Student Notebook

2-48 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models

What this unit is about

This unit covers the delivery models used in cloud computing.

What you should be able to do

After completing this unit, you should be able to:
• Describe the service delivery models of cloud computing
• Explain software as a service (SaaS)
• Explain platform as a service (PaaS)
• Explain infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
• Describe additional cloud services
• Illustrate a reference architecture for the PaaS cloud computing
model

How you will check your progress

• Checkpoint

References
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-1
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Unit objectives
After completing this unit, you should be able to:
• Describe the service delivery models of cloud computing
• Explain software as a service (SaaS)
• Explain platform as a service (PaaS)
• Explain infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
• Describe additional cloud services
• Illustrate a reference architecture for the PaaS cloud computing model

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-1. Unit objectives WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:

3-2 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Cloud service models

• Software as a service (SaaS)
– Use of software or applications that are delivered via a network
• Platform as a service (PaaS)
– The middleware platform and solution stack are accessible on the cloud
• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
– Provision servers, storage, and networking resources

• To be considered a “cloud service model” these models must be

deployed on top of an infrastructure that has the key characteristics of
clouds

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-2. Cloud service models WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
Software as a service (SaaS):
In the software as a service model, the same software or applications are provided to
different customers, or consumers via a network, usually the Internet. The software no
longer resides on the consumer’s workstation. Instead, the consumer accesses the
provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure using various client devices
through a thin-client interface such as a web browser. A good example could be web-based
email running on a cloud infrastructure.
Platform as a service (PaaS):
In this model, the computing platform and solution stack are made available as a service.
Customers can develop, test, and deploy their applications on the cloud.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS):
In the infrastructure as a service model, the consumer can provision fundamental computer
resources such as processors, storage, and networking resources.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-3
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Middleware is defined as: “Software that acts as an intermediate layer between

applications or between client and server. It is used most often to support complex,
distributed applications in heterogeneous environments.”

3-4 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Cloud service model architectures

Cloud infrastructure Cloud infrastructure Cloud infrastructure
IaaS Software
PaaS PaaS as a service
(SaaS)
SaaS SaaS SaaS architectures

Cloud infrastructure Cloud infrastructure

IaaS Platform
PaaS PaaS as a service
(PaaS)
architectures

Cloud infrastructure
IaaS Infrastructure
as a service
(IaaS)
architectures

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-3. Cloud service model architectures WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
SaaS = application as a service
PaaS = platform as a service
IaaS = infrastructure as a service
Notice that each service model builds on the cloud infrastructure, and each service model
higher up on the slide is more restrictive in the resources it makes available to the client.
Recall that to be considered a “cloud service model” these models must be deployed on
top of an infrastructure that has the key characteristics of clouds. This is depicted by the
box labeled “cloud infrastructure” in the diagram.
These services model architectures can be used together, in which case, the client has
access to all resources of the service model stack that have been provided.
The SaaS model delivers only applications to the user. It may conceivably be used as part
of a PaaS or IaaS architecture, in which case the user has access to the platform and the
infrastructure, respectively.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-5
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

On its own, the SaaS model is the least flexible — you only get to use the application. If you
add PaaS, you can create, deploy, and test the application, so you have more flexibility in
how the application performs. Finally, adding IaaS gives the ability to add or remove
system resources such as servers, data storage, firewalls, and so forth. Having access to
all three service models gives you the most flexibility for optimizing your environment.

3-6 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) architecture

Cloud infrastructure
IaaS

• An infrastructure provider (IP) makes an entire computing infrastructure

available “as a service”
• IPs manage a large pool of computing resources and use virtualization
to assign and dynamically resize the resources required by customers
• Customers rent processing capacity, memory, data storage, and
networking resources that are provisioned over a network

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-4. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) architecture WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
An infrastructure provider (IP) makes an entire computing infrastructure available “as a
service”. The IP uses the cloud to outsource the provision of the computing infrastructure
required to host services.
Rather than purchasing servers, data storage, and networking equipment, customers rent
these resources provisioned over a network.
The ability to support an IaaS architecture is through a combination of some of the special
characteristics of cloud computing. They include dynamic provisioning, fine-grained
measurement and metering, virtualization, broadband access, and flexible billing.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-7
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) details

• IaaS Æ Infrastructure services

Virtualized infrastructure —
Server, storage, network, facilities
Infrastructure for hosting cloud services,
dynamic provisioning

Servers Storage Networks

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-5. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) details WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
Infrastructure services are built on top of a standardized, secure, and scalable
infrastructure. Some level of redundancy needs to be built into the infrastructure to ensure
the high availability and elasticity of resources.
Next, it must be virtualized. Virtualized environments make use of server virtualization,
typically from VMware, XEN, and others, as the basis of running services. These services
need to be readily provisioned and deprovisioned using software automation.

