A unity feedback system has the loop transfer function (a) Determine the breakaway and entry

points of the root locus and sketch the root locus for K > 0. (b) Determine the gain K when the
two characteristic roots have a ζ of 1/√2. (c) Calculate the roots.

Consider a unity negative feedback system with Gc(s) = K and G(s) = s2 - s + 2 / s2 + 2s + 1.

Develop an m-file to compute the roots of the closed-loop transfer function characteristic
polynomial for K = 1, 2, and 5. For which values of K is the closed-loop system stable?

Determine the roots of the following characteristic equations: (a) q(s) = s3 + 3s2 + 10s + 14 = 0.
(b) q(s) = s4 + 8s3 + 24s2 + 32s + 16 = 0. (c) q(s) = s4 + 2s2 + 1 = 0.

Consider a system in state variable form: (a) Compute the characteristic equation using the poly
function. (b) Compute the roots of the characteristic equation, and determine whether the system
is stable. (c) Obtain the response plot of y(t) when u(t) is a unit step and when the system has
zero initial conditions.

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The elevator in a modern office building travels at a top speed of 25 feet per second and is still
able to stop within one-eighth of an inch of the floor outside. The loop transfer function of the
unity feedback elevator position control is Determine the gain K when the complex roots have a
ζ equal to 0.8.

Designers have developed small, fast, vertical-takeoff fighter aircraft that are invisible to radar
(stealth aircraft). This aircraft concept uses quickly turning jet nozzles to steer the airplane [16].
The control system for the heading or direction control is shown in Figure E6.8. Determine the
maximum gain of the sy

A cassette tape storage device has been designed for mass-storage [1]. It is necessary to control
the velocity of the tape accurately. The speed control of the tape drive is represented by the
system shown in Figure P6.9. Figure P6.9 Tape drive control. (a) Determine the limiting gain for
a stable system. (b) Deter

A unity feedback system has a loop transfer function Sketch the root locus for 0 ≤ a < ∞.

A unity negative feedback system with has two parameters to be selected. (a) Determine and plot
the regions of stability for this system. (b) Select Ñ‚ and K so that the steady-state error to a ramp
input is less than or equal to 25% of the input magnitude. (c) Determine the percent overshoot for
a step input for t

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Consider the closed-loop system in Figure E6.26, values of k is the system stable? Where G(s) =
10/s - 10 and Gc(s) = 1/2s + K. (a) Determine the characteristic equation associated with the
closed-loop system. (b) Determine the values of K for which the closed-loop system is stable.
Figure E6.26 Closed-loop feedba

Let us again consider the stability and ride of a rider and high performance motorcycle as
outlined in Problem P6.13. The dynamics of the motorcycle and rider can be represented by the
loop transfer function Sketch the root locus for the system. Determine the ζ of the dominant
roots when K = 3 × 104.

Consider the feedback control system in Figure DP6.7.The system has an inner loop and an outer
loop. The inner loop must be stable and have a quick speed of response. (a) Consider the inner
loop first. Determine the range of K1 resulting in a stable inner loop. That is, the transfer
function Y(s)/U(s) must be stable.

A computer system requires a high-performance magnetic tape transport system [17]. The
environmental conditions imposed on the system result in a severe test of control engineering
design. A direct-drive DC motor system for the magnetic tape reel system is shown in Figure
P7.11, where r equals the reel radius, and J eq

Consider a system represented in state variable form x = Ax + Bu y = Cx + Du, where (a) For
what values of k is the system stable? (b) Develop an m-file to plot the pole locations as a
function of 0 < k < 10 and comment on the results.

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An automatically guided vehicle on Mars is represented by the system in Figure DP6.2. The
system has a steerable wheel in both the front and back of the vehicle, and the design requires
that H(s) = Ks + 1. Determine (a) The value of K required for stability, (b) The value of K when
one root of the characteristic equa

A negative unity feedback system has a loop transfer function where T = 0.1 s. Show that an
approximation for the time delay is Using obtain the root locus for the system for K > 0.
Determine the range of K for which the system is stable.

A tape recorder has a speed control system so that H(s) = 1 with negative feedback and L(s) =
Gc(s)G(s) = K / s(s + 2)(s2 + 4s + 5). (a) Sketch a root locus for K, and show that the dominant
roots are s = -0.35 ± j0.80 when K = 6.5. (b) For the dominant roots of part (a), calculate the
settling time and overshoot f

Consider the feedback system in Figure E7.28. Obtain the negative gain root locus as -∞ < K â
‰¤ 0. For what values of K is the system stable? Figure E7.28 Feedback system for negative
gain root locus.

For systems of relatively high degree, the form of the root locus can often assume an unexpected
pattern. The root loci of four different feedback systems of third order or higher are shown in
Figure P7.24. The open-loop poles and zeros of KG(s) are shown, and the form of the root loci as
K varies from zero to infinity

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A control system is shown in Figure AP7.9. Sketch the root loci for the following transfer
functions Gc(s): (a) Gc(s) = K (b) Gc(s) = K(s + 3) (c) (d) Figure AP7.9 A unity feedback
control system.

One version of a space station is shown in Figure E7.6 [28]. It is critical to keep this station in
the proper orientation toward the Sun and the Earth for generating power and communications.
The orientation controller may be represented by a unity feedback system with an actuator and
controller, such as Gc(s)G(s) =

In recent years, many automatic control systems for guided vehicles in factories have been
installed. One system uses a magnetic tape applied to the floor to guide the vehicle along the
desired lane [10, 15]. Using transponder tags on the floor, the automatically guided vehicles can
be tasked (for example, to speed up

A system has the characteristic equation s4 + 10s3 + 32s2 + 37s + 20 = 0. Using the Routh-
Hurwitz criterion, determine if the system is stable.

Solid-state integrated electronic circuits are composed of distributed R and C elements.

Therefore, feedback electronic circuits in integrated circuit form must be investigated by
obtaining the transfer function of the distributed RC networks. It has been shown that the slope
of the attenuation curve of a distributed R

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A feedback system is shown in Figure AP7.10. Sketch the root locus as K varies when K ≥ 0.
Determine a value for K that will provide a step response with an overshoot less than 5% and a
settling time (with a 2% criterion) less than 2.5 seconds.

The fuel control for an automobile uses a diesel pump that is subject to parameter variations. A
unity negative feedback has a loop transfer function (a) Sketch the root locus as K varies from 0
to 2000. (b) Find the roots for K equal to 400, 500, and 600. (c) Predict how the percent
overshoot to a step will vary fo

A control system with PI control is shown in Figure AP7.12. (a) Let KI/KP = 0.2 and determine
KP so that the complex roots have maximum damping ratio. (b) Predict the step response of the
system with KP set to the value determined in part (a). Figure AP7.12 A control system with a PI
controller.
A unity feedback control system has a transfer function We desire the dominant roots to have a
damping ratio equal to 0.707. Find the gain K when this condition is satisfied. Show that the
complex roots are s = -3.56 ± j3.56 at this gain.

