GOCAD® 2009.

1
Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0

User Guide
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Published June 22, 2009

GOCAD® 2009.1 User Guide

Part I Getting Started

Published June 22, 2009
Contents

Part I Getting Started

Chapter 1 Getting Started with GOCAD 2009 ........................................................... 1-1
1.1 Starting GOCAD 2009 and Setting Up a Project ............................................. 1-2
1.1.1 Starting an Epos Session with GOCAD .............................................. 1-2
1.1.2 Starting GOCAD 2009 (Standalone) .................................................. 1-4
1.1.3 Creating a Project ............................................................................ 1-5
1.1.4 Selecting an Existing Project ............................................................. 1-6
1.1.5 Choosing Modules for a Project ........................................................ 1-8
1.1.6 Setting Units for a GOCAD Project ...................................................1-12
1.1.7 Starting the GOCAD Viewer ............................................................1-13
1.2 GOCAD Window Quick Tour ........................................................................1-14
1.2.1 GOCAD Viewer Interface .................................................................1-15
1.2.2 GOCAD 2009 Interface ...................................................................1-17
1.3 Working in the Task Pane .............................................................................1-20
1.3.1 Tabs in the Task Pane.......................................................................1-20
1.3.2 Managing Tabs in the Task Pane.......................................................1-21
1.3.3 Opening a Second Task Pane ...........................................................1-22
1.4 Objects Tab (Object Tree)..............................................................................1-23
1.4.1 What Are Objects? ..........................................................................1-23
1.4.2 What Is in the Object Tree?..............................................................1-23
Favorites .........................................................................................1-24
Features .........................................................................................1-25
Objects ...........................................................................................1-26
Resources .......................................................................................1-27
1.4.3 Working in the Object Tree ..............................................................1-30
1.5 Attribute Manager (Attributes Tab) ...............................................................1-32

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1.6 Toolbars and Docking Areas in the GOCAD Window..................................... 1-34

1.6.1 Manipulating Toolbars .................................................................... 1-34
1.6.2 Main Toolbar .................................................................................. 1-35
1.6.3 Camera View Toolbar ..................................................................... 1-36
1.6.4 Camera Snapshot and Options Toolbar ............................................ 1-38
1.6.5 Digitization/Editing Toolbar ............................................................. 1-40
1.6.6 Camera Tools and Coordinates Toolbars .......................................... 1-40
1.6.7 Slicer Toolbar ................................................................................. 1-42
1.6.8 Attribute Toolbars .......................................................................... 1-43
1.6.9 Application Toolbar ........................................................................ 1-44
1.7 Carrying Out Commands............................................................................. 1-45
1.7.1 Accepting Default Selections........................................................... 1-45
1.7.2 Entering Information from the Keyboard ......................................... 1-45
1.7.3 Leaving Values Undefined ............................................................... 1-46
1.7.4 When to Use OK, Apply, or Cancel .................................................. 1-46
1.7.5 Undoing and Redoing Commands ................................................... 1-47
1.7.6 Selecting Commands for Modeling Activities on the Menu Bar ......... 1-47
1.8 Setting Preferences ..................................................................................... 1-48
1.8.1 Setting General Preferences ............................................................ 1-49
1.8.2 Setting Appearance Preferences ...................................................... 1-53
1.8.3 Setting Advanced Preferences ......................................................... 1-55
1.8.4 Setting Multiple-Processing Preferences ........................................... 1-58
1.8.5 Restoring Preset Preferences ........................................................... 1-58
1.9 Managing Views and Customizing the GOCAD Window ............................... 1-59
1.10 Compatibility with Other Paradigm Products ................................................ 1-60
1.11 Quitting the Program .................................................................................. 1-65

Chapter 2 Working with Projects .............................................................................. 2-1

2.1 What Is in a Project? ..................................................................................... 2-2
2.2 Checking the Units in an Existing Project........................................................ 2-3
2.3 Saving a Project ............................................................................................ 2-4
2.4 Sharing Projects ............................................................................................ 2-6
2.5 Deleting a Lock File to Save a Project ............................................................. 2-8
2.6 Closing a Project ........................................................................................... 2-9
2.7 Opening Another Project ............................................................................. 2-10

Chapter 3 Managing Objects..................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Which Objects Are Geometric Objects? .......................................................... 3-2
3.2 Selecting Objects When Carrying Out Commands .......................................... 3-4
3.3 Naming Objects ............................................................................................ 3-7
3.4 Importing Objects from Projects.................................................................... 3-8
3.5 About Importing Objects from External Sources............................................ 3-13

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3.6 Loading an Object from a Data File...............................................................3-14
3.7 Saving Objects as Files .................................................................................3-15
3.8 Saving Selected Objects as a New Project ......................................................3-17
3.9 Renaming, Copying, and Deleting Objects ....................................................3-18
3.10 Searching for Objects...................................................................................3-20
3.11 Searching for Wells ......................................................................................3-29
3.11.1 Performing the Well Search and Filtering the Results.........................3-31
3.11.2 Adding, Removing, and Reordering Columns....................................3-32
3.11.3 Using a Text Search to Find Wells .....................................................3-33
3.11.4 Finding and Replacing Text in Well Information.................................3-33
3.11.5 Performing a Custom AutoFilter Search ............................................3-33
Finding Wells According to Text Matching ........................................3-34
Finding Wells According to Depth Values .........................................3-35
Finding or Excluding Wells with Specific Markers ..............................3-36
Finding Wells According to Marker Status ........................................3-37
Finding Wells According to the Marker Modification Date .................3-38
Finding Wells Inside or Outside Polygons ..........................................3-39
3.11.6 Working with the Results and Saving the Search Criteria ...................3-40
3.12 Organizing Objects in Your Favorites List.......................................................3-42
3.13 About Exporting Objects ..............................................................................3-43

Chapter 4 Sharing Data with Epos Applications ....................................................... 4-1

4.1 What Is Epos Link? ....................................................................................... 4-2
4.2 Importing Data from Epos Applications .......................................................... 4-3
4.2.1 Importing Picks, Grids, and T-Surfaces from Epos .............................. 4-3
4.2.2 Importing and Reloading Well Data from Epos................................... 4-4
Importing Well Data ..........................................................................4-5
Getting Information about Imported Wells .........................................4-6
Reloading Wells from Epos ................................................................4-6
Importing a Well Log from Epos .........................................................4-6
4.2.3 Importing Seismic Data from Epos....................................................4-11
4.2.4 Importing a Traverse from Epos ........................................................4-12
4.2.5 Importing Well Markers from Epos ...................................................4-13
4.3 Exporting Data for Use in Epos Applications ..................................................4-16
4.3.1 Exporting a Curve as a Polyline to Epos ............................................4-16
4.3.2 Exporting Well Markers to Epos .......................................................4-17
4.3.3 Exporting a Cross Section as a Traverse to Epos ................................4-18
4.3.4 Exporting a Surface as a T-Surface to Epos........................................4-19
4.3.5 Exporting a 2D Grid as a Grid or Pick to Epos ...................................4-20

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Chapter 5 Workflow Basics ....................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Tour of the Workflow Interface ...................................................................... 5-2
5.2 Managing Workflow Studies ......................................................................... 5-5
5.3 Navigating in Workflows ............................................................................... 5-9
5.3.1 Navigating with Buttons ................................................................... 5-9
5.3.2 Navigating by Using the Navigation Pane........................................... 5-9
5.4 User Levels for Workflows ........................................................................... 5-13
5.5 Docking and Undocking a Workflow and Controlling Expandable Areas ........ 5-14
5.6 Reports Generated from Workflow Activity .................................................. 5-16
5.7 Workflow Data Comparison ........................................................................ 5-18
5.8 Adding a Note to an Item............................................................................ 5-20

Appendix A Keyboard Shortcuts and Digitization ...................................................... A-1

A.1 Keyboard Shortcuts ....................................................................................... A-2
A.2 Interpretation Modeling Shortcuts ................................................................. A-3
A.3 Using Selected Interpretation Modeling Shortcuts........................................... A-5
A.4 Digitizing...................................................................................................... A-6

Index .................................................................................................. Index-1

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 1
Getting Started with
GOCAD 2009

In this chapter • "Starting GOCAD 2009 and Setting • "Toolbars and Docking Areas in the
Up a Project," page 1-2 GOCAD Window," page 1-34
• "GOCAD Window Quick Tour," • "Carrying Out Commands,"
page 1-14 page 1-45
• "Working in the Task Pane," • "Setting Preferences," page 1-48
page 1-20
• "Managing Views and Customizing
• "Objects Tab (Object Tree)," the GOCAD Window," page 1-59
page 1-23
• "Compatibility with Other Paradigm
• "Attribute Manager (Attributes Tab)," Products," page 1-60
page 1-32
• "Quitting the Program," page 1-65

Overview These topics introduce some key concepts to help you get started in Paradigm™
GOCAD® 2009, such as how to start and quit the program, load GOCAD modules,
navigate in the interface, display and examine modeling objects, carry out commands,
create and save objects and files, and customize GOCAD. You will also find information
about the compatibility of versions, projects, modules, and objects between GOCAD and
Paradigm™ SKUA ® 2009.1 and other Paradigm products.

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1.1 Starting GOCAD 2009 and Setting Up a

Project
When you start GOCAD 2009, you first specify a new or existing project in which to save
your work. A GOCAD project includes both files and a folder that contain the data for
your models and interpretations. For more information about projects, see "What Is in a
Project?" on page 2-2.
After you specify the project, you can choose which modules to load with the project.
For more information about starting GOCAD and opening a project, see:
• "Starting an Epos Session with GOCAD," page 1-2
• "Starting GOCAD 2009 (Standalone)," page 1-4
• "Creating a Project," page 1-5
• "Selecting an Existing Project," page 1-6
• "Choosing Modules for a Project," page 1-8
• "Setting Units for a GOCAD Project," page 1-12
• "Starting the GOCAD Viewer," page 1-13

1.1.1 Starting an Epos Session with GOCAD

Starting with GOCAD 2009.1, if you are using GOCAD in a Linux environment and you
have access to Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0, you can open GOCAD from an
Epos session and quickly share data between GOCAD and other Epos applications.
You can start GOCAD by first starting the Paradigm Product Manager, selecting the
Standard or Advanced Interpretation product bundle, and then starting the Paradigm
Session Manager. From the session manager, you can open GOCAD.

To start an Epos 1 Start the Paradigm Product Manager by typing the following at a command prompt,
session and open where InstallationPath is the Epos installation path:
GOCAD InstallationPath/PPM
Tip Directory, file, and command names are case sensitive. Type them exactly as they appear.

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2 In the Paradigm Product Manager, click the Interpretation Bundles tab, click the
Standard or Advanced icon, and then click Start Session to start the Paradigm
Session Manager.

The Paradigm Session Manager shows the products that are available with the
bundles that you selected.

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3 Click the GOCAD icon.

If a project is already open in the active session, GOCAD automatically starts
Otherwise, the Open Project window opens for you to select an Epos project.

4 In the Open Project window, select an Epos project, and then click Open. (For
information about filtering and selecting data in this window, click Help at the
bottom of the window.)
When you start GOCAD, you need to specify the GOCAD project that you want to use to
share data with the Epos project. The Open Existing or New Project dialog box opens
for you to create or select a GOCAD project. For information, see "Creating a Project" on
page 1-5 or "Selecting an Existing Project" on page 1-6.
Afterward, GOCAD automatically loads the surveys and well databases that belong to the
Epos project into shared memory.
For more information about working with GOCAD projects, see Chapter 2, "Working
with Projects."
After you open or create a project, you can quickly share data with other Epos
applications by "sending" objects from view to view and by importing and exporting
objects to the Epos repository. For more information, see Chapter 4, "Sharing Data with
Epos Applications."

1.1.2 Starting GOCAD 2009 (Standalone)

Start GOCAD 2009 in one of the following ways, depending on your operating system:

To start GOCAD 2009 ♦ Double-click the program shortcut on the Windows desktop,
for Windows Paradigm GOCAD 2009.1.
– or –
On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to All Programs, point to
Paradigm, point to GOCAD 2009.1, and then click Paradigm GOCAD 2009.1.

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2009.1 is the version designation. If you have a different version, the designation for
your version appears in its place.
Note If you have the 64-bit version, your shortcuts have the "64-bits" designation.

After a moment, a dialog box opens for you to create or select a project. For information,
see "Creating a Project" on page 1-5 or "Selecting an Existing Project" on page 1-6.

To start GOCAD 2009 Depending on the needs of the users in your company, you or your administrator may
for Linux develop a startup script. For information about the preferred methods to start
GOCAD 2009, see your administrator, or use one of the following methods.

♦ At a command prompt, type Gocad and then press ENTER.

Note To use this method, you or your administrator must specify the path name for
GOCAD 2009.1 in the PATH environment variable. For more information, see the
GOCAD 2009.1 Installation Guide.

– or –
Tip In Linux, directory, file, At a command prompt, type:
and command names are InstallationPath/PDGM/GOCAD-SKUA-2009.1/bin/Gocad, and then press ENTER.
case sensitive. Type them
exactly as they appear. GOCAD-SKUA-2009.1 is the version designation. For other versions, substitute the
designation for your version.
With either method, after a moment, a dialog box opens for you to create or select a
project. For information, see "Creating a Project" on page 1-5 or "Selecting an Existing
Project" on page 1-6.

1.1.3 Creating a Project

In GOCAD, you can create a project during the startup process. When you start GOCAD, a
dialog box opens in which you can specify a new project.

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For related information and alternative methods, see:

• "Starting GOCAD 2009 (Standalone)" on page 1-4.
• "To create a project without restarting GOCAD" on page 2-10.
• "Selecting an Existing Project" on page 1-6.

To open GOCAD with 1 Click New Project.

a new project
2 Find and open a folder, type a name in the File name box, and then click Save.
GOCAD saves the files for the new project in the location that you specified and opens a
dialog box for you to select the modules that you want to load with this project. For
information, see "Choosing Modules for a Project" on page 1-8.

1.1.4 Selecting an Existing Project

You can open projects in several ways. For information, see:
• "To select a recent project," page 1-6
• "To browse for a project," page 1-7
• "To start GOCAD from a project file," page 1-7
Caution If you open a project that is already open in another session, the project
becomes read-only in both sessions. For information about saving the project, see
"Sharing Projects" on page 2-6.
For information about the compatibility of GOCAD projects, including version 2.0 and
earlier projects, see "Compatibility with Other Paradigm Products" on page 1-60.

To select a recent When you start GOCAD, you will see a prompt to open a project or start a new project
project and to indicate if you want to choose modules to load with the project:

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If you recently saved any GOCAD or SKUA projects, your eight most recent projects will
appear in the list under Open a project. GOCAD stores a separate list of recent projects
for each user on each computer.

♦ Under Open a project, double-click a file name.

– or –
If the project that you want is not in the list, type the path and file name, including
the file name extension, .gprj (or .sprj for a SKUA project), next to More Projects,
and then click OK.
Notes
• If you enter an invalid path or file name, OK becomes unavailable.
• If you want to choose modules to load with the project, select the Change modules
before opening project check box. For more information, see "Choosing Modules for a
Project" on page 1-8.
The splash screen appears while the modules load with the project.

To browse for When you start GOCAD, you will see the Open Existing or New Project dialog box.
a project
1 Click More projects, find and select the project file ending with .gprj (or .sprj for a
SKUA project), and then click Open.
Note To open a GOCAD version 2.0.8 project, find and open the project folder,
ProjectName.prj, select the "project" or "PROJECT" file, and then click Open.

Important For information about opening SKUA projects, see "Compatibility with
Other Paradigm Products" on page 1-60.
2 To choose which modules to load with the project, select the Change modules
before opening project check box.
3 Click OK.
If you selected the option to change modules or you are opening a version 2.0.8 project,
the Project Module Selector opens for you to select modules (see "Choosing Modules
for a Project" on page 1-8).
The splash screen appears while the project and modules load.

To start GOCAD from If you want to start GOCAD from a ProjectName .gprj file, do the following:
a project file
Tip You may not be able to ♦ For Windows, use a file management program (such as Windows Explorer) to find the
complete these steps if the
program is already open. If
project, and then double-click the ProjectName .gprj file.
you encounter an error from – or –
the license manager, close
the program and try again. For Linux, at a command prompt, type one of the following:
• PDGM/GOCAD-SKUA-2009.1/bin/GOCAD/ path/ProjectName.prj
• PDGM/GOCAD-SKUA-2009.1/bin/GOCAD/ path/ProjectName.gprj
Note 2009.1 is the version designation. If you have a different version, substitute
your version designation in its place.
A splash screen appears as the modules load with the project and GOCAD opens a in new
session.

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1.1.5 Choosing Modules for a Project

Tip There is more than one When you start GOCAD and specify a new project, the Project Module Selector opens
way to start GOCAD. For (Figure 1–1). Modules are plug-in products that provide specialized functionality for work
information, see "Starting in specific disciplines. You can choose modules based on the types of modeling, analysis,
GOCAD 2009 (Standalone)"
and planning that you want to do. You can specify which modules to load each time you
on page 1-4.
open a specific project.
GOCAD saves the list of modules with the project and loads them automatically each time
that you open the project. You will not see the module selector again unless you select
the option to change modules when you open a project or you open a version 2.0.8
project.
Important For information about opening a version 2.0.8 project and compatibility
between SKUA and GOCAD modules, see "Compatibility with Other Paradigm Products"
on page 1-60.
In the module selector, if you select a module that requires other modules to operate
properly, GOCAD automatically selects the required modules. Likewise, clearing the check
box for a module also clears the selection of any modules that depend on it. For example,
because all modules require the 3D Viewer, clearing this check box also clears all other
selections.

Figure 1–1 Project

Module Selector

For more information, see:

• "GOCAD modules," page 1-9
• "To select modules for a project," page 1-11
• "To change modules for a project," page 1-12

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GOCAD modules When you start a project, in the Project Module Selector, you can choose to load specific
functionality by selecting modules. Modules are grouped by discipline on the tabs.

Geoscience module Description

3D Viewer Import and visually examine 3D data and models. 3D Viewer is one of the
base modules that is necessary to run all other modules. For more
information, see "Getting Started in the 3D Viewer" on page 2-2.
Foundation Modeling Perform foundation modeling and editing, calculate properties, create
and Editing histograms and crossplots, and use multiple viewers. Foundation Modeling
and Editing is one of the base modules that is necessary to run all other
modules. For more information, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling.
Map, Cross Section and View and work with 2D maps, cross sections, and well logs. Map, Cross
Log Display Section and Log Display is one of the base modules that is necessary to run
many other modules. For more information, see Part III: Visualization ,
Chapter 1, "Getting Started with Maps, Cross Sections, and Log Displays."
Structural Framework Construct fault networks; build horizon surfaces, including surfaces with
Builder. multiple z-values; edit fault and horizon contacts; and check the quality of
your work. Structural Framework Builder is one of the base modules that is
necessary to run many other modules. For more information, see Part VIII: 3D
Grid Building , Chapter 1, "Building a Structural Framework."

Interpretation module Description

Advanced Structural Construct 3D geologic models from digital elevation maps, analogues,
Analysis (Kine3D-1) and layers that are compatible with flexural slip deformation and perform
strain and fault offset analysis. For more information, see Part VII:
Geologic Interpretation, Chapter 1, "What Is Kine3D?."
2D Restoration (Kine3D-2) Restore multiple maps by using several methods including flexural slip and
simple shear and calculate strain vectors. For more information, see
Part VII: Geologic Interpretation, Chapter 1, "What Is Kine3D?."
3D Restoration (Kine3D-3) Restore 3D volumes under geometrical and geomechanical constraints
and estimate stress ellipsoids. For more information, see Part VII: Geologic
Interpretation, Chapter 1, "What Is Kine3D?."
Interpretation Modeling Visualize and examine seismic volumes; perform seismic interpretation of
horizons and faults. For more information, see Part V: Seismic
Interpretation Modeling, "What Is the Interpretation Modeling Module?"
on page 1-3.
Seismic Attribute Analysis Compute seismic attributes and create seismic facies classifications. For
more information, see Part V: Seismic Interpretation Modeling , "What Is
the Seismic Attribute Analysis Module?" on page 1-7.
Velocity Modeling and Time Create, edit, and convert 3D velocity grids, calibrate well data to seismic
Depth Conversion data by interactively manipulating the time-depth function ,and create
synthetics. For more information, see Part VI: Velocity Modeling, starting
with Chapter 1, "Constructing 3D Models."
Rock Volume Uncertainty Perform uncertainty assessment on rock volumes. For more information,
Assessment (Alea ®) see Part V: Seismic Interpretation Modeling , "What Is the Rock Volume
Uncertainty Assessment Module?" on page 1-9.
Stratigraphic Modeling and Fine-tune fault and horizon contacts and build isochores. For more
Fault Analysis information, see Part VIII: 3D Grid Building , Chapter 2, "Analyzing and
Refining the Structural Model."
Well Correlation and Interpret logs and facies; perform well-to-well correlation; and create and
Stratigraphic Analysis edit well picks. For more information, see Part VII: Geologic Interpretation,
Chapter 2, "Interpreting and Correlating Well Data."

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Reservoir Modeling module Description

3D Reservoir Grid Builder Build 3D reservoir models and perform basic rescaling of grids and
properties. For more information, see Part VIII: 3D Grid Building ,
Chapter 3, "Building a 3D Reservoir Grid."
Reservoir Data Analysis Interpolate or simulate geostatistical properties and compute
volumetrics. For more information, see Part IX: Reservoir Modeling ,
Chapter 1, "Introduction to Reservoir Data Analysis."
Reservoir Properties Geostatistically interpolate or simulate reservoir properties. For more
information, see Part IX: Reservoir Modeling , Chapter 2, "Modeling
Reservoir Properties."
Object Modeling Simulate facies, channels, levees, and lobes or any generic object. For
more information, see Part IX: Reservoir Modeling , Chapter 3,
"Modeling Generic Object Properties."
Reservoir Risk Assessment Create probability volumes and maps (such as average net-to-gross
(Jacta ®) maps), and estimate hydrocarbon volume uncertainty and perform
sensitivity analysis. For more information, see Part IX: Reservoir
Modeling , Chapter 4, "Assessing Reservoir Risk with Jacta."
HP Reservoir Risk Assessment Run Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta) realizations on a cluster of
(Jacta Cluster) Linux machines for faster throughput. For more information, see the
High-Performance Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta Cluster)
Configuration Guide.
Finite Element Mesh Contsructor Create conforming mesh from a 3D model or a set of surfaces,
resulting in a tetrahedrized solid that you can use in processes that
require finite element mesh, such as 3D structural restoration with
the 3D Restoration (Kine3D-3) module .

Reservoir Production module Description

LGR and Upscaler Rescale reservoir grids and properties with advanced methods,
perform flow-based upscaling for permeability, and construct and
visualize LGRs. For more information, see Part X: Reservoir Production
and Simulation , "What Is LGR and Upscaler?" on page 1-3.
Fracture Modeling (FracMV) Construct and upscale discrete fracture models. For more
information, see Part X: Reservoir Production and Simulation , "What
Is Fracture Modeling (FracMV)?" on page 1-9.
Production Data Loader Load production data and time-dependent grid properties.
Production Data Analysis Link production uncertainty to geologic uncertainty, plot production
data and time-dependent grid properties. For more information, see
Part X: Reservoir Production and Simulation , "What Is Production
Data Analysis?" on page 1-14.
Reservoir Simulation Interface Generate flow simulation input files, launch flow simulations. For
more information, see Part X: Reservoir Production and Simulation,
"What Is Reservoir Simulation Interface?" on page 1-11.
Production Risk Assessment Rapidly evaluate the uncertainty in production or recovery factors
3DSL Connection resulting from uncertainty in your geologic models by linking
Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta) with the commercial streamline-
based flow simulator 3DSL. For more information, see Part X:
Reservoir Production and Simulation , Chapter 1, "Introduction to
Reservoir Production."
Production Risk Assessment Rapidly evaluate the uncertainty in production or recovery factors
FrontSim Connection resulting from uncertainty in your geologic models by linking
Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta) with the commercial streamline-
based flow simulator FrontSim. For more information, see Part X:
Reservoir Production and Simulation , Chapter 1, "Introduction to
Reservoir Production."

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Drilling module Description
Basic Well Planning Plan and edit drilling targets, plan and optimize well paths for stand-
alone wells and drilling platforms, and model drilling costs. For more
information, see Part XI: Drilling Planner, "What Is Basic Well Planning?"
on page 1-2.
Side Track and Collision Risk Compute well path uncertainty and collision risk, and plan and optimize
sidetrack wells. For more information, see Part XI: Drilling Planner , "What
Is Side Track and Collision Risk?" on page 1-3.

System module Description

Epos Link In a Linux environment, you can share wells and well data, section objects,
horizon and fault interpretations, grids, and seismic data with other Epos™
applications. For more information, see "What Is Epos Link?" on page 4-2.
Remote Collaboration Share two or more GOCAD modeling sessions.
OpenSpirit Client Use OpenSpirit to exchange objects such as seismic data, horizons, faults, and
wells. For more information, see "What Is OpenSpirit Client?" on page 1-2.

For more information about specific modules, see the Help for those modules.

To select modules for 1 In the Project Module Selector (Figure 1–1 on page 1-8), do one of the following:
a project
• To select all modules for which you have a license, click Select All near the
bottom of the dialog box.
• To select a predefined set of modules, in the Module suites pane, double-click
one of these icons:
Tip If you want to select Gocad. Includes the 3D Viewer, Foundation Modeling and Editing, Structural
only the modules in the Framework Builder, Velocity Modeling and Time Depth Conversion, Stratigraphic
suite, clear the selection of
Modeling and Fault Analysis, and the 3D Reservoir Grid Builder.
any additional modules first,
by clicking Clear All. Risk Assessment. Consists of the base modules and prerequisites for risk
assessment of rock volumes, oil in place, and production, including:
• Rock Volume Uncertainty Assessment
• Reservoir Properties
• Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta)
• Production Data Loader
• Production Risk Assessment 3DSL Connection
• To manually select modules, click each tab, and then select the check boxes for
the modules that you want to load.
For information about modules, see "GOCAD modules" on page 1-9.
Caution Only those modules for which you have a license will be available to you. If
you open a project that requires modules for which the licenses are not available,
those modules will not load nor will any of the objects and data that require those
modules. The project will open as read-only. If you want to save the project without
the missing objects, you can save it with a new name.
2 When you finish selecting modules, click OK.
A splash screen appears as the selected modules load with the project and the
GOCAD window opens. If this is a new project, GOCAD also opens a dialog box for you
select units for the project. For information, see "Setting Units for a GOCAD Project" on
page 1-12.
Note Once you save the project, GOCAD saves the list of modules that you load with the project.
Each time you open the project, these modules load automatically.

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To change modules 1 Start or restart GOCAD 2009. (See "Starting GOCAD 2009 (Standalone)" on
for a project page 1-4.)
2 In the Open Existing or New Project dialog box, select the project (see "Selecting
an Existing Project" on page 1-6), select the Change modules before opening
project check box, and then click OK .
3 In the Project Module Selector, add or remove modules as necessary. (See "To select
modules for a project" on page 1-11.)

1.1.6 Setting Units for a GOCAD Project

When you create a project (or open a GOCAD version 2.0.8 project), you need to define
the units of measure and the orientation for time and depth. Once you save the project,
you will not need to specify the units again because GOCAD saves your selections in the
project.
After you open a project, you can check the units at any time. (See "Checking the Units in
an Existing Project" on page 2-3.)

To set the units for a When you start GOCAD and specify a new project (or open a GOCAD version 2.0.8
project project), the Initialize Project Units dialog box opens.

1 Optionally, type the name of a geodetic projection in the Projection name box.
GOCAD stores this information with the project for use in later versions by OpenSpirit
or other modules to transform latitude and longitude into xy-coordinates.
Otherwise, if you leave Default in the box, GOCAD does not store a projection name
with the project.
2 Select from the options for Area units, Depth unit, Time unit, Depth axis positive
values, and Preferred z-axis.
3 Click OK.
GOCAD sets the units and axis orientations for the project and saves them with the
project.
Note When you open a GOCAD version 2.0.8 project, GOCAD converts the coordinates to a local
coordinate system for better numerical precision. This may take a few moments to convert the
coordinates for all of the modeling objects in the project.

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1.1.7 Starting the GOCAD Viewer
In the GOCAD Viewer, you can examine your existing GOCAD projects and modeling
objects. You can open projects; load, import, and display objects and models; and
manipulate the view.
Start GOCAD Viewer as follows, depending on your operating system:

To start GOCAD ♦ On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to All Programs, point to
Viewer for Windows Paradigm, point to GOCAD 2009.1, and then click Paradigm GOCAD
Viewer 2009.1.
2009.1 is the version designation. If you have a different version, the designation for
your version appears in place of 2009.1.
Note If you have the 64-bit version, your shortcuts have the "64-bits" designation.

In a few moments, a dialog box opens for you to select a project. For information, see
"Selecting an Existing Project" on page 1-6.

To start the GOCAD ♦ At a command prompt, type Gocad-Viewer, and then press ENTER.
Viewer for Linux
Note To use this method, you or your administrator must specify the path name of
GOCAD 2009.1 in the PATH environment variable. For more information, see the
GOCAD 2009.1 Installation Guide.

– or –
At a command prompt, type:
InstallationPath/PDGM/GOCAD-SKUA-2009.1/bin/Gocad-Viewer, and then press
ENTER.
GOCAD-SKUA-2009.1 is the version designation. If you have a different version,
substitute the designation for your version.
With either method, in a moment a dialog box opens for you to select a project. For
information, see "Selecting an Existing Project" on page 1-6.

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1.2 GOCAD Window Quick Tour

Depending on the product that you open, you will see the GOCAD window with either
the tools and commands that are available with GOCAD 2009 or the simplified tools of
the GOCAD Viewer. When you open the GOCAD Viewer, you have access to viewing
commands, such as those for displaying objects and manipulating the view. When you
open GOCAD 2009, you can access the basic commands and the additional functionality
associated with any modules that you load.
These topics introduce the two interfaces and describe the features of each:
• "GOCAD Viewer Interface," page 1-15
• "GOCAD 2009 Interface," page 1-17

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1.2.1 GOCAD Viewer Interface
When you open a project in the GOCAD Viewer, you will see the GOCAD window.

z1

z 2

zz
3 4

z6
z 5

z7

z 1 Menu bar. The menu bar contains commands for managing files and loading and
importing objects. From the GOCAD icon on the left of the menu bar, you can
also access commands to restore, minimize, and close the GOCAD window.
For many of the commands on the File menu, you can find information in this
chapter and in Chapter 2, "Working with Projects," Chapter 3, "Managing
Objects," and in Part II: Data Import and Export, Chapter 1, "Importing Data."

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z
2 Top toolbar area. This area contains the Main toolbar and can contain other
toolbars that are initially hidden. For information about the Main toolbar and
other toolbars, see "Toolbars and Docking Areas in the GOCAD Window" on
page 1-34.

z
3 Task Pane. This pane contains the Object Tree, which consists of an expandable
list of items in four categories: Favorites, Features, Objects, and Resources. You
perform operations from this area such as organizing and grouping your objects,
displaying your 3D model or individual objects in your project, and analyzing
properties. For more information, see "Objects Tab (Object Tree)" on page 1-23.

z
4 3D Viewer. This is the area in which you can visually examine your objects and
models. For more information about this area, see Part III: Visualization, "Getting
Started in the 3D Viewer" on page 2-2.

z
5 Right toolbar area. This area contains the Camera Tools, Camera View,
Camera Snapshot and Options, and Slicer toolbars. With the tools on these
toolbars you can manipulate the view and carry out commands in the 3D Viewer
and other views. For information about these and other toolbars, see "Toolbars
and Docking Areas in the GOCAD Window" on page 1-34.

z
6 Bottom toolbar area. This area contains the Attribute and Coordinates
toolbars. When you first start GOCAD Viewer, the Attribute toolbars display
"Nothing Selected" until you select an object. Then, the toolbars show the
attributes specific to the selected object. You can use the Coordinates toolbar to
track the coordinates of the pointer in the active view.
For more information about these and other toolbars, see "Toolbars and Docking
Areas in the GOCAD Window" on page 1-34.

z
7 Status bar. This area displays information about carrying out commands, such as
when the sequence of selecting objects is important.

