CE 371 HOMEWORK 1

1) The velocity distribution for the flow of a

Newtonian fluid between two wide, parallel
plates is given by equation
3V   y  
2

u= 1 −   
2   h  
where V is the mean velocity. The fluid has a
viscosity of 0.38 Ns/m2. When V=1m/s and
h=0.5 cm determine:
a) the shearing stress acting on the bottom
wall
b) the shearing stress acting on a plane
parallel to the walls and passing through the
centerline

2) A block of mass M slides on a thin film of

oil. The film thickness is h and the area of
the block A. When released, mass m exerts
tension on the cord, causing the block to
accelerate. Neglect friction in the pulley and
air resistance. Develop an algebraic
expression for the viscous force that acts on
the block when it moves at speed V. Derive a
differential equation for the block speed as a
function of time. Obtain an expression for the
block speed as function of time. The mass
M=5kg, m=1kg, A=25 cm2, and h=0.5 mm.
If it takes 1 second for the speed to reach 1
m/s, find oil viscosity µ.
3) A large moveable plate is located between
two large plate as shown in the figure.
Determine the magnitude and direction of the
shearing stresses that act on the fixed walls
when the moving plate has a velocity of 4
m/s. Assume that the velocity distribution
between the plates is linear
4) A viscous clutch is to be made from a pair
of closely spaced parallel disks enclosing a
thin layer of viscous liquid. Develop an
expression for the torque in terms of liquid
viscosity µ, disk radius R, disk spacing a, and
the angular speeds; wi of the input disk and
wo of the output disk.
5) A spherical thrust bearing is shown. The
gap between the spherical member and the
housing is of constant width h. Obtain an
expression for the torque on the spherical
member, as a function of angle α.

6) A conical pointed shaft turns in a conical

bearing. The gap between shaft and bearing
is filled with oil having viscosity of 0.2
Ns/m2. Calculate the viscous torque that acts
on the shaft.

7) If the inside diameter of capillary tube is 3

mm, θ angle is equal to 30° and the σ for the
water in the presence of air is 0.0730N/m
determine the height h, of water rise in the
capillary tube and draw the figure of the
capillary tube. Specific weight of water in the
capillary tube is 9806 N/m3

ANSWERS

1) a) 228 N/m2 b)0

2) Fv = µVA h ; V = (mgh µA )(1 − exp[− µAt / (M + m )h ]) ; µ = 1.29 Ns/m2
3) 13.3 N/m2 in direction of moving plate
4) T = πµ ⋅ ∆ω ⋅ R 4 / 2a
2πµωR 4  cos 3 α 2
5) T =  − cos α + 
h  3 3 
6) T= 0.0205 N.m
7) 8.6 mm
 CE 371 HOMEWORK 2

1) Find the difference in pressure

between tanks A and B if
d1=300mm, d2=150mm, d3=460mm,
d4=200 mm and S.GHG =13.6
γw=9.80 kN/m3

2) Determine the elevation

difference, ∆h, between the water
levels in the two open tanks shown
in the figure. γw=9.80 kN/m3

3) An air-filled, hemispherical shell

is attached to the ocean floor at a
depth of 10 m as shown in the
figure. A mercury barometer located
inside the shell reads 765 mm Hg,
and a mercury U-tube manometer
designed to give the outside water
pressure indicates a differential
reading of 735 mm Hg as illustrated.
Based on these data what is the
atmospheric pressure at the ocean
surface. γmercury=133 kN/m3,
γsea water=10.1 kN/m3
4) Calculate the difference in
pressure between centers of tank A
and tank B. If the entire system is
rotated 180° about the axis MM,
what changes in pressure between
the tanks would be necessary to
maintain the position of the fluids
intact.
γw=9.80 kN/m3
5) A partitioned tank as shown
contains water and mercury. What is
the gage pressure in the air trapped
in the left chamber? What pressure
would the air on the left need to be
pumped to in order to bring water
and mercury free surfaces level?
γw=9.80 kN/m3, S.Gmercury =13.55