A pilot crane control is shown in Figure DP7.11(a). The trolley is moved by an input F(t) in
order to control x(t) and Ï•(t) [13]. The model of the pilot crane control is shown in Figure
DP7.11(b). Design a controller that will achieve control of the desired variables when Gc(s) = K.
Figure DP7.11 (a) Pilot crane con

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Determine the bandwidth of the feedback control system in Figure E8.I3. Figure E8.13 Third-
order feedback system.

Consider again the power control system of Problem P7.7 when the steam turbine is replaced by
a hydro turbine. For hydro turbines, the large inertia of the water used as a source of energy
causes a considerably larger time constant. The transfer function of a hydro turbine may be
approximated by where Ñ‚ = 1 second. W

A compact disc player for portable use requires a good rejection of disturbances and an accurate
position of the optical reader sensor. The position control system uses unity feedback and a loop
transfer function The parameter p can be chosen by selecting the appropriate DC motor. Sketch
the root locus as a function o

The achievement of safe, efficient control of the spacing of automatically controlled guided
vehicles is an important part of the future use of the vehicles in a manufacturing plant [14, 15]. It
is important that the system eliminate the effects of disturbances (such as oil on the floor) as well
as maintain accurate sp

Consider the single-input, single-output system described by x(t) = Ax(t) + Bu(t) y(t) = Cx(t)
where Compute the bandwidth of the system for K = 1, 2, and 10. As K increases, does the
bandwidth increase or decrease?

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Sketch the Bode diagram representation of the frequency response for the transfer functions
given in Problem P8.1.

A robotic arm has a joint-control loop transfer function Show that the frequency equals 28.3
rad/s when the phase angle of L(jω) is -180°. Find the magnitude of L(jω) at that frequency.

Automatic control of helicopters is necessary because, unlike fixed-wing aircraft which possess a
fair degree of inherent stability, the helicopter is quite unstable. A helicopter control system that
utilizes an automatic control loop plus a pilot stick control is shown in Figure P7.5. When the
pilot is not using the c
The Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey Tilt rotor is both an airplane and a helicopter. Its advantage is the
ability to rotate its engines to 90° from a vertical position for takeoffs and landings as shown in
Figure P7.33(a), and then to switch the engines to a horizontal position for cruising as an airplane
[20]. The altitude c

A system to aid and control the walk of a partially disabled person could use automatic control of
the walking motion [25]. One model of a system that is open-loop unstable is shown in Figure
DP7.6. Using the root locus, select K for the maximum achievable ζ of the complex roots.
Predict the step response of the syste

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Consider the feedback system shown in Figure CP7.1, where For what value of K is ζ = 0.707
for the dominant closed-loop poles?

The magnitude plot of a transfer function is shown in Figure E8.5. Determine K, a, and b from
the plot. Figure E8.5 Bode diagram.

A linear actuator is used in the system shown in Figure P8.10 to position a mass M. The actual
position of the mass is measured by a slide wire resistor, and thus H{s) = 1.0. The amplifier gain
is selected so that the steady-state error of the system is less than 1 % of the magnitude of the
position reference R(s). The

Increased track densities for computer disk drives necessitate careful design of the head
positioning control [1]. The loop transfer function is Plot the frequency response for this system
when K = 4. Calculate the phase and magnitude at ω = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and ∞.

Sketch the polar plot of the frequency response for the following loop transfer functions: (a) (b)
(c) (d)

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A position control system may be constructed by using an AC motor and AC components, as

shown in Figure P8.13.The syncro and control transformer may be considered to be a
transformer with a rotating winding. The syncro position detector rotor turns with the load
through an angle 80. The syncro motor is energized with a

A micro robot with a high-performance manipulator has been designed for testing very small
particles, such as simple living cells [6]. The single-loop unity negative feedback system has a
loop transfer function (a) Sketch the root locus for K > 0. (b) Find the gain and roots when the
characteristic equation has two i

Consider the feedback system shown in Figure DP7.14. The process transfer function is
marginally stable. The controller is the proportional-derivative (PD) controller Gc(s) = KP +
KDs. (a) Determine the characteristic equation of the closed-loop system. (b) Let Ñ‚ = KP/KD.
Write the characteristic equation in the fo

Compute the partial fraction expansion of and verify the result using the residue function.

Determine the root sensitivity of the dominant roots of Problem P7.1(a) when K is set so that the
damping ratio of the unperturbed roots is 0.707. Evaluate and compare the sensitivity as a
function of the poles and zeros of Gc(s)G(s).

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The vehicle Rover has been designed for maneuvering at 0.25 mph over Martian terrain. Because
Mars is 189 million miles from Earth and it would take up to 40 minutes each way to
communicate with Earth [22, 27], Rover must act independently and reliably. Resembling a cross
between a small flatbed truck and an elevated j

For the successful development of space projects, robotics and automation will be a key
technology. Autonomous and dexterous space robots can reduce the workload of astronauts and
increase operational efficiency in many missions. Figure P8.20 shows a concept called a free-
flying robot [9,13]. A major characteristic of

Identify the parameters K, a, and b of the system shown in Figure P7.37. The system is subject to
a unit step input, and the output response has an overshoot but ultimately attains the final value
of 1. When the closed-loop system is subjected to a ramp input, the output response follows the
ramp input with a finite st

Large antenna, as shown in Figure CP7.6(a), is used to receive satellite signals and must
accurately track the satellite as it moves across the sky. The control system uses an armature-
controlled motor and a controller to be selected, as shown in Figure CP7.6(b). The system
specifications require a steady-state error f

Determine the transfer function of the op-amp circuit shown in Figure P8.26. Assume an ideal
op-amp. Plot the frequency response when R1 = 9k . R2 = 1 k , and C = μF

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A unity negative feedback system has the loop transfer function Develop an m-file to plot the
root locus and show with the rlocfind function that the maximum value of K for a stable system
is K = 0.79.

A DC motor controller used extensively in automobiles is shown in Figure P8.19(a). The

measured plot of Q(s)/I(s) is shown in Figure P8.19(b). Determine the transfer function of
Q(s)/I(s). FIGURE P8.19 (a) Motor controller. (b) Measured plot.
A mobile robot using a vision system as the measurement device is shown in Figure DP7.7(a)
[36]. The control system is shown in Figure DP7.7(b) where G(s) = 1 / (s + 1)(0.5s + 1). and
Gc(.f) is selected as a PI controller so that the steady-state error for a step input is equal to zero.
We then have Design the PI co

Consider the system represented in state variable form (a) Determine the transfer function
representation of the system. (b) Sketch the Bode plot.

An RLC network is shown in Figure P7.30. The nominal values (normalized) of the network
elements are L - C = 1 and R = 2.5. Show that the root sensitivity of the two roots of the input
impedance Z(s) to a change in R is different by a factor of 4. Figure P7.30 RLC network.

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Automatic steering of a ship would be a particularly useful application of feedback control

theory [20]. In the case of heavily traveled seas, it is important to maintain the motion of the ship
along an accurate track. An automatic system would be more likely to maintain a smaller error
from the desired heading than a

Using the rlocus function, obtain the root locus for the following transfer functions of the system
shown in Figure CP7.1 when 0 < K < ∞: (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure CP7.1 A single-loop feedback
system with parameter K.

