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Inorganic Compounds Nomenclature and Reaction Stoichiometry: Prepared by Engr. Jan Rei Datinguinoo

This document discusses types of chemical bonding and inorganic compound nomenclature. It describes three main types of bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonds form from the complete transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals, covalent bonds form from the sharing of electron pairs between nonmetals, and metallic bonds result from the scattering of electrons between metal atoms. It also discusses bond energy, bond order, bond polarity, and ways to classify compounds. The document concludes by covering the naming of binary ionic compounds which follows the format of metal + nonmetal root + "-ic".

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58 views

Inorganic Compounds Nomenclature and Reaction Stoichiometry: Prepared by Engr. Jan Rei Datinguinoo

This document discusses types of chemical bonding and inorganic compound nomenclature. It describes three main types of bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonds form from the complete transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals, covalent bonds form from the sharing of electron pairs between nonmetals, and metallic bonds result from the scattering of electrons between metal atoms. It also discusses bond energy, bond order, bond polarity, and ways to classify compounds. The document concludes by covering the naming of binary ionic compounds which follows the format of metal + nonmetal root + "-ic".

Uploaded by

Alias Salvador
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Inorganic Compounds

Nomenclature and
Reaction Stoichiometry
Prepared by Engr. Jan Rei Datinguinoo
Short Review
Review of Types of Bonding and Energy
Types of Chemical Bonding

 Objects are stable if its energy is at the minimum.


 ELECTRONEGATIVITY: tendency for an atom to pull
electrons; ability of atom to grab electrons
 IONIC BOND: M-NM bonding, complete transfer of e;
produces cation and anion; static electrical
force/attraction; high difference in electronegativity
(strong pull-weak pull)
 COVALENT BOND: NM-NM bonding, sharing of e due to
localization; strong nuclear force; both have high
electronegativity (both have strong pull)
 METALLIC BOND: M-M bonding, scattering of electrons
due to delocalization; weak nuclear force; both have low
electronegativity (both have weak pull) causing the “sea
of electrons”; free electron movement causes easy
conduction of electricity
Covalent Bond and Bond Energy
Types of Covalent Bonds and Bond Energy
Formation of Chemical Bonds

 Electron-Nuclear Attraction balances the Electron-


Electron and Nuclear-Nuclear Repulsion Forces where its
energy is at MINIMUM.
 BOND ENERGY: the minimum energy required to break
(Bond Dissociation Energy) and form chemical bonds
(Bond Formation Energy).
 The larger the bond energy, the stronger the bond.
Types of Covalent Bonds
 BOND LENGTH: is the distance between the nuclei of 2
atoms
 Can be classified as SINGLE, DOUBLE or TRIPLE BONDS
 SINGLE BONDS shares a pair of e by overlapping s-
orbitals producing a sigma bond
 DOUBLE BONDS shares two pairs of e by overlapping s &
p orbitals producing a sigma and a pi bond
 TRIPLE BONDS shares three pairs of e by overlapping s
& 2p orbitals producing a sigma and two pi bonds
 BOND ORDER: the number of electron pairs shared
between two atoms (first order=single; second order-
double; third order=triple)
 The shorter the bond, the lesser the bond order, the
stronger the bond, the larger the bond energy
SIGMA: Head-to-Head Overlap
PI: Sideway Overlap

Tetrahedral electron
arrangement
Types of Covalent Bonds
 BOND POLARITY: the net effect of the molecule’s
electronegativity to other atoms around it
 If the electronegativity within the molecule is the same,
zero difference in electronegativity, non-polar covalent
[∆EN=0]
 If the electronegativity within the molecule is nearly the
same, < 2 difference in electronegativity, polar covalent
[0<∆EN<2]
 If the electronegativity within the molecule is large, > 2
difference in electronegativity, ionic bond exists [∆EN>2]
Ex: From PT: H=2.2; Li=0.98; C=2.55; O=3.44; Na=0.93;
Si=1.9; Cl=3.16
O2: 3.44 – 3.44 = 0
CO: 3.44 – 2.55 = 0.89
H2O: 3.44 – 2.2 = 1.24
NaCl: 3.16 – 0.93 = 2.23
Ways of Classifying Compounds

 Based on the kind of bond


 Based on the source or origin
 ORGANIC – living matter based carbon-containing
 INORGANIC – does not contain any carbon
 Based on the number of elements present
 BINARY – contains two atoms
 TERNARY – contains 3 atoms
 Based on the ability to conduct electricity
 ELECTROLYTE – substance whose aqueous solutions are
capable of conducting electricity
 NON-ELECTROLYTE - substance whose aqueous solutions do
not conduct electricity
Nomenclature of Inorganic
Compounds
Naming Inorganic Compounds
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Symbol Root Symbol Root
F fluor- N nitr-
Cl chlor- P phosph-
Br brom- As arsen-
I iod- Sb (Rare) antimon-
As (Rare) astat- C carb-
O ox- Si (Rare) silic-
S sulf- Ge (Rare) german-
Se selen- B bor-
Te (Rare) tellur- H hydr-

 Metal + Non-Metal Root + “-ic”


 Non-metal Roots:
Examples: NaCl, BaCl2, LiH, SiB, Li2O
Ex:
Magnesium oxide
Barium iodide
Silver chloride
Aluminum nitride

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