6) Consider a tank containing

mercury, water, benzene, and air as
shown. Find the air pressure(gage),
If an opening is made in the top of
the tank, find the equilibrium level
of the mercury in the manometer.
S.Gmercury =13.55
S.Gbenzene =0.879
γw=9.80 kN/m3

7) An inverted open tank is held in

place by a force R as shown in
figure. If the specific gravity of the 1 cm diameter
manometer fluid is 2.5, determine tube
the value of h and R. Neglect the R
weight of the tank. 2 m diameter
tank
h
Air
3m
2m
Water
1m
Water

ANSWERS
1) 77.217 kPa
2) 0.040 m
3) 94.9 kPa
4) 2519 Pa ; -2519 Pa
5) p = 3.48 kPa (gage) ; p= 123 kPa
6) p = 24.7 kPa (gage) ; h=0.116 m
7) h= 2.20m; R=61.6 kN
 CE 371 HOMEWORK 3

1) A gate having the shape in the figure is

located in the vertical side of an open tank
containing water. The gate is mounted on a
horizontal shaft. (a) When the water level is
at the top of the gate, determine the
magnitude of the fluid force on rectangular
portion of the gate above the shaft and the
magnitude of the fluid force on the
semicircular portion of the gate below the
shaft. (b) For this same fluid depth determine
the moment of the force acting on the
semicircular portion of the gate with respect
to an axis which coincides with the shaft.
γwater = 9810 N/m3
For a a semi circle;
4R
I xc = 0.1098R 4 and y CG =
3π

Gate
2) As water rises on the left side of the
rectangular gate, the gate will open
automatically. At what depth above the hinge
1.5 m
will this occur? Neglect the mass of the gate. D
γwater = 9810 N/m3

Hinge
Water

3) Gate AB in the figure has a homogeneous

mass of 180 kg, 1.2 m wide into the paper,
resting on smooth bottom B. For what water
depth h will the force at point B be zero?
γglycerin = 12360 N/m3, γwater = 9810 N/m3
4) The pressure in the air gap is 8000 Pa
gage. The tank is cylindrical. Calculate the
net hydrostatic force (a) on the bottom of
the tank; (b) on the cylindrical sidewall
CC; and (c) on the annular plane panel BB.
γwater = 9810 N/m3

5) For the closed tank of the figure, all

fluids are at 20°C and the air space is
pressurized. If the outward net hydrostatic
force on the 40-cm by 30-cm panel at the
bottom is 8450 N, estimate (a) the pressure
in the air space; and (b) the reading h on
the manometer. γoil = 8720 N/m3, γwater =
9810 N/m3, γmercury = 133100 N/m3

6) A “V” shaped tank is hinged about point

A as shown in the figure. The tank is C
B Cable
prevented from opening by a cable BC. Find 1m
the force in the cable if the spacing between
Water
the cables perpendicular the figure’s plane is 3m
110°
1 m. γwater = 9810 N/m3
A Hinge

7) Gate AB in the figure is hinged at A,

has width b into the paper, and makes
smooth contact at B. The gate has uniform
density ρS and uniform thickness t. For what
gate density, expressed as a function of (h, t,
ρ, θ), will the gate just begin to lift off the
bottom?

8) An open rectangular container contains a

liquid that has a specific weight that varies
according to the equation γ = c1 + c 2 h , where
c1 and c2 are constants and h is a vertical
coordinate measured downward from the
free surface. Derive an equation for the
magnitude of the liquid force exerted on the
one wall of the container having a width, b,
and height H, and an equation that gives the
vertical coordinate of this force.

9) Two square gates close two openings in a

conduit connected to an open tank of water
as shown in the figure. When the water depth
h reaches 5 m it is desired that both gates
open at the same time. Determine the weight
of the homogeneous horizontal gate and the
horizontal force R, acting on the vertical gate
that is required to keep the gates closed until
this depth is reached. The weight of the
vertical gate is negligible and both gates are
hinged at one end as shown. Friction in the
hinges is negligible. γwater = 9810 N/m3

10) A structure is attached to the ocean floor

as shown in the figure. 2 m diameter hatch is
located an inclined and hinged at on one
edge. Determine the minimum air pressure,
p1 within the container to open the hatch.
Neglect the weight of the hatch and friction
in the hinge. γsea water = 10.1 kN/m3

