Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

GARRY L. PANGAN, PhD

MASTER TEACHER II

JANE P. VALENCIA, EdD

 Learning
Topic Competency Subtasks

1. Determine whether
Represents real life each relation is a function
Functions situations using functions, or not.
including piecewise 2. Solve real life situations
functions. using functions and
piecewise functions

Hi! I’m Mr. Function. The following concepts below will guide you in
learning more about functions including piecewise functions. Read the
lesson guide’s content carefully and move on to the activities after.

DEFINITION
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a
second set of values (called the range).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y)
A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one
value in the range by some rule.

EXAMPLE 1 SOLUTION

Determine whether each relation is a The relations F and H are functions

function or not. because no two ordered pairs have the
a. F= {(1,2)(2,4)(3, 6)(4,8)} same x-value but different y-value.
b. G={(3,2)(0,1)(0,-1)(3,-2)} Meanwhile G is not a function because it
c. H={(1,1)(2,8)(3,27)(4,64)….} contains ordered pair with the same
abscissa.

Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams, where the

elements of the domain are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In
this case, the relation of function is represented by the set of all connections
represented by the arrows.

EXAMPLE 2
Which of the following mapping diagrams represents a function?
x y x y x y
F G H
Bangkok Indonesia 1 -2 5 11
Jakarta Malaysia 2 0 3 13
Kuala Lumpur Philippines 3 2 1 15
Manila Thailand 4 17

SOLUTION
The relations F and G are functions because each value in y is unique for a specific
value of x. The relation H is not a function because there is at least one element in x for
which there is more than one corresponding y-value. For example, x=3 corresponds to
y=11 or 15. Similarly, x=1 corresponds to both y=13 or 17
 VERTICAL LINE TEST
A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through the
graph intersects it at exactly one point.

EXAMPLE 3

Determine which of the following graphs of relation represent a function.

a y b y c y d y

x x x x

SOLUTION
Graphs a and b are graphs of functions, while c and d are not because they do
not pass the vertical line test.

FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATION OF REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS

Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate
functional model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.

EXAMPLE 4 SOLUTION
Give a function C that can represent Since each meal costs Php 50, then the
the cost of buying x meals, if one meal cost function is C(x)=50x.
costs Php 50.

EXAMPLE 5
Two hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangle area next to a
river (see figure). Give a function A that can represent the area that can be enclosed in
terms of x and y.

SOLUTION
The area of the rectangle enclosure is A = xy. We will write this as a function of x. Since
only 200m of fencing is available, then x+2y =2 00 or y= (200-x)/2=100 - 0.5x.
Thus, A =xy; A(x) = x(100-0.5x) = 100x - 0.5x2.
 PIECEWISE FUNCTION

A piecewise function or a compound function is a function defined by multiple

sub functions, where each sub function is applied to a certain interval of the main
function’s domain

Some situation can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the
values of the independent variable.

EXAMPLE 6

Mr. Reyes is charged Php 499 monthly for a particular mobile plan which includes
100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged Php 1 each. Represent
the monthly cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where m is the number of
messages sent in a month.

SOLUTION
The cost of text messaging can be expressed by the piecewise function:

t(m) = { 499
499+m
, if 0 < m ≤ 100
, if m > 100

EXAMPLE 7

A jeepney ride costs Php 8 for the first kilometer and each additional integer
kilometer adds Php1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney
fare in terms of the distance (d) in kilometers.

SOLUTION
The input value is distance and the output is the cost of the jeepney fare. If F(d)
represents the fare as a function of distance , the function can be represented as
follows

{ (8+1.5 𝑑 )
8 , if 0 < d ≤ 4
F(d) =
, if d > 4
 Work out for some mental exercises!
Do the following activities, I am sure you will find them challenging

ACTIVITY 1

Determine whether each relation is a function or not.