Several studies have proposed an extravehicular robot that could move around in a NASA space
station and perform physical tasks at various worksites [9]. The arm is controlled by a unity
feedback control with loop transfer function Draw the Bode diagram for K = 20, and determine
the frequency when 20 log|L(jω)| is 0

The frequency response for a process of the form is shown in Figure E8.4. Determine K and a by
examining the frequency response curves. Figure E8.4 Bode diagram.

A unity negative feedback system has a loop transfer function Sketch the root locus as a function
of K. Carefully calculate where the segments of the locus enter and leave the real axis.

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A control system is shown in Figure AP7.11. Sketch the root locus, and select a gain K so that
the step response of the system has an overshoot of less than 10% and the settling time (with a
2% criterion) is less than 4 seconds. Figure AP7.11 A control system with parameter K.

A remote manipulator control system has unity feedback and a loop transfer function We want
the steady-state position error for a step input to be less than or equal to 10% of the magnitude of
the input. Sketch the root locus as a function of the parameter α. Determine the range of α
required for the desired steady-
The analysis of a large antenna was presented in Problem P4.5. Sketch the root locus of the
system as 0 < ka < ∞. Determine the maximum allowable gain of the amplifier for a stable
system.

A robotic arm actuated at the elbow joint is shown in Figure DP7.9(a), and the control system for
the actuator is shown in Figure DP7.9(b). Plot the root locus for K ≥ 0. Select Gp(s) so that
the steady-state error for a step input is equal to zero. Using the Gp(s) selected, plot y(t) for K
equal to 1, 1.5, and 2.85.

A unity feedback system has a loop transfer function Sketch the root locus for K > 0, and select a
value for K that will provide a closed step response with settling time less than 1 second.

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A rejection network that can be used instead of the twin-T network of Example 8.4 is the
bridged-T network shown in Figure P8.3. The transfer function of this network is where
Compute the bandwidth of the system for K - 1,2, and 10. As K increases, does the bandwidth
increase or decrease? FIGURE P8.3 Bridged-T netwo

A unity feedback system has a loop transfer function (a) Sketch the root locus and determine K
for a stable system with complex roots with ζ equal to l/√2. (b) Determine the root sensitivity
of the complex roots of part (a). (c) Determine the percent change in K (increase or decrease) so
that the roots lie on the

The drive motor and slide system uses the output of a tachometer mounted on the shaft of the
motor as shown in Figure CDP4.1 (switch-closed option). The output voltage of the tachometer
is vT = K1θ. Use the velocity feedback with the adjustable gain K1. Select the best values for
the gain K1 and the amplifier gain Ka

A unity negative feedback system has the loop transfer function Develop an m-file to obtain the
root locus as p varies; 0 < p < ∞. For what values of p is the closed-loop stable?

Repeat Problem P7.22 for the loop transfer function Gc(s)G(s) of Problem P7.1(c). Problem
P7.22 Determine the root sensitivity of the dominant roots of Problem P7.1(a) when K is set so
that the damping ratio of the unperturbed roots is 0.707. Evaluate and compare the sensitivity as
a function of the poles and zeros o

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Consider the non unity feedback system in Figure E8.14, where the controller gain is K = 2.
Sketch the Bode plot of the loop transfer function. Determine the phase of the loop transfer
function when the magnitude 20 log|L(jω)| = 0 dB. Recall that the loop transfer function is L(s)
= Gc(s)G(s)H(s). Figure E8.14 Non u
A control system for controlling the pressure in a closed chamber is shown in Figure P8.4. The
transfer function for the measuring element is and the transfer function for the valve is The
controller transfer function is Gc(s) = 2s + 1. Obtain the frequency response characteristics for
the loop transfer function G

Consider the spacecraft single-axis attitude control system shown in Figure CP7.8. The controller
is known as a proportional-derivative (PD) controller. Suppose that we require the ratio of
KP/KD = 5. Then, develop an m-file using root locus methods find the values of KD/J and KP/J
so that the settling time Ts is less

A unity feedback system has the loop transfer function This system is open-loop unstable. (a)
Determine the range of K so that the closed-loop system is stable. (b) Sketch the root locus. (c)
Determine the roots for K = 10. (d) For K = 10, predict the percent overshoot for a step input
using Figure 5.13. (e) Dete

A unity feedback control system shown in Figure AP7.14 has the process Design a PID
controller using Ziegler-Nichols methods. Determine the unit step response and the unit
disturbance response. What is the maximum percent overshoot and settling time for the unit step
input? Figure AP7.14 Unity feedback loop with PID

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The block diagram of a feedback control system is shown in Figure P8.12(a).The transfer
functions of the blocks are represented by the frequency response curves shown in Figure
P8.12(b).

The frequency response of a process G(j(o). Deduce the type number (number of integrations)
for the system. Determine the transfer function of the system, G(s). Calculate the error to a unit
step input.

The speed control system for an isolated power system is shown in Figure P7.7. The valve
controls the steam flow input to the turbine in order to account for load changes ΔL(s) within the
power distribution network. The equilibrium speed desired results in a generator frequency equal
to 60 cps. The effective rotary in

A unity feedback system has the loop transfer function Find (a) The breakaway point on the real
axis and the gain K for this point (b) The gain and the roots when two roots lie on the imaginary
axis, and (c) The roots when K = 6. (d) Sketch the root locus.

The four-wheel-steering automobile has several benefits. The system gives the driver a greater
degree of control over the automobile. The driver gets a more forgiving vehicle over a wide
variety of conditions. The system enables the driver to make sharp, smooth lane transitions. It
also prevents yaw, which is the swayi
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The automatic control of an airplane is one example that requires multiple-variable feedback
methods. In this system, the attitude of an aircraft is controlled by three sets of surfaces:
elevators, a rudder, and ailerons, as shown in Figure DP7.I3(a). By manipulating these surfaces,
a pilot can set the aircraft on a de

A welding torch is remotely controlled to achieve high accuracy while operating in changing and
hazardous environments [21]. A model of the welding arm position control is shown in Figure
DP7.4, with the disturbance representing the environmental changes. (a) With Td(s) = 0, select
K1 and K to provide high-quality per

Consider a system with a closed-loop transfer function This system will have no steady-state
error for a step input. (a) Plot the frequency response, noting the two peaks in the magnitude
response. (b) Predict the time response to a step input, noting that the system has four poles and
cannot be represented as a dom

To meet current U.S. emissions standards for automobiles, hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon
monoxide (CO) emissions are usually controlled by a catalytic converter in the automobile
exhaust. Federal standards for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are met mainly by exhaust-gas
recirculation (EGR) techniques. However, as NOx emi

An attitude control system for a satellite vehicle within the earth's atmosphere is shown in Figure
P7.6. The transfer functions of the system are and (a) Draw the root locus of the system as K
varies from 0 to ∞. (b) Determine the gain K that results in a system with a settling time (with a
2% criterion) less tha

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Consider the system represented in state variable form x = Ax + Bu y = Cx + Du, where (a)
Determine the characteristic equation. (b) Using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, determine the
values of k for which the system is stable. (c) Develop an m-file to plot the root locus and
compare the results to those obtained i

High-speed trains for U.S. railroad tracks must traverse twists and turns. In conventional trains,
the axles are fixed in steel frames called trucks. The trucks pivot as the train goes into a curve,
but the fixed axles stay parallel to each other, even though the front axle tends to go in a different
direction from the

A unity feedback system has the loop transfer function Sketch the Bode plot of the loop transfer
function and indicate how the magnitude 20 log |L(jω)| plot varies as K varies. Develop a table
for K = 0.75,2, and 10, and for each K determine the crossover frequency (ωc. for 201og|L(Ï
‰))| = 0 dB), the magnitude at lo
(a) Sketch the Bode diagram of G(jω). (b) Find the mid band gain (in dB). (c) Find the high and
low frequency - 3 dB points.

