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Topic 2: Fractions: Describe A Fraction

This document discusses fractions including proper, improper, and mixed numbers. It defines a fraction as a number expressed in the form a/b, where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. Examples are provided to illustrate proper fractions as those where the numerator is less than the denominator, improper fractions as those where the numerator is greater than the denominator, and mixed numbers as fractions consisting of a whole number and proper fraction. The document also covers comparing, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions as well as solving word problems involving fractions.

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138 views

Topic 2: Fractions: Describe A Fraction

This document discusses fractions including proper, improper, and mixed numbers. It defines a fraction as a number expressed in the form a/b, where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. Examples are provided to illustrate proper fractions as those where the numerator is less than the denominator, improper fractions as those where the numerator is greater than the denominator, and mixed numbers as fractions consisting of a whole number and proper fraction. The document also covers comparing, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions as well as solving word problems involving fractions.

Uploaded by

Trump Donald
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 2: FRACTIONS

A fraction is a number which is expressed in the form of a/b where a - is the top
number called numerator and b- is the bottom number called denominator.

Proper, Improper and Mixed Numbers


A Fraction
Describe a fraction
A fraction is a number which is expressed in the form of a/b where a - is the top
number called numerator and b- is the bottom number called denominator.
Consider the diagram below
The shaded part in the diagram above is 1 out of 8, hence mathematically it is written
as 1/8

Example 1
(a) 3 out of 5 ( three-fifths) = 3/5
Example 2
(b) 7 0ut of 8 ( i.e seven-eighths) = 7/8
Example 3
a. 5/12=(5 X 3)/(12 x 3) =15/36
b. 3/8 =(3 x 2)/(8 X 2) = 6/16
Dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number (This method is used to
simplify the fraction)

Difference between Proper, Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers


Distinguish proper, improper fractions and mixed numbers

Proper fraction -is a fraction in which the numerator is less than denominator
Example 4
4/5, 1/2, 11/13
Improper fraction -is a fraction whose numerator is greater than the denominator
Example 5
12/7, 4/3, 65/56
Mixed fraction -is a fraction which consist of a whole number and a proper fraction
Example 6

(a) To convert mixed fractions into improper fractions, use the formula below
(b)To convert improper fractions into mixed fractions, divide the numerator by the
denominator

PREPARED BY MACDONALD RICHARD


Example 7
Convert the following mixed numbers into improper fractions

Comparison of Fractions
In order to find which fraction is greater than the other, put them over a common
denominator, and then the greater fraction is the one with greater numerator.
A Fraction to its Lowest Terms
Simplify a fraction to its lowest terms

Example 8
For the pair of fractions below, find which is greater

Solution

Equivalent Fractions
Identify equivalent fractions
Equivalent Fraction
 Are equal fractions written with different denominators
 They are obtained by two methods
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->(a) <!--[endif]-->Multiplying the numerator and
denominator by the same number

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->(a) <!--[endif]-->Dividing the numerator and denominator


by the same number (This method is used to simplify the fraction

PREPARED BY MACDONALD RICHARD


NOTE: The fraction which cannot be simplified more is said to be in its lowest form

Example 9
Simplify the following fractions to their lowest terms

Solution

Fractions in Order of Size


Arrange fractions in order of size

Example 10
Arrange in order of size, starting with the smallest, the fraction

Solution
Put them over the same denominator, that is find the L.C.M of 3, 7, 8 and 9

Operations and Fractions


Addition of Fractions
Add fractions
Operations on fractions involves addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
 Addition and subtraction of fractions is done by putting both fractions under the
same denominator and then add or subtract
 Multiplication of fractions is done by multiplying the numerator of the first
fraction with the numerator of the second fraction, and the denominator of the first
fraction with the denominator the second fraction.
 For mixed fractions, convert them first into improper fractions and then multiply
 Division of fractions is done by taking the first fraction and then multiply with the
reciprocal of the second fraction
 For mixed fractions, convert them first into improper fractions and then divide

PREPARED BY MACDONALD RICHARD


Example 11
Find

Solution

Subtraction of Fractions
Subtract fractions

Example 12
Evaluate

Solution

PREPARED BY MACDONALD RICHARD


Multiplication of Fractions
Multiply fractions
Example 13

Division of Fractions
Divide fractions
Example 14

Mixed Operations on Fractions


Perform mixed operations on fractions
Example 15

PREPARED BY MACDONALD RICHARD


Example 16

Word Problems Involving Fractions


Solve word problems involving fractions

Example 17
1. Musa is years old. His father is 3¾times as old as he is. How old is his father?
2. 1¾of a material are needed to make suit. How many suits can be made from

PREPARED BY MACDONALD RICHARD

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