ANSWERS

1)a) Frec = 1059 kN, Fcir = 1009 kN; b) 1.37×106 Nm

2) 2.598 m
3) 2.44 m
4) a) 1183.8 N; b) 0; c) 853.8 N
5) a) 58808 Pa (gauge); b) 0.44 m
6) 33541 N
2h
7) ρ s = ρ
3t cos θ
2 1  c2 
+  H
 H 2
H  h 3 4  c1 
3
8) F = b c1 + c2 ; =
 2 6  H 1c 
1 +  2 H
3  c1 
9) W = 31.92 kN, R =497.04 kN
10) 26.5 kPa
 CE 371 HOMEWORK 4

1) A plug in the bottom of a pressurized tank

is conical in shape as shown. The air pressure
is 50 kPa and the liquid in the tank has a
specific weight of 27 kN/m3. Determine the
magnitude, direction and line of action of the
force exerted on the curved surface of the
cone within the tank due to the 50 kPa
pressure and the liquid.

2) Three gates of negligible weight are used

to hold back water in a channel of width b as
shown in figure. The force of the gate against
the block for gate (b) is R. Determine (in
terms of R) the force against the blocks for
the other two gates.

3)A cylindrical weir has a diameter of 3 m

and a length of 6 m. Find the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force acting on the
weir from the weir. γwater = 9810 N/m3
4) Circular-arc Tainter gate ABC
pivots about point O. For the position
shown, determine (a) the hydrostatic force
on the gate (per meter of width into the
paper); and (b) its line of action. Does the
force pass through point O?
γwater = 9810 N/m3

5) The tank in the figure contains

benzene and is pressurized to 200 kPa
(gage) in the air gap. Determine the vertical
hydrostatic force on circular-arc section AB
and its line of action.
ρbenzene = 881 kg/m3
6) A dam is to be constructed across a river
using the cross section shown. Assume the
dam width is w = 50 m. For water height H =
2.5 m, calculate the magnitude and the line of
action vertical force of water on the dam
face.

7) The uniform 5-m-long wooden rod in the

figure is tied to the bottom by a string.
Determine (a) the string tension; and (b) the
specific gravity of the wood.
γw = 9810 N/m3

8) A block of wood (SG = 0.6) floats

in fluid X in the figure such that 75% of
its volume is submerged in fluid X. Estimate
the gage pressure of the air in the tank.

9) A uniform block of steel (SG =

7.85) will “float” at a mercury-water
interface as in the figure. What is the ratio
of the distances a and b for this condition?
SGmercury =13.56

ANSWERS
1) 127.8 kN directed vertically downward along the cone axis.
2) FB = 1.17R [for case (a)]; FB = 0.875R [for case (c)]
3) Fres = 369.9 kN; α= 57.5°
4) Fres =179.45 kN; α= 10.27° ; yes
5) FV = 122400 N/m; acting 29.9 cm to the right of A
6) FV = 1.05×106 N acting 1.61 m from the upstream face of the dam
7) a) 39.4 N ; b) SG=0.64
8) pair-gage = -3139.2 N/m2
9) 0.834
 CE 371 HOMEWORK 5.1
r r r
1) The velocity field V = ax i − by j , where a = b = 1 s-1, can be interpreted to represent flow
in a corner.
a) Show that particle motion is described by the parametric equations x p = c1e at , y p = c 2 e − bt
b) Obtain equation of pathline for located at (1,2) at t = 0
c) Compare pathline with streamline through the same point.

2) A three dimensional velocity field is given by u = 2x, v = -y and w = z. Determine the

acceleration vector.

3) A velocity field is given by u = cx2 and v = cy2, where c is a constant.a) Determine the x
and y components of the acceleration.b) At what point (points) in the flow field is
acceleration is zero?

4) The x and y components of a velocity field is given by u = x2y and v = -xy2. Determine the
equation of streamlines and pathlines of this flow.

