8051 Instruction Set
January 2, 2013 By Himanshu Choudhary
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Here one can find complete instruction set of 8051 microcontroller. Complete
information regarding each instruction like operational explanation, addressing mode,
no. of byte occupied, no. of cycles used etc is given. So just, go through it. It’s a ready
reference.
Consider the code snippet
Line1. MOV SI, 1000H
Line2. MOV AX, 0
Line3. MOV BX, 1
Line4. MOV CX, 5
Line5. ADD AX,BX
Line6. BACK: MOV [SI], AX
Line7. INC SI
Line8. MOV [SI], BX
Line9. INC SI
Line10. LOOP BACK
What are the Value of SI ?
MOV AH,09H;
LEA DX,MSG;
INT 21H;
Line1. MOV AH, 01H
Line2. INT 21H
Line3. SUB AL, 30H
Line4. MOV AX, 1234H
Line5. RET
Line6. P1 ENDP
Line1. MOV DX, 0AH
Line2. MOV BX, 00H
Line3. CMP BX, DX
Line4. JG NOTFOUND
Line5. MOV AX, BX
Line6. ADD AX, DX
Line7. SHR AX, 01H
Line8. NOTFOUND: END
When you execute this code what is the value of AX?
Line1. RPT1: MOV AH, 01H
Line2. INT 21H
Line3. MOV A[SI], AL
Line4. INC SI
Line5. CMP AL, 0DH
Line6. JNE RPT1
When you execute this code what is the output?
Line1. .DATA
Line2. MSG1 DB 'STRINGS ARE EQAUL'
Line3. .CODE
Line4. MOV AX,@DATA
Line5. MOV DS, AX
Line6. MOV AH, 09H
Line7. LEA DX, MSG1
Line8. INT 21H
When you execute this code what is the out put?
MOV DX, 0AH
MOV BX, 00H
CMP BL, DX
When you execute above instruction what is the error ?
Write a set of 8086 instructions to perform the following task
S[0] = 0
S[1] = 1
S[2] = 1
S[3] = 2
S[4] = 3
Write a set of 8086 instructions to read number 15?
The complete 8051 Instruction Set or all 8051 instructions are broadly classify in to
four groups data moving, logical, arithmetic and branching.
Data moving / handling Instructions:
Mnemonics Operational Addressin No. of No. of
description g mode bytes cycles
occupied used
Mov a,#num Copy the immediate immediate 2 1
data num in to acc
Mov Rx,a Copy the data from acc register 1 1
to Rx
Mov a,Rx Copy the data from Rx register 1 1
to acc
Mov Copy the immediate immediate 2 1
Rx,#num data num in to Rx
Mov a,add Copy the data from direct 2 1
direct address add to
acc
Mov add,a Copy the data from acc direct 2 1
to direct address add
Mov Copy the immediate direct 3 2
add,#num data num in to direct
address
Mov Copy the data from direct 3 2
add1,add2 add2 to add1
Mov Rx,add Copy the data from direct 2 2
direct address add to Rx
Mov add,Rx Copy the data from Rx direct 2 2
to direct address add
Mov @Rp,a Copy the data in acc to Indirect 1 1
address in Rp
Mov a,@Rp Copy the data that is at Indirect 1 1
address in Rp to acc
Mov Copy the data that is at Indirect 2 2
add,@Rp address in Rp to add
Mov Copy the data in add to Indirect 2 2
@Rp,add address in Rp
Mov Copy the immediate Indirect 2 1
@Rp,#num byte num to the address
in Rp
Movx a,@Rp Copy the content of Indirect 1 2
external add in Rp to
acc
Movx Copy the content of Indirect 1 2
a,@DPTR external add in DPTR to
acc
Movx @Rp,a Copy the content of acc Indirect 1 2
to the external add in Rp
Movx Copy the content of acc Indirect 1 2
@DPTR,a to the external add in
DPTR
Movc The address is formed indirect 1 2
a,@a+DPTR by adding acc and
DPTR and its content is
copied to acc
Movc a, The address is formed indirect 1 2
@a+PC by adding acc and PC
and its content is copied
to acc
Push add Increment SP and copy Direct 2 2
the data from source
add to internal RAM
address contained in SP
Pop add copy the data from direct 2 2
