Math 17

Final Exam Reviewer

Factoring Polynomials Rational exponents
If n is a positive integer greater than 1, and a is a real number, then if √
is a real number
⁄
√
⁄
√
If m and n are positive integers that are relatively prime, and a is a real
number, then if √ is a real number
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
√
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
√
If m and n are positive even integers and a is a real number, then
Absolute Value ⁄ | | ⁄
| | {
√ {
| |
| | { If m and n are positive integers that are relatively prime, and a is a real
number and , then if √ is a real number
Pythagorean Theorem ⁄
⁄

Integer Exponents Properties of Logarithmic Functions Quadratic Equation

If n and m are positive integers and iff √
a and b are real numbers, then If u and v are positive
numbers, and n is any real number, then
To complete the square of ,
Add
Nature of roots
(i) : roots are real and equal
(ii) : roots are real and unequal
(iii) : roots are imaginary and
unequal

Radicals The Principal Square Root of a Composite Function

If a and b are real numbers, Negative Number (f ᵒ g)(x) = f (g(x))
√ √ √ If p is a positive number, then the Where the domain of f ᵒ g is the set of all
√ principal square root of –p, denoted by numbers x in the domain of g such that
√ g(x) is in the domain of f .
√ √ , is defined by
Where both and if n is even √ √
Even Function. A function f is said to be
an even function if for every x in the
Inequalities Function Operations
If a, b, and c are real numbers and domain of f, .
Given the functions f and g:
(i) if and , then Odd Function. A function f is said to be
(i)
an odd function if for every x in the
(ii) if then (ii)
domain of f, .
(iii) if then (iii)
(iv) if and , then (iv) ⁄ ⁄
Extreme Values of a Quadratic
(v) if and , then
Function , where
(vi) if , In each case the domain of the resulting
| | function consists of those values of x
| | or common to the domains of f and g. In
(vii) | | | | | | case (iv), the values of x for which g(x) =
| | 0 are excluded.
| |
| |
(ix) | | | | | |

Midpoint Formula Equation of a Circle with center at

and radius r Distance between two points
|̅̅̅̅̅̅| √
 Equations of a line Remainder Theorem. If P(x) is a polynomial and r is a real
number, then if P(x) is divided by x – r, the remainder is P(r).
Factor Theorem. If P(x) is a polynomial and r is a real
a = x-intercept b = y-intercept number, then P(x) has x – r as a factor if and only if P(r) = 0.

The Eight Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

2 distinct nonvertical lines l1 and l2 with slopes m1 and m2 are

Vertical-line Test. The graph of a function can be intersected

by a vertical line in at most one point.

0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 15° 75°

Radian Measure ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄
0 ⁄ √ ⁄ √ ⁄ 1 0 √ √ ⁄ √ √ ⁄
1 √ ⁄ √ ⁄ ⁄ 0 0 √ √ ⁄ √ √ ⁄
0 √ ⁄ 1 √ 0 √ √
√ 1 √ ⁄ 0 0 √ √
1 √ ⁄ √ 2 √ √ √ √ )
2 √ √ ⁄ 1 √ √ ) √ √

Sum and Difference Identities Special Reduction Formulas If are the angles of any triangle, and
a, b, and c are, respectively, the measures of the
sides opposite these angles, then

( )

( )

( )

Double-Measure and Half-Measure Identities Product to Sum Identities

Sum to Product Identities

√ √

√ Absolute Value of a Complex Number

| | √

Polar Form of nth Roots of Complex Numbers

| | If z is a nonzero complex number, where and
If n is a positive integer, then z has exactly n distinct nth roots given
then by
⁄
[ ]
Where k is 0, 1, …, n – 1.
De Moivre’s Theorem
If n is any integer, then