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College of Architecture, Engineering and Technology: Main Campus

1. The Egyptians created some of the earliest surveying instruments around 2600 BC including the plumb bob, plumb board, A-Level, and T-Level to more precisely measure horizontal and vertical surfaces. 2. In the 18th and 19th centuries, surveying advanced with the need for accurate maps and national boundaries, leading England and France to perform extensive triangulation surveys. This began the field of geodetic surveying. 3. The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey was established in 1807 to perform hydrographic surveys and create nautical charts, later expanding to establish control monuments across the country.

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54 views7 pages

College of Architecture, Engineering and Technology: Main Campus

1. The Egyptians created some of the earliest surveying instruments around 2600 BC including the plumb bob, plumb board, A-Level, and T-Level to more precisely measure horizontal and vertical surfaces. 2. In the 18th and 19th centuries, surveying advanced with the need for accurate maps and national boundaries, leading England and France to perform extensive triangulation surveys. This began the field of geodetic surveying. 3. The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey was established in 1807 to perform hydrographic surveys and create nautical charts, later expanding to establish control monuments across the country.

Uploaded by

John Nicko Carlo Castillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Republic of the Philippines

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE


Rizal Street, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro 5100
Website: www.omsc.edu.ph Email address: [email protected]
Tele/Fax: (043) 491-1460 CERTIFIED TO ISO 9001:2015
CERT. NO.: 50500779 QM15

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING and


TECHNOLOGY
Main Campus

BS CIVIL ENGINEERING
________________________________________________________________
PROGRAM

FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING 2A
________________________________________________________________
SUBJECT AND SECTION

ACTIVITY 2
________________________________________________________________
TITLE OF THE REPORT/ACTVITY/ASSIGNMENT

JAN BERNARD A. FERRER


___________________________________________
NAME

SEPTEMBER 4, 2020
___________________________________________
DATE Rating

___________________________________________ ENGR. REYMAR S. LEDESMA


__________________________________________
GROUP NUMBER INSTRUCTOR
1. Search and make a timeline of the development of engineering surveying instrument from ancient
times to this age.
(For answer, see the last page.)

2. On your own words, differentiate error and mistake in surveying.


- For me, mistake is something that you do and turns out to be wrong and avoidable. While the
error is something you do and turns out to be unsuccessful connected to technicality issues,
measurements etc. and most of the it is unavoidable.

3. On your own words, discuss the significance of precision and accuracy in surveying.
- First, the precision refers to the consistency of the repeated measurements. This is important
because imprecise measurements it cannot properly identify the random error and can produce
widespread result. While the accuracy refers to how close a measurement to the true value.
Same as precision, accuracy is very important because it will prevent you to the results that are
not close to the truth.
4. Convert the following angular measurements (show your solutions):

Given Centesimal Units Sexagesimal Units


Angle
13.3490 14.8322 grades 13°20’56’’
152.6450 169.6056 grades 152°38’42’’
133.30 148.1111 grades 133°18’0’’
45.3120 50.3467 grades 45°18’43’’
Solution:

(Degree)*200/180 = (Grade)

CENTESIMAL SYSTEM

13.349° (200)/180 = 14.83222222g


152.645° (200)/180 = 169.6055556g

133.3° (200)/180 = 148.1111111g

45.312° (200)/180 = 50.34666667g


SEXAGESIMAL SYSTEM
1. 13.349°
.349*60 = 20.94
.94*60 = 56.4
2. 152.645°
.645*60 = 38.7
.7*60 = 42
3. 133.3°
.3*60 = 18
.0*60 = 0
4. 45.312°
.312*60 = 18.72
.72*60 = 43.2

5. Determine the number of significant


figures:
a. 300
- 1 significant figure, 300
b. 0.003
- 1 significant figure, 0.003
c. 30.00
- 4 significant figures, 30.00
d. 0.030
- 2 significant figures, 0.030
e. 0.303
- 3 significant figures, 0.303

6. Convert the following linear measurements (show your solutions):


a. 11 furlongs →440 rods
b. 3 chains →60.3504 m
c. 2 mph → 2.9333 ft/s
d. 5 leagues → 27797.76 m
e. 80,000 mil → 1,267,200,000 hands
7. What is your own definition of engineering surveying?
HISTORY OF SURVEYING

Geodesy (/dʒiːˈɒdɨsi/),[1] also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement
and representation of the Earth. (Source: Wikipedia)
In the 18th and 19th centuries the art of surveying advanced more rapidly. The need for maps and location
of national boundaries caused England and France to make extensive surveys requiring accurate
triangulation; thus, geodetic surveying began. The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey was established by an
act of Congress in 1807. Initially its charge was to perform hydrographic surveys and prepare nautical
charts. Later its activities were expanded to include establishment of control monuments throughout the
country

2600 B.C
.

By 2600 BC, we know the Egyptians had taken this concept and
created the earliest surveying instruments: the plumb board, the
A-Level, T-Level and plumb square. This was the first of the
plumb bob, against a wood frame that paralleled the surface
being measured. The worker could then make a more precise
visual judgement as to the trueness of plumb horizontal level.

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