3-8 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Platform as a service (PaaS) architecture

Cloud infrastructure Cloud infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS PaaS

• Service provider (SP) supplies the software platform or middleware

where the applications run
• Service user is responsible for the creation, updating, and maintenance
of the application
• The sizing of the hardware required for the execution of the software is
made in a transparent manner
• Google App Engine is an example of PaaS
• IBM Smart Business Development and Test Cloud is an example of
PaaS

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-6. Platform as a service (PaaS) architecture WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
Under the PaaS model, the service provider (SP) supplies the software platform or
middleware on which the applications run. The user of the service is responsible for the
creation, updating, and maintenance of the application.
Platforms in the cloud are an interesting offering that takes the pain away from having to
set up and configure the software platform or middleware.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-9
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Platform as a service (PaaS) details

• PaaS Æ Middleware services

Application
Database Messaging
server

Business
Web 2.0
Java runtime process
runtime
management

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-7. Platform as a service (PaaS) details WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
As with infrastructure services, PaaS should be a self-managed platform.
A provisioning engine is used to deploy the middleware services, as well as tearing them
down and freeing resources for reuse.
Platforms may offer additional functions to support developers, such as:
• Development and testing environments
- Support for integrated development environments (IDEs) and runtimes
- Support for advanced workflow software and tools
• Integration services
- Tools and runtimes that support integration, such as connectors, or an enterprise
service bus
• Source code management
- Tools and services that support version control and change management

3-10 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Platform as a service (PaaS) patterns

• Patterns are reusable elements that solve recurring business problems
• Pattern-based middleware is optimized for automatically assembling
software components into dynamic middleware services

Middleware services

Database Messaging Application server

Business process
management
Analytics

Web 2.0 runtime Java runtime

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-8. Platform as a service (PaaS) patterns WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
A design pattern can be described as “a named description of a proven design solution to a
recurring problem, within a given context.”
Pattern-based middleware is a grouping of middleware products and runtimes that can be
automatically assembled into dynamic middleware services.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-11
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Examples of PaaS software

• WebSphere software
– Configured middleware
topology
– Clusters, high
HTTP ClusterMember1
availability, server
extreme scale Web EJB
Plug-in container container

Load balancer
Client IP Server
Proxy 1 WAS 1
Internet Proxy 3 WAS 2
… …

HTTP ClusterMember2
server
Web EJB
Plug-in container container

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-9. Examples of PaaS software WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
IBM delivers many products in the WebSphere brand as PaaS middleware-aware topology
patterns.
An example of the use and deployment of these PaaS patterns is provided in the unit on
IBM WebSphere CloudBurst and IBM WebSphere Hypervisor Edition.

3-12 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Software as a service (SaaS) architecture

Cloud infrastructure Cloud infrastructure Cloud infrastructure

IaaS
PaaS PaaS
SaaS SaaS SaaS

• Service provider (SP) is responsible for the creation, updating, and

maintenance of software and application
• Service user accesses the service through Internet-based interfaces

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-10. Software as a service (SaaS) architecture WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
Under the SaaS model, the software provider is responsible for the creation, updating, and
maintenance of software, including the responsibility for licensing the software. Customers
usually rent the software on a per usage basis, or buy a subscription to access it, which
includes a separate license for each person that uses the software.
In this model, the service user only needs to access the service itself, and not the platform
or the infrastructure the service is running on. The service is usually accessed as a web
application or as a wrappered web services application invoked using web services APIs.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-13
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Software as a service (SaaS) details

• SaaS Æ Application services

Enterprise
Collaboration
applications

Business Industry
Analytics
processes applications

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-11. Software as a service (SaaS) details WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
With SaaS, users can access function-rich, prebuilt applications designed specifically
around their service.

3-14 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Examples of SaaS applications • Collaboration —

LotusLive
• Analytics — Cognos
Business Intelligence

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-12. Examples of SaaS applications WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
An example of software as a service cloud application for collaboration is IBM LotusLive;
an example for analytics is the Cognos Business Intelligence reporting and analytic
software.
Further information on these SaaS applications is provided in the unit on IBM cloud
computing architecture and offerings.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-15
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Trade-off in cost to install versus flexibility

High Native install

Server virtualization
(IaaS)

Cost
Middleware-aware
topology patterns

PaaS Application patterns

SaaS

Low

High Flexibility Low

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-13. Trade-off in cost to install versus flexibility WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
This diagram shows the trade-off between cost and savings in using standardized services
(on the lower right) and the higher cost (although greater flexibility) of building your own
custom environment (upper left of the diagram).

