Determination of motor parameters

 Due to the similarity between the induction motor

equivalent circuit and the transformer equivalent
circuit, same tests are used to determine the values
of the motor parameters.
- DC test: determine the stator resistanceR1
- No-load test: determine the rotational losses and
magnetization current (similar to no-load test in
Transformers).
- Locked-rotor test: determine the rotor and stator
impedances (similar to short-circuit test in Transformers).
DC test
- The purpose of the DC test is to determineR1 . A variable DC
voltage source is connected between two stator terminals.
- The DC source is adjusted to provide approximately rated
stator current, and the resistance between the two stator
leads is determined from the voltmeter and ammeter
readings.
DC test
- then
VDC
RDC 
I DC

- If the stator is Y-connected, the per phase stator

resistance is
RDC
R1 
2
- If the stator is delta-connected, the per phase stator
resistance is
3
R1  RDC
2
No-load test

1. The motor is allowed to spin freely

2. The only load on the motor is the friction and windage
losses, so allPconv is consumed by mechanical losses
3. The slip is very small
No-load test

4. At this small slip

R 2 (1  s) R (1  s)
R2 &
2
 X 2
s s

The equivalent circuit reduces to…

No-load test

5. CombiningRc & RF+W we get……

No-load test
6. At the no-load conditions, the input power measured by
meters must equal the losses in the motor.
7. ThePRCL is negligible becauseI2 is extremely small because
R2 (1-
s s)/ is very large.
8. The input power equals

P in  P SC L  P core  P F & W
 3 I 12 R 1  P r o t
Where
P rot  P core  P F & W
No-load test
9. The equivalent input impedance is thus approximately

V
Z eq
  X 1
X M
I 1 ,nl

IfX1 can be found, in some other fashion, the magnetizing

impedanceXM will be known
Blocked-rotor test
 In this test, the rotor is locked or blocked so that it
cannot move, a voltage is applied to the motor, and
the resulting voltage, current and power are
measured.
Blocked-rotor test
 The AC voltage applied to the stator is adjusted so
that the current flow is approximately full-load value.
 The locked-rotor power factor can be found as

P in
PF  cos 
 The magnitude of the total impedance
3V I l l

V
Z LR

I
Blocked-rotor test
Z LR
 R LR  jX
'
LR

 Z LR
cos  j Z LR
si n 
R LR  R1  R 2
X
'
LR
 X 1
'
X 2
'

WhereX’1 andX’2 are the stator and rotor reactances at the

test frequency respectively
R2  R LR  R1
f r a te d
X LR
 X
'
LR
 X 1
X 2
f te s t
EXAMPLES
•Example : A no‑load test conducted on a 30 hp, 835 r/min, 440 V, 3‑phase, 60
Hz squirrel‑cage induction motor yielded the following results:
•No‑load voltage (line‑to‑line): 440 V
•No‑load current: 14 A
•No‑load power: 1470 W
•Resistance measured between two terminals: 0.5 
•The locked‑rotor test, conducted at reduced voltage, gave the following
results:
•Locked‑rotor voltage (line‑to‑line): 163 V
•Locked‑rotor power: 7200 W
•Locked‑rotor current: 60 A
•Determine the equivalent circuit of the motor.
R1  0 . 5 / 2  0 . 25 
•From the no‑load test:

V LL 440
V1    254 V / Phase
3 3
V1 254
Z NL
   18 . 143 
I1 14
 P NL 1470
R NL    2 .5 
2 2
3I 1 3 * 14

X NL
 Z
2
NL
 R NL2  18 . 143
2
 2 . 5 2  17 . 97

X 1 X m  X NL  17 . 97 
•From the blocked‑rotor test
P BL 7200
R BL
   0 . 6667 
2 2
3I 1 3 * 60
BL
 •The blocked‑rotor reactance is:
2
X BL  Z BL  R BL2   1 . 5685
2
 0 . 6667 2
 1 . 42 

X BL  X 1  X 2  1 . 42 
X 1  X   0 . 71 
2

X m  X NL X 1  17 . 97  0 . 71  17 . 26 
R  R BL  R 1  0 . 6667  0 . 25  0 . 4167 
 Example:The following test results are obtained from a three-phase 60 hp, 2200 V,
six‑pole, 60 Hz squirrel‑cage induction motor.
 (1) No‑load test:
 Supply frequency = 60 Hz, Line voltage = 2200 V
 Line current = 4.5 A, Input power = 1600 W
 (2) Blocked‑rotor test:
 Frequency = 15 Hz, Line voltage = 270 V
 Line current = 25 A, Input power = 9000 W
 (3) Average DC resistance per stator phase: 2.8 
 (a) Determine the no‑load rotational loss.
 (b) Determine the parameters of the equivalent circuit
 (c) Determine the parameters (Vth, Rth, Xth) for the Thevenin equivalent circuit
 2200 V1 1270 . 2
V1   1270 . 2 V / Phase Z NL
   282 . 27 
3 I1 4.5

P NL 1600
R NL
 2
 2
 26 . 34 
3I 1 3 * 4.5
 •(a) No-Load equivalent Circuit (b) Locked rotor equivalent circuit

X NL
 Z
2
NL
R 2
NL
 282 . 27
2
 26 . 34
2
 281 
X 1
X m
 X NL
 281 
P BL 9000
R BL
 2
 2
 4.8 
3I 1 3 * 25

R 2  R BL  R 1  4 . 8  2 . 8  2 
•impedance at 15 Hz is: V1 270
Z BL
   6 . 24 
I1 3 * 25
•The blocked‑rotor reactance at 15 Hz is
X BL
 6 . 24
2
 4 . 8 2   3 . 98 
•Its value at 60 Hz is 60
X BL
 3 . 98 *  15 . 92 
15
 X BL
 X 1
 X 2
15 . 92
X 1  X 
2   7 . 96  •at 60 Hz
2

X m
 281  7 . 96  273 . 04 
R  R BL  R 1  4 . 8  2 . 8  2 
 273 . 04
V th  V1  0 . 97 V1
7 . 96  273 . 04

R th  0 . 97 2
R1  0 . 97 2
* 2 .8  2 . 63 

X th
 X 1
 7 . 96 