrastructure, such as
electricity. Therefore, fishery processing system should be well prepared before the supply of fish is absorbed
into the industry. For those areas that have the potential for the development of fisheries, local governments
must set aside industrial development that could potentially disrupt ecosystems or require the industry has
the ability to prevent the dumping of waste directly into the water (Merino 2008).

Conclusions and Policy Recommendations

knot
Marine conservation areas specified in the effort to preserve the coral reefs and mangrove forests as a
migratory and fish rearing. The number of law enforcement officers and the availability of ancillary equipment
not able to cope with the extent of Indonesian waters, including rivers, lakes and open water. Zoning plan
coastal areas of provincial and district / city integrated in spatial plans of provincial and district / city. Extension
needs are different for each region in Indonesia, especially in the areas included in the strategic area of
fisheries. The Government has launched the National Fish Logistics System program so that the supply of fish
fishermen and fish farmers integrated with the needs of the national fishing industry.

Feedback Policy
The important thing for the development of marine protected areas is an element of law enforcement should
be done firmly. Need to do a policy for community participation in maintaining Indonesian waters from IUU
fishing to be done. For areas that have been designated as the area of fisheries in the document Masterplan
for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development should provide protection to
fishermen, fish farmers and the fishing industry, in the form set residential areas and place of capture or
breeding fish. implementing regulations through fisheries extension institutions should be adapted to the
needs on the ground. Fishery processing system should be well prepared before the supply of fish is absorbed
into the industry.

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