Note For information about how to change elements in the interface, see:
• "Manipulating Toolbars," page 1-34
• "Setting Preferences," page 1-48
• "Managing Views and Customizing the GOCAD Window," page 1-59

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1.2.2 GOCAD 2009 Interface
When you open a project in GOCAD 2009, you will see the GOCAD window.

z
1
zz1 2

z z
3 4

z
6
z 5
z7

z 1 Menu bar. You can access commands for managing files and windows, editing
objects, modeling and analyzing properties, and getting help and information
about GOCAD.
Initially, there are seven menus on the menu bar. However, the Commands menu
is really several menus in one. On this menu, you can select an object type or
modeling activity. When you do this, additional menus are added to the menu

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bar. Each new menu contains commands that relate to the selected object or
activity. For information about the commands on these menus, see Part IV:
Foundation Modeling.
Note For many of the commands on the File and Edit menus, you can find information in:
• Part I: Getting Started, "Setting Preferences" on page 1-48, Chapter 2, "Working
with Projects," and Chapter 3, "Managing Objects."
• Part II: Data Import and Export , Chapter 1, "Importing Data," and Chapter 2,
"Exporting Data."

z2 Top docking area. In the toolbar area, you can also dock additional toolbars and
access a shortcut menu to show and hide toolbars and open and close some of
the windows in GOCAD. Initially, this area contains the Main, Applications, and
Digitization/Editing toolbars.
For more information about these and other toolbars, see "Toolbars and Docking
Areas in the GOCAD Window" on page 1-34.

z3 Task Pane. When you start GOCAD, this area contains the Workflows, Objects,
and Attributes tabs, and a fourth tab initially displays "No Workflow Study"—
later, the tab can show a name that you supply for your work in one of the
GOCAD workflows.
From the Task Pane, you can access all of your modeling objects and many
commands for visualization, modeling, and property and data analysis. This is
also where you will do most of your modeling work. The Task Pane can contain
more or fewer tabs depending on the functionality that you choose to show.
For more information about the items in the Task Pane and the functionality that
you can access from the tabs, see "Working in the Task Pane" on page 1-20.

z4 3D Viewer. When you start GOCAD, the view you see in this area is the
3D Viewer, which is where you can visually examine and work with 3D objects
and models. Later, if you create 2D views such as maps, cross section views, or
log display views, these windows also open in this area.
Tip You can cycle through For more information about these views, see Part III: Visualization :
all of the open windows by
pressing CTRL+TAB as • "Getting Started in the 3D Viewer" on page 2-2
necessary. • "Getting Started with Maps, Cross Sections, and Log Displays," page 1-1

z5 Right toolbar area. This area contains the Camera Tools, Camera View,
Camera Snapshot and Options, and Slicer toolbars. With these tools, you can
manipulate the view and carry out commands in the 3D Viewer and other views.
For information about these and other toolbars, see "Toolbars and Docking Areas
in the GOCAD Window" on page 1-34.

z6 Bottom toolbar area. This area contains the Attribute and Coordinates
toolbars. When you first start GOCAD, the Attribute toolbars display "Nothing
Selected" until you select an object. Then, these toolbars show the attribute tools
that are specific to the selected object. You can use the Coordinates toolbar to
track the coordinates of the pointer in the view.
For information about these and other toolbars, see "Toolbars and Docking Areas
in the GOCAD Window" on page 1-34.

z7 Status bar. This area displays information about carrying out commands—such
as when the sequence of selecting objects is important—and contains the
progress indicator, which illustrates the status of active commands.

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z 8 Hidden items (not shown). Another toolbar and additional areas are hidden
when you first start GOCAD, including the Information pane, Command
Terminal, and the 3D View Controller.
For information about these items, see "Tabs in the Task Pane" on page 1-20 and
"Managing Views and Customizing the GOCAD Window" on page 1-59.
Note For information about how to change elements in the interface, see:

• "Manipulating Toolbars" on page 1-34

• "Setting Preferences" on page 1-48
• "Managing Views and Customizing the GOCAD Window" on page 1-59

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1.3 Working in the Task Pane

From the Task Pane, you have easy access to most of the functionality of GOCAD 2009.
Initially, the Task Pane contains four tabs. However, you can show more or fewer tabs
depending on what you want to do. By switching between the tabs, you can quickly
access commands to manipulate your models and data in many different ways. You can
also open a second Task Pane to show multiple tabs at the same time.
For more information, see:
• "Tabs in the Task Pane," page 1-20
• "Managing Tabs in the Task Pane" on page 1-21
• "Opening a Second Task Pane," page 1-22

1.3.1 Tabs in the Task Pane

You can move the tabs out of the Task Pane to view them as floating windows and move
them back into the Task Pane to neatly organize your window. Some of the items that
you can dock and undock from the Task Pane include:
• Workflows tab. This is the active tab when you start GOCAD. From this tab, you can
access the workflows that are available with the modules that you load, and you can
manage your workflow studies. For more information, see Chapter 5, "Workflow
Basics."
• No Workflow Study tab (becomes the active workflow study). This tab initially
displays the text "No Workflow Study" until you start a workflow from the
Workflows tab or you use the command on the Main toolbar, Create Workflow
Study . Then, the tab displays the name of your active workflow study. On this
tab, you can work in the workflows that are available with the modules that you load.
For more information about workflows and managing workflow studies, see
Chapter 5, "Workflow Basics."
• Objects tab (Object Tree). This is where you perform most modeling operations.
The Object Tree is an expandable list that includes these categories: Favorites,
Features, Objects, and Resources. You can organize, group, edit, and analyze the
properties of your objects within these categories. For information about working in
the Object Tree, see "Objects Tab (Object Tree)" on page 1-23.
• Attributes tab (Attribute Manager). The Attribute Manager is a panel with several
options for editing the attributes of objects. For each type of object, there are several
categories of attributes. The Attribute Manager shows a different set of options for
each type of object and each category of attributes. For information about object
attributes, see "Attribute Manager (Attributes Tab)" on page 1-32 and "Attribute
Toolbars" on page 1-43.
• 3D Viewer Controller tab (3D View Controller). The 3D View Controller is not
initially shown in the Task Pane when you start GOCAD. You can show it by selecting
it on the View menu, and then you can dock it in the Task Pane. In the 3D View
Controller, you can change the view in the 3D Viewer with controlled, incremental
movements and search for and select objects to display in the 3D Viewer.
In addition to these tabs, you can also dock the Search for Objects and Search for
Wells windows, the Information pane, and other windows in the Task Pane.

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1.3.2 Managing Tabs in the Task Pane
You can drag tabs out of the Task Pane to arrange your window any way you want, and
you can drag them back to the Task Pane to dock them again. You can also reorder the
tabs and quickly cycle through the open tabs.
For information about how to manipulate tabs, see:
• "To reorder tabs in the Task Pane," page 1-21
• "To see hidden tabs in the Task Pane," page 1-21
• "To add a tab or dock a floating window in the Task Pane," page 1-21
• "To remove or undock a tab from the Task Pane," page 1-22

To reorder tabs in the ♦ Drag a tab to the right or left within the tab area at the top of the Task Pane.
Task Pane

To see hidden tabs in ♦ Click the right or left arrow button at the top of the Task Pane.
the Task Pane

To add a tab or dock a If you undocked a tab or opened the 3D Viewer Controller, and you want to move the
floating window in window into the Task Pane, do the following:
the Task Pane
♦ Drag the title bar of the window over the Task Pane.

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Moving the pointer all the way into the area at the top of the Task Pane ensures that the
tab snaps into place.
The window docks as a tab in the Task Pane. You can undock it at any time by dragging
it back out.

To remove or undock ♦ Drag the tab out of the Task Pane.

a tab from the
Task Pane The tab becomes a stand-alone window that you can move anywhere you want. At any
time, you can close the window or drag it back into the Task Pane to dock it. You can
also close and open the undocked windows from the View menu or from the shortcut
menu in the toolbar area.
For information about arranging items in the window, see "Managing Views and
Customizing the GOCAD Window" on page 1-59.

1.3.3 Opening a Second Task Pane

To open another ♦ Drag a tab out of the Task Pane, and then drag a second tab onto it.
Task Pane

The two tabs dock together as a second Task Pane that you can move anywhere you
want or dock in one of the docking areas.

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1.4 Objects Tab (Object Tree)
The Objects tab displays the Object Tree, an expandable list of the modeling objects,
views, and data in your project categorized by several object and data types. In the
Object Tree, you can create objects, edit the attributes of objects, display objects in the
3D Viewer, access commands for objects from shortcut menus, perform drag-and-drop
editing operations, search for objects, organize and group objects in your Favorites list,
provide information to describe the geologic features in your data, and create and work
with resource objects.
For more information about objects and the Object Tree, see:
• "What Are Objects?" on page 1-23
• "What Is in the Object Tree?," page 1-23
• "Working in the Object Tree," page 1-30

1.4.1 What Are Objects?

In GOCAD 2009, objects are a fundamental part of modeling. You can use objects in
various ways to model the geologic features of reservoirs. You can consider objects as one
of three types depending on how you use them:
Geometric objects. These are objects that you can use to represent a reservoir in 3D, and
you can display them as shapes in the 3D Viewer. GOCAD includes several types of 3D
modeling objects that you can use to construct your models. Geometric objects appear in
the Object Tree under the Objects category. For more information, see "Objects" on
page 1-26 and "Managing Objects" on page 3-1.
2D views. These are specific views (maps, cross section views, and log display views) that
you can create to examine aspects of your reservoir model in two dimensions. In
GOCAD 2009, you can create and work with 2D views from the Object Tree (Objects
category) in the same way that you manage geometric objects. For more information
about 2D views, see Part III: Visualization, "Introduction to Map, Cross Section, and
Log Display" on page 1-2.
Resource objects. These are data objects that you can use as tools to model, classify,
analyze, and check the quality of your geometric objects. For example, color maps,
classifications, dynamic regions, statistical distributions, stratigraphic columns, and
variogram models are all resources. Resource objects appear in the Object Tree under the
Resources category. For more information about resource objects, see "Resources" on
page 1-27 and Part IV: Foundation Modeling, Chapter 10, "Creating and Working with
Resources."

1.4.2 What Is in the Object Tree?

The Object Tree lists all of the modeling objects and data in your project in four
categories: Favorites, Features, Objects, and Resources.
For information about these categories, see:
• "Favorites," page 1-24
• "Features," page 1-25
• "Objects," page 1-26
• "Resources," page 1-27

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Favorites
In the Favorites list, you can group and organize the objects in your model for easy access.
To organize your objects, you can add folders with your own descriptive names and then
add objects to the folders. You can create an unlimited number of subfolders to group
your objects.

The objects also remain in the Objects category when you add them to your Favorites.
Adding an object to the Favorites list does not increase the size of your project because
this action adds only a link to the object, not an additional copy of the object. After you
save, each time you reopen a project you can access your Favorites list.
From the Favorites list, you can select and edit objects, display objects in the 3D Viewer,
and access graphic attributes for the objects just as you would from the Objects category.
In addition, you can select objects from your Favorites list with the Object Selector,
which you can access from the Digitization/Editing toolbar and many dialog boxes by
clicking More Options and then clicking Object Selector.

For more information about the Favorites list, see "Organizing Objects in Your Favorites
List" on page 3-42.

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Features
In the Features list, you can specify information about the geologic nature of the objects
in your project. You can think of features as the glue that holds your modeling objects
together. Features help you to easily identify which objects in your project represent a
particular geologic feature.

In GOCAD, many commands and tasks require the information that you define in the
Features list. Such tasks include building stratigraphic columns, structural models, and
3D reservoir grids. It is often better to define features and assign objects to them first.
When you load or import objects into your project, GOCAD can automatically define
features for you if your data files include this information. Otherwise, you can manually
define features. For example, you can drag a geometric object into the Features list to
assign the object to a feature.
You can easily show or hide a feature in the 3D Viewer by selecting or clearing the check
box next to the name of the feature. You can also show or hide features in this way from
the Objects tab in a 2D view, such as cross section view or log display view.
For more information about how GOCAD uses features and how you can define them, see
Part IV: Foundation Modeling, Chapter 8, "Defining and Working with Geologic
Features."

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Objects
The Objects list displays the geometric objects and 2D views in your project categorized
by object type. For information about the basic object types, see "Which Objects Are
Geometric Objects?" on page 3-2.
Double-clicking an object category expands the list of objects of that type, right-clicking
an object category displays a shortcut menu with options for creating objects, and right-
clicking an object opens a shortcut menu with commands for editing the object.
By dragging an object, you can display the object in the active view, add it to your
Favorites list or a feature, or create or edit objects depending on where you drag the
object.
For information about these operations, see "Working in the Object Tree" on page 1-30.

Note In a 2D view, such as a cross section view or log display view, the Objects tab lists the objects
that you can display in the view. When you are working in a 2D view, use the Objects tab to
manage the display of objects.

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Resources
The Resources list contains objects that you use in the modeling process to classify,
analyze, and check the quality of your geometric objects.

In this list, you have quick access to creating, editing, and deleting resource objects.
For information about the resource object categories, see:
• "Classifications," page 1-27
• "Colormaps," page 1-28
• "Data Analysis," page 1-28
• "Dynamic Regions," page 1-28
• "Fluid Contacts," page 1-28
• "Global Marker Sets," page 1-29
• "Production," page 1-29
• "Property Types," page 1-29
• "Stratigraphic Columns," page 1-29
• "Unit Preferences," page 1-29

Classifications With Classifications, you can differentiate facies—such as those with different
compositions (for example, sand, shale, carbonate, and so on)—for easy identification.
Right-clicking Classifications in the Object Tree provides access to define and edit facies.
You can then assign a unique number, name, pattern, and color to each facies. For more
information about Classifications, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "Defining Facies with
the Facies Calculator" on page 11-34.
Tip Classifications are useful in reservoir property modeling for facies simulations.

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Colormaps With color maps, you can change the appearance of properties. Double-clicking
Colormaps in the Object Tree expands a list of the predefined color maps. You can edit
the existing maps or load your own.
For more information about color maps, see Part III: Visualization, "Working with Color
Maps to Change the Appearance of Property Data" on page 2-5.

Data Analysis You can use the Data Analysis objects as input data for modeling facies or petrophysical
properties with the Reservoir Properties workflow. These include models for histograms,
1D vertical trends, and variograms.
• Distributions. You can create probability distributions for use in reservoir property
modeling. Right-clicking Distributions in the Object Tree provides access to the
Distribution Manager in which you can create, edit, and delete distributions. You can
display multiple distributions on the same graph or show them in separate windows.
You can also tile or cascade distributions to show an array of functions. You have the
ability to enlarge a portion of a graph or translate it using the mouse. When you edit
distributions, you can choose to show distributions as cumulative or probability
functions.
• Trends 1D. By using Trends 1D objects, you can determine how properties vary
vertically throughout the reservoir. The Reservoir Data Analysis Workflow calculates
and models Trends 1D objects. You can also save and load Trends 1D objects into your
projects.
• VPC. You can calculate a vertical proportion curve (VPC) for discrete properties.
VPCs show how facies vary vertically throughout the reservoir. The workflow
calculates the proportion of each facies at each stratigraphic layer.
• VTC. You can calculate a vertical trend curve (VTC) for continuous properties.
VTCs can show how a petrophysical property, such as porosity, varies vertically
throughout the reservoir. The workflow calculates the arithmetic average of the
property at each stratigraphic layer.
For more information about vertical proportion and trend curves, see Part IX:
Reservoir Modeling, Chapter 1, "Analyzing Reservoir Data for Property Modeling."
• Variogram Models. With variograms, you can use functions to represent the
difference in property values as a function of distance. Clicking Show Spatial Data
Analysis on the Application toolbar opens the Variogram Analyzer in which
you can calculate and model variograms.

Dynamic Regions You can use dynamic regions to categorize the points or cells of one or more objects as a
region. Dynamic regions created with filtering only store the conditions that define the
region, allowing you to update the region dynamically when you add or edit data. By
using these regions, you can improve the efficiency of memory usage because you do not
need to update your regions every time that you edit a property. Right-clicking Dynamic
Regions in the Object Tree provides access to the Filters Editor in which you can create
and edit filters. You can apply a filter by dragging it to the object in the Objects list or by
adding objects in the Filters Editor.

Fluid Contacts You can specify fluid contact values for each "compartment" of a reservoir grid—that is,
the space formed by the intersection of a reservoir unit and a fault block. According to
the fluids present in each compartment you can define single or multiple contact values
(for example, oil-water contacts and/or gas-oil contacts).

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Applying a fluid contact resource to a grid with the appropriate fault blocks and unit
information results in the creation of two properties, one for the contact values in each
compartment and another for the fluid indices (0 for water, 1 for oil, and 2 for gas). You
can then, for example, use these as controlling properties when you populate the grid
with water saturation by using a property script.

Global Marker Sets You can use a global marker set to define and manipulate a group of markers in your
project. You can also define multiple global marker sets. However, only one marker set
can be active at a time. For example, only the markers in the active marker set are
available for selection and display in the 3D Viewer.
For more information, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "Creating and Editing Well
Markers and Marker Sets" on page 7-14.

Production This category includes templates that you can use in the Production Data Analysis
Workflow and tables that you can use in the Reservoir Simulation Interface Workflow.
• Production Data Analysis. Standard templates are available for loading flow
simulation results, productions, and grid properties and making production plots. You
can also save templates that you create for your projects. For more information, see
Part X: Reservoir Production and Simulation, Chapter 5, "Analyzing Production
Data."
• Tables. You can enter information in production tables (such as pressure, volume,
temperature tables; saturation function tables; and equilibrium tables) that are
required as input for flow simulators. You can also access the vertical flow potential
(VFP) tables that you can use in the Reservoir Simulation Interface Workflow. For more
information, see Part X: Reservoir Production and Simulation , Chapter 4, "Creating a
Reservoir Simulation Run."

Property Types With Property Types, you can define the nature of property data, such as porosity,
saturation, geometry, velocity, and so on. This information is maintained with each
project. For more information, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "Creating an Object
Property" on page 11-3.

Stratigraphic Stratigraphic Columns define the sequence (relative depth or age) of strata deposited in a
Columns geologic area. You can also use stratigraphic columns to model concordances, erosions
(such as truncations and toplaps), and baselaps (such as onlaps and downlaps). You can
associate the stratigraphic units defined in a stratigraphic column with wells in your
project. Right-clicking Stratigraphic Columns in the Object Tree provides access to
interactive editors for defining stratigraphic units and applying them to wells. For more
information about stratigraphic columns, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling , "Building and
Working with Stratigraphic Columns" on page 10-15.

Unit Preferences When you create a project, GOCAD defines the units of measurement for the project and
stores them in unit preference templates. By right-clicking the name of a template under
Unit Preferences, you can access commands for checking the units set for the project,
changing the units GOCAD uses to display your data, and creating and managing unit
preference templates. For more information about unit preferences, see Part IV:
Foundation Modeling, "Changing Unit Preferences" on page 10-46.

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1.4.3 Working in the Object Tree

The following are some quick steps to get you started working in the Object Tree:
• "To show or hide an object," page 1-30
• "Editing objects by dragging," page 1-30
• "Accessing commands," page 1-31
• "To access the attributes for an object," page 1-31

To show or hide The Object Tree lists each object by name in the Objects list. Objects that you can display
an object in the 3D Viewer appear with a check box to the left of the name.

♦ Select or clear the check box next to the name of the object you want to show or
hide.
– or –
Drag the name of an object or objects into the 3D Viewer to show them.
Notes
• When you display an object, it may not become visible immediately. It may be outside the

viewing area of the active viewer. On the Camera View toolbar, click Global View to
resize the view to include all displayed objects.
• How an object appears and what elements of the object are visible depend on the graphic
attributes set for the object. For information about the Attribute toolbar, see"Attribute
Toolbars" on page 1-43. For more information about graphic attributes, see
"Attribute Manager (Attributes Tab)," page 1-32.

Editing objects by In the Object Tree, you can edit objects by using drag-and-drop operations. Examples
dragging include:
• Using an existing PointsSet object to set the control points for a Surface object by
dragging the point set to the surface.
• Cutting or painting a Voxet object with a Surface object by dragging the surface to
the voxet.
• Cutting a Surface object with another Surface object by dragging one surface to the
other.
• Adding objects to a Group by dragging one or more objects to the Group.
Most dragging operations open a shortcut menu on which you select an option to
complete or confirm the operation—for example, when you drag one surface to another,
the resulting options are Cut By and Cut And.

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Accessing commands Many commands can be accessed from the Object Tree from shortcut menus. For
example, right-clicking an object or data type opens a shortcut menu with options for
creating or importing a new object or data of that type.

Whereas, right-clicking an individual object opens a shortcut menu with options for
editing the selected object. Shortcut menus are specific to the type of object or data
selected.

To access the To quickly access the attributes for an object, do the following:
attributes for an
object ♦ Click the name of an object in the Object Tree.
The Attribute toolbar (near the bottom of the GOCAD window) shows some of the most
common attributes for the selected object.
Note Selecting another object in the Object Tree changes the focus of the Attribute toolbar to
show attributes for the new object.

Figure 1–2 Attribute

toolbar for a curve
For information about object attributes, see "Attribute Manager (Attributes Tab)" on
page 1-32, and for more information about this toolbar, see "Attribute Toolbars" on
page 1-43.

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1.5 Attribute Manager (Attributes Tab)

By using the Attribute Manager, you can edit the graphic attributes of the objects in your
project. When you view an object in the 3D Viewer, for example, its visible elements and
overall appearance depend on the graphic attributes that you set for the object.
Modifying object attributes can help you to perform quality checking (such as examining
gridding, properties, or texture) and to obtain detailed information about an object.
The Attribute Manager is interactive. There are several categories of attributes, and the
object type determines the categories available and the specific attributes within each
category.
From the Attribute Manager (on the Attributes tab in the Task Pane), you can access the
full set of attributes for an object. From the Attribute toolbar, you can quickly access
several common attributes for an object. For information about the Attribute toolbar, see
"Attribute Toolbars" on page 1-43.
You can also access the attributes for an object directly from the object in the Object Tree
or the 3D Viewer. This method opens an Attributes dialog box for the object, which
contains most of the same information as the Attribute Manager. Figure 1–3 shows an
example of the Attribute Manager and the Attributes dialog box.

Figure 1–3 Texture attributes for a Surface object

Attribute Manager (Attributes tab) in the Task Pane

Attributes dialog box

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To access object ♦ To access the attributes for an object, do any of the following:
attributes
• In the Task Pane, click the Attributes tab, and then enter the name of one or
more objects in the Object box.
Note If you select more than one object, they must be of the same type.

Tip In the Object Tree, you • In the Object Tree, right-click the name of an object, and then click Attributes.
can also right-click an object The attributes for the object open as an undocked dialog box.
in your Favorites list.
• In the 3D Viewer, hold down CTRL and right-click an object, and then click
Attributes. The attributes for the object open as an undocked dialog box.
Tip You can sort the
attribute categories in the
Attributes dialog box, by
right-clicking in the left
pane, and then clicking Sort
A to Z.

To change object 1 Show the object in the 3D Viewer and open the attributes for the object. (See "To
attributes access object attributes" on page 1-33.)
2 Select the attribute category that you want to edit in the Category box at the top of
the Attribute Manager, or in the left pane in the Attributes dialog box.
Tip You can change the 3 In the Attribute Manager (not the dialog box), if you want to buffer your changes and
attributes for all of the then apply them all at once, select the Buffered Changes check box, and then,
objects in a Group object if when you finish setting attributes in the selected category, click Apply Changes.
the objects are all of the
same type. Otherwise, if you clear the Buffered Changes check box, your changes apply
immediately in the 3D Viewer.
Note Applying changes immediately is available in the Attribute Manager (see Figure 1–3), not
from the Attributes dialog box. Changes that you make in the dialog box are not applied until
you click OK or Apply.

4 Set attributes for the selected object or objects.

For more information about the attributes for an object, see the Help for the selected
object by clicking Help in the Attributes dialog box.

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1.6 Toolbars and Docking Areas in the

GOCAD Window
For an overview of the toolbars available in the GOCAD window and the windows that
you can open, close, and dock in the docking areas, see:
• "Manipulating Toolbars," page 1-34
• "Main Toolbar," page 1-35
• "Camera View Toolbar," page 1-36
• "Camera Snapshot and Options Toolbar," page 1-38
• "Digitization/Editing Toolbar," page 1-40
• "Camera Tools and Coordinates Toolbars," page 1-40
• "Slicer Toolbar," page 1-42
• "Attribute Toolbars," page 1-43
• "Application Toolbar," page 1-44

1.6.1 Manipulating Toolbars

Toolbars that appear in one of the docking areas at the top, left, right, or bottom of the
window are docked toolbars. Otherwise, toolbars that are outside of these areas are
floating toolbars.
For information about how to manipulate toolbars, see:
• "To see the name of a toolbar," page 1-34
• "To show or hide a toolbar," page 1-35
• "To move a toolbar," page 1-35
• "Restoring toolbars to the preset locations," page 1-35

To see the name of a ♦ Rest the pointer over the handle of the toolbar.
toolbar

The pointer changes to the move symbol , and in a moment, the ToolTip appears,
showing the name of the toolbar.

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To show or hide a ♦ Right-click anywhere in a toolbar area (a shortcut menu opens), and then click the
toolbar name of the toolbar you want to show or hide.

To move a toolbar ♦ Drag the handle to a new location.

When you move the pointer over the handle, the pointer changes to the move symbol
.

Note If you drag a toolbar to the top, left, right, or bottom of the GOCAD window, the
toolbar "snaps" into place in the docking area.

Restoring toolbars to You can restore the preset locations of toolbars by clearing the Save position setting in
the preset locations your user preferences before you quit and reopen GOCAD. For more information, see "To
restore the original locations of toolbars and dockable windows" on page 1-54.

1.6.2 Main Toolbar

When you start GOCAD for the first time, the Main toolbar appears near the top of the
window. Afterward, you can hide, show, or move the toolbar anywhere you want. For
information about how to do this, see, "Manipulating Toolbars" on page 1-34.

With this toolbar, you can select and run scripts and perform many common commands
for projects, objects, and workflows:

Open Project. Opens a dialog box in which you select a project to open in the
active session. For more information, see "To open another project without
restarting GOCAD" on page 2-11.

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Load Objects. Opens a dialog box in which you select objects to load into the
active project. For more information, see "To load an object from a data file" on
page 3-14.

Save Project. Saves the project using the same file name and path you specified
when you created or last saved the project. For more information, see "To save a
project with the same name and path" on page 2-4.
Delete Objects. Opens a dialog box in which you specify one or more objects to
delete. For more information, see "To delete an object" on page 3-19.
Tip You can also quickly delete an object by selecting it in the Object Tree and then
pressing SHIFT+DELETE.
Run Script. Opens a dialog box in which you find and select a script file to run in
the active session.

Search for Objects. Opens a dialog box in which you can search for objects,
properties, and regions in your project. For more information about how to
search, see "Searching for Objects" on page 3-20.

Search for Wells. Opens a dialog box in which you can search for Well objects in
your project. For more information, see "Searching for Wells" on page 3-29.

Undo. Undoes the last command that you carried out. You can also set a limit for
the number of operations to undo. For more information, see "To customize
undo and redo functionality" on page 1-56.

Redo. Reverses the last undo that you performed.

The last four commands on the right end of this toolbar are tools for workflows.

For information about these tools, see "Toolbar commands for workflows" on page 5-4.

1.6.3 Camera View Toolbar

When you start GOCAD the first time, the Camera View toolbar appears on the
right near the top of the window. You can then hide, show, or move it if you
want—see "Manipulating Toolbars" on page 1-34.
With this toolbar you can manipulate the view in the 3D Viewer.

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Global View. Resets the view to a show all the objects you have selected to
show in the 3D Viewer. For example, if you show an object that is outside the
viewing area, clicking Global View resizes the view to include the object you
added to the 3D Viewer and any other visible objects.
Tip The Global View is useful when your objects are far away from each other or
significantly different in size. You can also quickly reset the view by pressing F10.

Zoom Area. Changes the pointer to a , so that you can drag a box and
magnify the view in that area.
Note If you customized your pointers in Windows or Linux, you may not see the same
pointers described in the documentation. In the 3D Viewer, these are the default pointers:

• Default pointer in the 3D Viewer (Viewer Movements):

• Precise pointer (Pick):
• Move pointer:
• Link Select pointer (Rotate Slicer):

Pick Center Point. Changes the pointer to a , so that you can select a point
on an object in the 3D Viewer. The view in the 3D Viewer recenters on this point.
Note The center point is used when zooming and rotating the view in the 3D Viewer, and
the point you select remains the center point even if you hide the object you selected.

Tip You can also quickly initiate this command by pressing F9.

Save Home View. Saves the current view settings in the 3D Viewer, including
the setting for parallel or perspective view, the viewing properties, and the
z-scale factor as the Home View.

Home View. Resets the view in the 3D Viewer to the view saved as the Home
View.

Show Top View. Resets the view to top or "map view," viewing the x-y plane
from the positive z-axis.
Note This is the same view as View from Top on the Change View menu.

Change View. Clicking opens a menu for you to select a view:

• View from Top. Resets the view to top or "map view," viewing the
x-y plane from the positive z-axis.

• View from Bottom. Resets the view to bottom, viewing the x-y
plane from the negative z-axis.

• View from North. Resets the view to north, viewing the xz-plane
from the positive y-axis.

• View from South. Resets the view to south, viewing the xz-plane
from the negative y-axis.

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• View from East. Resets the view to east, viewing the yz-plane from
the positive x-axis.

• View from West. Resets the view to west, viewing the yz-plane from
the negative x-axis.

• Save View As. Opens a dialog box in which you specify a name to save as a
custom view. The new custom view you save includes the current view
settings in the 3D Viewer, including the setting for parallel or perspective
view, the viewing properties, and the z-scale factor.

• Delete View. Opens a dialog box in which you select the saved view you
want to delete.

1.6.4 Camera Snapshot and Options Toolbar

The Camera Snapshot and Options toolbar appears on the right side of the
window when you start GOCAD for the first time. You can then hide, show, or
move it if you want (see "Manipulating Toolbars" on page 1-34).
With this toolbar you can manipulate the view in the 3D Viewer.

Save Snapshot As. Opens a dialog box in which you can specify how to save a
screen capture of the view in one of the active viewers. You can specify from
which viewer to take the snapshot, the file name and path, the image format,
and the image size to save in the file.

Copy Camera Contents to Clipboard.

Orientation Symbol. Displays, by default, a compass rose showing the north,

south, east, and west directions in the active viewer. You can also change the
orientation symbol to show the x-, y-, and z-unit vectors or a single arrow
pointing toward North.

Colormap. Displays the current colormap in the 3D Viewer.

Orientation Planes. Displays the xy-, yz-, and xz-planes surrounding all the
objects displayed in the 3D Viewer. The planes intersecting the x-axis are shown
in red, those intersecting the y-axis are in green, and those intersecting the z-axis
are in blue. Displaying these planes helps you determine the position of objects in
your model relative to the x-, y-, and z-directions.

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Background Color. Opens a color palette on which you click a color to set as the
background color for the 3D Viewer. The default color is black.
Tip When you print an image, you can conserve printing ink by setting the background
color to white.

Perspective/Parallel View. Switches the viewing perspective between parallel

and perspective view:

• Perspective View . The default view, simulates depth and relative

distance by converging parallel lines at a distant point and showing similar
objects as different sizes.

• Parallel View . Displays objects isometrically, without distortions of

angle, length, width, or volume, and parallel lines appear parallel even from
a distance.
Note You should switch to Parallel View to compare the dimensions of objects that
are far away from each other.

Stereo. Switches the view between non-stereo view (default view), and stereo
view, which increases the realism of 3D scenes.
In stereo view the 3D Viewer displays two versions of the objects, one for the left
eye and one for the right. To see the effect properly, you need a pair of 3D
glasses or special viewing hardware that lets each eye see only one view. When
viewed correctly, objects appear to have depth, especially with respect to each
other. You can change the distance separating the two views to simulate
increased or decreased space between the viewer and the objects.