Most commercial op-amps are designed to be unity-gain stable [26]. That is, they are stable
when used in a unity-gain configuration. To achieve higher bandwidth, some op-amps relax the
requirement to be unity-gain stable. One such amplifier has a DC gain of 105 and a bandwidth of
10 kHz. The amplifier, G(s), is connect

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The feedback system shown in Figure AP7.13 has two unknown parameters K1 and K2. The
process transfer function is unstable. Sketch the root locus for 0 ≤ K1, K2 < ∞. What is the
fastest settling time that you would expect of the closed-loop system in response to a unit step
input R(s) = 1/s? Explain. Figure AP7.13

A tendon-operated robotic hand can be implemented using a pneumatic actuator [8]. The actuator
can be represented by Plot the frequency response of G(jω). Show that the magnitude of G(jÏ
‰) is -17 dB at ω = 10 and -27.1 dB at ω = 200. Show also that the phase is -138.7° at ω
= 700.

Remote operation plays an important role in hostile environments, such as those in nuclear or
high temperature environments and in deep space. In spite of the efforts of many researchers, a
teleportation system that is comparable to the human's direct operation has not been developed.
Research engineers have been tryin

A feedback system has a loop transfer function (a) Determine the corner frequencies (break
frequencies) for the Bode plot. (b) Determine the slope of the asymptotic plot at very low
frequencies and at high frequencies. (c) Sketch the Bode magnitude plot.

Consider the feedback control system in Figure E8.11. Sketch the Bode plot of G(s) and
determine the crossover frequency, that is the frequency when 20 1og10|G(jω)| = 0dB. Figure
E8.11 Unity feedback system.

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A feedback system with positive feedback is shown in Figure AP7.7. The root locus for K > 0
must meet the condition Sketch the root locus for 0 < K < ∞.

A position control system for a DC motor is shown in Figure AP7.8. Obtain the root locus for the
velocity feedback constant K, and select K so that all the roots of the characteristic equation are
real (two are equal and real). Estimate the step response of the system for the K selected.
Compare the estimate with the a

A high-performance jet aircraft with an autopilot control system has a unity feedback and control
system, as shown in Figure DP7.5. Sketch the root locus and select a gain K that leads to
dominant poles. With this gain K, predict the step response of the system. Determine the actual
response of the system, and compare

A powerful electro hydraulic forklift can be used to lift pallets weighing several tons on top of
35-foot scaffolds at a construction site. The negative unity feedback system has a loop transfer
function (a) Sketch the root locus for K > 0. (b) Find the gain K when two complex roots have a
ζ of 0.707, and calculate

A high-performance aircraft, shown in Figure DP7.1(a), uses the ailerons, rudder, and elevator to
steer through a three-dimensional flight path [20]. The pitch rate control system for a fighter
aircraft at 10.000 m and Mach 0.9 can be represented by the system in Figure DP7.1(b), where
(a) Sketch the root locus when t

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To determine the transfer function of a process G(s), the frequency response may be measured
using a sinusoidal input. One system yields the data in the following table: Determine the
transfer function G(s).

Consider the feedback control system in Figure CP7.9. Develop an m-file to plot the root locus
for 0 < K < ∞. Find the value of K resulting in a damping ratio of the closed-loop poles equal to
0.707. Figure CP7.9 Unity feedback system with parameter K.

Consider the feedback control system in Figure CP7.7. We have three potential controllers for
our system: 1. Gc(s) = K (proportional controller) 2. Gc(s) = K/s (integral controller) 3. Gc(s) =
K(1 + 1/s) (proportional, integral (PI) controller) The design specifications are Ts ≤ 10
seconds and P.O. ≤ 10% for a

The development of high-speed aircraft and missiles requires information about aerodynamic
parameters prevailing at very high speeds. Wind tunnels are used to test these parameters. These
wind tunnels are constructed by compressing air to very high pressures and releasing it through a
valve to create a wind. Since the

The Bode diagram of a closed-loop film transport system. Assume that the system transfer
function T(s) has two dominant complex conjugate poles, (a) Determine the best second- order
model for the system, (b) Determine the system bandwidth, (c) Predict the percent overshoot and
settling time (with a 2% criterion) fo

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A single-loop negative feedback system has a loop transfer function (a) Sketch the root locus for
0 ≤ K ≤ ∞ to indicate the significant features of the locus. (b) Determine the range of the
gain K for which the system is stable. (c) For what value of K in the range K ≥ 0 do purely
imaginary roots exist? What
The space shuttle has been used to repair satellites and the Hubble telescope. Figure P8.16
illustrates how a crew member, with his feet strapped to the platform on the end of the shuttle's
robotic arm, used his arms to stop the satellite's spin. The control system of the robotic arm has a
closed-loop transfer functio

The top view of a high-performance jet aircraft is shown in Figure AP7.1(a) [20]. Sketch the root
locus and determine the gain K so that the ζ of the complex poles near the jω-axis is the
maximum achievable. Evaluate the roots at this K and predict the response to a step input.
Determine the actual response and compa

A magnetically levitated high-speed train "flies" on an air gap above its rail system, as shown in
Figure AP7.2(a) [24]. The air gap control system has a unity feedback system with a loop
transfer function The feedback control system is illustrated in Figure AP7.2(b). The goal is to
select K so that the response for a

The dynamic analyzer shown in Figure E8.10(a) can be used to display the frequency response of
a system. Also shown is the signal analyzer used to measure the mechanical vibration in the
cockpit of an automobile. Figure E8.10(b) shows the actual frequency response of a system.
Estimate the poles and zeros of the device

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A rover vehicle designed for use on other planets and moons is shown in Figure DP7.12(a) [21].
The block diagram of the steering control is shown in Figure DP7.12(b), where (a) When Gc(s) =
K, sketch the root locus as K varies from 0 to 1000. Find the roots for K equal to 100, 300, and
600. (b) Predict the overshoot,

A large helicopter uses two tandem rotors rotating in opposite directions, as shown in Figure
P7.33(a). The controller adjusts the tilt angle of the main rotor and thus the forward motion as
shown in Figure DP7.2.The helicopter dynamics are represented by and the controller is selected
as (a) Sketch the root locus of

The robot industry in the United States is growing at a rate of 30% a year [8]. A typical industrial
robot has degrees of freedom. A unity feedback position control system for a force-sensing joint
has a loop transfer function where K = 10. Sketch the Bode diagram of this system.