3-16 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Other cloud service models

• Data as a service
– Google Public Data Explorer lets you create your own visuals from Google App
data
– Assumes some public data already exists in the Cloud
• Testing as a service
– Within IBM, the Integrated Test Enablement (ITE) cloud has been created to
provide a common automation and test strategy for developers across the
various IBM product brands
– Used to create reusable test assets
• Integration as a service
– Cast Iron (now part of IBM)
– Boomi

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-14. Other cloud service models WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
A number of other service candidates have identified by market trends. These include such
models as data as a service, testing as a service, and integration as a service.
Data as a service:
Google Public Data Explorer lets you create your own visuals from Google App data
Assumes some public data already exists in the cloud.
Testing as a service:
Within IBM, the Integrated Test Enablement (ITE) cloud has been created to provide a
common automation and test strategy for developers across the various IBM product
brands.
However, for the most part, these models could just as well fall into the SaaS or PaaS
models.
In fact, the ITE cloud positions itself as a PaaS.
Cast Iron positions itself as a leading integrator of SaaS applications.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-17
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Boomi’s Atmosphere product is marketed as connecting any combination of SaaS.

3-18 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Common cloud management platform reference architecture:

Architecture overview diagram

Cloud service provider

Cloud services
IT capability provided to
Cloud service cloud service consumer Cloud service
consumer developer

Common cloud management platform Service

APIs development
BSS — business support system tools
Manages the business aspects
of cloud service instances

SLAs
OSS — operational support system
Instantiates and manages
cloud service instances

Security and resiliency

Virtualized infrastructure —
server, storage, network, facilities
Infrastructure for hosting cloud services
and common cloud management platform

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-15. Common cloud management platform reference architecture: Architecture overview diagram WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
This slide shows the common cloud management architecture in the context of the PaaS
service delivery model.
The business support system (BSS) enables capabilities such as subscription services for
a pay-per-usage model.
The OSS layer is responsible for making resources available on demand, and for the
security of the environment.
The cloud service provider makes cloud services available through its application
programming interfaces (APIs) to the cloud service consumer.
To instantiate a new cloud instance, the service consumer sends a request to the cloud
provider. The request is delegated to the operational support system or OSS that initiates
and manages cloud service instances. Once a new instance of the cloud has been created
and the response has been sent to the user

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-19
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Common cloud management platform

Common cloud management platform

Service
API
delivery portal

Reporting Service Service

Metering
and analytics development portal provider portal

BSS OSS
Business support services Operational support services

Service Service
business manager operations manager

Security and resiliency

Virtualized infrastructure
Server, storage, network, and facilities

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-16. Common cloud management platform WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
The cloud management platform enables you to manage, deploy, and automate business
applications on the cloud. The operational support services manages the creation of cloud
service instances. The business support services manages the business aspects of cloud
service instances, including things like measuring and metering, reporting, and analytics.
Depending on the environment, the user interface to the cloud management platform can
be anything from a comprehensive portal interface, to a simple API. These programming
interfaces manage the virtual machine images and the virtualized infrastructure.

3-20 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Unit summary
Having completed this unit, you should be able to:
• Describe the service delivery models of cloud computing
• Explain software as a service (SaaS)
• Explain platform as a service (PaaS)
• Explain infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
• Describe additional cloud services
• Illustrate a reference architecture for the PaaS cloud computing model

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-17. Unit summary WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-21
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

Checkpoint
1. True or false: A design pattern can be described as “a named
description of a proven design problem to a recurring solution, within a
given context”.

2. True or false: Using a prebuilt SaaS component gives you the most
flexibility in tailoring the software.

3. Match the following descriptions with the best definition:

Description Definition
1) Service provider supplies the software or A. Platform as a service
middleware where the applications run on
2) An entire computing environment is made B. Software as a
available as a service service
3) Service provider is responsible for the C. Infrastructure as a
creation and maintenance of the service
application
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-18. Checkpoint (objective only) WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:
Write your answers here:
1.

2.

3. 1)
2)
3)

3-22 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
V5.4
Student Notebook

Uempty

Checkpoint answers
1. True or false: A design pattern can be described as “a named description of a
proven design problem to a recurring solution, within a given context”.
Correct answer: False.
A design pattern can be described as: “A named description of a proven design
solution to a recurring problem, within a given context”
2. True or false: Using a prebuilt SaaS component gives you the most flexibility in
tailoring the software.
Correct answer: False.
3. Match the following descriptions with the best definition:
Description Definition
1) Service provider supplies the software or A. Platform as a service
middleware where the applications run on
2) An entire computing environment is made C. Infrastructure as a
available as a service service
3) Service provider is responsible for the B. Software as a
creation and maintenance of the service
application
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2010

Figure 3-19. Checkpoint answers WS009 / VS0091.0

Notes:

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models 3-23
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.
Student Notebook

3-24 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of IBM.