Evolution, Evidence and Mechamisms: Student Practice Sheet
Evolution, Evidence and Mechamisms: Student Practice Sheet
How can evidence of evolution be determined from a fossil record?
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Where in the fossil record would you expect to see older common
ancestors?
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How would gradualism present in the fossil record?
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How would punctuated equilibrium show in the fossil record?
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Even though they are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean, the northeastern coast of North America and the
Scandinavian coast of Europe were once connected as part of the original supercontinent Pangaea. What would
biogeography predict about fossils that might be excavated in both of these locations?
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What do homologous and analogous How are homologous and analogous
structures have in common? structures different?
Which of these two structures supports theories of common ancestry? Why? __________________________________
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Some of the strongest evidence of common ancestry is contained in our genetic code. Look at the table above which
lists sequences of amino acids in the protein hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is used in all organisms to deliver oxygen to the
tissues, but there are slight differences among the species.
Which two species would to share the closest common ancestor? Why? _______________________________________
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What are additional species that might share close common ancestors? What do you know about these pairs of animals
that might make it seem true that they are closely related? __________________________________________________
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Which pair of animals do you think would least likely to share a common ancestor? Why? ________________________
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Embryology also allows us to see evidence of
common ancestry. As you can see in the top of
the diagram, early stages of embryonic
development show many similarities. As the
embryos develop, differences among the species
become more apparent.
Which pairs of embryos indicate species that are
likely to share closer common ancestors? Why?
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Which pairs of species are probably have only distant common ancestors? Why? ________________________________
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The diagrams above represent a possible mechanism and some possible outcomes of natural section.
Describe how natural selection causes changes in a population. ______________________________________________
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An observer makes detailed observations about a bird and its song for over two years. One day, she notes that the
birdsong has changed. She postulates that natural selection caused this change. Why is she wrong?
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Consider this food web. Suppose that some of the mice in the
food web had a mutation that caused their fur to become
darker, thus camouflaging their appearance from their
predators.
According to natural selection, what would happen to the
population of mice over time? Why?
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The ability of a mouse to burrow underground is one of its defenses. Suppose that the climate of the forest became
drier over time and that only snakes which have a mutation that allows them to dig in dry earth would be able to prey
upon those mice. How would the snake population be affected, according to natural selection?
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The eggs that snakes lay for reproduction fare better in wetter soils than what the forest develops. How will the
reproductive success be affected? What does this mean for the population of snakes? Which snakes will survive?
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The following table lists mechanisms by which populations can change. For each of the following, complete the table
with descriptions, what happens to the population, and an example of each.
What change
happens in the
Type of Change Description population? Example
Genetic Drift:
Bottleneck Effect
Genetic Drift:
Founder’s Effect
Gene Flow:
Migration
Mutation