Describe the limitations of file-processing systems. How do database systems make it possible to
overcome these limitations?

Low-altitude wind shear is a major cause of air carrier accidents in the United States. Most of
these accidents have been caused by either micro bursts (small-scale, low-altitude, intense
thunderstorm downdrafts that impact the surface and cause strong divergent outflows of wind) or
by the gust front at the leading edg
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The experimental Oblique Wing Aircraft (OWA) has a wing that pivots, as shown in Figure
P8.17. The wing is in the normal un skewed position for low speeds and can move to a skewed
position for improved supersonic flight [11]. The aircraft control system loop transfer function is
(a) Sketch the Bode diagram, (b) Find t

The Bode diagram of a system is shown in Figure E8.9. Determine the transfer function G(s).
Figure E8.9 Bode diagram.

A mobile robot suitable for nighttime guard duty is available. This guard never sleeps and can
tirelessly patrol large warehouses and outdoor yards. The steering control system for the mobile
robot has a unity feedback with the loop transfer function (a) Find K for all breakaway and entry
points on the real axis. (b)

Describe the core idea underlying in-memory database management systems.

This is a narrative about a small university in Kodai, CA. There are several colleges in the
university. Each college has a name, location, and size. A college offers many courses over four
college terms or quarters - Fall, Winter, Spring, and Summer - during which one or more of these
courses are offered. Course#, Nam

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Give an example of three entity types and accompanying attributes that might be associated with
a database for a car rental agency.

Describe the structure of the ANSI/SPARC three-schema architecture. Compare this structure
with that of the two-schema architecture inherent in a file-processing system.

An organization has a database server with three disk devices. The accounting and payroll
applications share one of these disk devices and are experiencing performance problems. You
have been asked to investigate the problem and tune the databases. What might you suggest to
reduce I/O contention?

Briefly describe four DBMS facilities that are required for database backup and recovery.

Give an example of a relationship type between two entity types where an attribute can be
assigned to the relationship type instead of to one of the two entity types.

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What is transaction integrity? Why is it important?

What is the difference between a serial collection of data and a sequential collection of data?
Which can be used for direct access?
Explain how creating a view may increase data security. Also explain why one should not rely
completely on using views to enforce data security.

Visit the Web sites of one or more popular cloud service providers that provide cloud database
services. Use the table below to map the features listed on the Web site to the major concepts
covered in this chapter. If you are not sure where to start, try amazon.com or cloud. oracle.com

Explain why a file-processing system may be referred to as belonging to a two-schema

architecture.

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Adams, Ives, and Scott Incorporated is an agency that specializes in representing clients in the
fields of sports and entertainment. Given the nature of the business, some employees are given a
company car to drive, and each company car must be assigned to an employee. Each employee
has a unique employee number, plus a

Five recovery techniques are listed below. For each situation described, decide which of the
following recovery techniques is most appropriate. • Backward recovery • Forward
recovery (from latest checkpoint) • Forward recovery (using backup copy of database) •
Reprocessing transactions • Switch a. A pho

For each of the situations described below, select the type of analytics that would address the
specific organizational need and justify your selection. a. A mid-sized bank would like to provide
as much automated support for its lending decisions as possible. b. A large retail chain wants to
understand what factors c

What is the difference between a base entity type and a weak entity type?

Revise the ER diagram drawn in the previous exercise to include the following mandatory
attributes: CLIENT- ID number, name, address (city, state, zip), phone number(s), birthdate;
AGENT - agent number, name, phone number, area; and commission received by an agent for
selling a Policy to a client.

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Fitchwood is a relatively small company (annual premium revenues less than $1B per year) that
insures slightly more than 500,000 automobiles and about 200,000 homes. For what types of
purposes might Fitchwood want to use big data technologies (i.e., either Hadoop or one of the
NoSQL products)?

Describe how Married_to can be modeled as a recursive relationship.

What is an open source DBMS?

Referring to Problem and Exercise 30-5, rank the four candidates for the position of database
administrator at Metro Marketing. Again, support your rankings.

Based on the table above as well as additional research, write a memo in support of or against the
following statement: "Cloud databases will increasingly eliminate the need for data/database
administrators in corporations."

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What is the primary difference between key-value stores and document stores?

List and briefly explain how integrity controls can be used for database security.

Compare and contrast the following terms: a. Data administration; database administration b.
Repository data dictionary

Explain the two common forms of encryption.

Briefly describe four components of a disaster recovery plan.

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Create an example of a recursive relationship with an m:n cardinality constraint.

What is the difference between a database and a database management system?

Define the term partial key.

Suggest some visualization options that Fitchwood managers might want to use to support their
decision making.

Define data independence.

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List and discuss five areas where threats to data security may occur.

Fill in the two authorization tables for Pine Valley Furniture Company below, based on the
following assumptions (enter Y for yes or N for no): • Salespersons, managers, and carpenters
may read inventory records but may not perform any other operations on these records. •
Persons in Accounts Receivable and Accoun

Revisit the four issues identified in Problem and Exercise 30-9. What risk, if any, do each of
them pose to the firm?

Metro Marketers, Inc., wants to build a data warehouse for storing customer information that will
be used for data marketing purposes. Building the data warehouse will require much more
capacity and processing power than it has previously needed, and it is considering Oracle and
Red Brick as its database and data wareh

State at least seven commonly used data mining techniques.

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Demonstrate your understanding of data, metadata, and information using an example.

Whitlock Department Stores runs a multiuser DBMS on a LAN file server. Unfortunately, at the
present time, the DBMS does not enforce concurrency control. One Whitlock customer had a
balance due of $500.00 when the following three transactions related to this customer were
processed at about the same time: • Payment

Compare the concurrency issues that must be dealt with when developing an OLTP system
versus a data warehouse.

Identify six broad categories of implications of big data analytics and decision making.

What is data integrity, and what is the significance of a lack of data integrity?

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How do cardinality constraints and participation constraints relate to the notions of total and
partial participation?

What is the value of using role names to describe the participation of an entity type in a
relationship type?

You take a new job as a database administrator at an organization that has a globally distributed
database. You are asked to analyze the performance of the database, and as part of your analysis,
you discover that all of the processing for regional monthly sales reports is being conducted at
the corporate headquarters

Discuss the difference between existence dependency and identification dependency.

List and briefly explain the ACID properties of a database transaction.

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Why can total participation of an entity type in a relationship type also be referred to as existence
dependency of that entity type in that relationship type?

Identify at least five categories of human activity that are affected by big data and analytics.

Referring to Problem and Exercise 30-5, rank the four candidates for the position of data
warehouse administrator at Metro Marketing. Again, support your rankings.
What is the difference between an authentication scheme and an authorization scheme?

Draw the ER diagram for the two instance diagrams depicted here.

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Indicate whether data administration or database administration is typically responsible for each
of the following functions: a. Managing the data repository b. Installing and upgrading the
DBMS c. Conceptual data modeling d. Managing data security and privacy e. Database planning
f. Tuning database performance

What is the purpose of the GRANT and REVOKE SQL commands? List some actions that can
be granted to or revoked from a user.

How can views be used as part of data security? What are the limitations of views for data
security?

List and describe four common types of database failure.

