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Evolution, Evidence and Mechamisms: Student Practice Sheet

This document contains a student practice sheet about evidence for evolution from fossils, biogeography, homologous and analogous structures, genetic sequences, and embryology. It also discusses mechanisms of evolution like natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation. Students are asked questions to help them understand how these different sources of evidence support common ancestry and how populations change over time through evolutionary processes.

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Noura Rose
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
83 views4 pages

Evolution, Evidence and Mechamisms: Student Practice Sheet

This document contains a student practice sheet about evidence for evolution from fossils, biogeography, homologous and analogous structures, genetic sequences, and embryology. It also discusses mechanisms of evolution like natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation. Students are asked questions to help them understand how these different sources of evidence support common ancestry and how populations change over time through evolutionary processes.

Uploaded by

Noura Rose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EVOLUTION, EVIDENCE AND MECHAMISMS:  Student Practice Sheet 

How can evidence of evolution be determined from a fossil record? 

_______________________________________________________ 

Where in the fossil record would you expect to see older common 
ancestors? 

_______________________________________________________ 

How would gradualism present in the fossil record? 

_______________________________________________________ 

How would punctuated equilibrium show in the fossil record? 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Even though they are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean, the northeastern coast of North America and the 
Scandinavian coast of Europe were once connected as part of the original supercontinent Pangaea.  What would 
biogeography predict about fossils that might be excavated in both of these locations? 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

What do homologous and analogous  How are homologous and analogous 
structures have in common?  structures different? 

 
Which of these two structures supports theories of common ancestry?  Why? __________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
 

Some of the strongest evidence of common ancestry is contained in our genetic code.  Look at the table above which 
lists sequences of amino acids in the protein hemoglobin.  Hemoglobin is used in all organisms to deliver oxygen to the 
tissues, but there are slight differences among the species. 

Which two species would to share the closest common ancestor?  Why? _______________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

What are additional species that might share close common ancestors?  What do you know about these pairs of animals 
that might make it seem true that they are closely related? __________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Which pair of animals do you think would least likely to share a common ancestor?  Why? ________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Embryology also allows us to see evidence of 
common ancestry.  As you can see in the top of 
the diagram, early stages of embryonic 
development show many similarities.  As the 
embryos develop, differences among the species 
become more apparent. 

Which pairs of embryos indicate species that are 
likely to share closer common ancestors?  Why? 

________________________________________ 

________________________________________ 

________________________________________ 

________________________________________ 

________________________________________ 

Which pairs of species are probably have only distant common ancestors?  Why? ________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
 

The diagrams above represent a possible mechanism and some possible outcomes of natural section. 

Describe how natural selection causes changes in a population. ______________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

An observer makes detailed observations about a bird and its song for over two years.  One day, she notes that the 
birdsong has changed.  She postulates that natural selection caused this change.  Why is she wrong? 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Consider this food web.  Suppose that some of the mice in the 
food web had a mutation that caused their fur to become 
darker, thus camouflaging their appearance from their 
predators. 

According to natural selection, what would happen to the 
population of mice over time?  Why? 

__________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________ 

The ability of a mouse to burrow underground is one of its defenses.  Suppose that the climate of the forest became 
drier over time and that only snakes which have a mutation that allows them to dig in dry earth would be able to prey 
upon those mice.  How would the snake population be affected, according to natural selection? 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

The eggs that snakes lay for reproduction fare better in wetter soils than what the forest develops.  How will the 
reproductive success be affected?  What does this mean for the population of snakes?  Which snakes will survive? 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
The following table lists mechanisms by which populations can change.  For each of the following, complete the table 
with descriptions, what happens to the population, and an example of each. 

What change 
happens in the 
Type of Change  Description  population?  Example 
     

Genetic Drift:  
Bottleneck Effect 

     

Genetic Drift:  
Founder’s Effect 

     

Gene Flow:  
Migration 

     

Mutation 

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