E105/108: LINEAR EXPANSION/TRANSVERS WAVE:
FREQUENCY OF VIBRATION
BARBERO, Nick Earl B.
[email protected]/2017141756/CE-1
PHYS101L-B4 GROUP 5
PROGRAM OUTCOME A. Ability to apply knowledge
of mathematics, science and engineering
Data Sheet / Computation (10)
PROGRAM OUTCOME G. Ability to communicate
effectively
Presentation / Graph, Figures and
Tables (15)
PROGRAM OUTCOME B. Ability to design and
conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and
interpret data
Results and Discussion (15)
Conclusion / Error Analysis (15)
PROGRAM OUTCOME K. Ability to use the
techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools
necessary for engineering practice
Application (5)
Performance
TOTAL
December 13, 2019
E105: Linear Expansion/E108: Transverse Wave: Frequency of Vibration
Nick Earl B. Barbero
(School of ------------------, Mapúa University, Philippines)
Results and Discussion
The two experiments were proceeded differently compared to the other ones that came before. Instead of the usual
where all the members of the group work together to carry out the two experiments one at a time, all the groups were
split into two. Half of the members of the group will work on the fifth experiment while the other half will work on the
eighth experiment. This made both the halves of the group have less understanding on the experiment they were not
assigned to than the ones working on it. Despite that, the two halves of the group finished the experiment on time even
though there were some hiccups in the eighth experiment since some of the equipment were not functioning in their
perfect condition, making the data difficult to acquire.
The first half of the experiment is about linear expansion. Linear expansion is the change of dimensions or the size
of a material as a feedback to change in temperature. Liquids are different than solid however, as their changes are
bigger than solids and solids maintain their shape while liquids assume the shape of their vessel or their container. In
this experiment, it is observed that when heat, or in this case the heat from the hot water, is applied in the aluminum
and metal tubes, their lengths and the resistance of the thermistor increases. Even though both tubes have the same
length, the changes in their length and resistance are different since the initial resistance of the two materials are also
different from one another.
Frequency of vibration is the topic of the second half of the experiment. It is the number of movements made back
and forth in each second. In this experiment, different materials of string, a string vibrator, sine wave generator, mass
hanger with different value of weights, and more are used in to create a physical representation of frequency of
vibration instead of just seeing one in a digital object. A frequency of vibration, in the group’s case is 107.5 Hz and
different weights of masses, which represents the tension, when having a certain length of string can create segments of
wavelengths that will look like a static object that has no motion. Even a small change in the length of the string, the
tension, or frequency of vibration can disrupt the static look of the wavelengths and will cause it to look like a simple
string with frequency of vibration applied to it.
Table 1. E105: Linear Expansion
Trial/Type of Tube T1. Aluminum T2. Iron
Initial Length of Tube 705mm 705mm
Initial Resistance of Thermistor at 81.7 Ω 85.5 Ω
Room Temperature
Initial Temperature 30 ºC 28 ºC
Change in length of tube 1.15mm 0.6mm
Resistance of Thermistor at Final 10860 Ω 11360 Ω
Temperature
Final Temperature of tube 80 ºC 79 ºC
Change in Temperature of Tube 50 ºC 51 ºC
Experimental coefficient of Linear 32.62x10-6C0 16.69x10-6C0
Expansions
Actual Coefficient of Linear 23.80x10-6C0 11.40x10-6C0
Expansion
Percentage Error 31% 38%
Table 2 Frequency of Vibration and Tension; Diameter of wire = 0.022; Linear mass density of wire = 0.184g/cm
TRIAL TENSION # of Segments Length of Frequency of Frequency of Percent error
String vibration (e) vibration (c)
1 73500 3 31 107.5 96.71 10
2 102900 4 43 107.5 109.99 2
3 127400 3 40.5 107.5 97.46 9
4 147000 4 51.5 107.5 109.77 2
5 161700 4 51 107.5 116.25 8
Table 3 Frequency of Vibration and Linear Mass Density; Tension = 102900;
Linear Mass Number of Length of frequency of frequency of Percentage
Trial Density segments string vibration (e) vibration (c) Error
1 0.0184 4 43 107.5 109.99 2
2 0.0112 3 41 107.5 110.89 3
3 0.0150 3 34.5 107.5 113.88 6
4 0.0078 3 46.5 107.5 117.17 9
5 0.0039 2 47 107.5 109.29 2
Attach at least 2 photos with proper caption below.
Figure 1. Setting up experiment 105 Figure 2. Setting up experiment 108
Conclusions
Overall, the experiments explained a lot of things and physically demonstrated how both lessons operate. The
experiment in linear expansion demonstrated how temperature, when applied to a certain type of material, can increase
its size without affecting its shape. It made clear how the heat of the hot water affected both the lengths and the
resistance of the two materials which is the iron and aluminum tubes. The experiment the frequency of vibrations had
some problems. The size of the wavelengths of the group were way smaller than the wavelengths of the other groups.
However, this didn’t affect the outcome of the experiments since the percentage error are within what is allowed. The
experiment is a physical demonstration of what a wavelength looks like when a certain frequency of vibration, length,
tension, and other factors are affecting it.
Linear expansion and frequency of vibrations have their own applications in real life. Since linear expansions
happens when temperature increases in solid objects, engineers and designers keep it in mind when designing large
structures to avoid steel bursting through concrete which can cause disasters and collateral damage. Frequency of
vibrations on the other hand can be seen mostly used in music instruments with strings like guitar. When the string is
struck, it will vibrate creating sound from the strings’ frequencies.
References
Thermal Expansion. The Physics Hypertextbook. https://physics.info/expansion/summary.shtml
Frequency of Vibrations and Pitch. https://www.le.ac.uk/se/centres/sci/selfstudy/snd5.htm