Review Figure 11-3. For each of the formats, identify the elements that are data values and those
that are labels describing the data.

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Match the following terms to the appropriate definitions: a. Protects data from loss or misuse b.
Reversal of abnormal or aborted transactions c. Describes all database objects d. Automatically
produces a saved copy of an entire database e. Application of after images f. Might analyze your
signature g. Restoring

Oil companies have functional databases, and the consumer-product industry tends to have
product databases. How do financial institutions and the airline industry classify their enterprise
database systems? Use Internet sources to find the answer, and record your findings.

How would Fitchwood's security have to be different if the data mart were made available to
customers via the Internet?

Identify an organization that handles large, sporadic data loads. For example, organizations that
have implemented data warehouses may have large data loads as they populate their data
warehouses. Determine what measures the organization has taken to handle these large loads as
part of its capacity planning.

What is the role of data models in database design?

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Read a SAS White Paper (www.sas.com/ resources/whitepaper/wp_56343.pdf) on the use of
telematics in car insurance. If Fitchwood started to use one of these technologies, what
consequences would it have for its IT infrastructure needs?

What is the difference between deadlock prevention and deadlock resolution?

Describe the core idea underlying in-database analytics.

What changes can be made in data administration at each stage of the traditional database
development life cycle to deliver high-quality robust systems more quickly?

Examine the two applications shown in Figures 8-9a and 8-9b. Identify the various security
considerations that are relevant to each environment.?

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An e-business operates a high-volume catalog sales center. Through the use of clustered servers
and mirrored disk drives, the data center has been able to achieve data availability of 99.5
percent. Although this exceeds industry norms, the organization still receives periodic customer
complaints that the Web site is un

What concerns would you have if you accept a job as a database administrator and discover that
the database users are entering one common password to log on to the database each morning
when they arrive for work? You also learn that they leave their workstations connected to the
database all day, even when they are awa

Briefly describe the difference between a data dictionary and an information repository.

Text mining is an increasingly important subcategory of data mining. Can you identify potential
uses of text mining in the context of an insurance company?

Discuss the purposes for which data mining can be used.

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Review Figure 11-6 and answer the following questions based on it. a. What has happened
between Input and Input'? b. Assume that the values associated with each of the keys (kl, k2,
etc.) are counts. What is the purpose of the Shuffle stage? c. If the overall goal is to count the
number of instances per key, what do

During the Sarbanes-Oxley audit of a financial services company, you note the following issues.
Categorize each of them into the area to which they belong: IT change management, logical
access to data, and IT operations. a. Five database administrators have access to the sa (system
administrator) account that has comp
Distinguish between sequential access and direct access. Give an example of a type of
application for which each is particularly appropriate.

What is the difference between a binary relationship that exhibits a 1:1 cardinality constraint and
a binary relationship that exhibits a 1:n cardinality constraint?

List four job skills necessary for data administrators. List four job skills necessary for database
administrators.

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Contrast the following terms: a. Data mining; text mining b. Pig; Hive c. ROLAP; MOLAP d.
NoSQL; SQL e. Data lake; data warehouse

Explain the purpose of heartbeat queries.

Describe the changing roles of a data administrator and database administrator in environment.

Describe various data types associated with attributes.

What is the difference between "schema on write" and "schema on read"?

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Review the white paper that has been used as a source for Figure 11-9. Which of the following
tasks is the responsibility of data platform, integrated data warehouse, and integrated discovery
platform, respectively? a. Finding new, previously unknown relationships within the data. b.
Storing very large amounts of het

Briefly describe four database administration trends that are emerging today.

Briefly describe four threats to high data availability and at least one measure that can be taken
to counter each of these threats.

Use the instance diagram depicting the ternary relationship Orders shown on the next page to
answer the following questions. a. Which customers order pens from the Galveston warehouse?
b. Which items are ordered by customers from both warehouses? c. Which warehouse fills one or
more orders of items from both custo

Describe the four actions involved in data management.

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Define each of the following terms: a. Data administration b. Database administration c. Two-
phase locking protocol d. Information repository e. Locking f. Versioning g. Deadlock h.
Transaction i. Encryption j. Data availability k. Data archiving 1. Heartbeat query
What is the difference between the conceptual world and the real world? Is it possible for a
conceptual model to represent reality in total? Why or why not?

List four common problems of ineffective data administration.

The following two ER diagrams contain both a cardinality ratio constraint and a participation
constraint. a. In the first ER diagram, is the instance diagram on the right consistent with the ER
diagram on the left? Why or why not? b. In the second ER diagram, is the instance diagram on
the right consistent with the E

The instance diagram shown below illustrates the relationship between Sullivan Insurance
Agency's agents and clients. Using this instance diagram, write the narrative that describes the
relationship between agents and clients. Your narrative should include a description of both the
cardinality ratio and participation c

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What are the four main types of NoSQL database management systems?

What is a key problem associated with defining big data with the five Vs?

Do you see any opportunities for data mining using the Fitchwood data mart? Research data
mining tools and recommend one or two for use with the data mart.

Using the Internet, trace the history of ANSI and ISO and their relevance to the information
systems discipline. Write a summary of your findings.

What are the two key types of security policies and procedures that must be established to aid in
Sarbanes-Oxley compliance?

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Figure 4-40 shows an EER diagram for a university dining service organization that provides
dining services to a major university. a. Transform the EER diagram to a set of relations and
develop a relational schema. b. Diagram the functional dependencies and determine the normal
form for each relation. c. Convert all

Write SQL queries to answer the following questions: a. How many students are enrolled in
Section 2714 in the first semester of 2015? b. Which faculty members have qualified to teach a
course since 2008? List the faculty ID, course, and date of qualification.

Say that you are interested in storing the numeric value 3,456,349.2334. What will be stored,
with each of the following Oracle data types: a. NUMBER (ll) b. NUMBER (11,1) c. NUMBER
(ll,-2) d. NUMBER (11,6) e. NUMBER (6) f. NUMBER DBMS you are using is Oracle. If that
is not the case, feel free to modify the que
Use examples to distinguish between: a. An object type and an entity type b. An object and an
entity c. A property and an attribute d. An entity and an entity instance e. An association and a
relationship f. An object class and an entity class

Fitchwood management would like to use the data mart for drill-down online reporting. For
example, a sales manager might want to view a report of total sales for an agent by month and
then drill down into the individual types of policies to see how sales are broken down by type of
policy. What type of tools would you r

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Contrast the following terms: a. Horizontal partitioning; vertical partitioning b. Physical file;
tablespace c. Normalization; denormalization d. Range control; null control e. Secondary key;
primary key

What is the purpose of clustering of data in a file?

List three common situations that suggest that relations be denormalized before database
implementation.

Write a database description for each of the relations shown, using SQL DDL (shorten,
abbreviate, or change any data names, as needed for your SQL version). Assume the following
attribute data types:

What are the major inputs into physical database design?

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List seven important criteria for selecting the best file organization.

In what order are the clauses of an SQL statement processed?

Consider Figure 5-7b. Assuming that the empty rows in the leaves of this index show space
where new records can be stored, explain where the record for Sooners would be stored. Where
would the record for Flashes be stored? What might happen when one of the leaves is full and a
new record needs to be added to that leaf?

