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Avionics Lecture Handouts (L-10)

The document provides an overview of different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It discusses the basics of each system such as their numeric base, the digits used, and examples. The lecture focuses on reviewing number systems as a prerequisite for understanding digital systems. Details are given on how each place value is determined and how binary, octal, and hexadecimal relate to and are used in computer systems. Further learning resources like videos and books are also referenced.

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Gowri Shankar
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46 views3 pages

Avionics Lecture Handouts (L-10)

The document provides an overview of different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It discusses the basics of each system such as their numeric base, the digits used, and examples. The lecture focuses on reviewing number systems as a prerequisite for understanding digital systems. Details are given on how each place value is determined and how binary, octal, and hexadecimal relate to and are used in computer systems. Further learning resources like videos and books are also referenced.

Uploaded by

Gowri Shankar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MAHENDRA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MAHENDHIRAPURI, MALLASAMUDRAM - 637503 L-10


AE

Lecture Handouts
Subject Name: AVIONICS
VII/IV

Staff Name : Mr. J. GOWRI SHANKAR, AP/ECE

Unit : II (PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS) Date of


Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Review of Number Systems-Types

Introduction :

 A numeral system is a writing system for expressing numbers i.e., a mathematical notation for
representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.
 Ideally, a numeral system will, represent a useful set of numbers (e.g. all integers, or rational
numbers).
 Give every number represented a unique representation (or at least a standard representation).
 Reflect the algebraic and arithmetic structure of the numbers.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete learning of Topic:

 Natural and Whole Numbers


 Bases(Radix) for a Number

Detailed content of the Lecture:

 We are familiar with numbers, characters and symbols.


 But this type of data are not suitable for microprocessor, logic circuits, computers etc. For this
reason data is converted into electronic pulses and each pulse is identified as code.
 Then this code is converted into numeric format by ASCII, where each number, character and
symbol have numerical equivalent. E.g.: Character A has ASCII value 65.
 Using this equivalent, the data is interchanged into numeric format.
 For this numeric conversions we use number systems having a base number, which indicates the
number of digits in that number system.
TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEM:

 Binary Number System


 Octal Number System
 Decimal Number System
 Hexadecimal Number System

Fig 1.1 : Number systems

BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM:


 Represents two types of digits 0's and 1's, so the base of number system is 2.
 Uses two types of electronic pulses, where absence of pulse shows 0 and presence of pulse shows 1.
 Each binary digit is called as bit.
 Left-most bit of a number is known as Most Significant Bit (MSB) and right-most bit is known as
Least Significant Bit (LSB). Its same for all number system.
 A group of 4 bit is called as nibble and group of 8 bit is called as byte.
 Value of digit is determined by the position of digit in the number, where lowest value is for the
right-most position and each successive position to the left has a higher place value. Its same for all
number system.
 Examples: a) (010101)2 b) (1010.101)2

OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM:

 Represents 8 types of digits from 0 to 7, so the base of number system is 8.


 It takes exactly three binary digits to represent an octal digit.
 Binary 000 is same as octal digit 0, binary 001 is same as octal 1, and so on.
 Insufficient to convert values into bytes(8 bit), so not widely used in computers.
 Examples: a) (03105)8 b) (4237.23)8
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
 Represents 10 types of digits from 0 to 9, so the base of number system is 10.
 This is the most familiar number system with everyone.
 Examples a) (582938)10 b) (3797.902)10

HEXADECIMAL NMBER SYSTEM


 Represents 16 types of digits from 0 to 9 and alphabets from A to F, so the base of number system is
16.
 Digits from 10 to 15 are represented as 10-A, 11-B, 12-C, 13-D, 14-E, 15-F.
 As numeric digits and alphabets are used to represent digits, this number system is also called as
alphanumeric number system.
 More complex number system and widely used in computer system.
 Examples: a) (AF38)16 b) (CE7.5B)16

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-507VSAFLM&list=PLFp56HbJTNIuj79e0iyLfnQZKFesdCFWm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2v1NnvqIxak&index=3&list=PLFp56HbJTNIuj79e0iyLfnQZKFesdCFWm

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:


1. Digital Electronics-Technical Publications D.A Godse & A.P Godse, Page No: 1-1 to 1-4
2. M.Morris Mano , ‘Digital Logic & Computer Design ‘ , Prentice Hall of India,2002

Subject Teacher Verified by HoD

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