Z-Scale. Expands a list from which you select a scaling factor. The value you enter
scales all dimensions in the z-direction. With z-scaling, you can exaggerate the
size in the z-dimension for geologic objects that typically have very small
thickness or depth. The default scaling ratio for the x-, y-, and z-dimensions is
1:1:1.

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1.6.5 Digitization/Editing Toolbar

When you first start GOCAD, the Digitization/Editing toolbars appear near the top of
the window. You can hide, show, or move these toolbars anywhere you want. For more
information, see "Manipulating Toolbars" on page 1-34.

Digitization/Editing toolbar, showing the default command for all object types

With the Digitization/Editing toolbar you can select an object to digitize or edit. You
can create and edit objects by using tools that are specific to each type of object. This
toolbar is really several toolbars in one because the tools change with the type of object
selected. For example, the default toolbar, contains only one tool that is common to all
object types, Reshape Nodes ; whereas the toolbar for Curve objects contains
several tools.

Digitization/Editing toolbar for Curve objects

Digitize/Edit Object Type. In this box, you select the type of

object you want to digitize or edit. When you select an object
type, the commands available on the Digitization/Editing toolbar
change to show only those applicable to the selected object type.
Selecting All makes commands common to all objects available.

Current Object to Edit or Digitize. In this box, you can type the
name of a new object to digitize, or you can select an object from
the list to edit. The list displays only objects of the type selected in
the Digitize/Edit Object Type box. When you select an object,
the commands available on the Digitization/Editing toolbar
apply only to the selected object.

1.6.6 Camera Tools and Coordinates Toolbars

When you start GOCAD for the first time, the Camera Tools toolbar appears on the right
and the Coordinates toolbar appears near the bottom of the window. However, you can
move, show, or hide these toolbars at any time—for more information, see "Manipulating
Toolbars" on page 1-34.

Camera Tools toolbar

Coordinates toolbar

These two toolbars work together when you use the Get XYZ Coordinates tool to
track the location of the pointer in the 3D Viewer; as you move the pointer, the
Coordinates toolbar displays the coordinates.

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On the Coordinates toolbar:

3D Pointer. Turns on pointer tracking for use in conjunction with tracking tools
in a 2D view of a map or cross section.
When tracking is enabled in both the 3D Viewer and the 2D view, visual guides
appear in the 3D Viewer representing the x-, y-, and z-axes as dashed lines with
the origin at the location of the pointer. When you synchronize the pointer
between the views in this way, you can visually track the location in the
3D Viewer as you move and manipulate objects in the 2D view. For more
information, see Part III: Visualization, "Synchronizing the Pointer Between the
3D Viewer, 2D Views, and Epos Applications" on page 1-13.
Note You can also use this tool to visually track the pointer in the 3D Viewer when you

use it with the Get XYZ Coordinate tool on the Camera Tools toolbar.

With the Camera Tools toolbar you can manipulate the view and work with objects in
the 3D Viewer. When you finish using one of the tools on this toolbar, you can right-click
to switch to the pointer (standard pointer in the 3D Viewer), or click another tool on
the toolbar.

Get XYZ Coordinates. Turns on pointer tracking and changes the pointer to a ,
so that you can click an object in the 3D Viewer to see the coordinates of the
selected point of the object in the Information pane. You can track the location of
the pointer in the 3D Viewer by watching the coordinates change on the
Coordinates toolbar as you move the pointer. You can also check the units of
measurement and convert units for properties in the Information pane. For more
information, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "To convert units of measurement
in the Information pane," page 10-56.

Camera Movements. Changes the pointer to a , the default pointer in the

3D Viewer, so that you can drag the pointer in the 3D Viewer to change the view
by rotating, panning, or zooming. For information about how to change the view
with these movements, see Part III: Visualization , "To rotate the view in the
3D Viewer" on page 2-2, "To pan the view in the 3D Viewer" on page 2-2, and "To
zoom the view in the 3D Viewer" on page 2-2.

Tip You can switch to the default pointer ( ) at any time by right-clicking in the
3D Viewer.

Get 3D and 2D Distances. Changes the pointer to a , so that you can drag a
line in the 3D Viewer to find out the distance between two points. The
Information pane expands to display the coordinates and distance calculation in
both 2D and 3D. For more information, see Part III: Visualization, "To measure
distances" on page 1-29.

Tip While you carry out commands with the pointer, you can still rotate the view by
holding down SHIFT and dragging in the 3D Viewer.

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1.6.7 Slicer Toolbar

With the tools on the Slicer toolbar, you can examine cross sections of your objects by
"slicing" the objects.

Tip While you are working with the slicer tools, you can switch to the pointer at any time by
right-clicking in the 3D Viewer.

Slicer. Turns the slicer on or off, and, when on, displays the outline of a box around
the objects displayed in the 3D Viewer. The slicer limits the view in the 3D Viewer
to the volume of the slicer box.

Edit Slicer. Changes the pointer to a , so that you can:

• Resize the slicer box by dragging the sides of the box to increase or decrease
the size.
• Translate the slicer box by dragging with the middle mouse button to move the
box along one of the axes.
You can drag from a point inside or outside the limits of the box. From the point
you select, GOCAD selects the nearest side to that point. The selected side turns
yellow, and an axis appears as a guide to help you visualize the direction in which
you can resize or translate the box. After you release the selected side, the
Edit Slicer tool is still in effect, and you can resize another side or move the box to
a new position.

Rotate Slicer. Changes the pointer to a , so that you can drag one of the edges
of the slicer box to change the orientation of the box. The Slicer highlights the side
you select and displays an axis through the center of the box to help you visualize
the direction in which you can rotate the box.

Reset Slicer. Redraws the Slicer box to fit the size of all of the objects displayed in
the 3D Viewer.

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1.6.8 Attribute Toolbars
When you start GOCAD for the first time, the Attribute toolbar appears near the bottom
of the window. However, you can hide, show, or move it at any time. For more
information, see "Manipulating Toolbars" on page 1-34.

Attribute toolbar with no object selected

Before you select an object in your project, the Attribute toolbar displays "Nothing
Selected." When you select an object in the Object Tree, the buttons and commands on
the Attribute toolbar are specific to the type of object selected. For example, if you select
a PointsSet object, the toolbar shows only the attributes that apply to point sets and,
specifically, those that apply to the selected point set.

Attribute toolbar for a PointsSet object

Tip You can also quickly With the Attribute toolbar, you can turn on and off the display of attributes in the
access the Attribute toolbar 3D Viewer, such as the bounding box, name, parts, and nodes for an object. You can also
for an object by double-
change the color that displays in the 3D Viewer for many object attributes. The color strip
clicking the object in the
3D Viewer. across the bottom of many attribute buttons (for example, the Name attribute)
indicates the active color setting for that attribute.
Note If you have more than one 3D Viewer open and you change the display of an attribute for an
object, the display of that attribute changes in all views.

Attribute commands that are common to most object types include:

Attributes. Opens the Attributes dialog box for the selected object. The
commands and options in this dialog are the same as those in the
Attribute Manager. For more information, see "Attribute Manager (Attributes
Tab)," page 1-32.

Bounding Box. Displays the outline of a box in the viewer surrounding the
selected object. The box indicates the extents of the object. The color strip across
the bottom of the button indicates the color of the box.

Name. Displays the name of the selected object in the viewer. The color strip
across the bottom of the button indicates the color of the text.

To change the color ♦ On the Attribute toolbar, next to the attribute for which you want to change the
for an object
attribute color, click to open the color palette, and then click the color you want. The color
of the object attribute changes in the 3D Viewer to show the color you selected.

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1.6.9 Application Toolbar

When you start GOCAD for the first time, the Application toolbar appears near the right
of the window. You can hide, show, or move it at any time—for more information, see
"Manipulating Toolbars" on page 1-34.

Note You may see additional buttons on this toolbar depending on the modules you have loaded
for your project.

With this toolbar, you can open the Property Statistics, Variogram Analyzer,
Multivariate Statistics 2D, and Multivariate Statistics 3D windows in which you can
display and analyze the statistics of properties in your project.

Show Histogram. Opens the Property Statistics window in which you can select
an object and a property and create a histogram for the property. For more
information about histograms, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "Histogram" on
page 11-37.

Show Crossplot. Opens the Multivariate Statistics 2D window in which you

can select an object and create a cross plot with two object properties. For more
information about crossplots, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "Crossplot 2D"
on page 11-39.

Show 3D Crossplot. Opens the Multivariate Statistics 3D window in which you

can select an object and create a 3D cross plot with three object properties. For
more information, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "Crossplot 3D" on
page 11-40.

Show Spatial Data Analysis. Opens the Variogram Analyzer window in which
you can calculate and model variograms by using functions to represent the
difference in property values as a function of distance.

Compute Reservoir Volumes. Calculates the volume of a reservoir grid and

displays the results in a separate window. For more information, see Part IX:
Reservoir Modeling, "Computing Reservoir Volumes" on page 2-133.

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1.7 Carrying Out Commands
You carry out commands when you perform the operations found on menu bars, toolbars,
and shortcut menus and those in workflows and wizards to help you create and analyze
your model. Many commands require further input to carry out the operation, which you
enter in a dialog box or panel before confirming the operation.
You may see additional messages on the status bar that will help you to complete an
operation. These instructions are particularly important when you need to select more
than one object in the active view, because the order in which you select objects often
affects how the command is carried out.
Tip You open and close dialog boxes in GOCAD just as you do in other Windows and Linux-based
programs.

When you carry out commands, you can specify information and select objects and files in
many ways.
For information, see:
• "Accepting Default Selections," page 1-45
• "Entering Information from the Keyboard," page 1-45
• "Leaving Values Undefined," page 1-46
• "When to Use OK, Apply, or Cancel," page 1-46
• "Undoing and Redoing Commands," page 1-47
• "Selecting Commands for Modeling Activities on the Menu Bar" on page 1-47
Note For related information about how to:
• Select objects for commands, see "Selecting Objects When Carrying Out Commands,"
page 3-4.
• Perform operations and navigate in workflows, see "Workflow Basics," page 5-1.

1.7.1 Accepting Default Selections

For many operations, GOCAD automatically selects one or more objects of the required
type (see "Object preselection" on page 3-4) and fills in default values that meet the
criteria of the operation. You can accept the default selections or values by first specifying
any other information requested in the dialog box and then carrying out the action by
clicking the appropriate button, such as OK, Apply, Open, or Save.

1.7.2 Entering Information from the Keyboard

When you enter information, you sometimes need to specify the name of an object or
supply a value by typing in a text box. When you finish typing in one of these boxes, it is
not necessary to press the ENTER key. When you click outside a text box, GOCAD
automatically attempts to validate and accept the value.
Caution As in other programs, pressing ENTER when you provide information for a
command carries out the action immediately, as if you clicked OK. Ensure that you supply
all of the information for the command before you press ENTER.

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Why did the text box If a text box turns red while you are typing, it means one of these:
turn red?
• You typed an incomplete or invalid object name, such as the name of an object that
does not exist in the project or the name of an object that is not of the required type.
• You typed a value that does not meet the criteria of the operation, such as a number
that is outside the required range or a letter when a number is required.
• GOCAD has not yet attempted to validate the information.

• Some required information is missing and GOCAD cannot carry out the command.
If you click outside the text box while it is red, GOCAD attempts to validate the
information. If the information is valid, GOCAD accepts the information, and the color of
the box changes to white. If the information is invalid, GOCAD does the following:
• Does not accept the information.
• Deletes the text from the box and changes the color back to white.
When you finish typing a valid name or value in a text box, you can continue filling in any
other required information and carry out the operation as usual.

1.7.3 Leaving Values Undefined

Before you confirm an operation, you should enter all of the information requested. In
dialog boxes, if you click OK or Apply to carry out an operation and you have not
specified a required object or value, one of the following occurs, depending on the
command:
• GOCAD does not carry out the operation, as if you clicked Cancel.
• The pointer changes to a , and GOCAD expects you to select an object or a value
in the active view. When you select a valid object or value, GOCAD carries out the
operation. However, if you do not select an object of the required type or you select
an invalid value, GOCAD cancels the operation.
Note The behavior is different for some workflow operations that require input. For more specific
information, consult the documentation for each workflow.

1.7.4 When to Use OK, Apply, or Cancel

In most dialog boxes, you have three choices for carrying out and/or canceling an
operation:
• OK. Carries out the operation with the values you specified and closes the dialog box.
Important In many cases, pressing the ENTER key also carries out the operation, as if
you clicked OK.
Tip Using Apply is a • Apply. Carries out the operation and keeps the dialog box open for you to change
convenient feature when the values and/or objects before you carry out the operation again.
you want to carry out the
same operation multiple Caution If you finish carrying out an operation by using Apply, do not click OK to
times with different values close the dialog box because GOCAD will carry out the operation again. Instead, click
or objects.
Cancel to close the dialog box without repeating the operation.
• Cancel. Closes the dialog box without carrying out the operation.

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1.7.5 Undoing and Redoing Commands
You can undo and redo commands in the GOCAD window.

To undo a commands ♦ Click the Edit menu, and then click Undo.

To redo a command ♦ Click the Edit menu, and then click Redo.
The number of commands that you can undo or redo is limited by a setting in Preferences.

To change the 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
number of commands Advanced tab.
you can undo 2 Under Undo, select the number of steps in the Limit the undo/redo to box.
Note The larger the amount of steps that you allow for undo and redo has implications for
system performance.

1.7.6 Selecting Commands for Modeling Activities

on the Menu Bar
When you start GOCAD for the first time, you will see the Commands menu on the menu
bar. From this menu, you can access commands for editing objects and for performing
modeling activities. However, for most editing commands, it is usually easier to access
commands from shortcut menus in the Object Tree or from workflows.
From the Commands menu, you can select the type of commands that you want to
access. When you make a selection on this menu, GOCAD adds menus to the menu bar.
Each new menu contains commands that relate to the type of object or modeling activity
selected.
Depending on the modules loaded with the project, you will see more or fewer types of
commands on the Commands menu. You will also see more or fewer commands on the
added menus depending on the user level set in the Preferences dialog box. (For more
information about user levels, see "To change the user level" on page 1-50.)
For information about how to carry out some of the common commands on these menus,
see Part IV: Foundation Modeling. For example, for information about the PointsSet
commands, see Chapter 1, "Creating and Editing Point Sets (PointsSets)."

To change the type of ♦ Click Commands or the name of the currently selected commands (such as Voxet) to
commands selected expand the menu, and then click the type of commands that you want to access.
on the menu bar
The menus for the commands that you selected appear on the menu bar. You can select
commands from these menus as necessary.

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1.8 Setting Preferences

In GOCAD 2009, you set preferences only once for each user at each computer. GOCAD
stores your personal settings in the Windows registry for Windows or in a "dot" (.) file in
your home directory for Linux.
Preferences that you can set include, for example, specifying the location to store objects,
projects, and temporary files; setting the user level; modifying the display of buttons and
text in the GOCAD window; and changing when you want to display objects in the
3D Viewer.
For more information, see:
• "Setting General Preferences," page 1-49
• "Setting Appearance Preferences," page 1-53
• "Setting Advanced Preferences," page 1-55
• "Restoring Preset Preferences," page 1-58
• "Setting Multiple-Processing Preferences," page 1-58
For information about using OK, Apply, and Cancel, see "Carrying Out Commands" on
page 1-45.

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1.8.1 Setting General Preferences
In Preferences, on the General tab (Figure 1–4), you can change the options available in
GOCAD 2009 to suit your experience level, change audio and visual settings, specify the
default folder for objects and projects, set a reminder to save your work, and specify the
units that you prefer to use for new projects.

Figure 1–4 Setting

general preferences

For more information, see:

• "To change the user level," page 1-50
• "To set visual and audio feedback options," page 1-50
• "To change the folder for temporary files," page 1-52
• "To set the reminder to save," page 1-52
• "To select units for new projects," page 1-53

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To change the 1 Click the Edit menu, and then click Preferences to open the dialog box (Figure 1–4
user level on page 1-49).
2 On the General tab, adjust the level of commands that are available in GOCAD by
selecting an option under User level:

• Beginner. Simplifies input, reduces the modeling choices, and presents fewer
commands on menus. Beginner is the default user level.
• Advanced. Shows all commands and options. With this level, you can work with
or without guided workflows. The advanced level is intended for users with
knowledge of most commands.
The higher the level, the more commands are revealed.
Note For more information about the difference in user levels, see "User Levels for Workflows"
on page 5-13.

3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
Note You can change the user level at any time while you are working in GOCAD.

To set visual and 1 Click the Edit menu, and then click Preferences to open the dialog box (Figure 1–4
audio feedback on page 1-49).
options 2 On the General tab, under Visual and audio feedback, specify the following
settings:

• Set mouse/key control as in (GOCAD or Epos). Changes the actions of mouse

and keyboard buttons to operate as they do in GOCAD or other Epos
applications.
For example, with the GOCAD setting, in the 3D Viewer, holding down CTRL and
right-clicking an object accesses the shortcut menu for the object; whereas, with
the Epos setting, right-clicking the object (without holding down CTRL) accesses
the menu.

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• Rotate the view in the 3D Viewer like Gocad 2.0. Changes the behavior of
the rotation movement in the 3D Viewer to that of GOCAD version 2.0—moving
the mouse horizontally rotates the view horizontally and moving the mouse
vertically rotates the view vertically. Otherwise, by default in version 2.1, the
rotation behaves as if you are moving a point on the surface of a sphere.
• Display objects in the 3D Viewer as you create them. Displays new objects in
the 3D Viewer when you create them (default). Otherwise, objects are shown in
the 3D Viewer only when you manually display them.
• Display regions in the 3D Viewer as you create them. Displays new regions
in the 3D Viewer when you create them (default). Otherwise, regions are shown
in the 3D Viewer only when you manually display them.
• Display selected objects in the 3D Viewer when you begin a workflow
step. Displays objects you select when you start a step in a workflow (default).
Otherwise, objects are shown in the 3D Viewer only when you manually display
them.
Tip When working with large objects or projects, you may want to clear this option to
save time or system resources.

• Display 1D and 2D viewers in a separate window. Displays each map, log

display, and cross-section in a separate window when you create them (default).
You can move these windows around independently of the GOCAD window.
Otherwise, 1D and 2D views are shown as dockable windows inside the
GOCAD window.
• Display the progress indicator in a separate window. During processing,
GOCAD shows the progress indicator and the Current Process Status
button in a new window. For some operations, this window provides additional
details about the process. Otherwise, with the preselected setting (cleared),
GOCAD shows the progress indicator on the status bar in the lower-right corner
of the GOCAD window:

• Beep when errors occur. Sounds a beep each time GOCAD encounters an error.
• Beep when warnings occur. Sounds a beep each time GOCAD presents a
warning message.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

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To change the folder You can check the folder where GOCAD saves temporary files, projects, and objects
for temporary files related to the active project.
1 Click the Edit menu, and then click Preferences to open the dialog box (Figure 1–4
on page 1-49).
2 On the General tab, under Default working folder for finding and saving
objects and projects, do the following:

a Click to open the Browse for Folder dialog box.

b Find and select the folder you want, and then click OK.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
When you save object or project files, GOCAD will store the files in the folder you
selected. For information about saving objects and projects, see "Saving Objects as Files"
on page 3-15 and "Saving a Project" on page 2-4.

To set the reminder to To configure GOCAD to prompt you to save your work at an interval of up to 30 minutes,
save do the following:
1 Click the Edit menu, and then click Preferences to open the dialog box (Figure 1–4
on page 1-49).
2 On the General tab, under Project, select the Remind me to save every check box,
and then enter the number of minutes in the box.

3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
When the number of minutes you specify have passed, GOCAD prompts you to save your
project.
For information about saving projects, see "Saving a Project" on page 2-4.

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To select units for You can set the units that are preselected for new projects.
new projects
1 Click the Edit menu, and then click Preferences to open the dialog box (Figure 1–4
on page 1-49).
2 On the General tab, under Default new project units, select from the options for
Area units, Depth unit, Time unit, Depth axis positive values, and Preferred z-
axis.

3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
New projects that you create will use the units that you selected as the default selection.

1.8.2 Setting Appearance Preferences

On the Appearance tab, you can alter the look of text and the size of buttons, and show
or hide text labels and ToolTips.
For information, see:
• "To change the appearance of toolbars," page 1-54
• "To change the look of text," page 1-55
• "To turn on or turn off ToolTips," page 1-55
• "To restore the original locations of toolbars and dockable windows," page 1-54

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To change the If you want to increase the size of buttons in GOCAD or show the names of commands on
appearance toolbars, do the following:
of toolbars 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
Appearance tab.

2 If you want to change the size of buttons on toolbars or show them with or without
text labels, under Toolbars and dockable windows, select or clear these options:
• Display large icons. Displays toolbar buttons in large format. Otherwise,
GOCAD shows toolbar buttons in small format.
• Show text labels. Displays the names of commands under each button on
toolbars. Otherwise, GOCAD shows buttons on toolbars without text labels.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To restore the original 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
locations of toolbars Appearance tab.
and dockable 2 Under Toolbars and dockable windows, clear the Save position check box.
windows
3 Click OK.
4 Quit the program, and then start GOCAD again. For information, see "Quitting the
Program" on page 1-65 and "Starting GOCAD 2009 and Setting Up a Project" on
page 1-2.
When you quit, GOCAD does not save the position of toolbars and dockable windows
with the rest of your user settings. The next time you start GOCAD, the toolbars and
dockable windows appear in the original locations, as they did when you first
installed GOCAD.
5 Optionally, if you want to save the position of toolbars and dockable windows with
your personal settings the next time you quit GOCAD, open Preferences again (see
step 1) and then select the Save position check box.

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The next time you quit the program, GOCAD saves the position of toolbars and dockable
windows with your personal settings.

To change the look 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
of text Appearance tab.
2 Under Font, click Change to open the Select Font dialog box, type or select font
properties—such as a new name, style (bold or italic), size, effects (underline and
strikethrough), and writing system (language)—and then click OK.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To change the size 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
of text Appearance tab.
2 Under Font enter a new font size in the Size box.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To turn on or 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
turn off ToolTips Appearance tab.
2 Select or clear the Display ToolTips check box. With ToolTips selected, the names of
buttons appear when you rest the pointer over them.
Note This setting also affects the ToolTips in the Task Pane.

3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

1.8.3 Setting Advanced Preferences

In Preferences, on the Advanced tab, you can change the settings to display
confirmation and errors messages, change the options for undo and redo, specify a folder
to store temporary items for projects and grids, and select the option to work with a two-
button mouse.
For information, see:
• "To turn off confirmation messages," page 1-56
• "To customize undo and redo functionality," page 1-56
• "To turn off or limit 3D object buffering" on page 1-57
• "To change the folder to store temporary files," page 1-57
• "To simulate the middle mouse button," page 1-57

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To turn off 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
confirmation Advanced tab.
messages

2 If you want to change how GOCAD notifies you of errors and overwriting files, under
Confirmations, select or clear these options:
• Do not display error windows. Suppresses critical error messages.
Note GOCAD still records any errors in the history file for the project, history.gsc. This is
an ASCII file that you can open from the project folder with any text editing program.

• Do not ask for confirmation when quitting. Suppresses the message asking
you to click Yes or No to continue each time you close the program.
• Do not ask for confirmation when saving or overwriting objects or
projects. Suppresses the message asking you to click Yes or No before
overwriting objects and projects.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To customize undo 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
and redo Advanced tab.
functionality 2 Change the undo and redo functionality by selecting, clearing, or modifying the
options under Undo:
• Disable the undo functionality. Prevents you from undoing actions after
carrying out commands.

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The default setting (cleared check box) enables you to undo actions.
Note Disabling undo uses less disk space and fewer system resources.

• Limit the undo/redo. Indicates the number of actions you can undo or redo
after carrying out commands. To change it, enter a number in the box.
Note The larger the number of steps the more system resources and disk space needed to
store your changes. For these reasons, the default limit is two steps.

3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To turn off or limit 3D GOCAD stores objects that you display in the 3D Viewer in temporary memory for faster
object buffering rendering. If you want to turn off or limit the number of objects stored in memory, do the
following:
1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
Advanced tab.
2 Under 3D object buffering, do either of the following:
• To turn off buffering, select the Disable the 3D object buffer functionality
check box.
• To limit buffering, in the Limit the 3D object buffer to box, enter the number
of objects that you want as the limit.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To change the GOCAD stores temporary files for objects, projects, and grids in a default folder. To use
folder to store another folder, do the following:
temporary files 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
Advanced tab.
2 Under Temporary Items, select the Use this path to store temporary files for
projects and grids check box.
GOCAD displays the default path in the box.

3 Click to open the Browse For Folder dialog box, find and select the folder you
want, and then click OK.
4 In Preferences, click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click
Apply to carry out the command and leave the dialog box open.
GOCAD will place temporary files for objects, projects, and grids in the folder you
selected.

To simulate the If your mouse has only two buttons, set your preferences to simulate the action of the
middle mouse button middle mouse button as follows:
1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
Advanced tab.
2 Select the Simulate middle mouse button check box.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

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Now, you can carry out commands that require the middle mouse button by pressing both
the left and right mouse buttons simultaneously.

1.8.4 Setting Multiple-Processing Preferences

In Preferences, on the Multi Processing tab, you can specify how to use multiple
processors when you perform operations in GOCAD that can take advantage of parallel
processing. For example, you can control how many processors (cores) that you want
GOCAD to use for parallel processes.

To specify multi- 1 Click the Edit menu, click Preferences to open the dialog box, and then click the
processing Multi Processing tab.
2 Select or clear the Enable multi-processing check box to turn on or off this
functionality. The initial setting is enabled.
3 Enter the number of processors that you want to use the box.
We recommend that you set this number to the number of processors that are
available minus one (n - 1), so that at least one processor is still available to perform
other work.
4 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

1.8.5 Restoring Preset Preferences

You do not need to reset your preferences each time you open GOCAD. Your preferences
remain in effect until you change them or restore the preselected settings.

To reset all 1 Click the Edit menu, and then click Preferences to open the dialog box.
preferences to
2 Click Restore. The settings in the dialog box change back to the preset selections.
preselected settings
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
GOCAD restores the preselected settings for all preferences.

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1.9 Managing Views and Customizing the
GOCAD Window
When you undock the Task Pane and other items such as the Information pane, the
Command Terminal, and the 3D View Controller, you can move them around on your
screen and even move them outside of the GOCAD window. You can also customize the
arrangement of items in the Workspace by docking these windows on the top, bottom, or
sides of the window.
When you minimize or restore the 3D Viewer and other views (such as one or more 2D
views) as windows within GOCAD, you can cascade or tile these windows in the
Workspace. When you have more than one window undocked, restored, or minimized, an
easy way to cycle through the open windows is to press CTRL+TAB a few times.
For information, see:
• "To show or hide dockable windows," page 1-59
• "To show the Information Pane," page 1-59
• "To show the Command Terminal," page 1-59
• "To cycle through open windows," page 1-59

To show or hide ♦ Click the View menu, and then click the name of the window that you want to show
dockable windows or hide: Task Pane, Information pane, Command Terminal, or the
3D View Controller.
– or –
Right-click an empty space in one of the toolbar areas, and then click the name of the
window on the shortcut menu.

To show the ♦ Click the View menu, and then click Information.
Information Pane
The Information Pane shows the status of operations you perform in the view. For
example, it shows the names of any objects that you import from other Epos
applications1.

To show the ♦ Click the View menu, and then click CommandTerminal.
Command Terminal
The Command Terminal shows a list of the commands carried out, errors, warnings, and
other information for the project and provides a command prompt for you to enter
commands.

To cycle through open ♦ Press CTRL+TAB one or more times as necessary.

windows

1. If you are running GOCAD in a Linux environment from an active Epos session ("Starting an Epos
Session with GOCAD" on page 1-2), you can import and export objects to the Epos repository.

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1.10 Compatibility with Other Paradigm

Products
GOCAD shares many object types with Epos applications, such as BaseMap, Geolog,
3D Canvas, and SeisEarth which enables you to easily import Epos data and export
GOCAD data to Epos (requires the Epos Link module). In addition, if you are running
GOCAD in a Linux environment from an active Epos session, you can also quickly open
data from shared memory and send data from view to view between GOCAD and other
Epos applications. For more information about how to share objects and data with other
Epos applications, see Chapter 4, "Sharing Data with Epos Applications."
GOCAD also shares data formats and many object types with SKUA GOCAD and
StratEarth as well as several modules with SKUA GOCAD. Project files are also compatible
between these products, which enables you to easily reuse your SKUA GOCAD and
StratEarth projects in GOCAD.
For information about what happens when you open SKUA projects; which project
versions, modules, and objects are compatible between these products; and information
about opening and saving older project versions, see:
• "Project version numbering," page 1-60
• "Shared file and data formats," page 1-60
• "Module and object compatibility," page 1-61
• "What happens when I open a SKUA project?" on page 1-63
• "Project version compatibility," page 1-64

Project version Version numbering of GOCAD, SKUA, and StratEarth projects is parallel between these
numbering products so that you can easily determine whether a particular project is compatible with
your version. For example, a project that you create with GOCAD 2009.1 is compatible
with SKUA 2009.1, and StratEarth 2009.1.
Important Although you can open a particular SKUA project, not all of the modules,
objects, or data types may be compatible. For information, see "Module and object
compatibility" on page 1-61.
For more information about the compatibility of specific versions, see "Project version
compatibility" on page 1-64.

Shared file and data GOCAD, SKUA and StratEarth share common formats for saving files and data, including
formats the naming convention for project folders (ProjectName .prj), and several of the file types
for common objects and reports that you can save as data files. Although the project file
types differ (.gprj for GOCAD, .sprj for SKUA, and .cprj for StratEarth), the format of
these files is similar, which enables GOCAD to open SKUA and StratEarth projects and
data files and vice versa.
For information about what makes up a project and how you can save and share projects
with multiple users, see "Working with Projects" on page 2-1.

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Module and object In addition to sharing similar project formats and version numbering, GOCAD, SKUA, and
compatibility StratEarth have many objects and data types in common. GOCAD also shares several
modules with SKUA, including much of the functionality that you can find in the SKUA
geoscience modules (also known as the Base Modules), plus several of its reservoir
modeling and reservoir production modules. You will even find most commands in the
same place in GOCAD and SKUA.
You will also find that some of the GOCAD and SKUA modules provide equivalent
functionality; however, they do not operate in the same way. For example, you will find
fundamental differences in structural modeling and reservoir grid building. For
information about structural modeling and grid building in GOCAD 2009, see Part VIII: 3D
Grid Building, Chapter 1, "Building a Structural Framework," and Chapter 3, "Building a
3D Reservoir Grid."
Table 1–1 describes the compatibility of each SKUA and GOCAD object type.

Table 1–1 Compatible objects

StratEarth (Epos) StratEarth (Epos)

SKUA object GOCAD object SKUA object GOCAD object
object1 object1
2D-Grid 2D-Grid Grid HorizonGrid
2D-Survey/Shotline 2D-Survey/Shotline 2D-Survey/Shotline Jacta-Model Jacta-Model
CChannel CChannel Log Display view Log Display view Well Section view 2
CChannelSection CChannelSection Map Map
Channel Channel Model3D Model3D
CrossSection view CrossSection view Cross Section view 2 PointsSet PointsSet PointsSet
Curve Curve PolyLine SGrid SGrid SGrid
DEM DEM Solid Solid
Dip Dip Structural-Simulations
Drilling Platform Drilling Platform Surface Surface T-Surface
Fault Network TargetSet TargetSet
GeologicGrid Voxet Voxet Volume
Group Group Well Well Well

1. All of the StratEarth object types are compatible with both GOCAD and SKUA.
2. Cross Section and Log Display/Well Section views can be saved as Traverse objects in other Epos applications.

For information related to objects, see the following.

To answer this See this topic

What are objects? "Objects Tab (Object Tree)" on page 1-23
Where can I find objects in the interface?
How can I use objects? "Managing Objects" on page 3-1
How can I create or edit objects that are available Part IV: Foundation Modeling
with the Geoscience modules? For example, Chapter 1, "Creating and Editing
Point Sets (PointsSets)."
What can I do with objects that are available only Documentation for the module
with a particular module?

Table 1–2 lists the modules available in both SKUA and GOCAD.

