Complex Stresses

Mohr’s Circle Method

This graphical representation is extremely useful because it enables you
to visualize the relationships between the normal and shear stresses
acting on various inclined planes at a point in a stressed body.
Using Mohr’s Circle you can also calculate principal stresses, maximum
shear stresses and stresses on inclined planes.
NUMERICAL
Given Data:-
σ1 = 120 N/mm2 (Tensile),
σ2 = 60 N/mm2 (Tensile), θ = 30o

Scale:- 1cm = 10 N/mm2

Then σ1 = 120/10 = 12 cm
σ2 = 60/10 = 6 cm
σ1 = 120 N/mm2 (Tensile) = 12 cm, σ2 = 60 N/mm2 (Tensile) = 6cm, θ = 30o Scale:- 1cm = 10 N/mm2

Theoretical Results 1. Take any point A and

σn = 105 N/mm2 E draw a horizontal line
σt = 25.98 N/mm2 through A.
σR = 108.16 N/mm2
2. Take AB = σ1 = 12 cm

DE = 2.60 cm
and AC = σ2 = 6 cm

σt
3. With BC as diameter
(i.e. BC = 12-6 = 6cm)
ф θ 2θ describe a circle.
A. B
C 4. Let “O” is the centre of
O D the circle. Draw a circle
σ2 (6 cm)
AD = 10.50 cm σn with radius 6 cm
5. Through O, draw a line
σ1 (12 cm) OE making an angle 2θ
(i.e 2 x 30 = 60o with
MOHR’S CIRCLE OB.
6. From E, draw ED
Then, perpendicular to CB.
1. Normal Stress = Length AD x Scale
7. Join AE & EC
= 10.50 x 10 = 105 N/mm2
2. Tangential or Shear stress = Length ED x Scale 8. Measure
= 2.60 x 10 = 26 N/mm2 Length AD = 10.50 cm
Check the Length ED = 2.60 cm
3. Resultant Stress = Length AE x Scale results with
= 10.82 x 10 = 108.2 N/mm2 Length AE = 10.82 cm
the solution
MOHR’S CIRCLE
MOHR’S PROOF
CIRCLE PROOF
 IMPORTANT POINTS

E
σR
σt
ф 2θ
A
Min Normal Stress σn = σ2 C O D B

σn

Max Normal Stress σn = σ1

 E
σR
σt max. σt
ф ф 2θ
A
C O D B
σ2

σn

σ1
 NUMERICAL

NUMERICAL
σ1 = 200 N/mm2 (Tensile) = 10 cm, σ2 = -100 N/mm2 (Comp.) = 5cm, θ = 30o Scale:- 1cm = 20 N/mm2

Theoretical Results 1. Take any point A and

σn = 125 N/mm2 MOHR’S CIRCLE
draw a horizontal line
σt = 129.9 N/mm2
σR = 180.27 N/mm2 y
through A on both sides.
(σt)max = 129.9 N/mm2 2. Take AB = σ1 = 10 cm
ф = 46o 6’ E and AC = σ2 = -5 cm
Check the 3. With BC as diameter
results with (i.e. OB = 7.5 cm)
the solution describe a circle.

6.5 cm (σt)
4. Let “O” is the centre of
the circle. Draw a circle
with OB or OC
ф 2θ =60o
C θ B x 5. Through O, draw a line
OE making an angle 2θ
O (i.e 2 x 30 = 60o with
A 6.25 cm (σn)
D
OB.
σ2= -5cm σ1 = 10 cm 6. From E, draw ED
(100) (200) perpendicular to CB.
Compressive
(-) Tensile 7. Join AE & EC
(+)
ф = 46o 8. Measure
Length AD = 6.25 cm
σn = Length AD x Scale σR = Length AE x Scale σt = Length ED x Scale Length ED = 6.5 cm
= 6.25 x 20 = 9.0 x 20 = 6.5 x 20 Length AE = 9.0 cm
= 125 N/mm2 = 180 N/mm2 = 130 N/mm2
NUMERICAL
σ1 = 65 N/mm2 (Tensile) = 6.5 cm, σ2 = 35 N/mm2 (Tensile) = 3.5 cm, Scale:- 1cm = 10 N/mm2
Ʈ = 25 N/mm2 (Shear Stress) = 2.5 cm , θ = 45o