What is an identity column? Explain the benefits of using the identity column capability in SQL.

Define each of the following terms: a. Base table b. Data definition language c. Data
manipulation language d. Dynamic view e. Materialized view f. Referential integrity constraint
g. Relational DBMS (RDBMS) h. Schema i. Virtual table

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Assume that a student table in a university database had an index on StudentID (the primary key)
and indexes on Major, Age, MaritalStatus, and HomeZipCode (all secondary keys). Further,
assume that the university wanted a list of students majoring in MIS or computer science, over
age 25, and married OR students majorin

Write SQL queries to answer the following questions: a. List the numbers of all sections of
course ISM 3113 that are offered during the semester "1-2015." b. List the course IDs and names
of all courses that start with the letters "Data." c. List the IDs of all faculty members who are
qualified to teach both ISM 311

Can clustering of files occur after the files are populated with records? Why or why not?

Consider the EER diagram in Figure 4-33. Let's make the following assumptions: • There are
12,500,000 customers. • These customers have altogether 40,000,000 card accounts. Of these
80 percent are credit card accounts and 20 percent are debit card accounts. • There are
3,200,000 merchants who accept these card

Consider Figure 4-38 and your answer to Problem and Exercise 4-48 in Chapter 4. Assume that
the most important reports that the organization needs are as follows: • A list of the current
developer's project assignments • A list of the total costs for all projects • For each team, a
list of its membership histo

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Explain why it makes sense to first go through the normalization process and then denormalize.

What is the difference between COUNT, COUNT DISTINCT, and COUNT(*) in SQL? When
will these three commands generate the same and different results?

Using the Web site for this text and other Internet resources, investigate the parallel processing
capabilities of several leading DBMSs. How do their capabilities differ?

Refer to Figure 4-5. For each of the following reports (with sample data), indicate any indexes
that you feel would help the report run faster as well as the type of index: a. State, by products
(user-specified period) b. Most frequently sold product finish in a user-specified month. c. All
orders placed last month.

What are SQL-92, SQL:1999, and SQL:2011? Briefly describe how SQL:2011 differs from
SQD1999.

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Write SQL data definition commands for each of the following queries: a. How would you add
an attribute, Class, to the Student table? b. How would you remove the Registration table? c.
How would you change the FacultyName field from 25 characters to 40 characters?
One of the recommendations regarding indexes is to specify a unique index for each primary
key. Explain the justification for this recommendation.

Why are field values sometimes coded?

Interview system designers and database designers at several organizations. Ask them to describe
the process they use for logical design. How do they transform their conceptual data models
(e.g., E-R diagrams) to relational schema? What is the role of CASE tools in this process? Do
they use normalization? If they do, h

Create a data dictionary similar to the metadata table shown in Table 1-1 in Chapter 1 to
document your choices. For each table in the relational schema you developed earlier, provide
the following information for each field/ data element: field name, definition/description, data
type, format, allowable values, whethe

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How would Problems and Exercises 4-50 and 4-51 change if a type of fish could be supplied by
multiple suppliers?

Write SQL queries to answer the following questions: a. Which students are enrolled in Database
and Networking? b. Which instructors cannot teach both Syst Analysis and Syst Design? c.
Which courses were taught in the first semester of 2015 but not in the second semester of 2015?

Match the following terms to the appropriate definitions: _________ View a. list of values
_________ Referential b. description of a database _________ Integrity constraint c. view
materialized as a result of a SQL query that uses the view _________ Dynamic d. logical table
_________View e. missing or

In what clause of a SELECT statement is an IN operator used? What follows the IN operator?
What other SQL operator can sometimes be used to perform the same operation as the IN
operator? Under what circumstances can this other operator be used?

Parallel query processing, as described in this chapter, means that the same query is run on
multiple processors and that each processor accesses in parallel a different subset of the database.
Another form of parallel query processing, not discussed in this chapter, would partition the
query so that each part of the q

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State nine rules of thumb for choosing indexes.

What decisions have to be made to develop a field specification?

Create a strategy for reviewing your deliverables generated so far with the appropriate
stakeholders. Which stakeholders should you meet with? What information would you bring to
this meeting? Would you conduct the reviews separately or together? Who do you think should
sign off on your logical and physical schemas bef

SQU2006 and SQL:2008 introduced a new keyword, MERGE. Explain how using this keyword
allows one to accomplish updating and merging data into a table using one command rather than
two.

Explain why SQL is called a set-oriented language.

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Contrast the following terms: a. Base table; view b. Dynamic view; materialized view c. Catalog;
schema

Demonstrate each of the anomaly types with an example.

Explain some possible purposes of creating a view using SQL. In particular, explain how a view
can be used to reinforce data security.

If necessary, revisit and modify the EER diagram you created in Chapter 3, 3-44 to reflect any
changes made in answering 4-64 and 4-65 above.

Explore the data included in Table 4-9. Assume that the primary key of this relation consists of
two components: Author's ID (AID) and Book number (BNbr). The relation includes data
regarding authors, books, and publishers. In addition, it tells what an individual author's per book
royalty amount is in the case of mul

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Contact a database designer or administrator in an organization with which you are familiar. Ask
what file organizations are available in the various DBMSs used in that organization. Interview
this person to learn what factors he or she considers when selecting an organization for database
files. For indexed files, ask

When a student has not chosen a major at a university, the university often enters a value of
"Undecided" for the major field. Is "Undecided" a way to represent the null value? Should it be
used as a default value? Justify your answer carefully.

Explain why normalized relations may not comprise an efficient physical implementation
structure.

Choose Oracle data types for the attributes in the normalized relations that you created in
Problem and Exercise 4-47 in Chapter 4. DBMS you are using is Oracle. If that is not the case,
feel free to modify the question for the DBMS environment that you are familiar with. You can
also compare and contrast answers for

Explain why you sometimes have to reserve much more space for a numeric field than any of the
initial stored values require.

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How is the order in which attributes appear in a result table changed? How are the column
heading labels in a result table changed?

Explain why it is necessary to limit the kinds of updates performed on data when referencing
data through a view.

Consider the following normalized relations for a sports league: What recommendations would
you make regarding opportunities for denormalization? What additional in-formation would you
need to make fully informed denormalization decisions?

In an ORDER BY clause, what are the two ways to refer to the columns to be used for sorting
the results of the query?

Describe two properties that each candidate key must satisfy.

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Match the following to the appropriate definitions: _________ Extent a. a detailed coding
scheme for representing organizational data _________ Hashing algorithm b. a data structure
used to determine in a file the location of a record/records _________ Index c. a named area of
secondary memory

What are the key decisions in physical database design?

Explain the purpose of the CHECK clause within a CREATE TABLE SQL command. Explain
the purpose of the WITH CHECK OPTION in a CREATE VIEW SQL command.

Create a join index on the CustomerlD fields of the Customer_T and Order_T tables in Figure 4-
4. Pine Valley Furniture Company data set provided with the text.

Explain the reasons underlying the significant performance gains in query performance that can
be achieved with parallel processing.