5) The velocity field of a flow is given by u = − V0 y (x 2 + y 2 ) and v = V0 x (x 2 + y 2 )

1/ 2 1/ 2

where V0 is constant. a) Where in the flow field is the speed equal to V0 ? b) Determine the
equation of the streamlines.

(
6) a) Show that the streamlines for a flow whose velocity components are u = c x 2 − y 2 and )
v = −2 xcy , where c is a constant, are given by the equation x 2 y − y 3 / 3 = cons tan t. b) At
which point (points) is the flow parallel to the y axis ? At which point (points) is the fluid
stationary.

7) The x and y components of a velocity field are given by u = x-y and v = x2y-8. Determine
the location of any stagnation points in the flow field. That is, what point(s) is the velocity
zero?
r 1/ 2 r 1/ 2 r
8) The velocity field of a flow is given by V = 20 y (x 2 + y 2 ) i − 20 x (x 2 + y 2 ) j m/s,
where x and y in meters. a) Determine the fluid speed at points along the x axis; along the y
axis. b) What is the angle between the velocity vector and the y axis at points (x,y)= (5,0),
(5,5) and (0,5) ?

ANSWERS

1) b) xy = 2 (pathline); c) xy = 2 (streamline)
r r r r
2) a = 4 x i + y j + zk
3) a) ax = 2c2x3, ay = 2c2y3 ; b) (x,y) = (0,0)
4) xy = constant
5) a) V = V0 for the entire flow field; b) x2 + y2 = constant
6) b) This occurs when x = ± y; c) (x,y) = (0,0)
7) (x,y) = (2,2)
8) a) V = 20 m/s, b) θ = -90° for (5,0); θ = -45° for (5,5); θ = 0° for (0,5)
 CE 371 HOMEWORK 5.4

1) The three components of velocity in a flow field are given by,

u = x 2 + y2 + z2
v = xy + yz + z 2
w = −3xz − z 2 / 2 + 4
a) Is this flow incompressible? b) Determine an expression for the rotation vector. Is this an
irrotational flow field?
2) Determine an expression for the rotation of the flow described by,
V = -4xy3i + y4j
Is the flow irrotational?

3) For what combination of constants a, b, c and e can the velocity components,

u = ax + by
v = cx + ey
w=0
be used to describe an incompressible flow field ?

4) The velocity components of an incompressible, two dimensional velocity field are given by
the equations,
u = 2xy
v = x2 – y2
Show that the flow is irrotational and satisfies the conservation of mass.
5) The x component of velocity in steady, incompressible flow field in xy plane is u = A/x,
where A = 2 m2/s, and x is measured in meters. Find the simplest y component of velocity for
this flow field.

ANSWERS

1) a) Yes; b) w = −( y / 2 + z)i + (5z / 2) j − ( y / 2)k ; Rotational flow field

2) w = 6xy2k; Rotational flow field
3) a + e = 0
5) v = Ay/x2
 CE 371 HOMEWORK 6

1) Three pipes steadily deliver water at

20°C to a large exit pipe as shown in the
figure. The velocity V2 = 5 m/s, and the exit
flow rate Q4 = 120 m3/h. Find (a) V1; (b) V3;
and (c) V4
if it is known that increasing Q3 by
20% would increase Q4 by 10%

2) Water flowing through an 8-cm-diameter

pipe enters a porous section, as shown in
the figure, which allows a uniform radial
velocity vw through the wall surfaces for a
distance of 1.2 m. If the entrance average
velocity V1 is 12 m/s, find the exit velocity
V2 if (a) vw = 15 cm/s out of the pipe walls;
(b) vw = 10 cm/s into the pipe. (c) What value
of vw will make V2 = 9 m/s?

3) The open tank in the figure contains

Water. If h is constant, determine V2 for the
given data if V1 = 3 m/s and Q3 = 0.01 m3/s.