Check the 1. Take any point A and

Theoretical Results MOHR’S CIRCLE
σn = 75N/mm2 results with draw a horizontal line
σt = 15 N/mm2 the solution through A.
2. Take AB = σ1 = 6.5 cm
G and AC = σ2 = 3.5 cm
3. Draw perpendicular at B
Ʈ = 2.5cm & C and cut off BF &
(25) E CG = Ʈ = 2.5cm
4. Let “O” is the centre of
7.5 cm (σn) the circle at

1.5 cm (σt)
intersection. Draw a
circle with OF or OG
A ф B M 5. Through O, draw a line
OE making an angle 2θ
σ2 = 3.5 cm L C O D (i.e 2 x 45 =90o with OF.

Ʈ = 2.5 cm
(25)
(35) 6. From E, draw ED
σ1 = 6.5cm perpendicular to AB.
(65) 7. Join AE
F

σn = Length AD x Scale 8. Measure

σt = Length ED x Scale
= 7.5 x 10 Length AD = 7.5 cm
= 1.5 x 10
= 75 N/mm2 = 15 N/mm2 Length ED = 1.5 cm
σ1 = 20 N/mm2 (Tensile) = 10 cm, σ2 = 10 N/mm2 (Tensile) = 5 cm, Scale:- 1cm = 2 N/mm2
Ʈ = 10 N/mm2 (Shear Stress) = 5 cm

Major Principal stresses = Length AM x Scale MOHR’S CIRCLE 1. Take any point A and
= 13.1 x 2 draw a horizontal line
= 26.2 N/mm2 Location of principal planes through A.
2θ = 63.7o, θ = 31.85o
2. Take AB = σ1 = 10 cm
and AC = σ2 = 5 cm
3. Draw perpendicular at B
G & C and cut off BF &
Ʈ = 5cm CG = Ʈ = 5cm
(10) 4. Let “O” is the centre of
13.1 cm
the circle at
intersection. Draw a
1.91 cm 63.7o circle with OF or OG
A L B M 5. Mark M & L at the
intersection of circle on
C O
σ2 = 5 cm AB

Ʈ = 5 cm
6. Measure

10)
(10)
σ1 = 10 cm Length AM = 13.17.5
cm
(20) Length AL = 1.91 cm
F

Minor Principal stresses = Length AL x Scale 7. Measure angle 2θ

Second Principal Plane
= 1.91 x 2 θ + 90o = 121.85o
angle FOB = 63.7o
= 9.82 N/mm2
σ1 = 30 N/mm2 (Tensile) = 15 cm, σ2 = 10 N/mm2 (Tensile) = 5 cm, Scale:- 1cm = 2 N/mm2
Ʈ = 10 N/mm2 (Shear Stress) = 5 cm

MOHR’S CIRCLE 1. Take any point A and

Major Principal stresses = Length AM x Scale draw a horizontal line
= 17.1 x 2 Location of principal planes
through A.
= 34.2 N/mm2 H 2θ = 45 , θ = 22.5
o o

2. Take AB = σ1 = 15 cm
and AC = σ2 = 5 cm
Max. 3. Draw perpendicular at B
G
Shear & C and cut off BF &
Ʈ = 5cm Stress CG = Ʈ = 5 cm
(10)
4. Let “O” is the centre of
17.1 cm
the circle at
intersection. Draw a
2.93 cm circle with OF or OG
45o
A L B M 5. Mark M & L at the
intersection of circle on
C O
σ2 = 5 cm AB

Ʈ = 5 cm
6. Measure

10)
(10)
σ1 = 15 cm Length AM = 7.5 cm
Length AL = 1.5 cm
(30)
F 7. Measure angle 2θ
angle FOB = 45o
Minor Principal stresses = Length AL x Scale Second Principal Plane 8. Ʈmax = Length OH x
= 2.93 x 2 θ + 90o = 112.5o Scale
= 5.86 N/mm2 = 7.05 X 20 = 14.1 N/mm2