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Table 1–2 Shared SKUA

and GOCAD modules Compatible modules
• 3D Viewer • LGR and Upscaler
• Foundation Modeling and Editing • Fracture Modeling
• Map, Cross Section and Log Display • Production Data Loader
• Interpretation Modeling • Production Data Analysis
• Seismic Attribute Analysis • Reservoir Simulation Interface
• Velocity Modeling and Time Depth Conversion • Production Risk Assessment 3DSL Connection
• Well Correlation and Stratigraphic Analysis • Production Risk Assessment FrontSim Connection
• Reservoir Data Analysis • Basic Well Planning
• Reservoir Properties • Side Track and Collision Risk
• Object Modeling • Epos Link
• Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta) • Remote Collaboration (NetGOCAD)
• HP Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta Cluster) • OpenSpirit Client
• Finite Element Mesh Constructor

For information about these modules, see "GOCAD modules" on page 1-9.
The following workflows are compatible with both SKUA and GOCAD objects.

Table 1–3 Shared SKUA

and GOCAD workflows Compatible workflow Capabilities
Time to Depth Calibration Calibrate well data to seismic data by interactively manipulating the
time-depth function and create synthetics.
Interpretation Modeling Construct a structural model while interpreting, check the quality
and edit interpretations, compare the resulting model with your
seismic data, and guide the interpretation with the extrapolated
model. For information, see Part V: Seismic Interpretation Modeling ,
Chapter 1, "Introduction to Interpretation Modeling."
Note The structural model built in SKUA is not compatible with
GOCAD; however, you can use the remaining components of your
interpretations and seismic data in GOCAD.
Reservoir Data Analysis Prepare and analyze reservoir data (such as well logs) for
petrophysical property modeling. For information, see Part IX:
Reservoir Modeling , Chapter 1, "Analyzing Reservoir Data for
Property Modeling."
Reservoir Properties By using a reservoir grid as input, compute petrophysical properties
for the reservoir model. For information, see Part IX: Reservoir
Modeling , Chapter 2, "Modeling Reservoir Properties."
Reservoir Risk Assessment Perform static or dynamic risk analysis by studying the impact of the
geologic uncertainty in your models. For information, see Part IX:
Reservoir Modeling , Chapter 4, "Assessing Reservoir Risk
with Jacta."
Drilling Planner Define targets, plan wells, and check the well path against the
reservoir model and the overburden model to study the risk in your
drilling plans. For information, see Part XI: Drilling Planner ,
Chapter 1, "Introduction to Well and Platform Planning."
LGR and Upscaler Upscale and downscale reservoir grids and properties and create
local grid refinements (LGRs) for use in flow simulation. For
information, see Part X: Reservoir Production and Simulation,
Chapter 2, "Upscaling and Downscaling Reservoir Grids and
Properties."
Reservoir Simulation Interface By using a reservoir grid as input, prepare and launch flow
simulations by connecting to commercially available streamline and
conventional simulators. For information, see Part X: Reservoir
Production and Simulation , Chapter 4, "Creating a Reservoir
Simulation Run."
(Continued 1 of 2)

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Compatible workflow Capabilities
Production Data Analysis Analyze and compare the reservoir production data scenarios that
you prepared and launched in the Reservoir Simulation Interface
Workflow. For information, see Part X: Reservoir Production and
Simulation, Chapter 5, "Analyzing Production Data."
Tessellation Create a finite element mesh to perform 3D structural restoration,
such as with the 3D Restoration (Kine3D-3) module.
FracMV (Fracture Modeling) Use a flow simulation grid to compute permeability factors that are
linked to fracturing. For information, see Part X: Reservoir
Production and Simulation , Chapter 3, "Building Fractured Reservoir
Models with FracMV."
(Continued 2 of 2)

Figure 1–5 illustrates the workflows that provide equivalent functionality in the two
suites.

Figure 1–5 Equivalent workflows

SKUA GOCAD

What happens when I If you open a SKUA project in which all of the modules (SKUA) and objects are compatible
open a SKUA project? with GOCAD 2009, GOCAD opens the project and loads all of the modules and objects in
the project. In this case, when all of the objects and data load successfully, the project will
be both readable and writable.
If you open a SKUA project that requires modules that are incompatible with
GOCAD 2009, GOCAD opens the project as read-only and loads only those modules and
objects that are compatible. GOCAD does not load any modules that are not available in
GOCAD 2009 or any objects or data that require those modules. After you open the
project, you can save it as a new name without the incompatible objects so that you can
work with it in GOCAD.

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Project version GOCAD 2009.1 can open SKUA project versions 2008 and newer and StratEarth project
compatibility version 2009.1.
Like other software products, you cannot open a newer project with an older version of
the software. For example, a GOCAD version 2009 project will not open in GOCAD
version 2.5.2 or earlier. You can, however, save a project as an older version, so that you
can open the project with that version of the software.

Table 1–4 Compatibility

of specific versions This product Can open these project versions And save as these project versions
StratEarth 2009.1 • StratEarth 2009.1 • StratEarth 2009 – 2009.1
• SKUA 2008 – 2009.1 • GOCAD 2.1.4 – 2.5.2
• GOCAD 2.0.8 – 2009.1
SKUA 2009.1 • StratEarth 2009.1 SKUA 2009 – 2009.1
• SKUA 2008 – 2009.1
• GOCAD 2.0.8 – 2009.1
GOCAD 2009.1 • StratEarth 2009.1 GOCAD 2.1.4 – 2009.1
• SKUA 2008 – 2009.1
• GOCAD 2.0.8 – 2009.1
SKUA 2009 • SKUA 2008 – 2009 SKUA 2009
• GOCAD 2.0.8 – 2009
GOCAD 2009 • SKUA 2008 – 2009 GOCAD 2.1.4 – 2009
• GOCAD 2.0.8 – 2009
SKUA 2008 • SKUA 2008 • SKUA 2008
• GOCAD 2.0.8 – 2.5.2 • GOCAD 2.1.4 – 2.5.2
GOCAD Suite 2008 (2.5.2) • SKUA 2.5.1 Beta • SKUA 2.5.1 Beta
• GOCAD 2.0.8 – 2.5.2 • GOCAD 2.1.4 – 2.5.2
GOCAD Suite 2.5 GOCAD 2.0.8 – 2.5.0 GOCAD 2.1.4 – 2.5.0

Table 1–5 Older GOCAD

projects Project version Cautions and recommendations
2.0.8 If you open a GOCAD version 2.0.8 project in SKUA 2008 (or newer) or
GOCAD version 2.1 (or newer), you need to know which modules are
necessary to load all of the objects in the project. If you do not select the
appropriate modules, some of the objects in the project will not load, and the
project will open as read-only.
If you want to save a read-only project without the missing modules and
objects, you can save the project with a new name or path.
2.0.7 and earlier Starting with GOCAD version 2.5 and SKUA 2008, neither product suite can
open GOCAD project versions 2.0.7 and earlier.
You should convert a version 2.0.7 or earlier project to a more recent version
by opening and saving the project in any of the GOCAD versions 2.0.8–2.1.6.

For information about how to select modules, see "Choosing Modules for a Project" on
page 1-8.
For information about units for version 2.0 projects, see "Setting Units for a GOCAD
Project" on page 1-12.

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1.11 Quitting the Program
To quit the program ♦ On the File menu, click Quit.
If you have any unsaved changes, a message appears, asking if you want to save the
project before quitting. To continue quitting, click Yes or No.
Note If you started GOCAD from the Paradigm Session Manager, you can also close the current
project by closing the Paradigm Session Manager.

GOCAD closes the project and quits the program session. If you have additional sessions
open, these sessions remain open.

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Working with Projects

In this chapter • "What Is in a Project?," page 2-2 • "Deleting a Lock File to Save a
Project," page 2-8
• "Checking the Units in an Existing
Project," page 2-3 • "Closing a Project," page 2-9

• "Saving a Project," page 2-4 • "Opening Another Project,"

page 2-10
• "Sharing Projects," page 2-6

Overview These topics explain how to work with projects in Paradigm™ GOCAD ® 2009.
While you are working in GOCAD, you can have only one project open at a time. You can,
however, close one project and open or create another one without restarting the
program. Or, if you have additional licenses available, you can open projects in more than
one GOCAD session at a time.
For information about compatibility between GOCAD and SKUA projects, see
"Compatibility with Other Paradigm Products" on page 1-60.

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2.1 What Is in a Project?

When you create a project, GOCAD saves several files and a folder with the project name
and path you specify. If you view the contents of a project, you will see the project file
(ProjectName .gprj), the project folder (ProjectName .prj), and various files inside the folder.
For more information, see:
• "Project file," page 2-2
• "Project folder and files," page 2-2
• "What is saved in a project?," page 2-2

Project file The ProjectName.gprj file is an Extensible Markup Language (XML) file containing a list of
the modules you select for the project. This file also contains other information such as
the project version number and the list of objects in the project. This information is stored
as meta data in the .gprj file. Many applications that can read XML can use this file to
manage, read, and retrieve GOCAD projects.
Notes
• GOCAD expects the information in the .gprj file in a particular order and format. If you edit this
file, you will not be able to open the associated project with this file.
• In Windows, the installation process associates the GPRJ SPRJ file type with the GOCAD
program file (.exe). You can use project files ending with .gprj to start GOCAD—for more
information, see "To start GOCAD from a project file" on page 1-7.

Project folder The ProjectName .prj folder contains at least four files: project, data, control, and
and files inventory.txt. Additional files may also appear in this folder, such as the history.gsc file.
The types of files in the folder depend on the objects and data in your project.
Tip For project versions 2.5 The ASCII "project" and "history.gsc" files are noteworthy. The project file contains the
and newer, you can find out project version number and a list of all of the files that make up the project. The
which version saved a
history.gsc file contains a list of all of the commands carried out for the project and any
particular project by
checking in the inventory.txt
error and information messages.
file. Cautions
• If you store your own files in this folder, the program may delete or overwrite them.
• If you manually edit the files in a project folder, you will corrupt the project.

What is saved in a In addition to objects and data, a project stores the following information:
project?
• Modules to load with the project
• Project version number
• Units of measure for the project
• Workflow report files (Workflow_WorkflowName _report.html) if any
• Project history file (history.gsc)—an ASCII file containing the command history and
messages for the project
• State of the view in the 3D Viewer, including the objects displayed and the
orientation of the view
• State of each 2D view, including the displayed objects and view settings

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2.2 Checking the Units in an Existing Project
To determine the 1 On the File menu, click Project Properties.
units in an existing
project

The dialog box shows the units saved in the project settings for area, depth, and time
and the direction of positive values on the depth axis.
2 Click OK to close the dialog box.
For information about how to set the units for a project, see "Setting Units for a GOCAD
Project" on page 1-12.

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2.3 Saving a Project

You can save a project in more than one way.
For information, see:
• "To save a project with the same name and path," page 2-4
• "To save a project with a new name or path or overwrite a project," page 2-4
Notes

• For information about project version compatibility, see "Compatibility with Other Paradigm
Products" on page 1-60
• For information about how to save a shared project, see "Sharing Projects" on page 2-6.
• For information about how to create another project from selected objects, see "Saving
Selected Objects as a New Project" on page 3-17.

To save a project with If you have a project open that is readable and writable (not locked or read-only), save the
the same name and project as follows:
path
♦ On the File menu or Main toolbar, click Save Project .

GOCAD saves the project in compressed binary format with the file name and path that
you specified when you created or last saved the project.
Note If the project was created with an older version, a message appears asking if you want to
upgrade to the current project version. To continue saving the project, determine in which version
that you want to save the project, and then click the appropriate button.

To save a project with 1 On the File menu, click Save Project As to open the dialog box.
a new name or path
or overwrite a project

2 Find and open the folder in which you want to save the project.
3 Do the following as necessary:
• To save the project with a new name, type a new name for the project in the File
name box. When you save the file, GOCAD creates both a file and a folder with
this name and adds the necessary extensions.
• To overwrite an existing project, find and select the project file (*.gprj or project).

• To change the project version, in the Version box, select the number of the
version that you want to use. The initial selection is the latest version.

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4 Click Save.
Note If you selected an existing project, a message appears, requesting confirmation to
overwrite the project. To continue saving the project, click Yes.

GOCAD saves the project, creating new files and a folder with the name you specified or
overwriting the project you selected.

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2.4 Sharing Projects

You can share GOCAD projects with other users or other sessions. With GOCAD, you
share projects when the same project is open in more than one session at the same time.
You can share a project for viewing (read-only) at any time. However, to save edits to a
shared project, you need to save the project with a new name or close the project in all
other sessions (see "Closing a Project" on page 2-9).
For information about shared projects, see:
• "How GOCAD manages shared projects," page 2-6
• "Cautions about saving shared projects," page 2-6
Note You can also share individual objects stored in a project—for information, see "Importing
Objects from Projects" on page 3-8.

How GOCAD GOCAD uses lock files to manage reading and writing to projects. When you open a
manages shared project, GOCAD creates a unique lock file (gocad_lock_read_ Unique-Identifier) in the
projects project folder (ProjectName.prj). If you or others open a project in more than one session
at the same time, GOCAD creates an additional lock file for each session in which the
project is open.
When more than one lock file exists for a project, the project becomes read-only in all
sessions, including the first session to open the project. You can save changes to a read-
only project by specifying a new name or path. For more information, see "Cautions
about saving shared projects" on page 2-6.
If you experience a power failure or the system stops responding while you are working in
GOCAD, when you have access to the project again, you may need to delete the lock file
before you can save the project. For more information, see"Deleting a Lock File to Save a
Project" on page 2-8.

Cautions about When you share a project—for example, another user opens a project that you already
saving shared have open—the project becomes read-only in both sessions and neither session can save
projects changes to the project by using the Save Project command (File menu). However, in
either session, you can save the project with a new name by using the Save Project As
command. You or the other user can also save the project with the original name, but
only after closing or renaming the project in all other sessions. When the project is open
in only one session, you can then save it with the same name by using the Save Project
As command. For more information, see "To save a project with a new name or path or
overwrite a project" on page 2-4.
Depending on the project status (shown at the top of the GOCAD window), you can save
a project as follows:
• ProjectName. If only the project name appears at the top of the window (for
example, GOCAD - ProjectName - [3D Viewer] ), you are the only one that has the
project open, and you can save it normally by using the Save Project command.
• I/O Errors, Read Only. You can only use the Save Project As command. The project
may be corrupted. You can save it with a new name or save it in another folder.
• Locked. GOCAD generated a second lock file for the project. If you are sure that no
one else is using the project, you can delete the lock file by using the Locks
Manager, and then use the Save Project command. For more information, see
"Deleting a Lock File to Save a Project" on page 2-8.

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• Read Only. The network or local folder or file permission setting is preventing you
from using the Save Project command. To save the project, you can use the Save
Project As command. Alternatively, anyone who has administrator rights can change
the folder or file permissions to make the project file writable, and then you can use
the Save Project command.

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2.5 Deleting a Lock File to Save a Project

Use the Locks Manager to delete a lock that is preventing you from saving a project
(such as when the Save Project command is unavailable on the File menu).
A lock remains in a project if GOCAD is not shut down properly such as when your system
stops responding or if there is a power failure. Subsequently, you need to remove the lock
from the project. You can do this either by using the Delete Locks command (File menu,
Locks Manager) or by manually deleting the lock file (gocad_lock_read_Unique-
Identifier ) from the project folder.
The Locks Manager can only remove locks created with your user credentials and cannot
delete locks created by other users.
Caution Only delete a lock file that remains in a project after the system stops
responding or a power failure occurs.

To delete locks with 1 On the File menu, click Locks Manager to open the dialog box.
the Locks Manager

2 In the User/Date column, expand your user name and select one or more locks
(represented by the date and time you created or saved the project).
Note You can only delete locks that are of the read type. A write type lock indicates that the
project is corrupted, and you should save the project by using the Save Project As command
(File menu).

3 Click Delete Locks to delete the lock files from your system.
Note The Delete Locks command becomes unavailable if you select another user's lock file.

After you delete the lock file, you can save the project by using the Save Project
command (File menu). If you still cannot save the project, see the tips in "Cautions about
saving shared projects" on page 2-6 for more information.

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2.6 Closing a Project
To close a project, you need to quit the GOCAD session or open another project. For more
information, see:
• "Quitting the Program," page 1-65
• "Opening Another Project," page 2-10

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2.7 Opening Another Project

To open another project in the active session, you can either create a new project or open
an existing project. If you create a project without restarting GOCAD, you can only access
the modules specified for the active session.
Note To create a project with different modules, close and restart GOCAD. For more information,
see "Starting GOCAD 2009 and Setting Up a Project" on page 1-2.

For more information, see:

• "To create a project without restarting GOCAD," page 2-10
• "To open another project without restarting GOCAD," page 2-11

To create a project 1 On the File menu, click New Project to open the dialog box.
without restarting
Note If you have any unsaved changes, a message appears, asking if you want to save before
GOCAD closing the project. To continue creating another project, click Yes to save or No to discard
changes.

2 In the New project name box, type a name for the new project. The file name
extension will be added for you.
3 If you want to specify a different folder in which to save the project, enter the path to
the folder in the Path box. The list includes recently accessed project folders.
– or –
To create a new folder or browse for an existing folder, click Browse to open the
Browse for Folder dialog box, find and select the folder, and then click OK.
4 Optionally, type the name of a geodetic projection in the Projection name box.
GOCAD stores this information in the project for use in later versions by OpenSpirit
and other modules to transform latitude and longitude into xy-coordinates.
Otherwise, if you leave Default in the box, GOCAD does not store a projection name
with the project.
5 Select from the options for Area units, Depth unit, Time unit, Depth axis
orientation, and Default z-axis.

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6 When you finish specifying the project name and the units, click OK.
The command creates a file and folder using the new project name and path:
ProjectName.gprj (file) and ProjectName.prj (folder). The new project opens with the
modules specified for the active session.
Note To use different modules, you need to start a new session. For more information, see
"Starting GOCAD 2009 and Setting Up a Project" on page 1-2.

To open another Do one of the following:

project without
restarting GOCAD ♦ To select a project that you recently opened, click the File menu, point to Recent
Projects, and then click the name of one of the projects listed on the menu.
– or –
Tip For information about 1 To browse for a project, on the File menu, click Open Project to open the dialog box.
how to open a project
during startup, see "Starting Note If you have any unsaved changes, a message appears, asking if you want to save before
GOCAD 2009 and Setting closing the active project. To continue opening another project, click Yes to save or No to
Up a Project" on page 1-2. discard changes.

2 Find the project that you want to open, and then double-click the file ending
with .gprj, project, or PROJECT (or .sprj for a SKUA project).
Caution If you open a project that requires modules that are not available in the active
session, GOCAD displays a message stating that it could not load all of the objects in the
project and suggesting that you load additional modules. The project will open as read-
only. If you then save the project as a new name, the project will not include any of the
missing objects. To open the project and load all of the objects, reopen the project in a
new session (see "Selecting an Existing Project" on page 1-6).
Notes
• If you open a GOCAD version 2.0 project, the Initialize Project Units dialog box opens. For
information, see "Setting Units for a GOCAD Project" on page 1-12.
• For information about project version compatibility, see "Compatibility with Other Paradigm
Products" on page 1-60.

The selected project opens with the modules available in the active session.

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Managing Objects

In this chapter • "Which Objects Are Geometric • "Saving Objects as Files," page 3-15
Objects?," page 3-2
• "Saving Selected Objects as a New
• "Selecting Objects When Carrying Out Project," page 3-17
Commands," page 3-4
• "Renaming, Copying, and Deleting
• "Naming Objects," page 3-7 Objects," page 3-18
• "Importing Objects from Projects," • "Searching for Objects," page 3-20
page 3-8
• "Searching for Wells," page 3-29
• "About Importing Objects from
External Sources," page 3-13 • "Organizing Objects in Your Favorites
List," page 3-42
• "Loading an Object from a Data File,"
page 3-14 • "About Exporting Objects,"
page 3-43

Overview In Paradigm™ GOCAD ® 2009, creating, modeling, loading, importing, and copying are
some of the methods that you can use to bring objects into your projects. Creating and
modeling objects requires specialized information and data that depends on the types of
objects that you want to create. You can also create most objects by multiple methods.
For information about the methods to create and model specific objects, see the chapters
about the basic object types in Part IV: Foundation Modeling, starting with Chapter 1,
"Creating and Editing Point Sets (PointsSets)."
These topics include an overview of the basic object types and common methods to bring
them into your projects and manage them.
After you have some objects, whether you create them in GOCAD or another program,
you can bring them into your project by loading GOCAD object files or importing objects
from other sources. You can then display and edit them; create new objects by using
existing objects; and save, export, search for, and organize your objects.
Note Additional topics that relate to objects:
• To create and edit specific types of objects, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling.
• To show objects and work with them in the 3D Viewer, see Part III: Visualization, "Getting
Started in the 3D Viewer" on page 2-2.

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3.1 Which Objects Are Geometric Objects?

In GOCAD, geometric objects include any object that consists of a shape that you can
display in the3D Viewer. You can find geometric objects in the Object Tree in the Objects
category (whereas, resource objects are under Resources). You can also use geometric
objects to create and edit other objects.
Even though you can also find Cross Sections and Log Displays in the Objects category,
these objects are 2D views, which are described in detail in Part III: Visualization,
The following introduces the basic geometric objects in GOCAD. However, there are many
additional types of objects that are available with the GOCAD modules that relate to
specific modeling activities. If you load additional modules, you will see these object types
in the Object Tree along with the basic objects. For information about these specialized
objects, see the documentation for each module and the related modeling activities.

PointsSet A PointsSet is an object that contains discrete data points with no connection between
the points—for example, points from seismic interpretations. For more information about
PointsSet objects, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, Chapter 1, "Creating and Editing
Point Sets (PointsSets)."

Curve A Curve is an object that consists of a set of points connected by segments.Curves can
also contain multiple, disconnected segments, called parts. You can use Curves to store
linear data, such as fault polygons, contour lines, horizon boundaries, and well log data.
For more information about Curve objects, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, Chapter 2,
"Creating and Editing Curves.".

Surface A Surface is an object that contains points connected by triangles. Surfaces can also
consist of multiple disconnected parts. You can use Surfaces to model horizons, faults,
salt tops, unconformities, and any other two-dimensional objects. For example, you can
bring in a satellite image as a Voxet object and then texture-map it onto a surface to
create an image of the topography. Surfaces can also model horizons with multiple
z-values. For more information about Surface objects, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling,
Chapter 3, "Creating and Editing Surfaces.".

Solid A Solid is an object that consists of a set of points connected by tetrahedra (three-sided
pyramids). You can use solids for ray tracing and modeling volumes, such as a velocity
layer.

Voxet A Voxet object is a regular 2D or 3D grid consisting of a set of points oriented and spaced
in a fixed manner. The three axes in a voxet do not have to be orthogonal or parallel to
the x, y, and z axes. For example, a seismic cube or seismic volume is a Voxet object. You
can use a Voxet object for seismic data, satellite images, modeling seismic volumes, and
velocity modeling. For more information about Voxet objects, see Part IV: Foundation
Modeling, "Creating and Editing Volumes (Voxets)" on page 5-1.

SGrid An SGrid object is a flexible, 2D or 3D grid that you can fit between two boundary
horizons to model a reservoir volume—SGrid objects are commonly known as
stratigraphic grids or reservoir grids. These grids can also contain faults. You can use
SGrid objects for computing reservoir volumes, modeling properties, and creating flow
simulations. For more information about SGrid objects, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling,
"Creating and Editing Stratigraphic Grids (SGrids)" on page 6-1

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Well You can use Well objects to provide well-path information, log or marker data in a well,
and drilling information (such as casing points and uncertainty cone). You can also use
wells to adjust horizon and fault surfaces, constrain reservoir property modeling, and
model proposed drilling. You can use wells to display well paths, well markers, well log
measurements, and stratigraphic units. You can also use Well objects as input data for
reservoir property modeling, velocity modeling, and structural modeling. For more
information about Well objects, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, Chapter 7, "Creating
and Editing Wells and Well Data."

Group A Group object simply consists of one or more geometric objects grouped together so
that you can perform operations on all of the objects in the group at once. You can add
and remove individual objects from a Group object. Groups can be useful when you want
to quickly show several wells in your project because you can show a group with a single
action, otherwise you would need to display each well separately.

Channel A Channel object is a curve with a cross section at each point. You can use a Channel
object for modeling geologic shapes, especially those that are long and meandering with
varying profiles.

2D Grid A 2D Grid object, also called a gridded surface, is a surface defined by an origin point, a
delta-x, a delta-y, and a series of z-values regularly spaced on a grid. A 2D Grid is similar
to a Surface object, except that the distribution of points is in a regular grid pattern. For
more information about 2D Grid objects, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, Chapter 4,
"Creating and Editing Gridded Surfaces (2D-Grids).".

Model3D You can use Model3D objects for building sealed-volume models for velocity modeling.
For more information about Model3d objects, see Part VI: Velocity Modeling,
"Constructing a Model3d" on page 1-2.

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3.2 Selecting Objects When Carrying Out

Commands
GOCAD requires an object to carry out most operations, and you often need to specify
which object or objects you want to include in an operation. For some operations, you
specify the objects in a dialog box. For others, you select objects in the active viewer. In
any case, GOCAD offers many ways to select objects.
For information about carrying out commands for objects, see "Carrying Out Commands"
on page 1-45.
For more information about how to select objects, see:
• "Object preselection," page 3-4
• "Options for selecting objects," page 3-5
• "To select multiple objects from a list," page 3-6
• "To select an object in the active view," page 3-6
• "To select multiple objects in the active view," page 3-6

Object preselection When you initiate an operation that requires a specific type of object or objects, GOCAD
often fills in the object selection for you with an object or objects from your project that
meet the criteria of the operation. For example, for an action that requires a PointsSet
object, if you have only one point set in your project, GOCAD fills in the object selection
with the name of your point set. Of course, you do not have to accept the preselection.
You can select a different object or objects before carrying out the operation.
You can also control the preselection by displaying the appropriate objects in the active
view before you start the operation—GOCAD then fills in the object selection with the
name of the object or objects shown in the viewer.
For some operations, the preselected objects depend on the type and number of objects
displayed in the active view.

Table 3–1 Default object

selections If the operation
And you have this displayed GOCAD automatically preselects this
requires this
Single object of One, multiple, or no objects. The name of the object that is first
any type alphabetically in the project.
Single object of a One, multiple, or no objects of the The name of an object, of the required type,
specific type required type. that is first alphabetically in the project.
– or –
One or multiple objects of a different
type.
One, multiple, or no objects. The name of the object in the project that is
– and – the required type.
Only one object in the project is the
required type.
One or more Only one object. The name of the object shown.
objects of any Multiple objects. The names of all of the objects shown.
type
No objects. The name of an object that is first
alphabetically in the project.
(Continued 1 of 2)

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If the operation
And you have this displayed GOCAD automatically preselects this
requires this
One or more Only one object of the required type. The name of the object of the required type
objects of a that is shown.
specific type Multiple objects of the required type. The names of the objects of the required
type that are shown.
No objects of the required type. The name of an object, of the required type,
that is first alphabetically in the project.
One, multiple, or no objects. The name of the object in the project that is
– and – the required type.
Only one object in the project is the
required type.
(Continued 2 of 2)

Options for selecting The following options are available for selecting objects. In addition to these options, for
objects most operations, you can also type the name of an object or objects in the box (for
information, see "Entering Information from the Keyboard" on page 1-45). And, in dialog
boxes, if you do not select an object before clicking OK or Apply, the cursor changes to a
and you need to select the object or objects in the active view.

Figure 3–1 Object

selection options

Select from List. Select a single object from the list.

Select Multiple from List. Select one or more objects from the list. For more
information, see "To select multiple objects from a list" on page 3-6.

Select All in List. Select all objects in the list.

Pick. Select a single object in the active view. For more information, see "To select
an object in the active view" on page 3-6.

Pick Multiple. Select one or more objects in the active view. For more
information, see "To select multiple objects in the active view" on page 3-6.

More Options. Choose from additional options for selecting objects, including:

• Object Selector. Opens a dialog box in which you can browse and
select an object or objects from the Favorites, Features, or Objects lists.

• Select Shown. Selects the object or objects of the required type that
are displayed in the active view.
Note If the operation requires only one object of a specific type and you have
more than one object of the required type shown, GOCAD selects the object
that is first alphabetically.

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• Set Default Button. Allows you to change the default button from Pick or
Pick Multiple to Object Selector or Select Shown. The button you selected
appears in place of the default button.

Note In workflows, you may see different options such as Next and Previous. You can use these
options to quickly select (or just preview in the active view) the next or previous object from the list
of objects that meet the criteria of the command. For more information, see "Workflow Basics" on
page 5-1.

To select multiple When you initiate an operation that prompts you to select more than one object or value
objects from a list from a list, do one of the following:

♦ If you want to select all the items from the list, click .
– or –

1 If you want to select some, but not all, of the items from the list, click to expand
the list.
2 Press and hold the CTRL or SHIFT key and click the objects or values you want to
select.
– or –
Drag the pointer through the items you want to select.

3 When you have finished selecting items, click to close the list.
GOCAD fills in the object selection with the name of the objects or values you selected.

To select an object in When you initiate an operation that prompts you to select an object in the active view, do
the active view the following:

1 Click or , depending on which is available. The pointer changes to a .

2 Move the pointer into the active view and click an object.
GOCAD fills in the object selection with the name of the object you clicked.

To select multiple When you initiate an operation that prompts you to select more than one object in the
objects in the active active view, do the following:
view
1 Click . The pointer changes to a .
2 Move the pointer into the active view, hold down the CTRL key, and then click the
objects you want to select.
GOCAD fills in the object selection with the name of each object you clicked.

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3.3 Naming Objects
Tip You can quickly rename When you create or rename objects, regions, facies, markers, zones, stratigraphic units, or
an object by clicking the workflows, follow these requirements for naming:
name in the Object Tree and
pressing F2 to type a new • Object names cannot start with a dollar sign ($).
name. For more information,
• Object names cannot be "d", "D", or blank.
see "To rename an object"
on page 3-18. • Object names cannot contain any of the these:

• Asterisk (*) • Slash mark (/)

• Exclamation point (!) • Soft return (line break)
• Hard return (carriage return) • Space
• Period (.) • Special or non-printing characters
• Quotation mark (") • Tab
• Semicolon (;)
In general, you should also avoid naming objects with names that are:
• Object types, such as "Surface," "Curve," or "Map."
• Command names, such as "pick" or "pline."
There is no need to memorize these rules because GOCAD does not allow you to enter
these characters when you create or rename objects.

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3.4 Importing Objects from Projects

If you have objects in other projects, you can import them into your project. You and
other users can use the same object in multiple projects, and you can import objects from
more than one source project. You can import most object types by copying or by
referencing the source objects.
For more information, see:
• "About importing objects from projects," page 3-8
• "Importing objects by reference," page 3-8
• "Editing imported objects and source projects," page 3-8
• "What happens if I try to import a referenced object?," page 3-9
• "To import objects from a project," page 3-9
• "To resolve references to missing projects or objects," page 3-11
You can also import objects from external sources. For information, see "About Importing
Objects from External Sources" on page 3-13.

About importing When you import objects from other projects, you can either copy objects into your
objects from projects project or establish a reference to them in your project. You can also decide whether or
not to bring in linked objects. Linked objects include constraints and boundary objects.
For example, when a stratigraphic grid (SGrid object) is constrained or bounded by
surfaces on the top and bottom, the grid object is considered linked to the two surface
objects.
Note GOCAD can also import objects from GOCAD projects (version 2.0.8 and newer) SKUA
projects. For more information about project version compatibility, see "Compatibility with Other
Paradigm Products" on page 1-60.

Importing objects by When you import objects by reference, you can use them in more than one project
reference without making multiple copies of the objects. GOCAD maintains objects imported by
reference only in the source project. Each time you open your project, GOCAD locates the
source project and reloads the referenced objects. If a source object has been revised,
GOCAD updates the referenced object with the latest version.
Importing by reference also reduces file size because it lets you use the same objects in
several projects without storing multiple copies. For example, you can store wells or a
seismic cube in a unique source project and import them by reference into other projects,
preventing duplication of the well data and seismic volumes and saving large amounts of
disk space.