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What is the evaluation order for the Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) in an SQL command?
How can a query writer be sure that the operators will work in a specific, desired order?
Consider the following two relations for Millennium College: Following is a typical query
against these relations: a. On what attributes should indexes be defined to speed up this query?
Give the reasons for each attribute selected. b. Write SQL commands to create indexes for each
attribute you identified in part a.

Explain why an index is useful only if there is sufficient variety in the values of an attribute.

Find out which database management systems are available at your university for student use.
Investigate which data types these DBMSs support. Compare these DBMSs based on the data
types supported and suggest which types of applications each DBMS is best suited for, based on
this comparison.

What can be changed about a table definition, using the SQL command ALTER? Can you
identify anything about a table definition that cannot be changed using the ALTER command?

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Do you see any justifiable opportunities to denormalize the tables? If so, provide appropriate
justification and create a new denormalized schema. Do you need to update your ER diagram
based on these decisions? Why or why not?

Describe a set of circumstances for which using a view can save reprogramming effort.

Explain how referential integrity is established in databases that are SQL:1999 compliant.
Explain how the on update restrict, on update cascade, and on update set null clauses differ from
one another. What happens if the on delete cascade clause is set?

Consider the following normalized relations from a database in a large retail chain: What
opportunities might exist for denormalizing these relations when defining the physical records
for this database? Under what circumstances would you consider creating such denormalized
records?

Map the EER diagram you developed in Chapter 3, 3-44 to a relational schema using the
techniques described in this chapter. Be sure to appropriately identify the primary and foreign
keys as well as clearly state referential integrity constraints.

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Consider the relations specified in Problem and Exercise 5-37. Assume that the database has
been implemented without denormalization. Further assume that the database is global in scope
and covers thousands of leagues, tens of thousands of teams, and hundreds of thousands of
players. In order to accommodate this, a new

What are the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical partitioning?
Consider the following set of normalized relations from a database used by a mobile service
provide to keep track of its users and advertiser customers. Assume that the mobile service
provider has frequent need for the following information: • List of users sorted by zip code â€
¢ Access to a specific client with t

Explain the reasons why some experts are against the practice of denormalization.

Explain in your own words what the precision (p) and scale (s) parameters for the Oracle data
type NUMBER mean. DBMS you are using is Oracle. If that is not the case, feel free to modify
the question for the DBMS environment that you are familiar with. You can also compare and
contrast answers for different DBMSs.

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Indexing can clearly be very beneficial. Why should you not create an index for every column of
every table of your database?

Drawing on material covered in prior chapters, explain the factors to be considered in deciding
whether to create a key index for a table in SQL.

Explain and provide at least one example of how to qualify the ownership of a table in SQL.
What has to occur for one user to be allowed to use a table in a database owned by another user?

A start-up is working on an online personal financial management system. The goal of the
system is to provide the users an opportunity to obtain item-level purchase data from as many
sources as possible in order to improve the accuracy of budget management and control activities
(instead of only at the level of the tot

Suppose each record in a file were connected to the prior record and the next record in key
sequence using pointers. Thus, each record might have the following format: Primary key, other
attributes, pointer to prior record, pointer to next record a. What would be the advantages of this
file organization compared with

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What is the most important mechanism that database designers can use to impact database
performance in specific use situations?

Consider the composite usage map in Figure 5-1. After a period of time, the assumptions for this
usage map have changed, as follows: • There is an average of 50 supplies (rather than 40) for
each supplier. • Manufactured parts represent only 30 percent of all parts, and purchased parts
represent 75 percent. •T

Choose Oracle data types for the attributes in the normalized relations in Figure 5-4b. DBMS
you are using is Oracle. If that is not the case, feel free to modify the question for the DBMS
environment that you are familiar with. You can also compare and contrast answers for different
DBMSs.

What are the benefits of a hash index table?

Write SQL queries to answer the following questions: a. What are the courses included in the
Section table? List each course only once. b. List all students in alphabetical order by
StudentName. c. List the students who are enrolled in each course in Semester I, 2015. Group the
students by the sections in which they

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Is it possible with a sequential file organization to permit sequential scanning of the data, based
on several sorted orders? If not, why not? If it is possible, how?

What problems might arise from vertically partitioning a relation? Given these potential
problems, what general conditions influence when to partition a relation vertically?

Write SQL commands for the following: a. Create two different forms of the INSERT command
to add a student with a student ID of 65798 and last name Lopez to the Student table. b. Now
write a command that will remove Lopez from the Student table. c. Create an SQL command that
will modify the name of course ISM 4212 f

A bus company is responsible for offering public transportation in the suburbs of a large
metropolitan area. The company has significant data management requirements: It needs to keep
track of its 150 vehicles, 400 drivers, 60 bus routes, and hundreds of scheduled departures every
day. In addition, it is essential for

Explain how physical database design has an important role in forming a foundation for
regulatory compliance.

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Describe a situation in which you would need to write a query using the HAVING clause.

The following attributes represent data about a movie copy at an online video rental service.
Each movie is identified by a movie number and has a title and information about the director
and the studio that produced the movie. Each movie has one or several characters, and there is
exactly one actor playing the role of

Suppose you are designing a default value for the age field in a student record at your university.
What possible values would you consider, and why? How might the default vary by other
characteristics about the student, such as school within the university or degree sought? DBMS
you are using is Oracle. If that is no
Define each of the following terms: a. File organization b. Heap file organization c. Sequential
file organization d. Indexed file organization e. Hashed file organization f. Denormalization g.
Composite key h. Secondary key i. Data type j. Join index

Describe three types of anomalies that can arise in a table and the negative consequences of each.

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The following attributes form a relation that includes information about individual computers,
their vendors, software packages running on the computers, computer users, and user
authorizations. Users are authorized to use a specific software package on a specific computer
during a specific time frame (characterized wi

Create the physical data model for the relational schema you developed in Chapter 4 (and
potentially modified in 5-56 above), clearly indicating data types, primary keys, and foreign
keys.

Write SQL queries to answer the following questions: a. Which students have an ID number that
is less than 50000? b. What is the name of the faculty member whose ID is 4756? c. What is the
smallest section number used in the first semester of 2015?

Explain the difference between the WHERE and HAVING clause.

Is it possible to use both a WHERE clause and a HAVING clause in the same SQL SELECT
statement? If so, what are the different purposes of these two clauses?

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For every order that has been received, display the order ID, the total dollar amount owed on that
order (you'll have to calculate this total from attributes in one or more tables; label this result
TotalDue), and the amount received in payments on that order (assume that there is only one
payment made on each order).

Create a strategy for reviewing your database implementation with the appropriate stakeholders.
Which stakeholders should you meet with? What information would you bring to this meeting?
Who do you think should sign off on your database implementation before you move to the next
phase of the project?

Write an SQL query to answer the following question: Is any instructor qualified to teach ISM
3113 and not qualified to teach ISM 4930?

Consider the EER diagram for Pine Valley Furniture shown in Figure 3-12. Figure 5-9 looks at a
portion of that EER diagram. Let's make a few assumptions about the average usage of the
system: • There are 50,000 customers, and of these, 80 percent represent regular accounts and
20 percent represent national accounts