4) Viscous liquid from a circular tank, D = 300 mm in diameter, drains through a long circular
tube of radius R = 50 mm. The velocity profile at the tube discharge is
  r 2  1
u = u max 1 −    .Show that the average speed of flow in the drain tube is Vave = u max .
  R   2
5) Oil having a specific gravity 0.9 is
pumped as illustrated in the figure with a
water jet pump. The water volume flowrate is
1 m3/s. The water and oil mixture has an
average specific gravity of 0.95. Calculate
the rate, in m3/s, at which the pump moves
oil.
6) Water enters a two dimensional square vmax
vmin
channel of constant width h = 75.5 mm, with
uniform velocity U. The channel makes a 90°
bend that distorts the flow to produce the
linear velocity profile as shown at the exit,
with vmax = 2vmin . Evaluate the vmin, if U = U h
7.5 m/s.
7) An incompressible fluid flows
steadily through the rectangular duct in the
figure. The exit velocity profile is given by
u = umax(1 – y2/b2)(1 – z2/h2). (a) Does this
profile satisfy the correct boundary
conditions for viscous fluid flow? (b) Find an
analytical expression for the volume flow Q
at the exit. (c) If the inlet flow is 0.1416 m3/s,
estimate umax in m/s. (b = h = 10 cm)

ANSWERS
1) a) V1 = 5.45 m/s ; b) V3 = 5.89 m/s ; c) V4 = 5.24 m/s
2) a) V2 = 3 m/s; b) V2 = 18 m/s; c) vw = 0.05 m/s (out).
dh Q1 + Q 3 − Q 2
3) a) = ; b) V2 = 4.13 m/s
dt (
πd 2 4 )
5) Q2 = 1 m3/s
6) vmin = 5.0 m/s
16bhu max
7) a) Yes; b) Q = c) umax = 7.96 m/s
9
 CE 371 HOMEWORK 9

1) A wedge splits a sheet of water, as shown

in the figure. Both wedge and sheet are very
long into the paper. If the force required to
hold the wedge stationary is F = 124 N per
meter of depth into the paper, what is the
angle θ of the wedge?
ρwater = 998 kg/m3

2) When a jet strikes an inclined plate,

it breaks into two jets of equal velocity V
but unequal fluxes αQ at (2) and (1 – α)Q
at (3), as shown. Find α, assuming that the
tangential force on the plate is zero.

3). For the elbow duct in the figure oil enters

section 1 at 350 N/s, where the flow is
laminar, and exits at section 2, where the
flow is turbulent:
1/ 7
 2
  
u1 = Vav 1 − r 2  , u2 = Vav 1 − r 
 R   R 
 1   2 
Assuming steady incompressible flow,
compute the force, and its direction, of the oil
on the elbow due to momentum change only
(no pressure change or friction effects)
γoil = 8720 N/m3

4) In the figure shown, the jet strikes a vane

which moves to the right at constant velocity
Vc on a frictionless cart. Compute (a) the
force Fx required to restrain the cart and (b)
the power P delivered to the cart. Also find
the cart velocity for which (c) the force Fx is
a maximum and (d) the power P is a
maximum.
5) Gravel is dumped from a hopper, at a rate
of 650 N/s, onto a moving belt, as in
The figure. The gravel then passes off the
end of the belt. The drive wheels are 80 cm
in diameter and rotate clockwise at 150
r/min. Neglecting system friction and air
drag, estimate the power required to drive
this belt.

6) A liquid jet of density ρ and area A

strikes a block and splits into two jets, as
shown in the figure. All three jets have the
same velocity V. The upper jet exits at angle
θ and area αA, the lower jet turns down at
90° and area (1 − α)A. (a) Derive a formula
for the forces (Fx,Fy) required to support
the block against momentum changes.
(b) Show that Fy = 0 only if α≥ 0.5.
(c) Find the values of α and θ for which both
Fx and Fy are zero.

ANSWERS
1) θ = 48°
2) α = 0.5(1+cosθ)
3) Fx = 256 N, Fy = 254 N
4) a) Fx = ρAj(Vj-Vc)2(1-cosθ); b) P = ρAjVc(Vj-Vc)2(1-cosθ) c) Vc = 0 d) Vc = Vj/3
5) P = 2600 W
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
6) a) Fx = m V ( 1 − α cos θ ) , Fy = m V ( α sin θ + α − 1 ) ( m = ρAV )
c) α=1, θ=0