1. {(1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(2,1)(2,2)(3,1)}
2. {(-3,2)(-2,3)(-1,4)(0,5)(1,6)}
3. {(3,2)(5,4)(7,6)(9,8)(11,10)….}
x y x y x y
4. 1 5. 6.
3 3 144 3 6
2 5 6 81 7
3 4
7 9 36 5 8
4 9 12 9 9
5

y y

7. 8.
x x

y y
9. 10.
x x

ACTIVITY 2
Solve the following problems
1. A person is earning Php 600 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary as a
function of the number n of days that the person works.
2. A canned drink will be made using 40 in2 of aluminum. Let r be the radius of the can
and let h be the height. Define a function in terms of r that can represent the volume
of the can.
 See how easy it is when you really study and practice on what you
have learned! Now assess yourself, answer the following.

Answer the following.

1. Is the relation { (-3,9),(-2,4),(-1,1),(0,0),(1,1,)(2,4),(3,9)} a function?
2. Which of the following statements represents a function?
a. Students to their current age
b. Countries to its capital
c. A store to its merchandise
3. Which of the following letters will pass the vertical line test? V W X Y Z
4. Can the graph of an ellipse be considered a function?
5. Which of the following diagram represents a relation that is NOT a function?
A. B. C. D
Domain Range Domain Range Domain Range Domain Range

1 1 7
2 8 9 5 8
3 2 8
4 10 11 6 9
5 3 9
6 12 13 7 10
7 10

6. Sixty meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular garden. Give the

function A that can represent the areas that can be enclosed in terms of the length x.
7. Express the length of the radius of a circle as a function of its area.

Enrich your knowledge and be always on the go!

Here’s some more for you to work on!

Solve the following problems:

1. A videoke machine can be rented for Php1 000 for three days, but for the fourth day
onwards, an additional cost Php 40 per day s added. Represent the cost of renting
a videoke machine as a piecewise function of the number of days it is rented.

2. A certain chocolate bar costs Php 50 per piece. However, if you buy more than 10
pieces, they will be marked down to a price of Php 45 per piece. Use a piece wise
function to represent the cost in terms of the number of chocolate bar bought.

3. A taxi ride costs Php 40 for the first 500 meters, and each additional 300 meters (or a
fraction thereof) adds Php 3.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the
taxi fare in terms of the distance d in meters
 Now to summarize what we have learned, take note of the
following as your reference guide.

 A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a
second set of values (called the range).
 A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y).
 A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one
value in the range by some rule.
 Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams, where the
elements of the domain are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In this
case, the relation of function is represented by the set of all connections represented
by the arrows.
 A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through the graph
intersects it at exactly one point.
 Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate
functional model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.
 A piecewise function or a compound function is a function defined by multiple sub
functions, where each sub function is applied to a certain interval of the main
function’s domain.

REFERENCES
Advance Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics by Fenando B. Orines et.al. pages 13-27
General Mathematics Learner’s Material pages1-9
General Mathematics by Orlando A. Oronce pages 1-21
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https://stock.adobe.com/ph/images/seamless-background-with-simple-icons-on-the-theme-of-
mathematics-and-learning-colored-marker-on-white-background/108785264
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/cartoon-robot-isolated-on-a-white-
background-vector-25753944

ACTIVITY CARD ASSESSMENT CARD

ACTIVITY 1 1. Yes, it is a function
1. Not function 6. Not function 2. A and B, except C represents a function
2. Function 7. Function 3. V and W
3. Function 8. Function 4. No, it cannot. An ellipse will fail the
4. Not Function 9. Not Function vertical line test
5. Function 10. Function 5. C all diagram except C represent a function
6. A(x) = 30x – x2
ACTIVITY 2 𝐴
7. 7. r(A) =
1. S(n) =Php 600n 2. V = 20r – πr3 𝜋

ENRICHMENT CARD

1000 If 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 50𝑛
1. f(x) = 2.f(n) = If 0 < n ≤ 10
1000 + 400 𝑥 − 3 If x >3 45𝑛 If n > 10
40 If 0 < d ≤ 500
3. f(d) = 40 + 3.5 𝑑−500 If d > 500
300