internal RAM address
contained in SP to
destination add and
decrement SP
Xch a, Rx Exchange the data Register 1 1
between acc and Rx
Xch a, add Exchange the data Direct 2 1
between acc and given
add
Xch a,@Rp Exchange the data Indirect 1 1
between acc and
address in Rp
Xchd a, @Rp Exchange only lower indirect 1 1
nibble of acc and
address in Rp
Logical Instructions
Logical Instructions: –
Mnemonics Operational Addressin No. of No. of
description g mode bytes cycles
occupied used
Anl a, #num AND each bit of acc with Immediate 2 1
same bit of immediate
num, stores result in acc
Anl a, add AND each bit of acc with Direct 2 1
same bit of content in
add, stores result in acc
Anl a, Rx AND each bit of acc with Register 1 1
same bit of content of
Rx, stores result in acc
Anl a, @Rp AND each bit of acc with Indirect 1 1
same bit of content of
add given by Rp, stores
result in acc
Anl add, a AND each bit of acc with Direct 2 1
same bit of direct add
num, stores result in add
Anl add, AND each bit of direct direct 3 2
#num add with same bit of
immediate num, stores
result in add
orl a, #num OR each bit of acc with Immediate 2 1
same bit of immediate
num, stores result in acc
orl a, add OR each bit of acc with Direct 2 1
same bit of content in
add, stores result in acc
orl a, Rx OR each bit of acc with Register 1 1
same bit of content of
Rx, stores result in acc
orl a, @Rp OR each bit of acc with Indirect 1 1
same bit of content of
add given by Rp, stores
result in acc
orl add, a OR each bit of acc with Direct 2 1
same bit of direct add
num, stores result in add
orl add, OR each bit of direct add direct 3 2
#num with same bit of
immediate num, stores
result in add
Xrl a, #num XOR each bit of acc with Immediate 2 1
same bit of immediate
num, stores result in acc
Xrl a, add XOR each bit of acc with Direct 2 1
same bit of content in
add, stores result in acc
Xrl a, Rx XOR each bit of acc with Register 1 1
same bit of content of
Rx, stores result in acc
Xrl a, @Rp XOR each bit of acc with Indirect 1 1
same bit of content of
add given by Rp, stores
result in acc
Xrl add, a XOR each bit of acc with Direct 2 1
same bit of direct add
num, stores result in add
Xrl add, XOR each bit of direct direct 3 2
#num add with same bit of
immediate num, stores
result in add
Clr a Clear each bit of acc Direct 1 1
Cpl a Complement each bit of direct 1 1
acc
Anl c, b AND carry with given bit — 2 2
b, stores result in carry
Anl c, /b AND carry with — 2 2
complement of given bit
b, stores result in carry
Orl c, b OR carry with given bit — 2 2
b, stores result in carry
Orl c, /b OR carry with — 2 2
complement of given bit
b, stores result in carry
Cpl c Complement carry flag — 1 1
Cpl b Complement bit b — 2 1
Clr c Clear carry flag — 1 1
Clr b Clear given bit b — 2 1
Mov c, b Copy bit b to carry — 2 1
Mov b, c Copy carry to bit b — 2 2
Setb c Set carry flag — 1 1
Setb b Set bit b — 2 1
Rl a Rotate acc one bit left — 1 1
Rr a Rotate acc one bit right — 1 1
Rlc a Rotate acc one bit left — 1 1
with carry
Rrc a Rotate acc one bit right — 1 1
with carry
Swap a Exchange upper and — 1 1
lower nibble of acc
Arithmetic Instructions
Arithmetic Instructions: –
Mnemonics Operational description Addressing No. of No. of
mode bytes cycles
occupied used
Inc a Add 1 to acc Register 1 1
Inc Rr Add 1 to register Rr Register 1 1
Inc add Add 1 to the content of Direct 2 1
add
Inc @rp Add 1 to the content of the indirect 1 1
address in Rp
