RESULT
Time, Level of Acetone, Liquid Fall, t ks
t (ks) L (mm) L-Lo (mm)
,( )
L−L o mm
0 73.55 0 0
0.6 75.40 1.85 0.32
1.2 75.50 1.95 0.62
1.8 76.45 2.90 0.62
2.4 77.20 3.65 0.66
3.0 77.90 4.35 0.69
3.6 78.35 4.80 0.75
Table 1
Figure 1
Graph of t/L-Lo against L-Lo
6
5
4
f(x) = 5.59 x − 0.14
t/L-Lo
3
2
1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
L-Lo
Liquid fall L-Lo (mm): t ks
,
L−L o mm ( )
:
73.55-73.55 = 0
0
75.40-73.55 = 1.85 =0
73.55−73.55
75.50-73.55 = 1.95 0.6
= 0.32
75.40−73.55
76.45-73.55 = 2.90
1.2
77.20-73.55 = 3.65 = 0.62
75.50−73.55
77.90-73.55 = 4.35 1.8
= 0.62
7 6 . 4 5−73.55
78.35-73.55 = 4.80
2.4
= 0.66
7 7.20−73.55
3.0
= 0.69
7 7.90−73.55
3.6
= 0.75
7 8.35−73.55
DISCUSSION
Gas diffusion refers to one of the mass transport process that molecules of interest flow from
regions of high concentration to the low concentration. Diffusion results in the gradual mixing of
the materials, and eventually, it forms a homogeneous mixture. [ CITATION lum \l 1033 ] In this
experiment of gas diffusion, the experiment procedure was performed using the diffusivity
apparatus. The diffusion of acetone that is a volatile liquid into another gas can be studied by
confining a small sample of acetone in a narrow vertical tube while maintaining a constant
temperature of water bath and observing its rate of evaporation into a stream of air that passed
across the top of the tube and this method is known as Winkelmann’s method.
Based on the collection of the data, the ratio of the time to the different in height of acetone were
calculated. Other than that, the graphs of the ratio against the difference in liquid level were also
plotted in order to determine the slope. This slope is helpful in order to calculate the diffusivity
of the acetone. The factor that effect the diffusion of acetone from the graph that have been
plotted is the concentration of the gradient which volume of high concentration gradient have a
large difference in the concentration can lead to a greater probability of molecular collisions over
the region and therefore it will increase the rate of diffusion. From the results of the experiment,
the diffusivity of vapor at the temperature of 50°C was determined which is 1.8890 x 10-8 m2/s.
The level of acetone in this experiment rise up with the increase of the time and the final level of
acetone is 78.35mm. The liquid fall were then calculated with L-Lo and the final liquid fall
shows 4.80mm.
However, during conducting the experiment, there were several errors or mistake occurred that
affecting slightly the results that obtained. First when taking the reading of the meniscus acetone
level. The eye level should be parallel to the meniscus in order to get the accurate reading. When
adjusting the meniscus, make sure the meniscus is located nearer to the horizontal line before
taking any reading from the Vernier scale. When confining the acetone, make sure there are no
bubbles formed. The temperature that have been specified should be constant along the
experiment. In conclusion, it has been theoretically proved that diffusivity of acetone with higher
concentration gradient will have the higher value.
APPENDIX
From the graph plotted,
Slope of the graph, s = 5.5908ks/mm2
5.5908 ks 60 s 10002 mm2
= × ×
mm2 0.06 1m
= 5.5908x 108 s/m2
Molecular weight, M (kg/mol)
Molecular weight of acetone = 58.08 g/mol
= 58.08 kg/kmol
Total molar concentration, CT (kmol/m3) given
C T =¿ 0.0377 kmol/m3
Logarithmic mean molecular concentration of vapour, CBm (kmol/m3)
CB1 = CT
CB1 = 0.0377 kmol/m3
C B 2= 0.00731 kmol/m3
( C B 1−C B 2 )
C Bm=
(C B 1 )
ln
(C B 2 )
(0.03 77−0.0 0731)
= 0.0377
ln
0.0 0731
= 0.0185 kmol/m3
Saturation concentration at interface, CA given
CA = 0.0304 kmol/m3
Diffusivity, D (m2/s)
ρL = 760 kg/m3
( ρL C Bm )
D =
s (2 M C A C T )
kg kmol
=
( 760
m 3 )
(0.0 185 3 )
m
s kg kmol kmol
( m ) (
5.5908 x 10 9 2 ( 2 ) 58.08
kmol )( )
0.0 304 3 (0.03 77 3 )
m m
= 1.8890 x 10-8 m2/s