Editing imported After you import objects from other projects, you can edit and manipulate them as you
objects and source would edit objects created in other ways. However, for objects imported by reference, you
projects can change only the name of the object and the styles for displaying the object, such as
the color of the object. We recommend that you make any other edits to referenced
objects in the source project.
Caution If you import objects by reference, you should be aware of the following:
• If you make modifications other than to the name or display properties of an object
imported by reference (for example, add a property or change the geometry) and you
save the project, GOCAD breaks the reference to the source project and creates a
copy of the object in your project. If you want to reestablish a reference to the
original object, you can delete the object and reimport it from the source project;
however, you will lose any changes you made to the object.

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• If you move or change the name of a source project, GOCAD breaks any references
between the projects because it is unable to locate the referenced objects. To restore
a reference, you can either rename the source project with its original name and path
or you can resolve the reference by updating it to the new path. For information
about how to resolve references, see "To resolve references to missing projects
or objects" on page 3-11.

What happens if I try • Import by copying. Creates a copy of the object in your project.
to import a
referenced object? • Import by reference. Creates a reference to the original object, not to the
referenced object.

Figure 3–2 Importing a Project 1

referenced object by
reference Original Object

C
Import object by

r e re a
fe te
re s a
Creates a
reference

nc
e
reference

Project 2 Import object by Project 3

Referenced Object reference Referenced Object

If you import an object by reference from a project (Project 2 in the figure) and that object
is a referenced object from another project (Project 1), importing creates a reference from
your project (Project 3) to the original object in the source project (Project 1).

To import objects 1 On the File menu, click Import Objects from Project to open the dialog box.
from a project

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2 Find the project that contains the objects that you want to import, select the .gprj,
project, or PROJECT file (or .sprj file for a SKUA project), and then click Open to open
the dialog box.

3 Under Objects, select one or more objects from the list.

4 Under Import Options, select one of these options:
• Copy selected objects and all linked objects. Imports objects by copying the
selected objects and any linked objects into your project. This is the preselected
option.
• Copy selected objects only. Imports objects by copying only the selected
objects into your project. If the selected objects are linked to any other objects in
the source project, GOCAD severs these links in your project.
• Import by reference selected objects only. Imports objects by establishing a
reference to them in your project. If the selected objects are linked to any other
objects in the source project, GOCAD severs these links in your project.
Note When you import objects from GOCAD version 2.0 projects, only the preselected import
option is available. Earlier versions do not support importing only selected objects or importing
by reference. To use one of these options, save the source project as a SKUA or GOCAD version
2.1 or newer project.

5 Click Import. GOCAD imports the objects into your project.

Note If necessary, GOCAD also converts the units of the imported objects to match those of
your project.

6 To continue importing additional objects, do one of the following:

• To import additional objects from this project, repeat step 3 through step 6.
• To import objects from another project, click Close to close the dialog box and
repeat step 1 through step 6.

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7 When you are finished importing objects, click Close to close the dialog box and
return to the project.
The objects you imported appear in the list of objects in the Object Tree.

To resolve references When you open a project that contains objects imported by reference, GOCAD searches
to missing projects for the referenced projects and objects. If it cannot find a project file or an object, the
or objects reference to the missing item becomes unresolved and a dialog box opens.
1 Open the project containing the referenced objects. If there are unresolved
references, the Resolve External References dialog box opens.

The dialog box lists the project and object references in your project. The Status
column shows you which items have unresolved references. Red indicates an
unresolved reference, green indicates a resolved reference, and orange indicates an
ignored reference.
2 To open the project without loading one or more objects, clear the check box next to
the name of the project or objects. The information in the Status column changes to
Ignored next to the affected items. When GOCAD opens the project, it will not load
the ignored objects.

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3 To update the path to a project or object, do the following:

a Right-click an item listed as Unreadable or Missing in the Status column and click
Browse on the shortcut menu. The Select Project Folder dialog box opens.

b Find the project that contains the referenced objects, select the project folder (a
folder ending with .prj), and then click OK to update the path and close the
dialog box.
If you selected the correct project, the information in the Status column changes
to Ok next to the affected project and objects.
If you selected a project that does not contain the referenced objects, the
information in the Status column changes to Missing next to the affected project
and objects.
4 To resolve additional references for Unreadable or Missing items, repeat step 2 or
step 3 as necessary for each unresolved reference.
5 If you are finished resolving references, click OK to close the dialog box and open the
project. GOCAD loads the references to the resolved objects and opens the project.
Note To permanently update the references in the project, save the project. The next time you open
the project, GOCAD finds the referenced projects and objects and open normally.

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3.5 About Importing Objects from External
Sources
You can import objects and data files from external sources into GOCAD projects. GOCAD
includes converters for importing from numerous file formats—for example, you can
import data from consortium and research groups, professional societies in geophysics
and petroleum engineering, other software products, and raw data files. By using import
commands, you can create objects, change objects by overwriting them, or add or
overwrite property data associated with objects.
For more information about importing objects, see Part II: Data Import and Export,
Chapter 1, "Importing Data."

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3.6 Loading an Object from a Data File

If you saved any objects as data files (see "Saving Objects as Files" on page 3-15), you can
load these objects into your projects.

To load an object
1 On the File menu, click Load Objects, or on the Main toolbar, click .
from a data file

Tip You can filter your files by object type by selecting one of the types listed in the File type
box, such as .ts for Surface objects or .vo for Voxet objects.

2 Find and open the folder that contains one or more object files that you want to load.
3 Select one or more files.
4 If you have selected all the files that you want to load, click Open.
GOCAD 2009 loads the files into the active project.
Tip Even if you have mislabeled a file name, GOCAD loads the object correctly by reading the
object type specified in the file.

5 If you have additional files that you want to load from another folder, do the
following:
a Click Apply.
b Repeat step 2 through step 5 until you have loaded all of the files, and when you
finish, click Open or Cancel to close the dialog box.
The objects you loaded appear in the list of objects in the Object Tree.

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3.7 Saving Objects as Files
When you save an object using the Save Objects command, GOCAD creates a new data
file or writes over an existing file, saving any changes to the object. GOCAD also specifies
the file name in the form ObjectName.ObjectType , and saves the file in the default folder
for objects and projects (see "To change the folder for temporary files" on page 1-52).
When you save an object using the Save Objects As command, you specify the file name
and path to save the object.
You can choose:
• "To save objects with the default name and path," page 3-15
• "To save objects with a new name or path," page 3-15

To save objects with 1 On the File menu, click Save Objects to open the dialog box.
the default name
and path

2 In the Object box, enter the name of one or more objects you want to save.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
Note If a file already exists, GOCAD displays a message, requesting confirmation to overwrite
the object. To continue saving the object, click Yes.

GOCAD saves each object in a separate file.

Tip To find out where GOCAD saves objects, look in Preferences (on the menu bar, click the Edit
menu, and then click Preferences).

To save objects with a 1 On the File menu, click Save Objects As to open the dialog box.
new name or path

2 Find and open the folder in which you want to save objects.
3 In the File name box, enter a name for the file. You can also include a file name
extension (for example, .pl for a Curve, .ts for a Surface, or .vo for a Voxet).

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4 In the Objects to save box, enter the name of one or more objects you want to save.
Note GOCAD saves all the objects you select in one file.

5 If you are saving Well Group, SGrid, or Voxet objects and you want to specify optional
settings for the output files, do the following:
a Click Options to open the dialog box.

Note Only the options applicable to the object you are saving are available, and GOCAD
restores the defaults each time you close the Save Objects As dialog box.

b Select options for formatting object files:

• SGrid properties in a separate ASCII file. Saves an SGrid object file and a
separate ASCII file containing the position, properties, and flags associated
with the stratigraphic grid. Otherwise, GOCAD saves the SGrid object file
and three binary files, one for the position, properties, and flags associated
with the stratigraphic grid.
• Voxet properties in a separate ASCII file. Saves a Voxet object file and a
separate ASCII file containing the properties. Otherwise, GOCAD saves the
Voxet object file and a separate binary file for each property.
• Logs with Well in an ASCII file. Saves a Well object and all the associated
curves together in one ASCII file. Otherwise, GOCAD saves a Well object file
for every well and a separate binary file for every associated curve.
• Separate binary file for Well-Group logs. Saves a Well object file for every
well and a single binary file containing all the curves associated with the well
group. Otherwise, GOCAD saves a Well object file for every well and one
binary file for every curve associated with the Well group.
• Grouped objects in separate files. Saves each object associated with the
group into a separate file. Otherwise, GOCAD saves all the objects in a group
into one file.
c Click Close to return to the Save Objects As dialog box.
6 Click Save.
Note If the file already exists, GOCAD displays a message, requesting confirmation to
overwrite the file. To continue saving the object, click Yes.

GOCAD saves the object with the file name and path you specified.

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3.8 Saving Selected Objects as a New Project
You can select specific objects in a project and save them as a new project by using the
Save Selections as New Project command. When you save the selected objects as a
project, you need to specify the file name and path to save the project.

To save your 1 In the Object Tree, select the objects that you want included in the new project.
selections as a new
2 On the File menu, click Save Selections as New Project.
project

3 Browse to the folder location and in the File name box, type the new project’s name.
4 In the Objects to save box, ensure the objects you selected in step 1 are listed. Click
to make any changes.
5 Select the Save linked objects check box if your selections include constraints and
boundary objects. For example, when a stratigraphic grid is constrained or bounded
by surfaces on the top and bottom, the grid object is considered linked to the two
surface objects.
6 Click Save to create the new project and close the window.
Note If linked objects are part of the project, a message prompts you with a list of the linked
objects saved in the new project. Click OK to close the message box.

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3.9 Renaming, Copying, and Deleting

Objects
In the Object Tree, you can easily rename, copy, or delete an object. You can also perform
each of these operations using the Edit menu, which includes an additional command to
delete all objects.
For information, see:
• "To rename an object," page 3-18
• "To copy an object," page 3-18
• "To quickly delete an object without confirmation," page 3-18
• "To delete an object," page 3-19
• "To delete all objects," page 3-19

To rename an object 1 In the Object Tree, do either of the following:

• Click the name of the object that you want to rename, press F2.
• Right-click the name of the object, and then click Rename.
2 In the Rename Object dialog box, type a name in the New name box.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To copy an object 1 In the Object Tree, right-click the object you want to copy, and then click Copy in the
shortcut menu to open the Copy Objects dialog box.
2 Type a name for the new object in the Name box.
3 If you want to copy the properties of the selected object, select Copy properties.
4 If you want to copy the regions associated with the selected object, select Copy
regions.
5 If you want to copy the style, points, or constraints associated with the selected
object, click Advanced to expand the dialog box, and then select or clear these
options:
• Copy style. Copies the style of the selected object.
• Copy points. Copies the points associated with the selected object.
• Copy constraints. Copies the constraints associated with the selected object.
6 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To quickly delete an To delete a single object immediately without a prompt for confirmation, do the
object without following:
confirmation
♦ Click the name of the object in the Object Tree, and then press SHIFT+DELETE.
GOCAD deletes the selected object from the project.

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To delete an object 1 Do one of the following to delete an object:
• In the Object Tree, right-click the object that you want to delete, and then click
Delete.

• On the Main toolbar, click Delete Objects .

2 In the Delete Objects dialog box, enter the name of the object or objects that you
want to delete in the Object box.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
GOCAD deletes the selected object or objects from the project.

To delete all objects 1 Click the Edit menu, and then click Delete All.
2 When prompted to confirm that you want to delete all objects, click OK.
GOCAD deletes all objects from the project.

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3.10 Searching for Objects

GOCAD 2009 offers many ways to help you find objects: You can use wildcard matching
and the rules of Regular Expression matching to find objects, find and replace object and
property names, display objects from your search results, and export text lists of your
searches.
For information about how to search for objects and use your search results, see:
• "Using search results," page 3-20
• "To search for objects," page 3-21
• "To use wildcards to search for objects," page 3-23
• "To get information about objects," page 3-25
• "To sort search results," page 3-24
• "To show grid lines in search results," page 3-25
• "To display search results in the 3D Viewer," page 3-25
• "To switch the display of search results to another view," page 3-25
• "To open another search window," page 3-26
• "To export search results to an ASCII file," page 3-26
• "To find objects within the current results," page 3-26
Note You can also search for wells by using the Search for Wells command, which
includes more options specific to wells. For more information, see "Searching for Wells"
on page 3-29.

Using search results After you search for objects, you can drag objects from the search results into the
Object Tree to create and edit objects, and organize your Favorites list. You can display
objects by dragging them into the 3D Viewer. You can also get information about
specific objects—for example, the number of points, triangles, parts, and borders that
make up a surface.

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To search for objects 1 On the View menu, click New Search Window to open the window.
– or –

On the Main toolbar, click Search for Objects to open the window.

The Search for Objects window contains a panel in the upper left where you enter
search conditions, an Object information area in the lower left where properties of
the objects you select are displayed, and a results pane to the right where occurrences
found by your search are listed.
2 In the left panel, enter one or more search criteria:
• In the Name box, type a partial or complete name for objects you want to search
for.
• In the Type box, select the type of objects you want to search for.

• In the Property box, type a partial or complete name for the object property you
want to search for.
• In the Region box, type a partial or complete name for the region you want to
search for.
Note For information about using text strings or character matching in searches, see "To use
wildcards to search for objects" on page 3-23.

3 To specify where to look for objects, select one of the following in the Look in box:
• Objects. Searches objects in the current project.

• Favorite Objects. Searches all the folders in your Favorites list.

• Browse. Opens a dialog box in which you select a specific folder in your Favorites
list to search.

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4 To look for objects in the time or depth domain, do the following:

a Click Search for Time or Depth objects to expand the dialog box.

b Click either Time to look for objects whose measurements along the z-axis are in
time units (milliseconds or seconds) or Depth to look for objects whose
measurements along the z-axis are in depth units (meters or feet).
5 To look for objects that were created or modified on or between specific dates, do the
following:
a Click Search using date to expand the dialog box.

b Click one of the options:

• Within the last week. Searches for objects created or modified during the
past 7 days.
• Past month. Searches for objects created or modified during the past 30
days.
• Specify dates. Searches for objects created or modified during a range of
dates you specify.
c If you clicked Specify dates, enter the dates of your search in the From and To
boxes.
Note If you search by date, GOCAD will not find objects that were created with GOCAD
version 2.0 or earlier because these objects do not include date information.

6 To specify additional search criteria, do the following:

a Click Advanced options to expand the dialog box.

b Select the check box for each advanced option you want to use:
• Match case. Distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase characters.
GOCAD searches for only those instances in which the capitalization matches
the text you typed.
• Regular Expression. Applies the rules of Regular Expression wildcards to the
text you enter as search criteria. If you clear this check box, GOCAD applies
the rules of standard wildcard matching.

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Note GOCAD provides several options for Regular Expression wildcard searches. For
information about how to perform wildcard searches, see "To use wildcards to search
for objects" on page 3-23.

• Match whole word only. Searches for occurrences that are whole words
and not part of a larger word.
7 When you finish entering search criteria, click Search Now.
GOCAD displays the search results in the right pane of the dialog box.
Note If you select one of the objects in the search results (click the object to highlight it), you can
see information about the object in the Object information area on the left side.

To use wildcards to When you search for objects, you can search using partial words, strings of characters,
search for objects wildcard characters, and Regular Expression wildcards.
1 To use standard wildcard matching for one or more of the search criteria, type a
wildcard character and any additional text in the search criteria box:

To search for Type 1 Example

0 or more matches * f*t finds objects containing a string of characters such as fit, fpot,
and ft .
Any character ? bo? finds objects containing "bo" followed by one or more
characters, such as bore_points , bot , and bottom_surf .
Sets of characters [ xx ] [lr]ate finds objects containing a string of characters such as late
and rate .

1. xx represents any one or more characters you type.

Note If you select a wildcard from the list rather than typing it, GOCAD automatically applies
the rules of Regular Expression wildcards. However, if you clear the Regular Expression check
box in the Advanced area, GOCAD applies standard wildcard matching.

2 To use Regular Expression wildcards for one or more of the search criteria, click Select
Wildcard next to one of the search criteria boxes, click a wildcard option, and
then type any additional text in the box:

To search for Enter1 Example

Any character Period (.) bo. finds objects containing "bo" followed by
one or more characters, such as
topbore_points, bot, and bottom_surf.

Character in Characters within [lr]ate finds objects containing a string of

range brackets ([ xx]) characters such as late and rate .

Character not Caret followed by [^lr]ate finds objects containing a string of

in range characters, all characters such as date and fate, but not rate
within brackets or late .
([^xx])

Beginning of Caret followed by ^dim finds objects beginning with "dim",

name characters (^xx ) such as dim_surf and dimfit_curv.

(Continued 1 of 2)

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To search for Enter1 Example

End of name Characters curv$ finds objects that end with "curv", such
followed by as digi_curv and rgf_curv.
dollar sign (xx $)

0 or more Asterisk (*) f*t finds objects containing a string of

matches characters such as fit, fpot , and ft .

1 or more Plus sign (+) f+t finds objects containing a string of

matches characters such as fit and fpot, but not ft.

(Continued 2 of 2)

1. xx represents any one or more characters you type.

GOCAD automatically applies the rules of Regular Expression wildcards to the text in
the search criteria boxes.
3 When you finish entering search criteria, click Search Now.
Note For more information about entering search criteria, see "To search for objects" on
page 3-21.
The search results appear in the right pane of the Search for Objects window.

To sort search results After you search for objects in the Search for Objects window, do the following:
Tip Clicking the same ♦ In the list of search results, click a column heading—such as Object Name, Type,
column heading again
reverses the sort order from
Property, Region, or Date Modified—to sort by that column.
ascending to descending or – or –
vice versa. Clicking 1 To sort by more than one criteria, on the Tools menu, click Sort to open the dialog
cycles through sort orders in box.
each column sequentially.

Note The choices for multi-criteria sorting include object name, object type, property, and
region name.
2 Under Sort by, select the first sort criteria.
3 Under Then by and And then by, select additional sort criteria.
4 Select the Ascending check box as necessary for each search criteria. Otherwise, the
results appear in descending order.
5 Click Sort.
GOCAD sorts the objects in your search results first by the criteria in the Sort by box and
then by the additional criteria in sequence.

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To show grid lines in ♦ After you search for objects in the Search for Objects window, click the
search results Preferences menu, and then select the Show Grid check box.
Grid lines appear in the right pane of the window, separating objects and properties in
rows and columns.

To get information After you search for objects in the Search for Objects window, click an object in the
about objects search results pane. GOCAD displays information about the object in the Object
information area on the left side. For example:

To display search After you search for objects in the Search for Objects window, do one of the following:
results in the
3D Viewer ♦ To display only one object, select the check box next to the name of the object in the
search results pane.
– or –
To display one or more objects from the search results, highlight to select the objects
in the search results pane and drag them into the 3D Viewer.
– or –
To display several objects from the search results, highlight to select the objects in the
search results pane, right-click one of these object names, and then click Show on
the shortcut menu.
Note This method works only if you highlight more than one object type.

GOCAD displays the objects in the 3D Viewer.

Note To show the objects in another view, see "To switch the display of search results to another
view" on page 3-25.

To switch the display 1 After you search for objects in the Search for Objects window, click the
of search results to Preferences menu, and then click Change 3D Viewer to open the dialog box.
another view

2 In the Choose a Camera box, select another view from the list.
3 Click Close to close the dialog box.
Now, if you display objects from the search results pane, GOCAD displays them in the
view you selected.

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To open another With one search window open, you can open another one by doing the following:
search window
♦ On the View menu, click New Search Window .

– or –

On the Main toolbar, click Search for Objects .

GOCAD opens another search window and maintains your search results in the first
window.

To export search 1 In the Search for Objects window, click the File menu, and then click Export to
results to an ASCII file ASCII to open the Save As dialog box.
2 Find and open the folder you want to save the file in.
3 In the File name box, enter a name and an extension for the file.
4 Click Save.
GOCAD saves the file with the path and file name you specified. The data format consists
of each object on a new line with the object name, object type, property, and region
name separated by semicolons (;).

To find objects within After you search for objects, you can use the Find command to refine your searches by
the current results finding objects within the current search results. You can also use the Find command to
search for objects by feature name.
1 In the Search for Objects window, click the Tools menu, and then click Find to open
the dialog box.

2 In the Find box, type a partial or complete name for the object, property, region, or
feature you want to find.
3 Under Look in, click an option to define the scope of your search:
• Entire object tree. Performs a new search on all objects in your project.

• Previous search. Restricts the search to the contents of the results pane of the
Search for Objects window.

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• Selected objects. Searches only within the items you highlight to select in the
results pane of the Search for Objects window.
4 Select or clear these search constraints:
• Match case. Distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase characters.
GOCAD searches for only those occurrences in which the capitalization matches
the text you typed.
• Match whole word only. Searches for occurrences that are whole words and
not part of a larger word.
5 Under Find in, select or clear additional search criteria:
• Object Name. Searches the names of objects for the text you typed.
• Property Name. Searches for objects with a property matching the text you
typed.
• Region Name. Searches the names of regions for the text you typed.

• Feature Name. Searches for objects designated with the feature matching the
text you typed.
6 Click Find. GOCAD searches based on the criteria you entered and finds all
occurrences that match the text you typed.
7 When you finish, click Close to close the dialog box.

To find and replace 1 In the Search for Objects window, click the Tools menu, and then click Find and
text in object, Replace to open the dialog box.
property, or region
names

2 In the Find box, type the text you want to search for in object, property or region
names.
3 In the Replace with box, type the replacement text.
4 Define the search criteria. (See step 3 through step 5 in "To find and replace text in
object, property, or region names" on page 3-27.)
5 Click Find. GOCAD searches based on the criteria you entered and finds all
occurrences that match the text you typed.

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6 To replace occurrences, do one of the following:

• To replace all occurrences, click Replace All. GOCAD replaces every occurrence
of the text you typed with the replacement text you specified.
• To replace one or more occurrences, but not all, highlight to select them in the
results list and click Replace. GOCAD replaces only the occurrences you selected
with the replacement text you specified.
7 When you finish, click Close to close the dialog box.

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3.11 Searching for Wells
You can quickly find wells by using Search for Wells on the Main toolbar. This
command creates a table that lists all the wells in your project. For an example, see
Figure 3–3. You can then find wells of interest by filtering the results according to column
data in the table (well name, maximum depth, existing markers, and so on). For an
example, see Figure 3–4 where the results are filtered to list only the wells that have
GoodSand in the Logs column.
The principle used in this feature is similar to the AutoFilter feature in Microsoft Excel.

Figure 3–3 Search for

Wells window

Figure 3–4 Filter results by GoodSand log

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You can create a custom AutoFilter to find wells according to specific criteria in each
column, such as:
• Values within a range. For example, find all wells that have KB elevations between 55
and 125.
• Values outside a range. For example, find all wells that have marker modification
dates earlier than December 12, 2007 but not later than March 11, 2006.
• Values equal to or not equal to another value. For example, find all wells that are in
the A1 region but not the A2 region.
• Specific text that is part of other text. For example, find all wells that have production
data that contains the text WI.
• Wells that are inside or outside polygons. For example, find all wells within a lease
boundary.
You can also use the custom AutoFilter in these columns to filter the results:
• In the Layers column, find all wells that are within a specific layer.

• In the Production Data column, find all Producer and Injector wells.
• In the Zones column, find all wells that reach a specific zone according to fluid type
(oil, gas, water).
You can also simply select an item in the AutoFilter list. For example, select Vertical or
Horizontal in the Orientation column to show only vertical or horizontal wells.
After you find the wells, you can:
• Use the Display in Camera command in the Search for Wells window to instantly
display the wells in the 3D Viewer.
• Add the wells to a folder in your Favorites list.
• Save the search criteria for future use.
You can also perform find and replace operations like the ones available in the Search for
Objects window (for more information about the Search for Objects window, see
"Searching for Objects" on page 3-20).
For information about how to search for wells, see:
• "Performing the Well Search and Filtering the Results," page 3-31
• "Adding, Removing, and Reordering Columns," page 3-32
• "Using a Text Search to Find Wells," page 3-33
• "Finding and Replacing Text in Well Information," page 3-33
• "Performing a Custom AutoFilter Search," page 3-33
• "Working with the Results and Saving the Search Criteria," page 3-40

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3.11.1 Performing the Well Search and Filtering the
Results
This topic describes how to get started searching for wells and how to filter the results to
quickly find wells according to specific criteria. You can filter the results by using the
AutoFilter in the first row of the results table. When you click one of the boxes in the
AutoFilter row, you can select from a list. This list contains each of the items in the column
in alphabetical of numerical order. You can choose an item to list only the wells that have
that item.
After you filter one or more columns, you can focus on more specific information by
filtering on another column. You can filter as many columns as you want. All you need to
do is click the arrow next to any heading in any column and select an item in the list to
apply a filter.
For information about how to search and filter the results, see:
• "To search for wells and filter or sort the results," page 3-31
• "To remove a filter from a column," page 3-32

To search for wells ♦ On the View menu, click New Well Search Window to open the window.
and filter or sort the
results – or –

On the Main toolbar, click Search for Wells to open the window.

Tip You can see multiple

results by opening more
than one Search for Wells
window.

The table lists all wells in the current project.

Tip For information about 8 To sort the list in either alphabetical or numerical order, click a column heading. For
organizing the columns, see example, click the heading in the Markers column to sort the list in alphabetical
"Adding, Removing, and order according to marker names.
Reordering Columns" on
page 3-32. 9 To filter the results according to column data, click one of the boxes in the first row
and then select an existing item or one of these options:
Note Some options do not apply to some columns.

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• Custom. Opens a Custom AutoFilter dialog box for defining a custom filter to
find items with criteria such as values within a range. For information about how
to use a custom AutoFilter, see "Performing a Custom AutoFilter Search" on
page 3-33.
• Undefined. Lists wells that have objects that do not have an entry. For example,
if you select Undefined in the Logs column, all wells that do not have a log
appear in the results. All defined objects are excluded from the results.
• Defined. Lists only wells that have an entry for the object. For example, if you
select Defined in the AutoFilter in the Marker Stratigraphic column, only
wells that have a stratigraphic marker appear in the results. All undefined objects
are excluded from the results.
10 If you want to further refine your search, repeat step 9 to filter on other columns.

To remove a filter ♦ In the column where you applied the filter, click the AutoFilter arrow , and then
from a column select All.

3.11.2 Adding, Removing, and Reordering Columns

In the Search for Wells window, you can add or remove columns in the results table so
that only the information that you want to see is displayed. You can also rearrange the
order of the columns.
For information about how to organize the results table, see:
• "To add or remove columns in the results table," page 3-32
• "To reorder the columns," page 3-33

To add or remove 1 In the Search for Wells window, click the Edit menu, and then click Edit Columns
columns in the results to open the Columns Editor.
table

2 Hold down the CTRL or SHIFT key and click the columns that you want to appear in
the results table.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

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To reorder the ♦ In the Search for Wells window, hold down CTRL and drag the column in the results
columns table to the new position.

3.11.3 Using a Text Search to Find Wells

You can search for specific text in the well, property (log), region, or feature names. You
can also refine a previous search by finding wells within the current search results or in
wells selected in the search results table.

To find wells by 1 In the Search for Wells window, click the Edit menu, and then click Find to open
performing a text the Find dialog box.
search 2 Specify the search criteria. For more information, see "To find objects within the
current results" on page 3-26.
GOCAD searches based on the criteria you entered and finds all occurrences that match
the text you typed. The results table in the Search for Wells window lists the wells that
meet the criteria.

3.11.4 Finding and Replacing Text in Well

Information
You can find and replace text in well, property (log), or region names.

To find and replace 1 In the Search for Wells window, click the Edit menu, and then click Find and
text in well, property Replace to open the Find and Replace dialog box.
(log), or region names 2 Specify the characters that you want to find and replace, and then define the search
criteria. For more information, see "To find and replace text in object, property, or
region names" on page 3-27.

3.11.5 Performing a Custom AutoFilter Search

When you filter the results table by selecting an item in the AutoFilter list, you hide all
wells except for the ones that meet the search criteria. If you want to see wells that meet
more than one condition in a column, use the custom AutoFilter. For example, Figure 3–5
shows a custom AutoFilter for listing wells with a maximum depth greater than 10,000
feet. Figure 3–6 shows the results in the Search for Wells window. The table displays
only wells with a maximum depth greater than 10,000 feet.

Figure 3–5 Custom

AutoFilter example for
maximum depth

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Figure 3–6 Custom

AutoFilter Results
Example

For information about how to use the custom AutoFilter in a column, see:
• "Finding Wells According to Text Matching," page 3-34
• "Finding Wells According to Depth Values," page 3-35
• "Finding or Excluding Wells with Specific Markers," page 3-36
• "Finding Wells According to Marker Status," page 3-37
• "Finding Wells According to the Marker Modification Date," page 3-38
• "Finding Wells Inside or Outside Polygons," page 3-39
Note A custom AutoFilter is not available in the Orientation, Domain, and Path columns.

Finding Wells According to Text Matching

You can find wells based on whether column data contains or excludes specific text. For
example, you can find all the wells that have Dev as part of the well name such as
DevWell24—to do this, use equals as the operator and type Dev in the box. You can find
wells that do not contain specific text such as Prod—to do this, use the does not contain
operator and type Prod in the box.
The text search applies to these columns: Well Name, Logs, Regions, Markers,
Markers Status, Markers Stratigraphic Column, Markers Interpreter, Zones, Layers,
or Production Data.

To find or exclude 1 In the Search for Wells window, click one of the boxes in the first row in an
wells that contain applicable column, and then select Custom to open the dialog box.
specific text in a
column

2 In the box on the left, select one of the operators: equals, does not equal, begins
with, does not begin with, ends with, does not end with, contains, does not
contain.

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3 In the box on the right, enter the text you want to find or exclude. To find or exclude
text values that share some characters but not others, use a wildcard character (see
"To use wildcards to search for objects" on page 3-23).
4 To add another criteria, click And or Or, and repeat the previous step.
5 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
The results table lists the wells that meet the criteria.

Finding Wells According to Depth Values

You can find wells based on whether their depths exceed, are less than, or equal a certain
value. For example, you can find all wells whose depths are greater than or equal to
10,000 feet but less than 20,000 feet.

To find or exclude 1 In the Search for Wells window, click the box in the first row of the Maximum
wells according to Depth or KB column, and then select Custom to open the Custom AutoFilter
maximum depth or dialog box.
KB values

2 In the box on the left, select one of the operators:

• equals

• does not equal

• begins with
• is greater than

• is greater than or equal

• is less than

• is less than or equal

3 In the box on the right, type the numbers you want to find. To find values that share
some characters but not others, use a wildcard character (see "To use wildcards to
search for objects" on page 3-23).
4 To add another criteria, click And or Or, and repeat the previous step.
5 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
The results table lists the wells that meet the criteria.

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Finding or Excluding Wells with Specific Markers

You can find wells based on whether they have specific markers associated with them. For
example, you can find all wells that have an association with markers named Top and
Base. You can also find wells according to characters within the marker name.

To find or exclude 1 In the Search for Wells window, click the box in the first row of the Markers
wells with specific column, and then select Custom to open the Custom AutoFilter dialog box.
markers 2 If you want to find a marker according to characters in the marker name, click the
General tab, and then follow the steps in "Finding Wells According to Text
Matching" on page 3-34.
3 If you want to find or exclude wells with one or more specific markers, click the
Marker Specific tab.

4 Click a combination of these options:

• Wells with. Finds wells that have the markers you specify.
• All the selected well markers. Finds only wells that have all of the markers
you specify but may contain other markers.
• At least one of the selected well markers. Finds only wells that have at
least one of the markers you specify but may contain other markers.
• Only the selected well markers. Finds only wells that have the markers you
specify and do not include other markers.
• Wells without. Finds wells that do not have the markers you specify. The results
are the opposite of the Wells with option.
• All the selected well markers. Finds only wells that do not have all of the
markers you specify but may contain other markers.
• At least one of the selected well markers. Finds only wells that do not
have at least one of the markers you specify but may contain other markers.
• Only the selected well markers. Finds wells that do not have all the
selected markers or if the well contains a marker that is not selected.
5 In the box on the right, select one or more markers to use as search criteria.
6 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
The results table lists the wells that meet the criteria.