Inc DPTR Add 1 to DPTR Register 1 2
dec a Subtract 1 from acc Register 1 1
dec Rr Subtract 1 from Rr Register 1 1
dec add Subtract 1 from content of Direct 2 1
add
dec @rp Subtract 1 from the indirect 1 1
content of address
Add a, Add the immediate num immediate 2 1
#num with acc and stores result
in acc
Add a, Rx Add the data in Rx with Register 1 1
acc and stores result in
acc
Add a, add Add the data in add with Direct 2 1
acc and stores result in
acc
Add a, Add the data at the Indirect 1 1
@Rp address in Rp with acc
and stores result in acc
Addc Add the immediate num immediate 2 1
a,#num with acc and carry, stores
result in acc
Addc a, Rx Add the data in Rx with Register 1 1
acc and carry, stores
result in acc
Addc a, Add the data in add with Direct 2 1
add acc and carry, stores
result in acc
Addc a, Add the data at the Indirect 1 1
@Rp address in Rp with acc
and carry, stores result in
acc
Subb a, Subtract immediate num immediate 2 1
#num and carry from acc; stores
the result in acc
Subb a, Subtract the content of Register 1 1
add add and carry from acc;
stores the result in acc
Subb a, Rx Subtract the data in Rx Direct 2 1
and carry from acc; stores
the result in acc
Subb a, Subtract the data at the Indirect 1 1
@Rp address in Rp and carry
from acc; stores the result
in acc
Mul ab Multiply acc and register — 1 4
B. store the lower byte of
result in acc and higher
byte in B
div ab divide acc by register B. — 1 4
store quotient in acc and
remainder in B
Da a After addition of two — 1 1
packed BCD numbers,
adjust the sum to decimal
format
Branching Instructions
Branching Instructions: –
Mnemonic Operational description No of bytes No. of
occupied cycles
used
Jc label Jump to label if carry is set to 1 2 2
Jnc label Jump to label if carry is cleared to 0 2 2
Jb b,label Jump to label if given bit is set to 1 3 2
Jnb Jump to label if given bit is cleared to 3 2
b,label 0
Jbc Jump to label if given bit is set. Clear 3 2
b,label the bit
Cjne a, Compare the content of accumulator 3 2
add, label with the content of given address and
if not equal jump to label
Cjne a, Compare the content of accumulator 3 2
#num, with immediate number and if not
label equal jump to label
Cjne Rx, Compare the content of Rx with the 3 2
#num, immediate number and if not equal
label jump to label
Cjne Compare the content of location in Rp 3 2
@Rp, with immediate number and if not
#num, equal jump to label
label
Djnz Rx, Decrement the content of Rx and 2 2
label jump to the label if it is not zero
Djnz add, Decrement the content of address and 3 2
label jump to the label if it is not zero
Jz label Jump to the label if content of 2 2
accumulator is 0
Jnz label Jump to the label if content of 2 2
accumulator is not 0
Jmp Jump to the address created by 1 2
@a+dptr adding the contents on accumulator
and dptr
Ajmp Take a jump to absolute short range 2 2
sadd address sadd
Ljmp ladd Take a jump to absolute long range 3 2
address sadd
Sjmp radd Take a jump to relative address radd 2 2
nop Short form of no operation means do 1 1
nothing and go to next instruction
Acall Pushes the content of Acc on stack 2 2
sadd and load it will absolute short range
address sadd
Lcall ladd Pushes the content of Acc on stack 3 2
and load it will absolute long range
address sadd
Ret returns from subroutine by restoring 1 2
the Acc from stack using pop
operation
reti Returns from interrupt subroutine by 1 2
restoring Acc from stack using pop
operation