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Finding Wells According to Marker Status
You can find wells based on whether a well marker that corresponds to a geologic feature
or has a specific well marker status. For example, you can find all wells that have a marker
for a horizon that is eroded.
You can choose one or more features and one or more marker status types. The list of
features contains only the features that are in the stratigraphic column applied to the
wells.
Important This well search procedure works only if a stratigraphic column has been
applied to the wells. For more information, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "Building
and Working with Stratigraphic Columns" on page 10-15.

To find or exclude 1 In the Search for Wells window, click the box in the first row of the Marker Status
wells according to column, and then select Custom to open the dialog box.
marker status

2 In the Features box, select Any or individually select the features that correspond to
well markers and are in the stratigraphic column that is applied to the wells (see
Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "Creating a Stratigraphic Column" on page 10-18).
3 In the Status box, enter one or more of the marker status types: Unpicked, Eroded,
Baselap, Unreached, FaultedOut, Unknown, Present, or Multiple. For
information about marker status, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "Analyzing Well
Markers and Stratigraphic Units" on page 10-26.
4 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
The results table lists the wells that meet the criteria.

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Finding Wells According to the Marker Modification Date

You can find wells according to the date one or more of their markers were modified. You
can narrow the results to find wells that have specific markers and specific dates—this
includes options to find well markers modified within the last week or month.
Note This search does not apply to wells with markers that were created with GOCAD version 2.0
or earlier because they do not include date information.

To find wells 1 In the Search for Wells window, click the box in the first row of the Markers Last
according to marker Date of Editing column, and then select Custom to open the dialog box.
modification date

2 In the Markers box, enter one or more marker names.

3 Click one of the options:
• Within the last week. Searches for wells whose specified markers were created
or modified during the last 7 days.
• Within the last month. Searches for wells whose specified markers were
created or modified during the last 30 days.
• Specify date. Searches for wells whose specified markers were created or
modified during a range of dates you specify.
4 If you clicked Specify dates, enter the dates of your search in the From and To
boxes.
5 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
The results table lists the wells that meet the criteria.

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Finding Wells Inside or Outside Polygons
You can use the custom AutoFilter in the Inside Polygons column to find wells based on
whether the well is contained within or is outside one or more polygons. You can use
existing polygons (closed Curve objects) or draw a new polygon in the 3D Viewer to
perform the search.
These are key points to remember when using the polygon custom AutoFilter:
• Only closed parts of polygons are used to find the wells.

• You can find wells that are either inside polygons or outside polygons, but not both at
the same time.
• You can use existing polygons to find wells or draw a new polygon in the 3D Viewer.
Drawing a polygon creates a Curve object.
• A well is found if any portion of the well path is inside or outside the polygon
(depending on whether you selected Inside Polygon or Outside Polygon in the
Custom AutoFilter dialog box). For example, if you select a polygon in the Inside
polygon box and the bottomhole location of a horizontal well is within the polygon
but the wellhead is not, the well is still found and listed in the results table. For more
information about well paths, see Part XI: Drilling Planner , "Points on the Well Path"
on page 1-13.
• If you select more than one polygon, all wells in any of the polygons are found and
listed in the results table (if you selected Inside Polygon in the Custom AutoFilter
dialog box). Conversely, if you selected polygons in the Outside Polygon box, all
wells located outside the polygons are found and listed in the results table.

To find wells 1 In the Search for Wells window, click the box in the first row of the Inside
contained within or Polygons column, and then select Custom to open the dialog box.
outside polygons

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2 If needed, draw a new polygon:

a Display any objects in the 3D Viewer that you want to use as a reference
location for the polygon. On the Camera Snapshot and Options toolbar, select
Perspective/Parallel View and on the Camera View toolbar, select View

from Top .
b In the named box, type a name for the new polygon. If the name already exists,
the command adds an underscore and number to the end of the name (for
example, polygon _0, polygon_1, and so on).

c Click Draw New Polygon , and then digitize the polygon in the 3D Viewer
in the location you want to find wells:
• Move the pointer into the 3D Viewer and click where you want the polygon
to start.
• Click to digitize each successive polygon point.

• To finish the polygon and end digitization, right-click the last point.
3 In the Select polygons to be used as filters box, enter one or more of the polygons
to list them in the Inside polygon and Outside polygon boxes.
4 In either the Inside polygon or Outside polygon box, select one or more of the
polygons for the search.
5 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
The results table lists the wells that meet the criteria.

3.11.6 Working with the Results and Saving the

Search Criteria
After you find the wells, you can work with the results and save the search criteria so that
you can quickly perform the search in your next session.
For information about how to work with the results, see:
• "To display all search results in the 3D Viewer," page 3-40
• "To add the search results to your Favorites list," page 3-41
• "To save queries," page 3-41
• "To load queries," page 3-41

To display all search You can instantly display the search results in the 3D Viewer.
results in the
1 Search for wells as described in "Performing the Well Search and Filtering the
3D Viewer Results" on page 3-31 and "Performing a Custom AutoFilter Search" on page 3-33.
to list the wells in the results table.
2 In the Search for Wells window File menu, click Display in Camera to show the
wells in the 3D Viewer.

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To add the search You can add the wells listed in the Search for Wells window to your Favorites list (for
results to your information about the Favorites list, see "Favorites" on page 1-24).
Favorites list 1 In the Search for Wells window, select the wells in the search results table that you
want to add to a folder in your Favorites list.
2 On the File menu, click Add to Favorites to open the Favorites Folder Selector.

3 If you want to create a new Favorites folder, click to open the New folder name
dialog box, type the name, and then click OK.
4 Select the destination folder in Favorites, and then click OK.

To save queries You can save your search criteria in a file so that you can load it later to quickly show the
results (for information about how to load queries, see "To load queries" on page 3-41).
1 In the Search for Wells window, click the File menu, and then click Save Query to
open the Save As dialog box.
2 Select the folder and type the file name.
3 Click Save to save the query to an XML file and close the dialog box.
4 Click OK to close the confirmation dialog box.

To load queries You can load the search criteria that you saved in previous sessions to quickly find the
wells that you want to see (for information about how to save queries, see "To save
queries" on page 3-41).
1 In the Search for Wells window, click the File menu, and then click Load Query to
open the Open dialog box.
2 Select the folder and file name.
3 Click Open to load the results into the table. The wells that you see listed in the table
are derived from the search criteria stored in the query file.
4 Click OK to close the confirmation dialog box.

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3.12 Organizing Objects in Your Favorites List

Organizing your objects under the Favorites category is an alternative method to
categorizing objects with groups. When you add objects to a Group object, they are no
longer accessible as individual objects in the Object Tree. However, by creating favorites,
you create a link to the original objects, not duplicates of the objects in memory or on
disk. The original objects remain available in the Objects category, and you can use the
object in your Favorites list as many times as you want.
For information about how to organize objects in the Favorites list, see:
• "To create a folder in the Favorites list," page 3-42
• "To create a subfolder in the Favorites list," page 3-42
• "To delete a folder or subfolder in the Favorites list," page 3-42
• "To rename a folder," page 3-42
• "To add one or more objects to the Favorites list," page 3-42
• "To move a folder or object in the Favorites list," page 3-42
• "To remove an object from the Favorites list," page 3-42

To create a folder in ♦ In the Object Tree, right-click the Favorites category, click Add Folder, type a
the Favorites list descriptive name for the folder, and then press ENTER.
Note Folder names cannot contain spaces, and no two folders at the same level can have the
same name.

To create a subfolder ♦ In the Object Tree, right-click an existing folder under the Favorites category, click
in the Favorites list Add Folder, type a descriptive name for the folder, and then press ENTER.

To delete a folder or ♦ In the Object Tree, right-click the folder that you want to delete, and then click
subfolder in the Delete Folder.
Favorites list
Note Deleting a folder from the Favorites list also removes any objects in the folder, but does
not delete the objects from your project.

To rename a folder ♦ In the Object Tree, right-click the name of the folder that you want to rename, click
Rename Folder, and type a new name, and then press ENTER.

To add one or ♦ In the Object Tree, select the name of one or more objects under Objects (or from
more objects to the the Find Objects dialog box) and drag them to the Favorites category or a folder
Favorites list under Favorites.

To move a folder In the Object Tree, select the folder or object that you want to move and drag it to a new
or object in the folder under Favorites.
Favorites list

To remove an object ♦ In the Object Tree, right-click the name of the object that you want to remove (a
from the Favorites list shortcut menu opens), and then click Remove from Favorites.
GOCAD removes the object from the Favorites list without deleting the object from the
project.
Caution Right-clicking an object in the Favorites list and clicking Delete, deletes the
object from the project—the object is no longer available in the project.

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3.13 About Exporting Objects
You can export objects from GOCAD to other formats. For example:

You can export To this format

2D Grid FastEdit, IRAP, ZMap
Cross Section DXF
Curve DXF, IRAP
PointsSet DXF, FastEdit, Excel
SGrids Eclipse ASCII, Eclipse Binary, RESCUE, VIP
Surface DXF, FastEdit, IRAP
Voxet VoxelGeo, SEGY, SEP
Wells IRAP

You can also export properties and other items associated with objects. For example:

• Curve Fault Polygons • Curve Properties

• 2D Grid Properties • Voxet Properties
• 2D Grid and intersecting wells • Stratigraphic Grid Fault Facies
• 2D Grid Fault Transmissibility • SGrid Properties
• Well Markers • Well Curves
• Well Properties
For more information about exporting objects, see Part II: Data Import and Export,
Chapter 2, "Exporting Data."

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Sharing Data with Epos
Applications

In this chapter • "What Is Epos Link?," page 4-2 • "Exporting Data for Use in Epos
Applications," page 4-16
• "Importing Data from Epos
Applications," page 4-3

Overview If you are using Paradigm™ GOCAD ® 2009 in a Linux environment and you have access
to Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0, you can use the Epos Link module to share
data between GOCAD and other Epos applications. These topics introduce data sharing
between GOCAD and Epos applications. Additionally, these topics explain how to import
data into GOCAD and export it to the Epos repository.

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4.1 What Is Epos Link?

In a Linux environment, with the Epos Link module for GOCAD, you can directly access
Epos data from within GOCAD. You can import and export this data by using commands
that you can access from the File menu.
GOCAD accesses Epos data in the same way as other Epos-enabled applications. While
the data is available in GOCAD, it remains linked to the Epos repository. You can share
well, section, and interpretation objects with Epos applications. You can save objects
created in GOCAD that are compatible with Epos (Surface, 2D Grid objects, and well
markers) back to the Epos repository.
Pointer tracking, display elements, session saves, and preferences are shared between
GOCAD and active Epos applications. For example, when you move the pointer in a
GOCAD view, it moves in a corresponding path in the views of other open Epos
applications. Conversely, when you move the pointer in an active Epos view, it moves in a
corresponding path in the GOCAD view, as well as in other active Epos views. For more
information, see Part III: Visualization,"Synchronizing the Pointer Between the 3D Viewer,
2D Views, and Epos Applications" on page 1-13.
Table 4–1 shows the mapping between the GOCAD and Epos data types for the data that
GOCAD exchanges with Epos applications and the Epos repository.

Table 4–1 Mapping of

GOCAD data type Epos data type
GOCAD data types to
Epos data types Well Well
Well marker Well pick
Well log Well log
2D Grid Pick
2D Grid 2D Grid
Surface T-Surface
Voxet (Seismic) Volume (Seismic)
Shotline/2D Survey 2D Survey
Well log (synthetic) Synthetic

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4.2 Importing Data from Epos Applications
To open data from Epos, you can use commands that you access from the File menu.
For more information, see:
• "Importing Picks, Grids, and T-Surfaces from Epos," page 4-3
• "Importing and Reloading Well Data from Epos," page 4-4
• "Importing Seismic Data from Epos," page 4-11
• "Importing a Traverse from Epos," page 4-12
• "Importing Well Markers from Epos," page 4-13

4.2.1 Importing Picks, Grids, and T-Surfaces from

Epos
You can open Picks, Grids, and T-Surfaces from Epos by using the Interpretation dialog
box, which you access with the Open Interpretation command on the File menu. In the
dialog box, you can select the data that you want GOCAD to load. The Information pane
automatically opens and displays a message listing all of the objects that were loaded.
In the Interpretation dialog box, you can filter and select data or surfaces for picking.
The dialog box contains a table that you can sort according to different criteria. Once you
select a data object and click OK, the object appears in the Task Pane where you can turn
it on and off for display. In the View Objects tab, you can activate/deactivate data for
picking.
The Interpretation dialog box provides the following:
• A list of all data types

• Options for finding and filtering that you can use to filter unwanted data or to quickly
view specific data
• Sort options that you can use to view data by name, Epos user, and class
• Multiple selection of data items except when opening grids
• An option to build and save sets of data (called Interpretation Lists) that can be saved
for future working sessions (except when opening grids)

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To access the ♦ On the File menu, point to Import from Epos, and then click Interpretation to
Interpretation dialog open the dialog box.
box

For more information, click Help in the dialog box

4.2.2 Importing and Reloading Well Data from Epos

By using commands that you access from the File menu, you can import or reload wells
and well data such as logs and markers. For information, see:
• "Importing Well Data," page 4-5
• "Getting Information about Imported Wells," page 4-6
• "Reloading Wells from Epos," page 4-6
• "Importing a Well Log from Epos," page 4-6

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Importing Well Data

To import well data 1 On the File menu, point to Import from Epos, and then click Wells to open the
dialog box.

2 In the Study box, select the Epos well data server from which you want to open
wells.
3 In the Wells box, select the wells that you want to import.
4 In the Domain area, select the Time or Depth domain.
Note The domain you select for wells can differ from the domain of the project.
5 To open logs and markers for the selected wells, select the Load related logs and
markers check box.
Notes
• If there are multiple sets of logs and markers for the selected wells, GOCAD opens only the
active set of logs and markers.
• You can also open well logs using the Open Logs command. For information about this
command, see "Importing a Well Log from Epos" on page 4-6.
• You can also open markers using the Open Markers command. For information about this
command, see "Importing Well Markers from Epos" on page 4-13.

6 If you want GOCAD to load a deviation survey, if one is available, select the Load
path from deviation survey, if available check box. GOCAD can define the well path
by a deviation survey or its coordinates (x,y,z). If a deviation survey is not linear,
GOCAD loads the interpolated path.
Note If you selected the time domain in step 4, this option is unavailable.

7 To overwrite any wells in the project with the same name, select the Overwrite
existing well, if any check box.
Note This option has the same effect as the Reload Wells command (for information about
this command, see "Reloading Wells from Epos" on page 4-6).

8 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
The Information pane opens on the left side of the window and displays a message
indicating which wells were loaded.

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Getting Information about Imported Wells

You can display information about the status of the wells that you import from Epos, such
as the status, completion data, and other information.

To get information 1 In the Object Tree, expand the Wells object type, right-click the well you want to
about imported wells display, and then click Attributes to open the dialog box.
2 To view the well information, click the Info category.

Reloading Wells from Epos

You can reload wells by using the Reload Wells command. This command has the same
effect as the Overwrite existing well if any option in the Open Wells from Epos
dialog box (for information about this option, see "Importing Well Data" on page 4-5).

To reload wells ♦ On the File menu, point to Import from Epos, and then click Reload Wells.
GOCAD reloads all well data in the project.
When you reload wells using the Reload Wells command, the following occurs:
• New logs that you created in GOCAD are preserved.
• Modifications that you made to existing logs previously imported from Epos are lost.
These modifications are overwritten with the newly imported data.
• New markers that you created in a marker set imported from GOCAD are lost.

Importing a Well Log from Epos

You can open well logs using the Open Logs from Epos dialog box. This dialog box
contains two tabs. You use the All Logs tab to open specified versions of logs. You use
the Active Logs tab to open logs that have been set as active in the Epos repository.
For more information, see:
• "To import active logs," page 4-7
• "To import individual logs," page 4-9
• "Log property alias names," page 4-9

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To import active logs 1 On the File menu, point to Import from Epos, and then click Logs to open the
dialog box.

2 In the Wells box, enter the names of the wells for which you want to import
continuous data logs.
3 Click the Active Logs tab.
4 Do one of the following:
• To select a specific active log, click Select Epos log alias and then select the
Epos log name.
Note When you select an Epos log name, GOCAD automatically populates the Category
and Type boxes in the Property Type area. Optionally, you can change the automatically
populated settings.

• To select all logs that are active, click Select all active logs, and then skip to
step 8. If you select this option, all settings on the dialog box except the
Overwrite existing log, if any option are unavailable. GOCAD automatically
selects the log type. If GOCAD cannot determine the log type, it defines it as
"user-defined."

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5 If you want to change any of the settings in the Property Type area, do the
following:
Note The selections in the Category and Type boxes are for GOCAD settings.

a To change the GOCAD well log category, select the category in the Category
box.
b To change the GOCAD well log type, select the well log type in the Type box.
Notes

• For information about the mapping of Epos log aliases to GOCAD well log types, see
Part III: Visualization, "Creating Well Curve Name Aliases" on page 3-63.
• For a list of the Epos log aliases and the corresponding GOCAD log category and type,
see Table 4–2 on page 4-10.

c To add the GOCAD well log category and type information that you selected in
step a and step b, click Add.
d To change the units of measurement for the selected well log type, click Edit
Unit Preferences to open the Unit Preferences dialog box. The setting for the
units of measurement is displayed in the bottom left corner of the Property Type
area. For more information, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling , "To edit a unit
preferences template" on page 10-50.
6 To change the name of the log, select the Set log name to check box, and type the
new log name in the box.
Important The name that is displayed in the Set log name to box is the name
of the log in Epos. To avoid confusion, we recommend that you not change this
name if you are going to save data to Epos.
7 To change the no-data value, select the Set no data value to check box and type the
no-data value in the box. By default, the value is the detected no data value.
8 To overwrite any logs in the project with the same name, select the Overwrite
existing log if any check box.
Important If you do not select the Overwrite existing log, if any check box
and the log already exists, GOCAD will not add the log to the project.
9 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

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To import individual 1 On the File menu, point to Import from Epos, and then click Logs to open the
logs dialog box.

2 In the Wells box, enter the names of the wells for which you want to import data
logs.
3 Click the All Logs tab.
4 In the Select set box, select the name of the Geolog log set that contains the log that
you want to import.
5 In the Select log box, select the name of the log that you want to import.
6 Perform step 5 through step 9.

Log property alias Table 4–2 shows the Epos alias names and codes and the corresponding GOCAD category
names and property type for log names. For information about property categories and property
types in GOCAD, see Part IV: Foundation Modeling, "About Object Properties" on
page 11-2.
Epos logs that are not shown in Table 4–2 are ignored when you import logs.

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Table 4–2 GOCAD and Epos log names

Epos Alias GOCAD Property Category GOCAD Property Type Epos Code
ANGLE_STACK User_Defined ANGLE_STAC ANGLE_STACK
ATTRIBUTE_STATUS User_Defined ATTRIBUTE_STATUS ATTRSTATUS
AVR_VELOCITY Geophysics Velocity CALC_AVG
BLOCK User_Defined BLOC BLOCK
BOOLEAN Miscellaneous Number BOOL
CALIPER Well Logs Caliper CALIPER CALI
COLOR Miscellaneous Number COLOR
CURVATURE Geometry Number CURVATURE
DENSITY Well Logs Density RHO_COR DEN_COR DEN HDEN_COR
HDEN RHXY_COR RHXY RHO8_COR
RHO8 RHOZ_COR RHOZ RHOB_COR
RHOB NRHO_COR NRHO ZDEN_COR
ZDEN DENS_COR DENS RHO
DENSITY_RFL Well Logs Density DENSITY_RFL
DRIFT_DT Geometry Angle DRIFT_DT
DRIFT_DV Geometry Angle DRIFT_DV
EI_REFLECTIVITY Miscellaneous Ratio EI_REFLECTIVITY
ELASTIC_IMPEDANCE Gephysics Acoustic Impedance ELIM EI
FLUID_FACTOR User_Defined FLUID_FACTOR FLUID_FACTOR
FULL_BAND_P_RFL User_Defined FULL_BAND_P_RFL FULL_BAND_P_RFL
GAMMA_RAY Well Logs Gamma Ray GSRG_COR GSRG GRPD_COR GRPD
GRLL_COR GRLL HSGR_COR HSGR
EHGR_COR EHGR HGR_COR HGR
SGR_COR SGR GR GR_NUC GR_DEN
GR_DT GR_AIT GR_DIL GR_IL GR_DLL
GRD GRI GRL GRR GRNC CGR_COR
CGR
GAS_SATURATION Reservoir Gas Saturation SG
GRADIENT Miscellaneous Real Number GRADIENT
INT_VELOCITY Geophysics Velocity CALC_INT
IP_REFLECTIVITY Miscellaneous Ratio IP_REFLECTIVITY
IS_REFLECTIVITY Miscellaneous Ratio IS_REFLECTIVITY
K_MATRIX User_Defined K_MATRIX K_MATRIX
L_RO_RFL User_Defined L_RO_RFL L_RO_RFL
LAMBDA_RHO User_Defined LAMBDA_RHO LARO LR
MATRIX User_Defined MATRIX MATRIX
MU_RO User_Defined MU_RO MURO MR
MU_RO_RFL User_Defined MU_RO_RFL MU_RO_RFL
NEUTRON Well Logs Neutron TNPH_COR TNPH HTNP_COR HTNP
HNPO_COR HNPO NPOR_COR NPOR
NPHI_COR NPHI NPRL CN_COR CN
CNC_COR CNC NEUT_COR NEUT
NI_GRAD User_Defined NI_GRAD NI_GRAD
NORMAL_INC_RFL User_Defined NORMAL_INC_RFL NORMAL_INC_RFL
OIL_SATURATION Reservoir Oil Saturation SO
P_IMPEDANCE User_Defined P_IMPEDANCE ACI AI
P_REFLECTIVITY Miscellaneous Ratio PWRF
(Continued 1 of 2)

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Epos Alias GOCAD Property Category GOCAD Property Type Epos Code
POISSON_RATIO Miscellaneous Ratio PRAT PR POIS
POISSON_RFL User_Defined POISSON_RFL POISSON_RFL
POROSITY Reservoir Porosity PHIT PHIE PHI PHIX PHIA POR PHID
DPOR DPO NDPH PHIN PHIS PHIR
PRESSURE Reservoir Pressure PRES FPRESS PC PRESS
PSEUDO_POISSON_RFL User_Defined PSEUDO_POISSON_RFL PSEUDO_POISSON_RFL
RESISTIVITY Well Logs Resistivity RT LLD_COR LLD HRLD RD DLL_COR
DLL LGRD AHO90 AHT90 AO90 AT90
AF90 HART_COR HART IDVR_COR
IDVR IDER_COR IDER IDPH_COR IDPH
ILD_COR ILD RILD
RHO_MATRIX Well Logs Density RHO_MATRIX
RMS_VELOCITY Geophysics Velocity RMSV CALC_RMS CALC_STK
S_IMPEDANCE Geophysics Acoustic Impedance ACIS
S_REFLECTIVITY Miscellaneous Ratio SWRF
SEISMIC_EXTRACTED User_Defined SEISMIC_EXTRACTED SEISMIC_EXTRACTED
SHALE_VOLUME Well Logs Vshale VSH VOL_WETCLAY
SHEAR_SLOWNESS User_Defined SHEAR_SLOWNESS DTSM
SHEAR_VELOCITY Geophysics Velocity VELS
SONIC_SLOWNESS User_Defined SONIC_SLOWNESS DT DTC1 DTC DTL AC BHC DELT DT4P
DTCO DT5 DTS
SONIC_VELOCITY Geophysics Velocity VELC VEL
SYNT_SEISMOGRAM User_Defined SYNT_SEISMOGRAM SSGM
SYNT_SEISMOGRAM User_Defined SYNT_SEISMOGRAM AMPLITUDE
SYNTHETIC_GATHER User_Defined SYNTHETIC_GATHER SYNTHETIC_GATHER
V_MATRIX User_Defined V_MATRIX V_MATRIX
VP_VS_RATIO Miscellaneous Ratio VP_VS_RATIO
WATER_SATURATION Reservoir Water Saturation SWT SWE SW
WAVELE User_Defined WAVELET WAVE
(Continued 2 of 2)

4.2.3 Importing Seismic Data from Epos

You can import seismic data using the Open File dialog box, which you access with the
Open Volume/2D Section command on the File menu. In the dialog box, you select a
volume. The Information pane automatically opens on the left side of the window and
displays a message confirming that the selected volume or interpretation was loaded.
In the Open File dialog box, all files for the survey that is currently open are listed, and
the active files are highlighted in yellow. You can view information about the name, data
type, data subtype, vertical axis, primary key, size, and last modification date of a file, and
comments entered when the file was created. For 2D Surveys, you can select a volume
and then select a line from the list.

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To access the Open ♦ On the File menu, point to Import from Epos, and then click Volume/2D-Section
Volume/2D Section to open the dialog box.
command

For more information, click Help in the dialog box.

4.2.4 Importing a Traverse from Epos

You can import a Traverse object from Epos by using the Open Traverse dialog box,
which you access from the File menu. The top part of this dialog box lists the traverses
available in your Epos session. The Segments Description area in the bottom of the
dialog box provides information about the selected traverse, such as whether it passes
through wells.
When you import a traverse by using the Open Traverse dialog box, GOCAD does the
following:
• Loads any wells attached to the traverse
• Creates the Cross Sections and, if there are one or more wells, a Log Display

• In the Information pane, which opens on the left side of the window, displays a
message telling you what data and objects were loaded and which views were
created
• Opens the cross section views and log display views, if any, in separate windows

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To access the Open ♦ On the File menu, point to Import from Epos, and then click Traverse to open the
Traverse dialog box dialog box.

For more information, click Help in the dialog box

4.2.5 Importing Well Markers from Epos

You can open well markers from Epos by using the Open Markers from Epos dialog box,
which you access from the File menu. This dialog box contains two tabs. You use the All
Logs tab to import all logs available in the Geolog well database for the specified well.
You use the Active Logs tab to import marker sets that have been set as active in the
Epos repository.
For more information, see:
• "To import active markers from Epos," page 4-14
• "To import individual logs," page 4-9

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To import active 1 On the File menu, point to Import from Epos, and then click Markers to open the
markers from Epos dialog box.

2 In the Wells box, enter the names of the wells for which you want to import markers.
3 Click the Active Logs tab.
4 Do one of the following:
• To select a specific active marker set associated with the wells that you selected,
click Select Epos log alias, and then select the Epos log alias name of the
marker set.
• To select all logs that are available for the wells that you selected, click Select all
logs.
• To select all marker sets that are active for the wells that you selected, click
Select all active logs.
5 To import only selected markers in the marker set, select the Select markers check
box and then select the markers that you want to open.
6 To import the markers with associated dip and azimuth information, select the Load
with marker dip and azimuth, if available check box.
7 To import the marker with associated horizon layer information, select the Load with
assigned horizon information, if available check box.
8 To overwrite existing marker sets in the GOCAD project, select the Overwrite
existing marker set, if any.

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Important If you do not select the Overwrite existing marker set, if any check
box and the marker set already exists, GOCAD will not add the marker set to the
project.
9 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To import any marker 1 On the File menu, point to Import from Epos, and then click Markers to open the
set from a Geolog dialog box.
well database

2 In the Wells box, enter the names of the wells for which you want to import markers.
3 Click the All Logs tab.
4 In the Select set box, select the name of the log marker set that contains the marker
set that you want to import.
5 In the Select log box, select the name of the log that contains the marker sets that
you want to import.
6 Perform step 5 on page 4-14 through step 8 on page 4-14.
7 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

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4.3 Exporting Data for Use in Epos

Applications
For information, see the following topics:
• "Exporting a Curve as a Polyline to Epos," page 4-16
• "Exporting Well Markers to Epos," page 4-17
• "Exporting a Cross Section as a Traverse to Epos," page 4-18
• "Exporting a Surface as a T-Surface to Epos," page 4-19
• "Exporting a 2D Grid as a Grid or Pick to Epos," page 4-20

4.3.1 Exporting a Curve as a Polyline to Epos

In GOCAD, you can export a Curve to the Epos repository using the Curve as Polyline
command, which you access from the File menu.

To export a curve as a 1 On the File menu, point to Export to Epos, and then click Curve as Polyline to
polyline open the dialog box.

2 In the Curve box, select the Curve object that you want to export to the Epos
repository.
3 In the Epos data server box, select the project, well survey, or seismic repository that
you want to export the features or Curve object to.
4 In the Data-set kind box, select the kind of data you want to store in Epos.
You can store the same data in multiple data set kinds. By specifying different data
set kinds, you avoid having to give the data a different name for each instance that it
exists in the data set.
5 In the Fault or horizon class box, type a new name for the class of data that you are
exporting to the Epos repository.
Class is an identifier for a surface that is similar to a name version. Class is saved per
Epos user. It is used, for example, to differentiate between different interpretations of
the same horizon done with different versions of seismic data.
Note In GOCAD, you can export data as only one data set kind. If you export the same data
more than once, you must change the class name each time. If you do not change the class, the
data will not be exported.

6 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

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You can verify that your picks have been exported to Epos correctly by opening the Open
Interpretation dialog box in 3D Canvas. If your data was exported correctly, you will be
able to see your data, its class, and its type in the dialog box. Additionally, you can display
the data you exported in 3D Canvas. For more information about the Open
Interpretation dialog box, click Help in the dialog box

4.3.2 Exporting Well Markers to Epos

In GOCAD, when you create a new marker set or make changes to an existing marker set,
you can export the marker set to Epos using the Markers command, which you access
from the File menu.
Note The Markers command exports the entire marker set. You can not export individual well
markers in the marker set.

To export well 1 On the File menu, point to Export to Epos, and then click Markers to open the
markers dialog box.

2 In the Wells box, select the wells with the associated marker sets that you want to
export.
3 In the Marker set box, select the marker set that you want to export.
4 If you want GOCAD to overwrite any existing marker set of the same name, select the
Overwrite marker set check box.
5 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
You can verify that the well markers have been exported to Epos correctly in the following
ways:
• Checking whether they are listed in the 3D Canvas Well Properties dialog box. For
more information about the 3D Canvas Well Properties dialog box, click Help in the
dialog box.
• Comparing the marker name and depth information in the 3D Canvas Well
Properties dialog box with the same information in the GOCAD Edit Well Markers
and Stratigraphic Units dialog box. You can access the GOCAD Edit Well Markers
and Stratigraphic Units dialog box by right-clicking a well name on the View
Objects tab.

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4.3.3 Exporting a Cross Section as a Traverse to

Epos
You can export a Cross Section object by using the Cross Section as Traverse command
(File menu).

To export a 1 On the File menu, point to Export to Epos, and then click Cross Section as
Cross Section in Epos Traverse to open the dialog box.

2 In the Traverse box, select the Cross Section object that you want to export.
Note If you export the Cross Section using the same name as an existing Cross Section in the
Epos database, GOCAD displays an error message. You must use a different name.

3 In the Epos data server box, select the project to which you want to export the
Cross Section.
4 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
The Information pane automatically opens on the left side of the window and displays a
message describing the result of the command.
When you export the Cross Section, GOCAD creates a Traverse in the Epos repository.
You can verify that the command was carried out correctly by checking whether the
Traverse is available in other applications; for example:
• In BaseMap and 3D Canvas, you can use the Open Traverse command (File menu).
In the dialog box, you should see the name of the Traverse you exported in the list of
traverses.
• In BaseMap, you can open the Traverse and see the Traverse listed in the Display
Elements Manager on the right side of the window. When you select the Traverse,
you can see a red line between the wells in Basemap window.
• In Section, you can open the Traverse and view it in the Section window.

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4.3.4 Exporting a Surface as a T-Surface to Epos
You can export a Surface by using the Surface as T-Surface command, which you access
from the File menu.

To export a Surface as 1 On the File menu, point to Export to Epos, and then click Surface as T-Surface to
an Epos T-Surface open the dialog box.

2 In the Surfaces box, enter or select the Surface object that you want to export.
3 In the Epos data server box, select the project to which you want to export the
Surface.
4 In the Data-set kind box, select the kind of data that you want to store in Epos.
You can store the same data in multiple data set kinds. By specifying different data
set kinds, you avoid having to give the data a different name for each instance that it
exists in the data set.
5 In the Fault or horizon class box, type a new name for the class of data that you are
exporting to the Epos repository.
Class is an identifier for a surface similar to a name version. Class is saved per Epos
User. It is used, for example, to differentiate between different interpretations of the
same horizon done on different versions of seismic data.
Note From GOCAD, you can export data as only one data set kind. If you export the same data
more than once, you must change the class name each time. If you do not change the class, the
data will not be exported.

6 To overwrite an existing T-Surface of the same class and version name, select the
Overwrite surface check box.
7 In the Version box, type a name for the version of the Surface you are exporting.
You can create multiple T-Surfaces from the same data using different algorithms. The
version that you specify for each surface distinguishes it from the other surfaces with
the same name. You can see the version in the Interpretation Data Manager.
8 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
You can verify that the command was carried out correctly in 3D Canvas by opening the
Interpretation dialog box, reloading the T-Surfaces, and checking whether the Surfaces
that you exported appear in the list under Faults. You can also display the T-Surfaces in
the Viewer in 3D Canvas.

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4.3.5 Exporting a 2D Grid as a Grid or Pick to Epos

From GOCAD, you can export 2D Grid objects (gridded surfaces) to Epos as Grid objects
or picks.

To export a 2D Grid to 1 On the File menu, point to Export to Epos, and then click 2D-Grid as Grid to open
Epos the dialog box.

2 In the 2D-Grids box, select the 2D Grid object that you want to export.
3 In the Epos data server box, select the project to which you want to export the
2D Grid.
4 In the Data-set kind box, select the kind of data you want to store in Epos.
You can store the same data in multiple data set kinds. By specifying different data
set kinds, you avoid having to give the data a different name for each instance that it
exists in the data set.
5 In the Fault or horizon class box, type a new name for the class of data that you are
exporting to the Epos repository.
Class is an identifier for a surface similar to a name version. Class is saved per Epos
User. It is used, for example, to differentiate between different interpretations of the
same horizon done on different versions of seismic data. For example, you could give
it the class "GOCAD" to indicate the source of the data.
Note In GOCAD, you can export data as only one data set kind. If you export the same data
more than once, you must change the class name each time. If you do not change the class, the
data will not be exported.

6 Do one of the following:

• To save the data as a grid, click Grid.

• To save the data as picks, click Pick.

7 If you selected Grid in step 6, in the Version box, type a name for the version of the
2D Grid you are exporting.

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You can create multiple grids from the same data by using different algorithms. The
version that you specify for each grid distinguishes it from the other grids with the
same name. You can see the version in the Interpretation Data Manager.
Note The Version box is unavailable if you clicked Pick in step 6.

8 To overwrite an existing grid or pick of the same class and version name, select the
Overwrite grid check box.
9 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
You can verify that the command was carried out correctly in 3D Canvas by opening the
Interpretation dialog box, clicking Reload, and checking whether the grids or picks that
you exported appear in the list under Horizons. You can also display the grids or picks in
the Viewer in 3D Canvas.

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 5
Workflow Basics

In this chapter • "Tour of the Workflow Interface," • "Docking and Undocking a Workflow
page 5-2 and Controlling Expandable Areas,"
page 5-14
• "Managing Workflow Studies,"
page 5-5 • "Reports Generated from Workflow
Activity," page 5-16
• "Navigating in Workflows," page 5-9
• "Workflow Data Comparison,"
• "User Levels for Workflows," page 5-18
page 5-13
• "Adding a Note to an Item,"
page 5-20

Overview When you load Paradigm™ GOCAD ® 2009 modules, you can access workflows that are
available with those modules. You can use workflows as guides to help you model and
analyze your data. Workflows organize the operations for each modeling objective into a
wizard-like interface for you to progress step-by-step through each process. By using a
workflow, you can ensure that you do not miss any critical steps in building your model,
and you can quickly and easily complete the steps without spending time searching for
operations that you might miss otherwise.
These topics describe the basic functionality common to GOCAD workflows and include
recommendations and information about how to work in and manage workflows.

5-1
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5.1 Tour of the Workflow Interface

You can access the workflows in your project from the Workflows tab in the Task Pane.
When you start a workflow, it opens on another tab in the Task Pane that displays the
active workflow.
For more information, see:
• "Workflows tab," page 5-2
• "Active workflow tab," page 5-3
• "Toolbar commands for workflows," page 5-4

Workflows tab The Workflows tab lists each type of workflow that is available in the project. The
workflows you can access depend on which modules you have loaded for the project.
Tip You can change the
workflows that are available
in your project by loading
different modules—see
"Choosing Modules for a
Project" on page 1-8.
User-defined
workflow studies

When you work in a workflow, GOCAD stores your work in a workflow study. From the
Workflows tab, you can create and name new workflow studies. This is also where you
can access existing studies to continue work in a workflow that you already started. Many
workflows also include commands for you to rename, delete, and copy studies; save them
as data files; and load them into other projects.
For each workflow study, you can also see the date, time, and name of the user who
worked in the study last.
For more information about workflow studies, see "Managing Workflow Studies" on
page 5-5.

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Active workflow tab When you create a workflow study, the workflow opens on another tab in the Task Pane.

Figure 5–1 Reservoir Data

Analysis Workflow

z 1

z 2

z3

Each workflow includes some common elements:

z 1 Navigation pane. Tasks and steps display in the navigation pane. You can click
these items to skip to or return to specific steps. Here, visual indicators show you
at a glance the steps you have performed, the active step, and the next available
steps. These indicators and some of the information shown in the navigation
pane vary slightly depending on the workflow that you are using. For more
information about differences in the navigation pane, see "Navigating in
Workflows," page 5-9.

z 2 Workflow panel. On the panel, the workflow presents steps for you to
complete by selecting objects or options, answering questions, filling in
information, and carrying out commands. You will perform a wide range of
actions in this area depending on the objective of each step. The steps presented
in the workflow can change as you progress through a workflow. For information
about how to complete the steps for a specific workflow, see the documentation
or Help for that workflow.

z 3 Workflow buttons. The buttons at the bottom of the workflow are the same for
all workflows: Back, Next, Report, and Help. With these buttons, you can easily
advance to the next step or return to a previous step; add your own comments,
images, and hyperlinks to workflow reports; and get help that relates to the
current step in the workflow. If one of these options is unavailable for a given
step, the button is dimmed (the icon is gray). For more information, see
"Navigating in Workflows," page 5-9 and "Reports Generated from Workflow
Activity" on page 5-16.
For information about workflow studies, see "Managing Workflow Studies" on page 5-5.

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Toolbar commands On the Main toolbar, there are commands that you can use to create workflow studies,
for workflows open workflows, switch between workflows, and change the layout of the navigation
pane for the active workflow.

Create Workflow Study. Clicking opens a dialog box for you to enter a
name for a new workflow study. This creates a workflow study of the same type
as the last one that you created.

Clicking opens a menu from which you can select another type of workflow
study to create; the list includes all of the workflows that are available with the
modules that you loaded in the project.

Open Workflow Study. Clicking opens the last active workflow study as a
tab in the Task Pane, or if you undocked the workflow study tab, the study
opens in the undocked window.

Clicking opens a menu from which you can select another workflow study to
open; the list includes all of the workflow studies in the project.

Previous Workflow Study. Selects the last workflow study that was active
before the currently selected study. GOCAD displays the study as a tab in the
Task Pane, or if you have undocked the workflow study tab, the study appears in
the undocked window.
Clicking the button multiple times switches between the two most recent
workflow studies.

Flip Workflow Area. Changes the orientation of the layout for the active
workflow study. You can show the navigation pane across the top or vertically
down the left side.

For more information about studies and what you can do with them, see "Managing
Workflow Studies" on page 5-5.
In addition to the tools on the Main toolbar, some workflows include toolbars that are
specific to objects or items within the workflow. For information about the additional
toolbars for a particular workflow, see the Help for that workflow.

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5.2 Managing Workflow Studies
If your project includes more than one type of workflow, you can work in multiple
workflows within a single project. For example, you may work in one to build a reservoir
grid, one to create a drilling plan, and another to build a grid for flow simulation. As you
progress through the modeling processes, GOCAD stores your work as separate workflow
studies.
After you begin a workflow, you can leave it at any stage of completion and continue
working in it later. When you save your project, GOCAD also saves the work stored for
each workflow study in the project.
Important To keep any work that you do in workflows, you must save your project.
To have more than one study in your project, you only need to create them and then save
the project. When you save a project that contains several studies, the next time you open
the project all of the studies load with the project.
For information about workflow studies and how to create and work with them, see:
• "Why create multiple studies?" on page 5-5
• "To create a workflow study," page 5-6
• "To continue work in a workflow," page 5-7
• "What can I do with studies after I create them?," page 5-7
• "To manage studies," page 5-8

Why create multiple In addition to working through separate workflows for each modeling process, you can
studies? also create more than one study for a specific type of workflow within a single project—
such as creating three potential drilling plans. This enables you to quickly access and easily
evaluate multiple scenarios. You might want to create more than one study to:
• Save values and settings for repeated use as a template.
• Construct models for different purposes, such as one for geostatistics and another for
flow simulation.
• Compare the quality of your model when you change settings or try additional
calculation methods.
• Create an audit trail of various scenarios that you tried (such as to maintain a record
of work done in past years).
For example, you could generate multiple stratigraphic grids for the same reservoir by
using different settings. To analyze reservoir risk, you might want to create separate
scenarios for thickness and reference horizons to use in structural simulation. Or, for
uncertainty assessment, multiple scenarios could represent alternative interpretations. In
well planning, you might want to save more than one plan for a well path or drilling
platform to do a cost comparison.

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To create a workflow After you open a project with the GOCAD modules that you will need (see "Choosing
study Modules for a Project" on page 1-8), the first step to begin any workflow is to create a
workflow study as follows:
1 On the Workflows tab in the Task Pane, right-click the type of workflow that you
want to use, and then click New.

2 In the Study name box, type a name for the new study.
For information about the conventions for naming objects (see "Naming Objects" on
page 3-7).
3 If you want to link the workflow study to an existing study, click Advanced to expand
the area, and then do the following:

a Select the Link with check box.

b In the Workflow type box, select the type of workflow that you want to access.
The list includes only the types of workflows with existing studies that are
compatible with the new study.
c In the Study name box, select the name of the existing study that contains the
data that you want to access.
4 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.
The new study opens on another tab in the Task Pane, or if you undocked the workflow
study tab, the new workflow opens in the undocked window. You can see the name of
the study at the top of the tab or in the title bar for the workflow.
For information about how to begin working in a particular workflow, see the Help for
that workflow.

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To continue work in a If you have started one or more workflow studies and you want to continue working in a
workflow workflow, do the following:

♦ On the Workflows tab in the Task Pane, double-click the name of the study in the
list of workflows.
The selected study opens on a tab in the Task Pane, or if you undocked the workflow
study tab, the workflow opens in the undocked window.
If you need help to continue working from a particular point in the workflow, see the
information for the current step in the Help for that workflow.

What can I do with You can create, delete, and modify workflow studies. For some workflows, you can also
studies after I create copy them, rename them, save them as data files, and load them into other projects.
them? Saving workflows as separate files enables you to share workflow descriptions and
settings without the need to transfer whole projects.
The following shows what you can do with each type of workflow.

Remove1 Save to Load from File 2 View Generate

Workflow Rename Copy
(delete) File (reset from file) Differences Report
Structural Modeling Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes 3
Time-To-Depth Calibration Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Interpretation Modeling Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Rock Volume Uncertainty Assessment (Alea) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
3D Reservoir Grid Builder Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes 3
Reservoir Data Analysis Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Reservoir Properties Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 4
Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 4
Drilling Planner Yes Yes Yes No No No No
LGR and Upscaler Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 4
Reservoir Simulation Interface Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Production Data Analysis Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
2D Unfolding (Kine3D-2) Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Balanced Cross Section (Kine3D-3) Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
3D Unfolding Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tessellation No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
FracMV Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

1. Remove. Deletes the study from the project.

2. Load from File. Overwrites the selected study by resetting the data from a workflow data file.
3. The Structural Modeling and 3D Reservoir Grid Builder workflows both generate a workflow report
automatically as you work. For other workflows, you have the option to create a report at any time.
4. The Reservoir Properties, LGR and Upscaler, and Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta) workflows provide
options within the workflow for you to create reports.

For information about how to carry out these commands, see "To manage studies" on
page 5-8.

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To manage studies On the Workflows tab in the Task Pane, rename, copy, delete, save, or load a study
from a file as follows:

♦ If necessary expand the workflow category to see the list of workflows of that type,
right-click the name of the study that you want to modify, and then click one of the
following (if available):
• Rename. Opens a dialog box for you to type a new name for the study.

• Copy. Opens a dialog box for you to type a name for the new copy.
When you carry out the command, the Workflows tab shows the names of both
studies under the workflow type.
• Remove (delete). Immediately deletes the study from the project.
Caution There is no confirmation or undo for this action. If you remove a
study, you cannot restore it.
Note When you delete a study, any objects, properties, and resources that you created
with the workflow remain in the project.

• Save to File. Opens a dialog box for you to enter the path and file name for the
workflow study file.
Note GOCAD saves workflow studies as XML, but does not require a file name extension
for these files. However, GOCAD can still open the files if you add .xml to the end of the
file name. The standard format for the file name is WorkflowStudyName.

GOCAD saves the study, including all of the settings and values in the workflow,
to a file in the location that you specified.
• Load from File. Opens a dialog box for you to find and select a file containing
workflow study parameters. (Workflow study files are XML files that do usually
have a file name extension. However, you can still open them if you added .xml
to the end of the file name.)
Caution If you select this command by clicking the name of an existing
study, the parameters from the saved study overwrite those in the study you
clicked on the Workflows tab. There is no confirmation or undo for this
action, and you cannot restore the overwritten study.
For each command, you will see the change occur on the Workflows tab as you carry out
the command, with the exceptions that saving and loading do not cause a change in the
list of studies.

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5.3 Navigating in Workflows
Workflows help you navigate through modeling operations quickly and easily. Most
workflows present the work that you need to do as tasks with steps for you to complete.
Some tasks involve only one step, and others have multiple steps. For example,
completing steps can involve answering questions, making choices, providing
information, and carrying out calculations or other commands. After you complete some
steps in a workflow, you can skip back and forth between them. However, for best results,
we recommend that you complete the tasks (and steps within each task) sequentially, in
the order presented. Toward the end of each process, you will have an opportunity to
check your results and make changes as necessary, or perform iterations to improve
quality.
The workflow interface provides more than one way to get around in workflows. For
more information, see:
• "Navigating with Buttons," page 5-9
• "Navigating by Using the Navigation Pane," page 5-9

5.3.1 Navigating with Buttons

The common way to navigate through workflows, especially if you want to quickly
advance through a workflow, is to use the Back and Next buttons at the bottom of the
workflow:

• Back. Returns to the previous step or task in the workflow.

• Next. Advances to the next step or task in the workflow.
When you first access a workflow step, if there are any required actions, the Next button
is unavailable. When you complete the required actions, Next becomes available, and you
can click it to continue to the next step in the workflow. At any time while you are using
a workflow, if you want to return to the previous step or backtrack a few steps, you can
click Back as many times as necessary to reach the step that you want.

5.3.2 Navigating by Using the Navigation Pane

You can navigate in workflows by clicking an available step in the navigation pane at the
top of the workflow. When you do this, the workflow displays the panel associated with
the selected step. In the navigation pane, visual indicators show you which steps you have
already done, the active step, and the step or steps you can do next.
GOCAD workflows exhibit one of three kinds of behavior: standard, dynamic, or
interactive. Depending on the nature of the workflows that you use, you may see some
differences in the navigation pane. For example, standard workflows list every possible
step that you can perform in that workflow. Whereas, the dynamic and interactive
workflows customize the list of steps as you work to show you only the steps needed to
accomplish your goals. The three kinds also have different visual indicators that show your
progression through the workflow.
Regardless of the differences, for any type of workflow, you can still click items in the
navigation pane to skip from step to step.

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Each navigation scheme is simple and easy to follow, and using them does not require you
to remember how they work or which behavior applies to each workflow. However, in
case you want to know more about each type, the following topics list the workflows that
exhibit each behavior and describe each navigation scheme:
• "Workflow navigation schemes," page 5-10
• "Progression indicators for standard workflows," page 5-10
• "Progression indicators for dynamic workflows," page 5-11
• "Progression indicators for interactive workflows," page 5-12
• "To switch to another step from anywhere in a workflow," page 5-12

Workflow navigation
schemes Standard Workflows Dynamic Workflows Interactive Workflows
• Structural Modeling • Rock Volume Uncertainty • Interpretation Modeling
• 3D Reservoir Grid Builder Assessment (Alea) • Reservoir Data Analysis
• Drilling Planner • Reservoir Properties • Reservoir Simulation Interface
• Reservoir Risk Assessment (Jacta) • Production Data Analysis
• LGR and Upscaler • 2D Unfolding (Kine3D-2)
• Fracture Modeling (FracMV) • Balanced Cross Sections
(Kine3D-3)
• 3D Unfolding (Kine3D-3)
• Tessellation (Kine3D-3)

Progression indicators For workflows exhibiting the standard behavior, the navigation pane displays a list of all of
for standard the steps in the workflow. See Figure 5–2. Available steps are shown in color and
workflows unavailable steps are dimmed (gray). For example, when you start the Drilling Planner
Workflow, only the first step is available. All other steps appear dimmed. Dimmed steps
remain unavailable until you complete the prerequisites for the step.

Figure 5–2 Standard workflow

z 1 Available steps.

zz z
4 5
2 Highlight indicates the active step.

z 3 Unavailable steps are the steps for which you have

z 1
z 2
not completed the prerequisites.

z 4 Check marks indicate completed steps.

z 5 Page icons indicate that you or another user added

z 3 comments, images, or hyperlinks to the workflow
report for a given step.

When an item has multiple steps, you can expand the item to see the list of required and
optional steps. If you click an available step in the navigation pane, the step becomes
highlighted (Figure 5–2), and the workflow panel shows the commands and options
specific to that step.
When you have completed a step, the navigation pane displays a check mark ( ) next to
the step. If you add comments, links, or images to the current step, the last column
displays the page icon ( ) for the step.

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For more information about workflow reports, see "Reports Generated from Workflow
Activity" on page 5-16.

Progression indicators A workflow exhibiting dynamic behavior customizes itself as you work. That is, the
for dynamic choices that you make and information you enter determine the options and commands
workflows that you will see as you progress through the workflow. The workflow adds steps to the
navigation pane to support your choices. When you complete a step, you will see the
result of your actions in the Value column of the navigation pane (see Figure 5–3).
Dynamic workflows also use color to indicate your progress. In the list of steps in the
navigation pane, orange text indicates the current step in the workflow.

Figure 5–3 Dynamic workflow

Figure 5–3 illustrates the dynamic behavior of the Reservoir Properties Workflow. The
navigation pane on the left shows the available steps before you begin the modeling
process. The pane on the right shows the result after you specify three properties to
model in the workflow (in this example, Facies , Porosity , and Permeability ). In this case,
when you add properties by using commands on the workflow panel, the workflow adds
the properties to the list in the navigation pane. You could then expand any one of the
properties in the navigation pane to see the list of steps necessary to complete the
modeling process for that property.
Workflows with dynamic behavior do not display unavailable steps in the navigation pane.
Only steps for which you have completed the prerequisites appear in the list. You can skip
to any step that appears in the list by clicking it in the navigation pane.

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Progression indicators The navigation scheme for interactive workflows is a combination of the features in the
for interactive standard and dynamic workflows.
workflows

z 1 Available steps.

z zz z
4 5 6
2 Highlight indicates the
active step.

z 3 Unavailable steps are the

z1 steps for which you have
not completed the
prerequisites.

z4 Text in the Value column

z 2 indicate results from the

step such as your
selections.

z 3
z5 Check marks indicate
completed steps.

z6 The page icons indicate

that you or another user
added comments, images,
or hyperlinks to the
workflow report for a
given step.

To switch to another ♦ In a GOCAD workflow, click a step in the navigation pane at the top of the workflow.
step from anywhere
in a workflow
Tip Use this method when The workflow displays the options and commands for the selected step on the workflow
you want to return to a panel.
step from a later point in
the workflow.

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5.4 User Levels for Workflows
You can change the level of guidance and interaction in workflows by changing the user
level in your preferences. GOCAD offers two user levels:
Beginner. When using a workflow at this user level, the workflow presents you with
fewer modeling choices. This level simplifies the input required and does not present you
with the more advanced options. Generally, a series of questions guides you through the
process of selecting the most appropriate options for your model.
Advanced. This level, intended for users with advanced knowledge of the topic, gives
you access to the full list of options.
Tip Set the user level before For most workflows, we recommend that you work in the Advanced user level. For
you start a workflow. information about how to set the user level, see "To change the user level" on page 1-50.
Notes
• As an exception, for the Reservoir Properties Workflow, we recommend that you work in the
Beginner user level if you have only a basic knowledge of geostatistics.
• The documentation for each workflow includes descriptions and information about how to
model at the advanced level.

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5.5 Docking and Undocking a Workflow and

Controlling Expandable Areas
There is more than one way that you can customize the layout of workflows to suit you.
For example, when you are working in a workflow, you may want to maximize the view in
the 3D Viewer while you work through the workflow. To do this, you can detach the
workflow, move it anywhere you want or minimize it, and use the additional space for
viewing your model. Detaching a workflow is especially useful if you are working with
two monitors because you can move the workflow to the second screen, collapse all of
the expandable areas in the GOCAD window, and expand the 3D Viewer to fill the first
screen.
Whether you detach a workflow or you leave it docked as a tab in the Task Pane, you
have the choice of two layouts.
As you progress through a workflow, you will also see expandable areas on the workflow
panels. These areas contain optional settings and commands that relate to the current
step in the workflow. Usually, you will expand and collapse these areas as needed while
you work. However, you can also set the workflow to expand or collapse all of them for
the entire workflow at once or reset them to the default state for these areas.
For information, see:
• "Docking and undocking a workflow from the Task Pane," page 5-14
• "To dock a workflow outside the Task Pane," page 5-14
• "To show or hide an undocked workflow," page 5-15
• "To expand or collapse areas in a workflow," page 5-15

Docking and If you drag a workflow tab out of the Task Pane to undock it, you can return it at any
undocking a time by dragging the title bar of the workflow back into the Task Pane. You do this the
workflow from the same way that you dock and undock other tabs from the Task Pane. For more
Task Pane information, see "Managing Tabs in the Task Pane," page 1-21.
Tips Undocking a workflow When you undock a workflow it becomes a separate window that you can move
can be helpful when you anywhere you want, and the Task Pane displays one of the other open tabs such as the
want to use two or more Object Tree or the Attribute Manager.
monitors simultaneously.
After you undock a You can also dock a workflow separately from the Task Pane, so that you can see items in
workflow, you can show and the Task Pane and the workflow panel at the same time. For information, see "To dock a
hide the window from the
workflow outside the Task Pane" on page 5-14.
View menu or the shortcut
menu in the toolbar areas.

To dock a workflow ♦ Drag the title bar for the workflow to the right or left side of the GOCAD window.
outside the Task Pane Moving the pointer all the way into the toolbar area ensures that the window snaps
into place.
With this layout, you can see other items in the Task Pane and the workflow panel at the
same time.

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To show or hide an If you undocked a workflow from the Task Pane, do the following to show or hide it:
undocked workflow
♦ To hide or close the workflow, click in the upper-right corner of the workflow.
– or –
To show it, click the View menu or right-click an empty space in a toolbar area, and
then click the name of the workflow study.
The workflow closes.

To expand or collapse ♦ Right-click anywhere within borders of the workflow panel, and then click one of
areas in a workflow these:
• Default Mode. Returns the layout of the expandable areas within the workflow
to the default layouts. Some expandable areas are automatically expanded while
others are collapsed, as they appear when you first access the workflow.
• Expand All. Expands all expandable areas in the workflow.

• Collapse All. Collapses all expandable areas in the workflow.

The layout of the expandable areas updates in the workflow.

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5.6 Reports Generated from Workflow

Activity
For information about the session history report that is generated automatically as you
work in GOCAD and the HTML report that is generated from workflow activity, see the
following topics:
• "Session history report," page 5-16
• "HTML report," page 5-16
• "Comments the workflow adds to the HTML report," page 5-17
• "Items you can add to the HTML report," page 5-17

Session history report While you are working (in workflows or elsewhere), GOCAD captures every command
that you carry out. At any time, you can view a report of your actions by looking in the
Command Terminal, which displays a list of the commands carried out (black), errors
(red), warnings (blue), and other information (in green). This pane is normally hidden. You
can show it by right-clicking in a toolbar area and clicking Command Terminal.
The session history report is a log of all of the commands carried out in each session and
is placed in a history.gsc file in the project folder. The report includes the date of each
session and the user ID of the person who worked on the project during the session.

HTML report As you progress through a workflow, the program also creates a formatted HTML report.
The HTML report categorizes and describes all the actions taken and the parameters you
entered, including any comments you made (in the Report dialog box) in a specific step.
Its purpose is to produce a document that you can put directly inside a report.
The actions and events that take place during the life cycle of the study are stored in the
report, along with the study, in the project folder. The report is automatically updated
each time you update (or change) the study.
Notes

• The workflow creates a new report file called WorkFlow_nameofworkflow _report.html in the
project folder when you start a workflow.
• If you start a new session in the same directory and there is already a file with the same name,
the initial file is not overwritten. The workflow creates the new file, uses the same file name
and adds an underscore and a number to the end of the name.For example, in the Structural
Modeling Workflow, a new file name will increment with a number:
WorkFlow_structural_modeling_report_0.html.

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Comments the The workflow automatically adds one or more comments in the report for each action you
workflow adds to the take. Comments are added when you:
HTML report
• Enter a panel. (The panel title and the Step keyword appear in the report.)

• Leave a task by clicking Next.

• Go back to another panel or dialog box by clicking in the navigation pane.
Note The workflow adds comments only if you have performed an action—for example:
defined a horizon, or added border extremities. The description of the action appears with the
Actions keyword.

• Save a project.
Note When you reopen the project, the saved report is also reloaded. All new actions are
added at the end of this report.

• After any keyword comments.

Note You have no control over these actions; they are automatic. For example, you are not able to
reload a specific report.

Items you can add to You can add the following to the HTML report:
the HTML report
• Any text without format by clicking Report and typing in the dialog box
• Snapshot
• Link to another file
• Link to a help file
Comments, visuals, and/or links to the report are included in the report when you leave a
task by clicking Next, or you go to another task by clicking on the task name in the
navigation pane.

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5.7 Workflow Data Comparison

You can compare any parameters from two or more workflows for quality control, an
audit trail, data comparison, or as a reminder.

Workflow data When comparing workflow data, you will use the following objects:
comparison concepts
• Studies. Generated by each workflow. Multiple studies can be created for each type
of workflow.
• Study instances. Each time you modify a study, a new instance of it is created to
reflect the difference in results. You can compare multiple instances of the same study
to see the effects of different approaches.

To compare workflow When you have multiple studies within a workflow, you can compare them using the
data Workflow Study Comparison utility, which displays study values in a line-by-line
comparison. You can compare instances of the same study, or compare instances of
different studies.
1 On the Workflows tab, click next to a workflow name to expand the list of
studies, right-click the name of a study, and then click View Differences to open the
dialog box.

First study Second study

First study instance Second study instance

2 Do the following to select two instances of studies from the current workflow to
compare:
a In the left area, in the left-most box, select the first study of the two that you
want to compare. In the box to the right, select an instance of that study.
b In the right area, in the left-most box, select the study to which you want to
compare the first study. In the box to the right, select an instance of that study.
3 To filter the output, choose one or more options at the bottom of the window:
• View only results. Compares the final data or reports from studies.
• View only differences. Shows you only where two study instances differ.
• Default. Matches fields between studies so you can visually distinguish
differences. Applies when you do not select one or more of the options above.

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4 Expand items in either window to see properties from both studies listed side by side
on the same line. Each half of the results pane is divided into two columns:
• Name. Indicates parameters in the workflow study.
• Value. Displays the value entered for this step.

Figure 5–4 Workflow

Study Comparison results

5 When you finish, click Close to close the window and return to the workflow.

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5.8 Adding a Note to an Item

When you create workflow studies, you may want to record your observations and share
them with others in your group. In many workflows you can add comments, hyperlinks,
and images to most analysis items, such as properties, objects, and workflow steps.
• Notes can contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks.

• For the interactive workflows, you and other users can start a discussion thread by
adding comments to notes.
Note For a list of the interactive workflows, see "Workflow navigation schemes" on
page 5-10.

• Notes can be edited, printed, deleted, and exported into HTML documents.

• Comments cannot be edited or printed.

You can create, edit, and delete notes by using the Note dialog box (see Figure 5–5).

Figure 5–5 Note dialog

box

Enter and Enter

edit notes comments

For more information about working with notes, see:

• "To add a note," page 5-21
• "To view a note," page 5-21
• "To edit a note," page 5-22
• "To add a comment to a note," page 5-22
• "To delete a comment from a note," page 5-23
• "To print all notes for the project," page 5-23
• "To generate a document with all notes for the project," page 5-23
• "To print all notes for the project," page 5-23
• "To delete a note," page 5-23

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To add a note 1 In the navigation pane, right-click the item to which you want to add a note, and
then click Add Note on the shortcut menu. The Note dialog box opens (see
Figure 5–5 on page 5-20).
2 In the Document your choices box, type your note.

Source
Magnification
Snapshot

3 If you want to include a link to a file or an image, do either of the following:

• Links to files. Click and select a file in the dialog box. A hyperlink named
"File" will appear at the cursor insertion point.
• Snapshots. Select the magnification and source viewer for your snapshot in the

boxes near the top of the window, then click to take a snapshot. The list
includes all of the open views; the default source is the 3D Viewer.
4 If you want to add a comment about the note, under Discuss your choices, click
Add Comment to add a row.
Note The comment feature is only available for the new, interactive workflows. For a
list of the interactive workflows, see "Workflow navigation schemes" on page 5-10.
5 Click the Comment box, and then type your comment.
6 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

In the navigation pane, the note icon appears to the right of the item to indicate that
your note was successfully created and associated with the item.
For information about adding comments to a note, see "To add a comment to a note" on
page 5-22.

To view a note 1 Do either of the following to open the All Notes dialog box (see Figure 5–5 on
page 5-20):
• Right-click the item that has the note that you want to view, and then click Edit
Note.

• Right-click one of the items that has a note, click View All Notes on the shortcut
menu to open the All Notes dialog box (see Figure 5–6), and then double-click
the Note box named for the workflow panel or object of the note that you want
to view.

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Figure 5–6 All Notes

dialog box example

The Note dialog box shows the note and all comments written for it. The user who
creates a note is the owner of the note, and only the owner can change a note.

To see a note ♦ Right-click an entry in the navigation pane that displays an icon ( ) in the Notes
someone else has column, and then click View All Notes.
sent
For more information about viewing notes, see "To view a note" on page 5-21.

To edit a note 1 Right-click the item that has the note you want to view, and then click Edit Note
from the shortcut menu to open the Note dialog box (see Figure 5–5 on page 5-20).
2 In the Document your choices box, type your changes to the note.
3 Click OK to carry out the command and close the dialog box, or click Apply to carry
out the command and leave the dialog box open.

To add a comment to 1 Right-click the item you want to add a comment to, and then click Edit Note on the
a note shortcut menu. The Note dialog box opens (see Figure 5–5 on page 5-20).
2 In the Discuss your choices box, click Add Comment to add a comment row at the
bottom of the list.
3 In the Comment box, click the comment row you just added and then type your
comment.
Note To change a comment, click the comment text in the Discuss the choices window and
enter new text. Repeat step 2 and step 3.

4 Click OK to save the changes you have made and close the dialog box, or click Apply
to save your changes and leave the dialog box open.

In the navigation pane, the note icon appears to the right of the item to indicate that
your note was successfully entered and associated with the item. You can add multiple
comments to your note, if you want.

To read and review 1 Open the Note dialog box and double-click the Note which has the comments you
comments want to read. For instructions, see "To view a note" on page 5-21.
2 In the Discuss the Choices window, review the comments by title. Comments
marked with are unread; comments marked with have been read.
3 Make the changes you want to these comments.
4 To save the comments and update their status as read or unread, click Apply.
Note Only the user who creates a note can change the note.

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To delete a comment 1 Do either of the following to open the Note dialog box (see Figure 5–5 on
from a note page 5-20):
• Right-click the item that has the comment you want to delete, and then click Edit
Note on the shortcut menu.
• Right-click one of the items that has a note, click View All Notes on the shortcut
menu to open the All Notes dialog box (see Figure 5–6), and then double-click
the Note box for the note you want to view.
Caution Do not click Delete Note. This action removes the note.

2 In the Discuss the choices box, click to remove the contents of the row
containing the comment you want deleted. Empty rows are not saved, and so the
comment will not be retained.
3 Repeat step 2 for each comment you want to delete.
4 Click OK to save the changes you have made and close the dialog box, or click Apply
to save your changes and leave the dialog box open.

To generate a You can generate an HTML document that contains all notes for a project. This document
document with all can be displayed in your web browser and printed. Comments for notes are not included.
notes for the project 1 Right-click an item that has a note, and then click View All Notes on the shortcut
menu. The All Notes dialog box opens (see Figure 5–5 on page 5-20).
2 Click Generate Report to open a dialog box that prompts you to name an XML file.
3 Name the file, and then click OK. The file that is created will open in your default
browser.
You can open the document in your web browser. For information about printing the
notes, see "To print all notes for the project" on page 5-23.

To print all notes for All notes for the project can be printed after they are generated into an HTML document.
the project For information about creating the document, see "To generate a document with all
notes for the project" on page 5-23.
1 Open the HTML file in your web browser.
2 Print the document.

To delete a note ♦ Right-click the item that has the note you want to delete, and then click Delete Note
on the shortcut menu.

The note icon disappears from the Notes column to the right of the item to indicate
that the note was successfully deleted from the item.

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Appendix A Keyboard
Shortcuts and Digitization

In this appendix • "Keyboard Shortcuts," page A-2 • "Using Selected Interpretation

Modeling Shortcuts," page A-5
• "Interpretation Modeling Shortcuts,"
page A-3 • "Digitizing," page A-6

Overview In Paradigm™ GOCAD ® 2009, several keyboard shortcuts are available to help you work
efficiently in the 3D Viewer. And, if you have the Interpretation Modeling module, you
can use several additional shortcuts to help visualize data with probes and slicers.

A-1
Paradigm™

A.1 Keyboard Shortcuts

In the descriptions of keyboard shortcuts, a plus sign (+) between keys indicates that you
should press the keys simultaneously.

Shortcuts in the
3D Viewer If you press The result is to

SHIFT (hold Temporarily change the pointer from the Picking tool to the
down)
Viewer Movements tool . You can then manipulate the view in
the 3D Viewer without cancelling the active command. When you
release SHIFT, the pointer changes back, and you can resume the
command in progress.

HOME Switch the view in the 3D Viewer to the view saved as the Home View.
PG UP Switch the view in the 3D Viewer to the View from Top.
PG DOWN Switch the view in the 3D Viewer to the View from South.
P Save the view in the 3D Viewer 1 as a JPEG image. You must first point to the view
that you want to save. GOCAD saves the "snapshot" in the working folder as
gocad_snap0000 n.jpg.
CTRL+C For Windows only, copy the view in the 3D Viewer 1 to the Clipboard. You must first
point to the view you want to copy.
You can then paste in other programs that support this operation such as
Microsoft ® Word, PowerPoint, and Paint by then pressing CTRL+V.
SPACEBAR Repeat the last command.
A Turn on or off the display of the orientation symbol.
CTRL+A Turn on or off animation (spinning) in the 3D Viewer.
F9
Perform the same operation as Pick Center Point —change the pointer to a

, so that you can pick a center point. Click a point on an object, and the view in
the 3D Viewer recenters on this point.
Note The center point is used when zooming and rotating the view in the
3D Viewer, and the point you pick remains the center point even if you hide the
object you selected.
F10
Perform the same operation as Global View —reset the view to include all of
the objects you have selected to show in the 3D Viewer. For example, if you show
an object that is outside the viewing area, pressing F10 resizes the view to include
the object you added to the 3D Viewer and any other visible objects.
F11 Turn on or off full-screen display of the 3D Viewer.

1. The shortcut also works for other views, such as 2D and 3D crossplots (in the Multivariate Statistics
2D and 3D windows), graphs in the histogram (Property Statistics window), and editable colormaps.
However, graphs in the Property Statistics window must be copied separately.

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Started
Getting
A.2 Interpretation Modeling Shortcuts
In this topic, see:
• "Shortcuts for working in the 3D Viewer," page A-3
• "Shortcuts for probes," page A-4
• "Shortcuts for slicers," page A-4

Shortcuts for working You can use the following shortcuts in the 3D Viewer:
in the 3D Viewer
If you The result is to
Double-click a Select the probe or slicer you click as the active probe or slicer. The active probe or
probe or slicer slicer becomes highlighted in the 3D Viewer. For probes, handles also appear on the
corners and edges.
Press C Center the view in the 3D Viewer on the active probe.
Press ESC
Switch the pointer between the Picking tool and the Viewer Movements tool

.
Press a function Change the view in the 3D Viewer to be perpendicular to one of the voxet axes for
key (F1-F6) the active voxet, as follows:
• F1. View from the positive Time axis of the voxet
• F2. View from the negative Time axis of the voxet
• F3. View from the negative Crossline axis of the voxet
• F4. View from the positive Crossline axis of the voxet
• F5. View from the negative Inline axis of the voxet
• F6. View from the positive Inline axis of the voxet
Notes
• The active voxet is the voxet containing the active probe or slicer.
• When you press one of these function keys, the Interpretation Modeling module
saves the current view in the 3D Viewer before switching the view. If you press
the function key a second time, the Interpretation Modeling module restores the
original view. This is useful to switch between two views.
Press CTRL+F7 or Save the current view in the 3D Viewer as a custom view. You can save two custom
CTRL+F8 views, one as the F7 view and one as the F8 view.
Press F7 or F8 Change the view in the 3D Viewer to the first custom view (F7) or the second
custom view (F8).
Press a numeric Change the first property displayed for the active probe or slicer to another voxet
key (1–9) on the property. The numbers correspond to the names of the existing voxet properties in
keyboard, not the alphabetical order.
numeric keypad Note The first property is the property listed first on the Properties tab in the
Probe/Slicer Editor for the active probe or slicer.
Press the Select the next voxet property (alphabetically by property name) to display as the
UP ARROW key first property for the active probe or slicer.
Note The first property is the property listed first on the Properties tab in the
Probe/Slicer Editor for the active probe or slicer.
Press the Select the previous voxet property (reverse-alphabetically by property name) to
DOWN ARROW display as the first property for the active probe or slicer.
key
Press the UP or Cycle through the voxet properties alphabetically or reverse-alphabetically by
DOWN ARROW property name to select a property to display as the first property for the active
key more than probe or slicer.
once

Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0 A.2 Interpretation Modeling Shortcuts A-3
Paradigm™

Shortcuts for probes If you have a voxet and one or more probes displayed in the 3D Viewer, and one probe
selected as the active probe (handles appear on corners and edges), you can use the
following shortcuts:

If you press The result is to

1 or 3 key on the Translate the active probe along the x-axis in either the positive (1) or negative (3)
numeric keypad direction.
4 or 6 key on the Translate the active probe along the y-axis in either the positive (4) or negative (6)
numeric keypad direction.
7 or 9 key on the Translate the active probe along the z-axis in either the positive (7) or negative (9)
numeric keypad direction.
SHIFT + the 1, 3, Translate the active probe along the x-, y-, or z-axis faster than by pressing the
4, 6, 7, or 9 key numeric key alone.
on the numeric
keypad
CTRL + the 1, 3, Change the size of the active probe as follows:
4, 6, 7, or 9 key • 1 decreases or 2 increases size in x-direction.
on the numeric • 4 decreases or 6 increases size in y-direction.
keypad
• 7 decreases or 9 increases size in z-direction.

Shortcuts for slicers If you have a voxet and the slicer displayed in the 3D Viewer, you can use the following
shortcuts:

If you The result is to

Press F Add or removes a "clipping" plane in front of the slicer.
Press B Add or removes a "clipping" plane behind the slicer.
Rotate the mouse Move the slicer forward or backward in depth.
wheel Note This function works only for Linux and Windows platforms.

Shortcuts for You can use the following shortcuts in the Interpretation Modeling Workflow:
interpretation
modeling If you press The result is to
RIGHT or LEFT Move to the previous seismic section.
ARROW
A Activate automatic picking.
M Activate manual picking.
E Activate editing mode.
R Activate restricted mode.
D Activate delete mode.
G Assign the fault stick to the current interpretation.
F Create fault in the Interpret and Model panel.
H Create horizon in the Interpret and Model panel.

A-4 Keyboard Shortcuts and Digitization GOCAD® 2009.1 User Guide

 Part
I

Started
Getting
A.3 Using Selected Interpretation Modeling
Shortcuts
For information about how to use selected shortcuts, see:
• "To change the probe property using the arrow keys," page A-5
• "To change the probe property using the numeric keys," page A-5

To change the probe To quickly change the first property displayed on a probe using the arrow keys, do the
property using the following:
arrow keys
Note This shortcut is for changing only the first property listed for the probe (the property at the
top of the list on the Properties tab).

♦ With the probe you want to modify selected as the active probe in the 3D Viewer (see
Part V: Seismic Interpretation Modeling, "To make a probe the active probe in the
3D Viewer" on page 2-28), do one of the following:
• To select the next voxet property (alphabetically by property name), press the
DOWN ARROW key.
• To select the previous voxet property (reverse-alphabetically by property name),
press the UP ARROW key.
Note If you press the UP or DOWN ARROW key more than once consecutively, the Interpretation
Modeling module cycles through the properties for the selected voxet in alphabetical or reverse-
alphabetical order by the property names.

Each time you press the UP or DOWN ARROW key, the status bar near the bottom of the
GOCAD window updates to display the name of the selected property.

To change the probe To change the first property displayed on a probe using the numeric keys, do the
property using the following:
numeric keys
Notes This shortcut is applicable as follows:
• Only with the numeric keys on the keyboard, not the numeric keypad.
• For changing only the first property listed for the probe (the property at the top of the list on
the Properties tab).

♦ With the probe you want to modify selected as the active probe in the 3D Viewer (see
Part V: Seismic Interpretation Modeling, "To make a probe the active probe in the
3D Viewer" on page 2-28), press one of the numeric keys (between 1 and 9) that
corresponds to the voxet property you want to display. The property numbering is in
alphabetical order by the property names.
Each time you press a numeric key, the property displayed on the probe changes, and the
status bar near the bottom of the GOCAD window updates to display the name of the
currently selected property.

Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0 A.3 Using Selected Interpretation Modeling Shortcuts A-5
Paradigm™

A.4 Digitizing
When you digitize points in the 3D Viewer, such as when you "pick seeds" to interpret
horizons, "pick sticks" to interpret faults, or extract geobodies from your seismic data,
you need to perform several operations with the mouse. For example, when picking
seeds, these operations help you to select and remove seed points (see Figure A–1).
In addition, these operations work the same for digitizing in other views, such as the
Cross Section window. They also work for other types of digitizing, not just for picking
seeds on seismic data as shown in Figure A–1.

During digitizing,
The result is to
when you
Click Add a point and a segment between the last picked point and the current
(also known as "pick" pick. For seismic extraction, extracts a new curve part from the node nearest
when digitizing seeds) the picked voxet column.
Tip When picking seed points for extraction by using an automatic picking 1
method, try to pick voxet cells that are close together (decrease the space
between picks) to avoid unsatisfactory results.
Hold down ALT and For seismic extraction, add a new straight line segment. The new segment
click extends from the node nearest the picked point.
Also, if any type of automatic picking 1 is enabled, the ALT key temporarily
disables it, so that you can manually pick points.
Click with the middle Remove the last segment.
mouse button Caution Clicking successively with the middle mouse button begins
removing additional segments, one at a time, in the order in which you added
them.
Right-click Add the last point and ends the digitization.
Hold down SHIFT and Move the view in the 3D Viewer without ending the digitization. When you
move the mouse release SHIFT, you can resume digitizing.

1. Automatic picking refers to the picking that you can do semi-automatically with tools that are available
with the Interpretation Modeling module (Interpretation Editing toolbar: Auto Pick Horizon
Seeds and Auto Pick Fault Sticks ). For more information about this toolbar, see Part V:
Seismic Interpretation Modeling , "Interpretation Editing toolbar" on page 3-22.

A-6 Keyboard Shortcuts and Digitization GOCAD® 2009.1 User Guide

 Part
I

Started
Getting
Figure A–1 Interpreting a
horizon along the signal Step 1: Pick points
peak by tracking the Click the property display.
seismic signal

Step 2: Remove points

Click with the middle mouse
button.

Step 3: End digitization

When the curve is complete,
right-click to end the extraction
process.

Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0 A.4 Digitizing A-7
Paradigm™

A-8 Keyboard Shortcuts and Digitization GOCAD® 2009.1 User Guide

Index

Symbols alert beep 1-51 beginner

.gprj 2-2 appearance of user level 1-50
toolbars 1-54 user level for
.gprj file 1-7, 2-2
Application workflows 5-13
opening project
toolbar 1-44 browsing
from 1-7
Apply 1-46 for folder 1-52
.prj 2-2
button 1-46 for project 1-7
.prj folder 2-2
vs. OK 1-46 for version 2.0 or
with Cancel 1-46 earlier projects 1-7
Numerics Apply button 1-45, 3-5 buttons
2D-Grid object 3-3 ASCII bottom of
3D Camera 1-16 project file 2-2 workflows 5-2
3D View saving a file of search displaying large
Controller 1-59 results 3-26 icons 1-54
3D Viewer Attribute toolbar 1-16, showing text
digitizing A-6 1-18, 1-43 labels 1-54
selecting an changing attribute ToolTips 1-55
object 3-6 color 1-43
view saving in Attributes 1-20
C
project 2-2 attributes
Camera Snapshot and
3D Viewer 1-15, 1-18 accessing from the Options toolbar 1-18
interface 1-14 Object Tree 1-31
Camera Tools
changing color 1-43 toolbar 1-16, 1-18,
Attributes tab 1-18, 1-40
A 1-20 Camera View
accepting default audio setting 1-50 toolbar 1-18, 1-36,
selection 1-45
1-38
advanced
Cancel button 1-46
settings for B
canceling an
preferences 1-55 Back button in operation 1-51
user level 1-50 workflows 5-2
carrying out
user level for beep setting 1-51 commands 1-45
workflows 5-13

Index-1
Paradigm™

caution confirmation dialog box

cannot load messages 1-56 carrying out commands
objects 2-11 confirming in 1-45
deleting workflow commands 1-46 red text box 1-46
studies 5-8 Coordinates Digitization/Editing
importing objects by toolbar 1-16, 1-18, toolbar 1-17, 1-40
reference 3-8 1-40
Digitization-Selection
modifying imported copying toolbar 1-40
objects 3-8 objects 3-18 digitizing A-1, A-6
modules for version 2.0 workflow studies 5-5 in 3D Viewer A-6
projects 1-64 creating on cross section A-6
multiple lock files for folder in displaying
shared projects 2-6 Favorites 3-42
objects, setting
pressing the ENTER projects 1-5 for 1-51
key 1-45
projects without regions, setting
required restarting 2-10 for 1-51
modules 2-11
studies 5-6 Distribution
shared projects 1-6
subfolder in Manager 1-28
sharing projects 2-6 Favorites 3-42 distributions 1-28
storing files in .prj workflow studies 5-6 dockable windows
folder 2-2
cross section restoring preset
using Apply, OK,
digitizing A-6 locations 1-35
Cancel 1-46
Curve object 3-2 docking areas 1-34
Channel object 3-3
Custom AutoFilter restoring preset size
classifications for
well search 3-33 and locations 1-54
facies 1-27
customizing docking toolbars 1-35
closing a project 2-9
undo and redo 1-56 dragging to edit 1-30
color
customizing the GOCAD Dynamic Region
changing for an object
window 1-59 Editor 1-28
attribute 1-43
dynamic regions 1-28
maps 1-28
dynamic workflow
command line 1-59 D
progression
Command date, searching for indicators 5-11
Terminal 1-59 objects by 3-21
commands default
accessing in the Object folder for objects and E
Tree 1-31 projects 1-52 ENTER key
carrying out 1-45 object selection 3-4 as the OK
confirming 1-46 selection 1-45 button 1-46
ENTER key, deleting caution 1-45
pressing 1-45 entering
all objects 3-19
user input 1-45 information 1-45
folders in
Commands menu 1-47 Favorites 3-42 text, red box 1-46
changing object object 3-19 error
type 1-47
objects 3-18 beep 1-51
selecting
objects from license manager 1-7
commands 1-47
Favorites 3-42 expanding areas of the
CompatibilityWithOtherP
detaching workflows and main window 5-14
roducts 1-60
panels 5-14 exporting

Index-2 GOCAD® 2009.1 User Guide

 Part
I

Started
Getting
objects 3-43 finding, replacing 3-26, H
search results 3-26 3-33
handle, for toolbar or
extension for project folder menu bar 1-34
file 1-7 containing project Help button in
files 2-2 workflows 5-2
creating in hiding
F Favorites 3-42
menu bar 1-35
facies default for objects and
object 1-30
classifying 1-27 projects 1-52
toolbar 1-35
Favorites 1-23, 1-24 deleting from
Favorites 3-42 history 1-59
adding object 3-42
for temporary HTML
caution deleting
objects from 3-42 items 1-57 workflow report 5-16
creating folder 3-42 moving in
Favorites 3-42
creating I
subfolder 3-42 renaming in
Favorites 3-42 ignored while importing
deleting folder 3-42 objects, projects 3-11
font, changing 1-55
deleting objects importing
from 3-42
editing source
list in Object G objects 3-8
Tree 1-24
geometric object 3-2 object from
moving folders, objects project 3-8, 3-9
geoscience modules 1-9
in 3-42
getting information objects by
organizing 3-42 reference 3-8
about objects 3-25
removing objects objects from external
GOCAD
from 3-42 sources 3-13
interface 1-17
renaming referenced object 3-9
folders 3-42 project 2-2
resolving
favorites project file 2-2
references 3-11
adding well search quitting 1-65
Information pane 1-59
results 3-41 status bar 1-16, 1-18
interactive workflow
Favorites list 1-26 Gocad
progression
Features 1-23 window 1-14, 1-17 indicators 5-12
Features list in Object status bar 1-16, interface
Tree 1-25 1-18
GOCAD Suite 1-14
file GOCAD Suite
GOCAD Suite
project 2-2 interface 1-14 3D Viewer 1-15
file for projects 2-2 GOCAD Suite 3D Viewer Gocad window 1-17
filtering interface 1-15 Interpreter Assistant
well search GOCAD window 1-34 detaching panel 5-14
results 3-31 customizing 1-59
filters (dynamic GPRJ file 1-7, 2-2
regions) 1-28
grid lines in search
K
finding results, showing 3-25 keyboard entry 1-45
and replacing 3-26, Group object 3-3 keyboard shortcuts A-1
3-33
wells 3-29
within current
L
search 3-26, 3-33 large icons 1-54

Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0 Index-3

Paradigm™

license manager changing without navigation pane 5-2

error 1-7 restarting 2-10 in workflows 5-9
limiting undo 1-56 choosing 1-8 Workspace 5-9
linked objects 3-8 choosing for a new
Linux project 1-11
project 1-5
starting GOCAD 1-2, descriptions 1-9
search window 3-21
1-5 for drilling 1-11
Next button in
starting GOCAD 3D for geosciences 1-9 workflows 5-2
Viewer 1-13 for interpretation 1-9
loading for reservoir
object 3-14 modeling 1-10 O
object from data for reservoir object 3-8, 3-11
file 3-14 production 1-10 2D-Grid 3-3
lock file 2-6 for system 1-11 about 3-2
deleting 2-6 OpenSpirit 1-11 adding to
Locks Manager 2-8 required 2-11 Favorites 3-42
saving in project 2-2 attributes 1-31
suites caution deleting from
M Favorites 3-42
Gocad 1-11
Main toolbar 1-15, Channel 3-3
1-17, 1-35 Risk
Assessment 1-11 copying 3-18
markers
More Options 3-5 Curve 3-2
searching for 3-21
mouse button default folder 1-52
menu bar 1-15, 1-17,
preferences 1-57 default selection 3-4
1-34
mouse buttons deleting 3-18, 3-19
area 1-16
digitizing A-6 deleting all 3-19
Commands 1-47
mouse functions A-6 deleting from
handle for 1-34
Favorites 3-42
seeing the name moving toolbars 1-35
editing by
for 1-34 mulitple processors
dragging 1-30
selecting setting
editing source 3-8
commands 1-47 preferences 1-58
exporting
showing or multi-processing
formats 3-43
hiding 1-35 setting
exporting
messages preferences 1-58
properties 3-43
turning off 1-56 Multivariate Statistics 2D
geometric 3-2
middle mouse button window 1-44
getting information
simulating 1-57 Multivariate Statistics 3D
for 3-25
window 1-44
missing imported object, Group 3-3
project 3-11
ignored,
Model3d object 3-3 N imported 3-11
module naming rules for importing by
adding 1-12 objects 3-7 reference 3-8, 3-9
caution for version 2.0 navigating in importing from
projects 1-64 workflows 5-9 external
changing for a navigation buttons sources 3-13
project 1-7, 1-8, in workflows 5-9 importing from
1-12 project 3-8, 3-9
Workspace 5-9
linking 3-8

Index-4 GOCAD® 2009.1 User Guide

 Part
I

Started
Getting
loading from data accessing Pick Multiple 3-5
file 3-14 commands 1-31 picking multiple 3-5
missing, description 1-23 PointsSet object 3-2
imported 3-11 dragging in 1-30 preferences
Model3d 3-3 Favorites 1-24 advanced
moving within Features 1-25 settings 1-55
Favorites 3-42
Objects 1-26 appearance
picking in viewer 3-5 setting 1-53
Resources 1-27
PointsSet 3-2 confirmation messages
showing or hiding
removing from objects 1-30 setting 1-56
Favorites 3-42 font setting 1-55
working in 1-30
renaming 3-18 general settings 1-49
Object Tree 1-18
reservoir grid 3-2 middle mouse
Objects 1-23
resolving button 1-57
objects
references 3-11 multi-processing
2D view,
resource 3-2 settings 1-58
definition 1-23
rules for naming 3-7 restoring 1-58
geometric,
saving 3-15, 3-17 definition 1-23 setting 1-48
saving with default resource, temporary
name and definition 1-23 folder 1-57
path 3-15 text size setting 1-55
Objects list 1-24, 1-26
searching for 3-20, ToolTip setting 1-55
Objects list in the Object
3-21
Tree 1-26 undo and redo 1-56
selecting 3-4
Objects tab 1-18, 1-20 user level
from list 3-5 setting 1-50
OK 1-46
in viewer 3-6 PRJ folder 2-2
button 1-46
multiple 3-5 probe
vs. Apply 1-46
multiple from keyboard
vs. Cancel 1-46
list 3-6 shortcuts A-4
OK button 1-45, 3-5
multiple in property
viewer 3-6 Open button 1-45
change with arrow
options 3-5 opening
keys A-5
shown 3-5 another project 2-10
change with numeric
SGrid 3-2 existing projects 2-11 keys A-5
showing or projects 1-6 progress indicator 1-18
hiding 1-30 projects without setting preferences
Solid 3-2 restarting 2-11 for 1-51
source of recent projects 1-6 progression indicators
reference 3-8 version 2.0 or earlier for workflows 5-10,
Surface 3-2 projects 1-7 5-11, 5-12
typing names OpenSpirit project 2-2
for 1-45 module 1-11 .gprj file 1-7
Voxet 3-2 overwriting projects 2-4 adding or changing
Well 3-3 modules 1-12
working with 3-1 P browsing for 1-7
Object Selector 3-5 browsing for version
Pick 3-5
Object Tree 1-16, 1-23 2.0 or earlier 1-7
pick
accessing choosing
see also digitizing
attributes 1-31 modules 1-11

Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0 Index-5

Paradigm™

choosing modules working with 2-1 required values 1-45

for 1-8 project file 2-2 reservoir grid 3-2
closing 2-9 Project Information resolving
creating 1-5 opening 2-3 references 3-11
creating without Project Modules resource objects 3-2
restarting 2-10 Selector 1-8, 1-11, Resources 1-23
default folder 1-52 1-12 Classifications 1-27
editing imported 3-8 Property Statistics Colormaps 1-28
file 1-7, 2-2 window 1-44
Distributions 1-28
finding units 2-3 property types 1-29
Dynamic
folder 2-2 Regions 1-28
folder for 1-7 Q list 1-27
GOCAD Suite version quick tour, Gocad PropertyTypes 1-29
2.0 or earlier 1-8 window 1-14 StratigraphicColumns
importing object quitting a project, 1-29
from 3-8, 3-9 GOCAD 1-65 VariogramModels 1-2
information saved 8
in 2-2 restoring
lock file 2-6 R preferences 1-58
locked 2-6 read-only 2-11 rotation in camera,
missing, read-only project 1-6, setting 1-51
imported 3-11 2-6 rules
opening 1-6 recent project, for digitizing A-6
another 2-10 opening 1-6 rules for digitizing A-1
version 2.0 or red text box 1-46 rules for naming
earlier 1-7 redo 1-56 objects 3-7
without reference object
restarting 2-11 importing 3-9
S
overwriting 2-4 reference object
importing 3-8 Save button 1-45
quitting 1-65
region saving
resolving
references 3-11 dynamic 1-28 a project as 2-4
saving 2-4 filter 1-28 an object as 3-15
version 2.0.8 2-4 regular expression 3-21 objects 3-15, 3-17
with new name or removing objects with default
path 2-4 name and
folder in
path 3-15
saving as 2-4 Favorites 3-42
project 2-4
saving shared 2-6 objects in
Favorites 3-42 project
selecting
information 2-2
existing 1-6 renaming
project with new name
recent 1-6 folders in
or path 2-4
setting units for 1-12 Favorites 3-42
projects 2-4
setting up 1-2 objects 3-18
shared project 2-6
sharing 2-6 workflow studies 5-5
version 2.0.8
version 2.0 or renaming object 3-18
projects 2-4
earlier 1-7, 1-12, replacing text 3-26,
saving projects
2-11 3-33
Locks Manager 2-8
version 2.0.8 2-4 Report button in
workflows 5-2 ScreenTips 1-55

Index-6 GOCAD® 2009.1 User Guide

 Part
I

Started
Getting
search criteria selection progression
saving well accepting indicators 5-10
search 3-40 default 1-45 starting a workflow 5-6
searching options for starting GOCAD 1-2,
by date 3-21 objects 3-5 1-4
finding and session history 1-59 for Linux 1-2, 1-5
replacing 3-26, workflow report 5-16 for Windows 1-4
3-33 Set Default Button 3-6 from .gprj file 1-7
finding in 3-26, 3-33 setting user from project file
for markers 3-21 preferences 1-48 for Linux 1-7
for object SGrid object 3-2 for Windows 1-7
information 3-25 shared projects with new project 1-5
for objects 3-20, 3-21 saving 2-6 starting GOCAD 3D
opening another sharing projects 2-6 Viewer 1-13
window for 3-26
caution 1-6, 2-6 Linux 1-13
results
lock file 2-6 Windows 1-13
changing
Locks Manager 2-8 status bar 1-16, 1-18,
viewer 3-25
shortcut menu 1-31 1-45
displaying in
shortcuts, keyboard A-1 status, of
viewer 3-25
processes 1-51
exporting to ASCII Show 3D
Crossplot 1-44 stratigraphic
file 3-26
column 1-29
showing grid Show Crossplot 1-44
study See workflow
lines 3-25 Show Histogram 1-44
study 5-5
sorting 3-24 Show Spatial Data
study, See workflow
using regular Analysis 1-44
study 5-5
expression 3-21 showing
subfolder, creating in
using results 3-20 grid lines in search Favorites 3-42
using wildcards 3-23 results 3-25
Surface object 3-2
wells 3-29 menu bar 1-35
switching
within current object 1-30
steps in
results 3-26, 3-33 toolbar 1-35 workflows 5-9,
Searching for simulating middle mouse 5-12
Wells 3-29 button 1-57
Select All in List 3-5 size of text 1-55
skipping
T
Select from List 3-5
steps in tabs 1-20
Select Multiple from
List 3-5 workflows 5-9, Objects 1-20
Select Shown 3-5 5-12 Workflows 1-20
selecting slicer Task Pane 1-16
all objects 3-5 keyboard 3D Viewer
shortcuts A-4 Controller 1-20
from list 3-5
Slicer toolbar 1-18 Attributes tab 1-20
multiple from list 3-6
Solid object 3-2 Task Pane 1-18
multiple in viewer 3-6
sorting search Objects tab 1-20
object 3-4
results 3-24 tabs 1-20
object default 3-4
source objects, working in 1-20
object in viewer 3-6 imported 3-8
temporary items
selecting commands on standard workflow folder 1-57
the menu bar 1-47

Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0 Index-7

Paradigm™

text red box 1-46 Voxet object 3-2

box 1-45
red 1-46
U W
changing the
undo 1-56 warning beep 1-51
font 1-55
undo and redo well
changing the
preferences 1-56 searching for 3-29
size 1-55
units Well object 3-3
showing labels for
buttons 1-54 checking for an wildcard searching 3-23
existing project 2-3
toolbar 1-15, 1-17, window
1-34 saving in project 2-2
GOCAD 1-34
appearance, setting for a
Gocad 1-14, 1-17
modifying 1-54 project 1-12
Windows
Application 1-44 setting for version 2.0
or earlier starting GOCAD 1-4
area 1-16, 1-18
projects 1-12 starting GOCAD 3D
Attribute 1-43 Viewer 1-13
user input 1-45
Camera Tools 1-40 workflow
validating 1-46
Camera View 1-36, advanced, beginner
user level
1-38 user levels 5-13
advanced 1-50
changing the Back button 5-2
appearance 1-54 beginner 1-50
basic navigation 5-9
Coordinates 1-40 changing 1-50
basics 5-1
Digitization/ user preferences 1-48
buttons at the
Editing 1-40
bottom 5-2
Digitization-
V commonalities 5-1
Selection 1-40
validating creating a study 5-6
docking 1-35
information 1-46 definition 5-1
handles for 1-34
values detaching from the
Main 1-35
required 1-46 Workspace 5-14
manipulating 1-34
undefined 1-46 displaying
moving 1-35 objects 1-51
Variogram Analyzer
restoring preset expanding and
window 1-44
locations 1-35, collapsing
1-54 variogram model 1-28
areas 5-14
seeing the name version, saving in
Help button 5-2
for 1-34 project 2-2
managing studies 5-5
showing or view
navigating in 5-9
hiding 1-35 saving in project 2-2
navigation
ToolTips viewer
buttons 5-2
for menu bar 1-34 digitizing A-6
navigation pane 5-2
for toolbar 1-34 mouse functions A-6
Next button 5-2
turning on or selecting an
panel 5-2
off 1-55 object 3-6
progression
turning off selecting multiple
indicators 5-10,
messages 1-56 objects 3-6
5-11, 5-12
typing visual feedback,
recommendations
ENTER key, setting 1-50
for 5-1
pressing 1-45 Volume Explorer
information 1-45 detaching panel 5-14

Index-8 GOCAD® 2009.1 User Guide

 Part
I

Started
Getting
report 5-16 starting 5-6 Workflows tab 1-18,
comments, study 1-20
adding 5-16 creating 5-5 Workspace
HTML 5-16 definition 5-5 navigation buttons in
session history 5-16 workflows 5-9
saving to a file 5-5
Report button 5-2 navigation pane in
switching steps 5-9,
workflows 5-9
skipping steps 5-9, 5-12
5-12

Rock & Fluid Canvas™ 2009 | Epos™ 4.0 Index-9

Paradigm™

Index-10 GOCAD® 2009.1 User Guide